306:
216:
246:, London. The clinic used a variety of psychiatric methods and disciplines at a time when psychological experimentation was booming; the clinic called its approach "orthopsychics". As psychology was underdeveloped as a science at the time, there was a focus on recruiting from those with a general education, rather than with specialist psychiatric training. From July 1915 the clinic began a training programme for psychotherapists by forming a sister organisation, the Society for the Study of Orthopsychics. This was the first course in England for training psychoanalysts. Part of the training included students having to undergo their own therapy, a requirement that was later adopted by the
265:... in providing certain newer forms of treatment, the utility of which in the kind of cases indicated has frequently been demonstrated, but which for lack of suitable conditions have so far only been accessible to a very limited number of sufferers. These forms of treatment are often referred to collectively as Psychotherapy and include the various forms of mental analysis, and re-synthesis which are known as Psychological Analysis (Janet, Morton Prince, &c.), Psycho-Analysis (Freud and Jung, &c.), and as Therapeutic Conversation and Persuasion (Dejerine, Dubois, &c.), Re-Education and Suggestion in the hypnoidal and hypnotic state.
141:
231:, London. Murray was working as a consulting physician at a clinic when they decided to establish the Medico-Psychological Clinic in Endsleigh Street. The clinic was one of the first psychotherapeutic consultancies in Britain. Initially the clinic operated informally, opening only three afternoons a week, offering its services to those who could not afford an alternative; one of the clinic's aims was to provide treatment that could be afforded by
372:
reads "To Jessie
Margaret Murray M.D., B.S. (Durham) from whose inspired teaching and example is derived anything of value therein, this little book is dedicated." Turner died in 1946; her will closed with the words "It is my desire that my body be cremated and my ashes scattered upon the grave of my
336:
and returned to
Britain determined to change the way the clinic was run. His brother Edward later described the "missionary zeal" with which his brother approached the task, banning any treatment except those on Freudian lines. The clinic had previously been run on non-partisan lines, using whichever
355:
After the closure of the clinic, Turner returned to her residence at
Endsleigh Street and opened a practice that aimed to return to the charitable basis of their original clinic. She also continued to train students. She published three books on psychology:
261:. By 1919 a third adjacent house was occupied by the clinic. To raise funds to treat the increasing number of servicemen entering treatment, the clinic published a brochure, entitled "Special Appeal in Time of War", which described its approach:
288:
and retired from the clinic. Her position of co-director was taken by James Glover, who had joined the practice in 1918. He was medically trained and interested in psychoanalysis and had been rejected from military service because of his
119:
families. Several of the staff who worked and trained at the clinic became leading psychoanalysts. The clinic closed down in 1922, two years after Murray's death, as a result of political in-fighting and financial problems.
192:". The psychotherapist Marion Bower considers the two were probably a lesbian couple. Turner gave Murray private tuition in preparation for taking—and passing—the first stage examinations of the college in 1899.
317:
After a split in the
Society for the Study of Orthopsychics, Turner resigned and founded the Psychological Aid Society on 26 September 1921, with the headquarters in her residence in Endsleigh Street.
324:) as a senior member of staff was part of the reason the clinic eventually closed down. In 1921 Glover travelled to Berlin for several months' training and analysis with the German psychoanalyst
344:
By 1922 Glover left the clinic with some of the staff and students, essentially splitting the clinic, causing Turner to close it. Many of those staff who had not followed Glover joined the
269:
Turner joined many of the professional networks associated with her field. In July 1915 she and Murray founded the
Society for the Study of Orthopsychics and she was also a member of the
352:. The hostel for shell-shocked soldiers was a large drain on finances. There were no endowments or major sponsors to keep it running, and charitable funding after the war was scant.
337:
discipline was deemed best for the patient, alongside medical treatment and changes in diet and exercise—although Murray, Turner and
Sinclair had a personal preference for using
257:
progressed they began admitting men too. In April 1917 the clinic expanded into a neighbouring house to provide an in-patient facility for rehabilitating soldiers suffering from
188:. The two formed a close friendship; Elizabeth Valentine, Murray's biographer, considers the relationship was an "intimate friendship ... that showed many of the signs of a
123:
Turner continued practising psychotherapy and training and published three works on the subject in the 1920s. She died in 1946 and her ashes were scattered on Murray's grave in
270:
1310:
1134:
Martindale, Philippa (July 2004). "'Against All
Hushing up and Stamping Down': The Medico-Psychological Clinic of London and the Novelist May Sinclair".
247:
1208:
Valentine, Elizabeth R. (9 April 2009). "'A brilliant and many-sided personality': Jessie
Margaret Murray, founder of the Medico-Psychological Clinic".
305:
215:
207:
showed the institution described itself as "a high-class private school which aims at giving a liberal education to the daughters of gentlemen".
952:
1335:
914:
890:
871:
852:
408:
1315:
348:. The clinic's finances were also unsound at the time of the closure, and it had debts of over £1,000 when the controlling company was
333:
1237:
Valentine, Elizabeth R. (November 2018). "Early Women
Members of the British Psychological Society: Challenges and Achievements".
1023:
Cassullo, Gabriele (3 July 2014). "Charles
Rycroft and the Making of an Independent Psychoanalyst: Translated by Alice Spencer".
1325:
1320:
274:
321:
1330:
278:
881:
Robinson, Ken (2023). "Ella Sharpe: Being Independent, following Freud". In Wolf, Elizabeth; Antonis, Barbie (eds.).
1340:
969:
Alexander, Sally (Spring 1998). "Psychoanalysis in Britain in the Early Twentieth Century: An Introductory Note".
170:
144:
93:
112:
712:
140:
407:£500 in 1914 is approximately equivalent to £60,600 in 2023, according to calculations based on the
185:
1002:
Boll, Theophilus E. M. (22 August 1962). "May Sinclair and the Medico-Psychological Clinic of London".
293:. Murray died on 25 September 1920, aged 53; she left her estate to Turner, who she also named as the
1305:
1300:
174:
223:, London, where Turner and Murray lived, and where they established the Medico-Psychological Clinic
1163:
Raitt, Suzanne (Autumn 2004). "Early British Psychoanalysis and the Medico-Psychological Clinic".
1254:
1196:
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974:
900:
345:
338:
243:
228:
220:
189:
238:
The practice soon grew and in July 1914, after it received a £500 donation from the writer
254:
195:
Between 1900 and 1904 Turner was the co-principal of Fir Grove House Ladies' School, in
904:
285:
1294:
1258:
1110:
1044:
329:
181:
108:
77:
65:
1200:
925:
1118:
325:
239:
232:
116:
1052:
Hinshelwood, R. D. (January 1998). "The Organizing of Psychoanalysis in Britain".
111:
opened the Medico-Psychological Clinic in 1913, a pioneering entity that provided
1250:
1036:
883:
Independent Women in British Psychoanalysis: Creativity and Authenticity at Work
258:
81:
1275:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"
978:
395:
349:
161:
1147:
1094:
935:
1274:
1065:
294:
196:
100:
1229:
1192:
1155:
1073:
994:
945:
Philosophy and History of Psychology: Selected Works of Elizabeth Valentine
1176:
290:
166:
152:
89:
37:
1184:
1102:
1221:
986:
1015:
200:
104:
845:
The Life and Work of Joan Riviere: Freud, Klein and Female Sexuality
253:
The clinic initially focused on treating women patients, but as the
864:
The Transformation of the Psyche in British Primary Care, 1870–1970
165:
Venton) Turner and her husband Alfred, a solicitor. Turner studied
304:
214:
156:
139:
85:
41:
906:
The Female Malady: Women, Madness and English Culture 1830-1980
373:
said dear friend Jessie Margaret Murray in Highgate Cemetery".
159:, in 1863. She was the middle child of seven born to Marianne (
594:
592:
590:
588:
765:
763:
750:
748:
696:
694:
657:
655:
434:
432:
430:
428:
99:
After four years as a co-principal of a girls' school in
551:
549:
547:
507:
505:
885:. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge. pp. 120–133.
792:
790:
398:. One of Turner's sisters later occupied the property.
534:
532:
464:
462:
449:
447:
61:
49:
30:
23:
279:British Association for the Advancement of Science
1210:Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences
1004:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
320:The presence of James Glover (older brother to
271:British Society for the Study of Sex Psychology
332:. During his study he became a devotee of the
242:, the clinic moved to its own premises at 30
8:
1081:"Jessie Margaret Murray, M.D., B.S.Durham".
713:"Jessie Margaret Murray, M.D., B.S.Durham".
227:By 1913 Murray and Turner were living at 14
1123:The International Journal of Psychoanalysis
781:
610:
598:
523:
493:Craddock's Godalming Almanac and Directory
366:Human Psychology as seen through the Dream
248:International Psychoanalytical Association
205:Craddock's Godalming Almanac and Directory
20:
820:
769:
754:
700:
661:
646:
579:
496:
480:
438:
739:
622:
555:
424:
387:
1239:History & Philosophy of Psychology
930:. London: Kegan Paul, Trench Trubner.
808:
211:Medico-Psychological Clinic, 1913–1921
685:
567:
538:
511:
453:
173:, where she graduated in 1889 with a
160:
16:British psychoanalyst and suffragette
7:
927:The Psychology of Self-Consciousness
796:
727:
673:
634:
468:
370:The Psychology of Self-Consciousness
362:The Dream and the Anxiety Hypothesis
358:The Psychology of Self-Consciousness
311:The Psychology of Self-Consciousness
1121:(1927). "James Glover, 1882–1926".
136:Early life and education, 1863–1913
284:In 1919 Murray was diagnosed with
14:
1311:British women's rights activists
943:Valentine, Elizabeth R. (2014).
328:—a student and collaborator of
96:, where she graduated in 1889.
1089:(3123): 723. 6 November 1920.
275:Society for Psychical Research
115:and treatment, affordable for
107:, Turner and her close friend
1:
309:Dedication in Julia Turner's
1336:Burials at Highgate Cemetery
1251:10.53841/bpshpp.2018.19.1.17
1037:10.1080/00107530.2014.895279
947:. London: Psychology Press.
394:In 1892 the family moved to
1316:British women psychiatrists
1083:The British Medical Journal
1025:Contemporary Psychoanalysis
715:The British Medical Journal
334:Freudian school of analysis
1357:
1136:Psychoanalysis and History
1054:Psychoanalysis and History
368:(1924). The dedication in
184:, who was studying at the
76:(1863–1946) was a British
171:University College London
151:Julia Turner was born in
145:University College London
94:University College London
1165:History Workshop Journal
1148:10.3366/pah.2004.6.2.177
1095:10.1136/bmj.2.3123.723-a
971:History Workshop Journal
862:Hayward, Rhodri (2014).
113:psychological evaluation
1273:Clark, Gregory (2023).
1066:10.3366/pah.1999.1.1.87
979:10.1093/hwj/1998.45.135
1326:British psychoanalysts
924:Turner, Julia (1923).
866:. London: Bloomsbury.
843:Bower, Marion (2019).
314:
267:
224:
203:. An advertisement in
148:
147:, where Turner studied
1321:British psychiatrists
847:. London: Routledge.
411:measure of inflation.
313:, addressed to Murray
308:
301:Later life, 1921–1946
263:
218:
186:College of Preceptors
143:
409:Consumer Price Index
377:Notes and references
88:in 1863 and studied
1331:British suffragists
1177:10.1093/hwj/58.1.63
649:, pp. 152–154.
582:, pp. 223–224.
483:, pp. 146–147.
180:In 1898 Turner met
1222:10.1002/jhbs.20364
954:978-1-8487-2-274-3
909:. London: Virago.
495:, 1900, quoted in
315:
225:
149:
84:. She was born in
1341:English feminists
916:978-0-86068-869-3
901:Showalter, Elaine
892:978-1-0322-8403-3
873:978-1-7809-3726-7
854:978-0-4155-0768-4
514:, pp. 68–69.
125:Highgate Cemetery
71:
70:
57:(aged 82–83)
1348:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1277:. MeasuringWorth
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998:
958:
939:
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782:Hinshelwood 1998
779:
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346:Tavistock Clinic
339:Jungian analysis
244:Brunswick Square
229:Endsleigh Street
221:Endsleigh Street
190:life partnership
164:
56:
21:
1356:
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1272:
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1236:
1207:
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1133:
1117:
1080:
1051:
1022:
1001:
973:(45): 135–143.
968:
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942:
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255:First World War
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26:
17:
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11:
5:
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1287:
1268:
1265:
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1234:
1216:(2): 145–161.
1205:
1160:
1142:(2): 177–200.
1131:
1115:
1078:
1049:
1031:(3): 332–370.
1020:
1010:(4): 310–326.
999:
964:
961:
960:
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953:
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921:
915:
897:
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835:
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826:
825:
821:Valentine 2018
813:
801:
799:, p. 325.
786:
774:
772:, p. 198.
770:Showalter 1987
759:
757:, p. 138.
755:Alexander 1998
744:
742:, p. 341.
732:
730:, p. 321.
720:
705:
703:, p. 197.
701:Showalter 1987
690:
678:
676:, p. 319.
666:
664:, p. 157.
662:Valentine 2009
651:
647:Valentine 2009
639:
637:, p. 317.
627:
615:
603:
584:
580:Valentine 2014
572:
560:
543:
528:
526:, p. 180.
516:
501:
499:, p. 146.
497:Valentine 2009
485:
481:Valentine 2009
473:
471:, p. 311.
458:
443:
441:, p. 146.
439:Valentine 2009
423:
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286:ovarian cancer
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1171:(58): 63–85.
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1060:(1): 87–102.
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823:, p. 24.
822:
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787:
784:, p. 95.
783:
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766:
764:
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749:
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741:
740:Cassullo 2014
736:
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631:
628:
625:, p. 52.
624:
623:Robinson 2023
619:
616:
613:, p. 93.
612:
607:
604:
601:, p. 94.
600:
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585:
581:
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569:
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558:, p. 53.
557:
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541:, p. 69.
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109:Jessie Murray
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78:psychoanalyst
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66:Psychoanalyst
64:
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52:
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43:
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29:
22:
19:
1279:. Retrieved
1245:(1): 17–25.
1242:
1238:
1213:
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811:, p. v.
804:
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688:, p. 2.
681:
669:
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556:Hayward 2014
519:
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240:May Sinclair
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233:middle-class
226:
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117:middle-class
98:
74:Julia Turner
73:
72:
55:(1946-00-00)
25:Julia Turner
18:
1306:1946 deaths
1301:1863 births
1281:22 February
809:Turner 1923
364:(1923) and
259:shell shock
82:suffragette
1295:Categories
686:Jones 1927
568:Clark 2023
539:Raitt 2004
512:Raitt 2004
454:Bower 2019
419:References
396:Twickenham
350:liquidated
235:patients.
62:Occupation
1259:255927431
1111:220230826
1045:143330272
936:909226450
797:Boll 1962
728:Boll 1962
674:Boll 1962
635:Boll 1962
469:Boll 1962
295:executrix
197:Godalming
131:Biography
101:Godalming
44:, England
1267:Websites
1230:19360892
1201:19911730
1193:15499690
1185:25472754
1156:21850804
1103:20425661
1074:22081844
995:11620086
963:Journals
903:(1987).
360:(1923),
291:diabetes
277:and the
167:classics
153:Dagenham
90:classics
38:Dagenham
987:4289553
831:Sources
1257:
1228:
1199:
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1183:
1154:
1129:: 1–9.
1109:
1101:
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1016:985265
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993:
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870:
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322:Edward
273:, the
201:Surrey
105:Surrey
1255:S2CID
1197:S2CID
1181:JSTOR
1107:S2CID
1099:JSTOR
1041:S2CID
1012:JSTOR
983:JSTOR
837:Books
382:Notes
157:Essex
86:Essex
42:Essex
1283:2023
1226:PMID
1189:PMID
1152:PMID
1070:PMID
991:PMID
949:ISBN
932:OCLC
911:ISBN
887:ISBN
868:ISBN
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53:1946
50:Died
34:1863
31:Born
1247:doi
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1173:doi
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