52:
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229:), British India, he noticed bright lines in the spectrum of the chromosphere, showing that the chromosphere is gaseous. From the brightness of the spectral lines, Janssen realized that the chromospheric spectrum could be observed even without an eclipse, and he proceeded to do so. But he never mentioned the emission line seen by
295:
was prompted by a perception of the advantages to be gained by reducing the thickness of air through which observations have to be made. This observatory, the foundations of which were fixed in the hard ice that appeared to cover the summit to a depth of over ten metres, was built in
September 1893,
262:
259:
258:
261:
279:, Janssen also demonstrated the gaseous nature of the red prominences, and devised a method of observing them under ordinary daylight conditions. One main purpose of his spectroscopic inquiries was to answer the question whether the
589:
xcix: "Frankland and
Lockyer find the yellow prominences to give a very decided bright line not far from D, but hitherto not identified with any terrestrial flame. It seems to indicate a new substance, which they propose to call
953:
963:
260:
475:
943:
240:. He also observed the emission spectrum of the chromosphere, including a new yellow line near the sodium D line, which he called "D3". Lockyer and the English chemist
142:
1865 – 1871, but his energies were mainly devoted to various scientific missions entrusted to him. Thus in 1857 he went to Peru in order to determine the magnetic
948:
928:
480:
708:"International Conference Held at Washington for the Purpose of Fixing a Prime Meridian and a Universal Day. October, 1884. Protocols of the proceedings"
401:
988:
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150:
in the solar spectrum in Italy and
Switzerland; in 1867 he carried out optical and magnetic experiments at the Azores; he successfully observed both
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speculated that the new line could be due to a new element, which they named the element after the Greek word for the Sun, ἥλιος (
876:
504:
214:
968:
108:
179:
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In 1875, Janssen was appointed director of the new astrophysical observatory established by the French government at
123:
to Paris). His mother
Pauline Marie Le Moyne (1789 – 1871) was a daughter of the architect Paul Guillaume Le Moyne.
405:
351:
667:
978:
373:
95:, but there is no justification for the conclusion that he deserves credit for the co-discovery of the element
363:
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in Paris, with the name "J. Janssen" inscribed on his tomb. During his life he was made a Knight of the
296:
and
Janssen, in spite of his sixty-nine years, made the ascent and spent four days making observations.
230:
112:
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67:
732:
Catchers of the Light: The
Forgotten Lives of the Men and Women Who First Photographed the Heavens
303:, and set on foot there in 1876 the remarkable series of solar photographs collected in his great
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or not. An indispensable preliminary was the virtual elimination of oxygen-absorption in the
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Kochhar, R. K. (1991). "French astronomers in India during the 17th – 19th centuries".
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Kochhar, R.K. (1991). "French astronomers in India during the 17th–19th centuries".
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in
Algeria; and he took part in a long series of solar eclipse-expeditions, e.g. to
222:
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92:
64:
31:
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Kragh H (2009) "The solar element: a reconsideration of helium’s early history".
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from Dutch/Belgian descent (his father, Christianus
Janssen, emigrated from
17:
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39:
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484:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 155.
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in a balloon. Unfortunately the eclipse was obscured from him by cloud.
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On 20 October, Lockyer in
England set up a new, relatively powerful
893:
Un Globe-Trotter de la
Physique CĂ©leste: L'astronome Jules Janssen
554:
The astronomer Jules Janssen – a globetrotter of celestial physics
341:
255:
50:
44:
884:
The Astronomer Jules Janssen: A Globetrotter of Celestial Physics
178:
in Spain (1905). To see the eclipse of 1870, he escaped from the
155:
91:, is credited with discovering the gaseous nature of the solar
280:
350:
Janssen died at Meudon on 23 December 1907 and was buried at
193:. Later this invention was of great use for researchers like
438:
Jules Janssen (1824–1907): From ophthalmology to astronomy
869:, from the High Altitude Observatory at Boulder, Colorado
233:, which later was shown to be due to the element helium.
189:
or Photographic Revolver, instrument that originated the
581:(1989), s.v. "helium". Retrieved 16 December 2006, from
79:(22 February 1824 – 23 December 1907), usually known as
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451:
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Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
322:, the French astronomical society, from 1895 to 1897.
902:
The Discovery of Helium and the Birth of Astrophysics
275:
At the great Indian eclipse of 1868 that occurred in
964:Honorary Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
758:Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (225) Henrietta
585:. Also, from quotation there: Thomson, W. (1872).
798:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
392:after him. Two major prizes carry his name: the
859:, description and black-and-white picture from
641:Journal of the British Astronomical Association
115:(born in Paris, 1780 – 1860) was a well known
756:Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(225) Henrietta".
694:Bulletin de la Société astronomique de France
134:at the faculty of sciences. He taught at the
8:
853:, 1908, vol. 28, pp. 89–99 (in French)
760:. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 35.
205:In 1868 Janssen discovered how to observe
944:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
817:
497:"Chronology of Discoveries about the Sun"
197:to carry out exhibitions and inventions.
154:, that of 1874 in Japan, that of 1882 at
843:, 1908, vol. 177, p. 63 (in French)
311:was published by him in 1896. (see also
111:) into a cultivated family. His father,
38:
428:
185:In the year 1874, Janssen invented the
668:"The Observatory On Top Of Mont Blanc"
735:. ArtDeCiel Publishing. p. 274.
7:
949:Foreign members of the Royal Society
604:(2004). "Why Helium Ends in "ium"".
507:from the original on 19 October 2020
320:Société Astronomique de France (SAF)
146:; in 1861–1862 and 1864, he studied
309:Annales de l'observatoire de Meudon
107:Janssen was born in Paris (During
87:who, along with English scientist
25:
929:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
863:, 1922, vol. 45, pp. 175–176
332:International Meridian Conference
326:International Meridian Conference
318:Janssen was the President of the
55:Photo taken by Janssen, from the
989:French people of Belgian descent
934:Discoverers of chemical elements
583:Oxford English Dictionary Online
458:
307:(1904). The first volume of the
30:For the Belgian footballer, see
984:Recipients of the Lalande Prize
959:Knights of the Legion of Honour
939:19th-century French astronomers
833:, 1908, vol. 16, pp. 72–74
599:For the name "helium" see also
305:Atlas de photographies solaires
215:solar eclipse of 18 August 1868
138:in 1853, and in the school of
1:
877:Who's Who of Victorian Cinema
766:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_226
606:Journal of Chemical Education
419:, after his wife, Henrietta.
109:Bourbon Restoration in France
43:Jules Janssen; photograph by
27:French astronomer (1824–1907)
794:"Pierre Jules Cesar Janssen"
697:, 1911, vol. 25, pp. 581–586
380:are named in his honor. The
330:In 1884 he took part in the
556:. Springer, New York, p 45.
476:Janssen, Pierre Jules CĂ©sar
411:Janssen named minor planet
398:French Astronomical Society
1005:
891:Launay, Françoise (2008).
882:Launay, Françoise (2012).
406:French Academy of Sciences
77:Pierre Jules CĂ©sar Janssen
29:
851:The Astrophysical Journal
841:Astronomische Nachrichten
710:. Project Gutenberg. 1884
579:Oxford English Dictionary
338:Death, honors, and legacy
170:(1870), Siam (1875), the
103:Life, work, and interests
666:Tarbell, Ida M. (1894).
436:Amalric, Pierre (1992).
346:Janssen's grave in Paris
729:Hughes, Stefan (2012).
481:Encyclopædia Britannica
364:Royal Society of London
126:Pierre Janssen studied
819:10.1093/mnras/68.4.245
352:Père Lachaise Cemetery
347:
313:Meudon Great Refractor
272:
213:. While observing the
73:
48:
969:Scientists from Paris
345:
265:
231:Joseph Norman Lockyer
113:CĂ©sar Antoine Janssen
89:Joseph Norman Lockyer
54:
42:
900:Nath, B. B. (2012).
804:(4): 245–249. 1908.
674:. McClure's Magazine
528:J. Br. Astron. Assoc
423:Notes and references
810:1908MNRAS..68..245.
653:1991JBAA..101...95K
618:2004JChEd..81..944J
540:1991JBAA..101...95K
390:Place Jules Janssen
201:Discovery of helium
195:Etienne Jules Marey
187:Revolver of Janssen
148:telluric absorption
602:Jensen, William B.
394:Prix Jules Janssen
386:Meudon Observatory
348:
289:Earth's atmosphere
273:
74:
49:
831:Popular Astronomy
775:978-3-540-00238-3
626:10.1021/ed081p944
587:Rep. Brit. Assoc.
263:
207:solar prominences
191:chronophotography
152:transits of Venus
136:Lycée Charlemagne
16:(Redirected from
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268:Passage de Venus
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242:Edward Frankland
172:Caroline Islands
166:, India (1868),
162:, Italy (1867),
72:dirigible (1885)
59:observatory, of
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861:The Observatory
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356:Legion of Honor
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174:(1883), and to
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227:Andhra Pradesh
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180:Siege of Paris
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417:Johann Palisa
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413:225 Henrietta
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402:Janssen Medal
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384:in front of
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238:spectroscope
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223:Madras State
204:
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140:architecture
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117:clarinettist
106:
93:chromosphere
80:
76:
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68:
36:
32:Pier Janssen
924:1907 deaths
919:1824 births
904:. Springer.
886:. Springer.
714:30 November
501:Mr. Eclipse
209:without an
128:mathematics
913:Categories
895:. Vuibert.
612:(7): 944.
569:66:157–182
511:6 November
400:, and the
293:Mont Blanc
176:Alcossebre
85:astronomer
388:is named
283:contains
69:La France
847:Obituary
837:Obituary
827:Obituary
678:12 April
590:Helium."
505:Archived
376:and the
372:on both
225:(now in
849:, from
839:, from
829:, from
806:Bibcode
649:Bibcode
614:Bibcode
567:Ann Sci
536:Bibcode
469::
404:of the
396:of the
370:Craters
362:of the
211:eclipse
168:Algiers
144:equator
132:physics
974:Helium
772:
739:
647:: 95.
463:
358:and a
301:Meudon
285:oxygen
277:Guntur
271:(1874)
246:helios
219:Guntur
164:Guntur
97:helium
65:Krebs'
61:Renard
57:Meudon
217:, at
160:Trani
45:Nadar
770:ISBN
737:ISBN
716:2012
680:2016
513:2020
378:Moon
374:Mars
156:Oran
130:and
63:and
875:at
814:doi
762:doi
645:101
622:doi
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281:Sun
248:).
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