206:
218:
33:
332:. Sheep farmers and gold miners ruthlessly killed them; the former because the Selk'nam would hunt sheep in their former territories and the latter because of conflicts over mining areas. Together with other bounty hunters, who were paid to kill the Selk'nam, Popper too sent his armed forces to manhunt them.
363:
Center for the Study of the
History of the Jews of Romania mounted in the Romanian capital, Bucharest, an exhibition of Popper's 1886 expedition into the interior of Tierra del Fuego. It consisted of a selection of the hundreds of photographs of the expedition that Popper himself sent to his family
252:
After working in Europe for several years, he took a job working on the infrastructure for the telegraph in Chile. He arrived in
Argentina in 1885, where he was attracted by the possibility of gold mining in Tierra del Fuego. In 1886 he received a permit from the Argentine Government to form an
350:
at the age of 35, his empire collapsed. The cause of his death has not been established. Contemporary
American journalist John R. Spears says that he was poisoned by "men whom he had offended in the south." Popper's death was seen as suspicious due to his relatively young age and good health.
268:, killing all but two of the Selk'nam. After the fight, Popper "posed his men in the attitude of troops repelling a charge, took a position himself astride one of the dead Indians, and then had the outfit photographed for subsequent use."
604:
Odone, C. and M.Palma, "La muerte exhibida fotografias de Julius Popper en Tierra del Fuego", in Mason and Odone, eds, 12 miradas. "Culturas de
Patagonia: 12 Miradas: Ensayos sobre los pueblos patagonicos", Cited in Mason, Peter. 2001.
933:
908:
549:
320:
Popper vigorously fought against his enemies; he punished gold diggers and thieves according to arbitrary law. The most controversial aspect of his life was his participation in the
257:. On September 7, he led an 18-man expedition that included a chief engineer, a mineralogist, a journalist and a photographer. They found gold dust on the beach of El Páramo, in
591:
878:
261:. The expedition was rigorously and strictly enforced according to military standards with heavily armed men, with Popper in direct command of everything.
928:
264:
During the expedition, Popper and his men were allegedly attacked by eighty Selk'nam (Ona) armed with bows. The adventurers responded by firing their
826:
Odone, Carolina; Marisol, Palma (2003). "La muerte exhibida: Fotografías de Julius Popper en Tierra del Fuego (1886–1887)". In Odone; Mason (eds.).
888:
717:
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In
Patagonia, Popper maintained dominance with his private army. He issued his own coins and stamps to symbolize his power. When the
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918:
863:
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313:, his gold coins were regarded as currency. Around this time, he may have produced plans for the modern outline of the city of
898:
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Ansel 1970 quotes: "He further maintains that Popper drew up some kind of "plan" for the city of Havana in 1884." "He" means
938:
279:
200:
242:
410:
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in
Bucharest at the time and which collection had previously been conserved in the Romanian National Archives.
284:
868:
405:
670:
Canclini, Arnoldo, Julio Popper, quijote del oro fueguino, Zagier & Urruty
Publications, Ushuaia, 2000.
948:
396:
wrote a novel about his great-great-uncle in
Romanian called "Estrellita si regele tarei de Foc" (1992).
291:
183:, and was both a controversial and influential figure. Popper was one of the main perpetrators of the
853:
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443:
336:
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245:, son of professor Neftali Popper, a successful antiques merchant, and his wife Peppi. He studied in
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514:] (in Spanish). Sevilla: Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos de Sevilla. pp. 98–99
471:
425:
360:
805:
465:
744:
735:
Ansel, Bernard D. (February 1970). "European
Adventurer in Tierra del Fuego: Julio Popper".
657:
505:
329:
265:
176:
147:
647:
625:. Copenhagen: IWGIA (International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs). pp. 80, 207.
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653:
414:
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in the islands, and the circumstances surrounding his own death remain a mystery.
649:
The Gold
Diggings of Cape Horn: A Study of Life in Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia
696:
Centrul pentru Studiul Istoriei Evreilor din România (CSIER) "Wilhelm Filderman"
507:
Hombres primitivos en la Tierra del Fuego (de investigador a compañero de tribu)
205:
446:-based Chilean blues and rockabilly band Julius Popper are named after Popper.
421:
340:
164:
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53:
439:, his story is briefly but accurately explained, and emotionally described.
32:
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Primitive men in Tierra del Fuego (from researcher to fellow tribesman)
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314:
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282:. A mint built to manage the gold was adapted as a museum in 1973,
18:
Argentinian explorer and major perpetrator of the Selk'nam genocide
490:
According to Federico Echelaite's account in the documentary film
246:
224:
216:
204:
691:
934:
People from the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia
234:
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Popper succeeded in unearthing large amounts of gold and his
692:"Vernisajul expoziției "Tierra de Fuego. Expedicion Popper""
828:
12 Miradas. Ensayos sobre los Selknam, Yaganes y Kawesqar
386:
features him as one of the main characters of his novel,
718:"El curioso origen del nombre de la banda Julius Popper"
622:
Language of the Land: The Mapuche in Argentina and Chile
909:
Perpetrators of Indigenous genocides in South America
302:(Territorial Museum) of Tierra del Fuego since 1979.
766:"Montaje del álbum fotográfico de Tierra del Fuego"
296:("Museum at the End of the Earth"), officially the
118:
104:
96:
86:
64:
39:
23:
335:Popper also prepared an expedition to enforce the
815:"From Argentina's Glaciers to Tierra del Fuego"
550:"Julius Popper – El Emperador de la Patagonia"
580:] (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. p. 13.
297:
134:(December 15, 1857 – June 5, 1893), known in
8:
494:(by A. Montes, A. Chapman, and J. Prelorán).
492:Los onas, vida y muerte en Tierra del Fuego
590:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
253:exploration company to mine for gold near
31:
20:
764:Bajas Irizar, Maria Paz (December 2005).
424:to the short story "Tierra del Fuego" by
376:wrote a novel about Popper's life called
680:Aurora Israel agency report (in Spanish)
737:The Hispanic American Historical Review
464:Michael, Thomas; Cuhaj, George (2009).
456:
275:realized enormous capital gains on the
773:Revista Chilena de Antropología Visual
583:
249:, gaining credentials as an engineer.
146:
7:
879:Argentine people of Romanian descent
798:"Julio Popper, el dictador fueguino"
743:(1). Duke University Press: 89–110.
467:Standard Catalog of World Gold Coins
273:Compania de Lavaderos de Oro del Sud
470:. Krause Publications. p. 80.
574:Popper, un conquistador patagónico
537:. G. P. Putnam's Sons. p. 11.
14:
929:Naturalized citizens of Argentina
578:Popper, a Patagonian Conquistador
209:Julius Popper posing over a dead
122:Being a major perpetrator of the
813:Glaser, Cherie; Glaser, Walter.
548:Alem, Leandro N. (May 9, 2011).
346:After Popper's sudden death in
535:The Gold Diggings of Cape Horn
533:Spears, John Randolph (1895).
428:, on which the film was based.
409:(2000), where he appears as a
1:
889:Economic history of Argentina
834:: Ediciones Cuerpos Pintados.
802:MFM (Museo del Fin del Mundo)
399:He was played by Cuban actor
378:Popper – la Patagonia del oro
233:Popper was born in 1857 to a
804:(in Spanish). Archived from
660:: Putnam's Sons. p. 10.
556:(in Spanish). Archived from
171:. He was known as a modern "
914:History of Tierra del Fuego
213:killed during fight in 1886
965:
904:Explorers of South America
201:Tierra del Fuego Gold Rush
198:
884:Death conspiracy theories
796:Braun Menéndez, Armando.
243:Principality of Wallachia
30:
924:Jewish Argentine history
894:Engineers from Bucharest
874:Argentine mass murderers
646:Spears, John R. (1895).
572:Lewin, Boleslao (1967).
504:Gusinde, Martin (1951).
311:the market crash of 1890
919:Immigrants to Argentina
864:Argentine cartographers
285:Museo del Fin del Mundo
944:Romanian cartographers
859:19th century in Havana
420:Popper figures in the
413:man working for Queen
388:El Corazón a Contraluz
298:
230:
222:
214:
148:[ˈxuljopoˈpeɾ]
144:Spanish pronunciation:
899:Expatriates in France
560:on November 29, 2014.
431:In a play written by
228:
220:
208:
619:Ray, Leslie (2007).
437:La mère de la mariée
355:Photographic archive
229:1891 stamp by Popper
607:The Lives of Images
187:against the native
939:Romanian explorers
309:lost its value in
231:
223:
215:
832:Santiago de Chile
808:on March 6, 2016.
426:Francisco Coloane
411:Romanian Orthodox
361:Wilhelm Filderman
359:In July 2022 The
322:Selk'nam genocide
299:Museo Territorial
266:Winchester rifles
259:San Sebastián Bay
129:
128:
124:Selk'nam genocide
50:December 15, 1857
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433:Céline Monsarrat
406:Tierra del Fuego
401:Jorge Perugorría
330:Tierra del Fuego
301:
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221:5-gram gold coin
177:Tierra del Fuego
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97:Other names
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790:English extract
768:
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749:10.2307/2511634
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729:Further reading
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869:Argentine Jews
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830:(in Spanish).
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775:(in Spanish).
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698:(in Hungarian)
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477:978-1440204241
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384:Patricio Manns
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307:Argentine peso
280:stock exchange
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119:Known for
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109:Ottoman Empire
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72:(aged 35)
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25:Julius Popper
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806:the original
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702:November 21,
700:. Retrieved
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686:
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654:New Rochelle
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641:
621:
614:
606:
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573:
566:
558:the original
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528:
516:. Retrieved
511:
506:
499:
491:
486:
466:
459:
436:
415:Carmen Sylva
404:
403:in the film
394:Jacob Popper
387:
377:
358:
348:Buenos Aires
345:
334:
324:against the
319:
304:
283:
272:
270:
263:
251:
232:
179:in southern
173:conquistador
140:Julio Popper
139:
131:
130:
100:Julio Popper
76:Buenos Aires
70:(1893-06-05)
68:June 5, 1893
15:
854:1893 deaths
849:1857 births
417:of Romania.
374:Daniel Ares
290: [
105:Citizenship
87:Nationality
843:Categories
451:References
444:Concepción
422:back-story
368:In fiction
341:Antarctica
237:family in
199:See also:
165:adventurer
46:1857-12-15
785:0717-876X
779:: 34–54.
586:cite book
518:March 28,
277:Argentine
239:Bucharest
159:colonial
157:Argentine
151:), was a
113:Argentina
80:Argentina
58:Wallachia
54:Bucharest
554:Taringa!
317:, Cuba.
211:Selk'nam
185:genocide
169:explorer
161:engineer
153:Romanian
91:Romanian
757:2511634
609:, P.153
390:(1996).
287:
136:Spanish
783:
755:
629:
474:
326:native
315:Havana
235:Jewish
167:, and
155:-born
769:(PDF)
753:JSTOR
576:[
510:[
294:]
247:Paris
175:" of
781:ISSN
704:2023
627:ISBN
592:link
520:2012
472:ISBN
442:The
195:Life
65:Died
40:Born
745:doi
138:as
845::
817:.
800:.
771:.
751:.
741:50
739:.
694:.
658:NY
656:,
652:.
588:}}
584:{{
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44:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
