1333:
833:. They are easily offended by carelessness, lack of proper respect, and lazy farmers. As the protector of the farm and caretaker of livestock, their retributions for bad practices range from small pranks like a hard strike to the ear to more severe punishment like killing of livestock or ruining of the farm's fortune. Observance of traditions is thought to be important to the nisse, as they do not like changes in the way things are done at their farms. They are also easily offended by rudeness; farm workers swearing, urinating in the barns, or not treating the creatures well can frequently lead to a sound thrashing by the tomte/nisse. If anyone spills something on the floor in the nisse's house, it is considered proper to shout a warning to the tomte below.
3595:
1595:; he doesn't come down the chimney at night, but through the front door, delivering the presents directly to the children, just like the Yule Goat did; he is not overweight; and even if he nowadays sometimes rides in a sleigh drawn by reindeer, instead of just walking around with his sack, his reindeer don't fly—and in Sweden, Denmark and Norway some still put out a bowl of porridge for him on Christmas Eve. He is still often pictured on Christmas cards and house and garden decorations as the little man of Jenny Nyström's imagination, often with a horse or cat, or riding on a goat or in a sled pulled by a goat, and for many people the idea of the farm tomte still lives on, if only in the imagination and literature.
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191:
58:
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then hurried to search the lands to find another farmer with an identical cow, and replaced the former with the latter. In another tale a
Norwegian maid decided to eat the porridge herself, and ended up severely beaten by the nisse. The being swore: "Have you eaten the porridge for the nisse, you have to dance with him!" The farmer found her nearly lifeless the morning after.
1352:
38:
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of the farmstead, and secretly acts as their guardian. If treated well, they protect the family and animals from evil and misfortune, and may also aid the chores and farm work. However, they are known to be short tempered, especially when offended. Once insulted, they will usually play tricks, steal
864:
the porridge. When the nisse of his farmstead found that the butter was missing, he was filled with rage and killed the cow resting in the barn. But, as he thus became hungry, he went back to his porridge (ricepudding) and ate it, and so found the butter at the bottom of the bowl. Full of grief, he
868:
The nisse is connected to farm animals in general, but his most treasured animal is the horse. Belief has it that one could see which horse was the tomte's favourite as it will be especially healthy and well taken care of. Sometimes the tomte will even braid its hair and tail. Undoing these braids
1045:
The belief in a nisse's tendency to bring riches to the farm by his unseen work could also be dragged into the conflicts between neighbors. If one farmer was doing far better for himself than the others, someone might say that it was because he had a nisse on the farm, doing "ungodly" work and
869:
without permission can mean misfortune or angering the tomte. Some stories tell how the nisse could drive people mad or bite them. The bite from a nisse is poisonous, and otherworldly healing is usually required. As the story goes, a girl who was bitten withered and died before help arrived.
701:
eye. In modern
Denmark, nisser are often seen as beardless, wearing grey and red woolens with a red cap. Since nisser are thought to be skilled in illusions and sometimes able to make themselves invisible, one was unlikely to get more than brief glimpses of him no matter what he looked like.
814:
1042:, book VI, ch. 78). Folklore added other negative beliefs about the tomte, such as that having a tomte on the farm meant you put the fate of your soul at risk, or that you had to perform various non-Christian rites to lure a tomte to your farm.
1951:) is prevalent, and states there is too scanty a material ("lite tilfang") to build on. Ottar Grønvik's 1997 study argues that in general, current literature "does not give an accurate picture of their distribution in the 19th century".
1021:
The nisse was not always a popular figure, particularly during and after the
Christianization of Scandinavia. Like most creatures of folklore he would be seen as heathen (pre-Christian) and be demonized and connected to the
677:
The nisse/tomte was often imagined as a small, elderly man (size varies from a few inches to about half the height of an adult man), often with a full beard; dressed in the traditional farmer garb, consisting of a pull-over
70:
157:
season. They are generally described as being short, having a long white beard, and wearing a conical or knit cap in gray, red or some other bright colour. They often have an appearance somewhat similar to that of a
1688:, as well as the graphic novel series it is based on, features nisse as a species. One nisse named Tontu is a recurring character, portrayed as a small, hairy humanoid who lives unseen in the main character's home.
1587:, although his animal features have disappeared) still has features and traditions that are rooted in the local culture. He doesn't live on the North Pole, but perhaps in a forest nearby, or in Denmark he lives on
1521:
of this traditional
Swedish mythical character which she turned into the white-bearded, red-capped friendly figure associated with Christmas ever since. Shortly afterwards, and obviously influenced by the emerging
693:. This was still the common male dress in rural Scandinavia in the 17th century, giving an indication of when the idea of the nisse spread. However, there are also folktales where he is believed to be a
848:. If the tomte is not given his gift, he might leave the farm or house or engage in mischief such as tying the cows' tails together in the barn, turning objects upside-down, and breaking things (like a
1172:. These beings are social, however, whereas the nisse is always solitary (though he is now often pictured with other nisser). Often comparable to the Latin American "Duende". Synonyms of
1677:
and other modern fiction. In some versions the tomte are portrayed as very small; in others they are human-sized. The nisse usually exist hidden from humans and are often able to use
1332:
1640:), as well as referring to someone in one's building who mysteriously does someone a favour, such as hanging up one's laundry. A person might also wish for a little
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1517:", where the tomte is alone awake in the cold Christmas night, pondering the mysteries of life and death. This poem featured the first painting by
725:
s height is anywhere from 60 cm (2 ft) to no taller than 90 cm (3 ft) according to one
Swedish-American source, whereas the
892:). The tomte turns the naughty boy Nils into a pixie in the beginning of the book, and Nils then travels across Sweden on the back of a goose.
2625:
5673:
2881:
282:
in the native
Norwegian is retained in Pat Shaw Iversen's English translation (1960), appended with the parenthetical remark that it is a
3267:
4103:
1935:
Ottar Grønvik specifically addresses the generalization "tufte (-kall) har utbreeinga si noko nord- og vestafor tomte (-gubbe)," i.e.,
5622:
2906:
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3200:
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1821:
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stealing from the neighbors. These rumors could be very damaging for the farmer who found himself accused, much like accusations of
953:
927:
800:
778:
4858:
5699:
883:
1926:
The tale "Tuftefolket på Sandflesa" describes its setting as Trena, and
Sandflesa is explained as a shifting bank off its shore.
388:
prevails in eastern Norway (and adjoining Sweden), although there are caveats attached to such over-generalizations by linguist
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1026:. Farmers believing in the house tomte could be seen as worshiping false gods or demons; in a famous 14th-century decree,
966:
The nisse or tomte was in ancient times believed to be the "soul" of the first inhabitant of the farm; he who cleared the
5595:
2936:
2866:
1472:, probably related to fertility and their role as guardians of the farmstead. It is customary to leave behind a bowl of
735:
429:) in the 17th century, but there is already mention of "Nisse pugen" in a Norwegian legal tract c. 1600 or earlier, and
366:
251:
5724:
5714:
3015:
412:
1670:, either replacing it completely, or simply lending its name to the elf-like depictions in the case of translations.
5749:
5719:
3729:
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it is argued that the current material does not give an accurate picture of their distribution in the 19th century.
495:, meaning "dear little relative". Another explanation is that it is a corruption of Nils, the Scandinavian form of
204:
5739:
5734:
4918:
4908:
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4742:
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1856:(in Schleswig/Southern Jutland, now divided between Denmark (Northern Schleswig) and Germany (Southern Schleswig)
1674:
1367:
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able to take a shape far larger than an adult man, and other tales where the nisse is believed to have a single,
324:
5744:
5704:
5433:
5016:
1084:
916:
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1996:
2668:
5418:
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920:
771:
310:
170:
4893:
5585:
3988:
1454:
3061:
4843:
3953:
3703:
2570:, p. 89. "the nisse, also known under the name of tusse, tuftebonde, tuftekall, tomte and gobonde".
1813:
1464:, enters homes to hand out presents. The tomte/nisse is also commonly seen with a pig, another popular
430:
1460:
The nisse will deliver gifts at the door, in accordance with the modern-day tradition of the visiting
1255:
In other
European folklore, there are many beings similar to the nisse, such as the Scots and English
5292:
3506:
3221:
2623:
Friedman, Amy. Go San Angelo: Standard-Times. "Tell Me a story: The Tomte's New Suit (A Swedish Tale)
3057:
1538:
in Norway, started bringing the
Christmas presents in Sweden and Norway, instead of the traditional
1216:("barn gnome") in Norwegian. The tomte could also take a ship for his home, and was then known as a
389:
5357:
4634:
4291:
3783:
3743:
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3106:
2690:
2622:
2160:
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1657:
1634:. The traditional word tomte lives on in an idiom, referring to the human caretaker of a property (
504:
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2426:
2116:
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291:
99:
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1782:
1283:
2878:
2784:
1304:. Usage in folklore in expressions such as Nisse god dräng ("Nisse good lad") is suggestive of
405:
is more a
Swedish term than Norwegian. In Scania, Halland and Blekinge the Nisse also known as
5560:
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3227:
3196:
3165:
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2713:"Indigenous and popular narratives: The educational use of myths in a comparative perspective"
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442:
3159:
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2269:
702:
Norwegian folklore states that he has four fingers, and sometimes with pointed ears and eyes
555:
is also derived from the term for a place of residence and area of influence: the house lot,
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5528:
5327:
4878:
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4457:
4397:
4346:
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4123:
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2747:
2065:
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1523:
1518:
1484:
1432:
1408:
1305:
1245:
547:
283:
137:
112:
3005:
2202:
435:
5709:
5448:
5138:
5103:
5072:
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4417:
4392:
3978:
3800:
3758:
3677:
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3411:
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2767:
2735:
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2233:
1979:
1806:
1678:
1416:
703:
394:
314:
150:
146:
90:
5569:
5337:
4954:
4356:
1526:
traditions as well as the new Danish tradition, a variant of the nisse/tomte, called the
1372:
Doesn't fully account for the "santa clausification" of the nordic countries - see talk.
669:
57:
5518:
5423:
5398:
5226:
5021:
4969:
4654:
4442:
4261:
4246:
4216:
4098:
3815:
3768:
3247:
3205:
3120:
3001:
2981:
2736:""It Breathes Norwegian Life": Heritage Making at Vesterheim Norwegian-American Museum"
1800:
1616:(definite article) one is referring to the more modern version, while if one speaks of
1510:
1316:
1267:
1027:
830:
1628:(plural, definite article) one could also likely be referring to the more traditional
747:
being just shy of 60 cm or 2 ft), according to one local Swedish tradition.
644:
5688:
5538:
5347:
5342:
4833:
4649:
4402:
4351:
4336:
4128:
4028:
3810:
3192:
1770:
1734:
1667:
1514:
1450:
1257:
1233:
973:
845:
694:
5166:
4023:
3150:
1646:
to tidy up for them. A tomte stars in one of author Jan Brett's children's stories,
1336:
Little Swedish tomte homemade of cork and wool with a Christmas wish, December 2023.
5565:
5502:
5118:
5041:
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4944:
4888:
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4226:
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142:
31:
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4191:
4151:
4033:
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3888:
3795:
3568:
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3488:
3332:
1869:
1859:
1696:
The appearance traditionally ascribed to a nisse or tomte resembles that of the
1552:
1469:
1461:
1341:
1262:
1193:
1073:
905:
760:
166:
2751:
813:
5322:
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4527:
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4161:
4156:
4088:
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3928:
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3497:
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3447:
3420:
3388:
3344:
3327:
2922:
2444:
1851:
1843:
1578:
1241:
1047:
346:
46:
5261:
2759:
5602:
5467:
5006:
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4903:
4883:
4787:
4767:
4747:
4737:
4639:
4316:
4271:
4211:
4186:
4166:
4058:
4008:
3841:
3525:
3379:
3337:
3243:
2177:
1905:
1588:
1545:
1465:
1440:
872:
An angry tomte is featured in the popular children's book by Swedish author
658:
612:
543:
487:
450:
was introduced from Denmark relatively late, and that native names found in
362:
303:
228:
154:
50:
5196:
3898:
3559:
1898:
1551:
Gradually, commercialism has made him look more and more like the American
1141:
30:
This article is about the mythical creature tomte/nisse. For the band, see
3209:
2611:
Tomte: Scandinavian Christmas traditions at the American Swedish Institute
5632:
5533:
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5393:
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5373:
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5186:
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5011:
5001:
4939:
4838:
4828:
4823:
4694:
4685:
4574:
4554:
4447:
4407:
4341:
4231:
4221:
4201:
4196:
4176:
4078:
4043:
4013:
3938:
3923:
3790:
3301:
3043:
2173:
1891:
1792:
1558:
1476:
with butter for the tomte/nisse, in gratitude for the services rendered.
1473:
1291:
853:
698:
690:
686:
496:
370:
358:
174:
3252:
2835:
1497:
became the bearer of Christmas presents in Denmark, and was then called
17:
5627:
5555:
5550:
5492:
5477:
5428:
5378:
5307:
5302:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5171:
5123:
4974:
4898:
4818:
4792:
4772:
4709:
4704:
4690:
4517:
4492:
4326:
4241:
4171:
4113:
4108:
4003:
3998:
3973:
3963:
3948:
3918:
3753:
3532:
3397:
3370:
3317:
2979:. Translated by Braekstad, H. L. Peter Christen Asbjørnsen (orig. ed.).
1742:
1299:
1229:
839:
785: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
513:
426:
342:
214:
62:
3688:
2049:
2047:
2045:
365:
areas of Norway, and the tale "Tuftefolket på Sandflesa" published by
5612:
5523:
5497:
5487:
5443:
5413:
5297:
5282:
5161:
5088:
5053:
5048:
4979:
4964:
4913:
4732:
4714:
4609:
4569:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4512:
4472:
4467:
4412:
4376:
4331:
4311:
4146:
4083:
3958:
3883:
3878:
3620:
3479:
3429:
3404:
3353:
1877:
1830:
1167:
1135:
857:
679:
451:
299:
247:
2445:"The Irish Bóand-Nechtan Myth in the Light of Scandinavian Evidence"
2282:
2280:
2278:
1604:
in Swedish is now somewhat ambiguous, but often when one speaks of
5617:
5607:
5472:
5460:
5455:
5438:
5388:
5352:
5332:
5317:
5201:
5191:
5128:
5113:
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4986:
4934:
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4757:
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3968:
3908:
3719:
3520:
3513:
3461:
3365:
3322:
2297:
2295:
1775:
1478:
1439:.) The tomte is accompanied by another mythological creature: the
1331:
1323:
1315:
1276:
1023:
849:
812:
682:
668:
643:
440:(1938) believed the introduction to be as early as 13 to 14c. The
68:
56:
37:
36:
3161:
Keeping Christmas: Yuletide Traditions in Norway and the New Land
3135:. Vol. 15. University of Minnesota Press. pp. 205–274.
5408:
5287:
5176:
5031:
4996:
4808:
4644:
3629:
3550:
3024:. Translated by Iversen, Pat Shaw. University of Chicago Press.
2324:
2322:
1407:
The tradition of nisse/tomte is also associated with Christmas (
653:
620:'mound'), although the latter has become indistinguishable with
421:
is confined to the south and east" of Norway, and theorized the
69:
4671:
3864:
3692:
3256:
5545:
4236:
4093:
1978:
as 'nisse, vætte', as a thing believed to reside on the farm (
1765:
1345:
1067:
899:
860:
on the top. In an often retold story, a farmer put the butter
754:
744:
707:
3224:, Concluding Unscientific Postscript (Hong, 1992), p. 40
2078:
2076:
2074:
1966:, as Christiansen comments, but this concerns the tale "The
323:
has been translated as 'goblin', for example, in the tale "
2855:
Julbocken i folktro och jultradition (Rabén & Sjögren)
2478:
https://books.google.com/books?id=-SMRAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA13
1974:" collected by Ivar Aasen, and Aasen's dictionary glosses
976:
on the farm, hence the now somewhat archaic Swedish names
652:
According to tradition, the nisse lives in the houses and
599:
has a distinct connotation and is not synonymous with the
2823:
Biographiskt Lexicon öfver namnkunnige svenska män: R - S
1064:
Little people (mythology) § Native American folklore
542:("yard fellow") bear names that associated them with the
2592:
Keeping Swedish culture alive with St. Lucia Day, Tomte
1650:. When adapting the mainly English-language concept of
3052:. Vol. 2. Krisitiania: H. Aschehoug (W. NyGaard).
3049:
Etymologisk ordbog over det norske og det danske sprog
2469:
2467:
2465:
1943:) being in use to the north and west of regions where
1700:
figurine for outdoors, which are in turn, also called
1134:
The nisse shares many aspects with other Scandinavian
177:
during the 19th century, the nisse gained popularity.
2825:. Vol. 13. Upsala: Wahlström. 1847. p. 232.
836:
One is also expected to please nisse with gifts (see
2669:"Made in Sweden: Four Delightful Christmas Products"
2107:
2105:
2103:
5578:
5511:
5366:
5270:
5154:
5147:
5081:
4927:
4801:
4725:
4678:
4385:
4139:
3871:
3829:
3736:
3670:
3649:
3602:
3292:
165:The nisse is one of the most familiar creatures of
3127:Kvideland, Reimund; Sehmsdorf, Henning K. (1988).
2976:Round the Yule Log: Norwegian Folk and Fairy Tales
2697:(in Swedish). Wettergren & Kerber. p. 45.
2286:
379:("yard fellow") also found in the north and west.
2508:
2506:
2172:(underground folk) but also (regionally) in the
1995:Contrary to some commentators such as the writer
3164:. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press.
3072:and others in the Nynorsk Word Collection].
2496:to Chapter 4,. Citing Briggs, Katherine (1976).
844:) – a traditional gift is a bowl of porridge on
3609:
3566:
3557:
3548:
3511:
3477:
3436:
3418:
3409:
3386:
3377:
3351:
3342:
3105:Knutsen, Gunnar W.; Riisøy, Anne Irene (2007).
2779:
2777:
2555:
2121:. Vol. 8. Oslo: Fonna forlag. p. 232.
1961:
1896:
1713:
1564:
1533:
1223:
1211:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1165:
1159:
1147:
1007:
837:
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615:
606:
600:
580:
570:
537:
531:
490:
467:
459:
416:
383:
350:
336:
255:
246:is a pan-Scandinavian term. Its current use in
169:folklore, and he has appeared in many works of
2901:. G.P. Putnam's Sons Books for Young Readers.
2879:A Swedish Christmas song about Tomtar (gnomes)
2675:. Swedish Council of America: 49. Autumn 1995.
2422:
2410:
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3704:
3636:
3627:
3618:
3580:
3495:
3486:
3468:
3459:
3427:
3308:
3299:
3268:
3186:
2993:Phantoms and Fairies: From Norwegian Folklore
2853:
2847:
2706:
2704:
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2372:
2130:
2128:
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1875:
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1740:
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1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1576:
1556:
1539:
1527:
1504:
1444:
1297:
1217:
1210:("yard-spirit") in Swedish and Norwegian and
1205:
1139:
1031:
1013:
995:
989:
983:
977:
967:
884:Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige
881:
873:
825:of an angry tomte stealing hay from a farmer.
556:
550:
525:
400:
286:, H. L. Braekstad (1881) chose to substitute
173:. With the romanticisation and collection of
125:
117:
8:
3539:
3530:
3445:
3395:
3215:
3010:. Oslo: H. Aschehoug & co. (W. Nygaard).
2531:
2301:
2265:
2214:
1849:
1828:
1780:
1707:
1570:
1503:(Yule Nisse). In 1881, the Swedish magazine
1498:
1492:
1281:
1199:
1173:
1153:
1001:
579:, or has become conflated with it. Likewise
318:
78:
2836:Local.se. "Introducing... Christmas Tomte."
2580:German and Scandinavian Legendary Creatures
2353:Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts
1811:
1790:
1453:, knocking on the doors of people's homes,
1289:
1102:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1037:
934:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
499:. A conjecture has also been advanced that
5669:
5151:
4668:
3861:
3711:
3697:
3689:
3275:
3261:
3253:
2567:
2543:
2226:
2195:
2082:
2053:
294:". Brynildsen's dictionary (1927) glossed
2956:Hans Christian Andersen: European Witness
2945:(2nd ed.). Kjøbenhavn: Gyldendalske.
2931:(3 ed.). P. T. Mallings bogtrykkeri.
2717:South African Journal of Higher Education
2090:
2061:
1395:Learn how and when to remove this message
1122:Learn how and when to remove this message
972:(house lot). He had his dwellings in the
954:Learn how and when to remove this message
801:Learn how and when to remove this message
2684:
2682:
2473:
2489:
2339:
2337:
2313:
2245:
2041:
1919:
2806:Sønderjyske sagn og gamle fortællinger
1320:Swedish Christmas card featuring tomte
829:Despite his small size, nisse possess
250:into the 19th century is evidenced in
5674:List of beings referred to as fairies
2723:(3): 257–268 – via Unisa Press.
2512:
2134:
1244:, which is widespread in the area of
1198:) in all Scandinavian languages, and
409:(Godnisse, Goenisse≈the good Nisse).
136:
111:
98:
89:
7:
2087:En aftenstund i et proprietærkjøkken
1252:, in the Danish-German border area.
1100:adding citations to reliable sources
932:adding citations to reliable sources
783:adding citations to reliable sources
149:today typically associated with the
3133:Scandinavian Folk Belief and Legend
3066:o. al i dei nynorske ordsamlingane"
2785:"The Swedish Tomte – Swedish Press"
2205:", see tunkall; tuften, see Tomten.
2155:, unseen neighbor, in the majority
1583:(in Finland he is still called the
2095:An Evening in the Squire's Kitchen
446:encyclopedia was of the view that
25:
2928:Norsk ordbog med dansk forklaring
2711:Lillejord, S; Mkabela, N (2004).
2345:"9810010 Grønvik, Oddrun.. Ordet
1822:List of Lithuanian household gods
595:According to Oddrun Grønvik, the
415:remarked that the "belief in the
399:. It might also be conceded that
5730:Scandinavian legendary creatures
5668:
5659:
5658:
3593:
3111:Arv: Nordic Yearbook of Folklore
2819:"Rühs, Fredrik (Friedrich Rühs)"
2691:"Tomten och gasten (Frändefors)"
2287:Kvideland & Sehmsdorf (1988)
1350:
1072:
904:
890:The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
759:
373:in Nordland. Another synonym is
213:
189:
2942:Norske Folke- og Huldre-Eventyr
2645:. Ingebretsen's. Archived from
2643:"Legend of the Nisse and Tomte"
2384:Axel Olrik and Hans Ellekilde:
1656:having helpers (sometimes in a
1012:("mound man"), and the Finnish
1006:("house nisse"), the Norwegian
770:needs additional citations for
425:was introduced to Norway (from
309:In the English editions of the
233:Norske Folke- og Huldre-Eventyr
73:Modern vision of a nisse, 2007.
2973:Braekstad, H. L., ed. (1881).
2808:, 2019, ISBN 978-8-72-602272-8
2695:Tro, sed och sägen: folkminnen
2066:An Old-Fashioned Christmas Eve
1328:Julbocken by John Bauer (1912)
673:Nisse on Christmas Card (1885)
640:History and cultural relevance
511:and the proper cognate is the
1:
2452:Scandinavian-Canadian Studies
1673:Nisser/tomte often appear in
1591:, and in Finland he lives in
1030:warns against the worship of
706:in the dark, like those of a
685:belted at the waist and knee
2838:. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
2689:Arill, David (Autumn 1924).
2632:. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
1675:Christmas calendar TV series
988:, the Swedish and Norwegian
657:items and even maim or kill
27:Nordic mythological creature
4673:Fairy-like beings worldwide
2431:den lille/kjære slektningen
2398:Knutsen & Riisøy (2007)
2373:Knutsen & Riisøy (2007)
2270:The Tufte-Folk on Sandflesa
1741:
1666:can also correspond to the
1370:. The specific problem is:
1298:
628:, as evident from the form
413:Reidar Thoralf Christiansen
5766:
3730:Classifications of fairies
3158:Stokker, Kathleen (2000).
2937:Asbjørnsen, Peter Christen
2768:10.5406/scanstud.90.3.0350
2752:10.5406/scanstud.90.3.0350
1483:Swedish Christmas card by
1339:
1061:
325:The Goblin at the Grocer's
254:collection. The Norwegian
205:Vincent Stoltenberg Lerche
200:eating Christmas porridge.
65:, Stockholm, Sweden, 2012.
29:
5649:
4667:
3860:
3727:
3591:
2958:. Yale University Press.
2888:Retrieved 2 December 2013
2869:Retrieved 2 December 2013
2613:Retrieved 2 December 2013
2601:Retrieved 2 December 2013
2582:Retrieved 2 December 2013
2425:, pp. 129, 144–145:"
2400:, p. 51 and note 35.
2375:, p. 48 and note 28.
1757:(Spain, Hispanic America)
1684:The 2018 animated series
1000:("tomte farmer"), Danish
503:might be related to the "
474:, etc., date much older.
126:
118:
79:
61:Little girl tomte gnome,
2982:Nasjonalbiblioteket copy
2443:Sayers, William (1997).
1491:In the 1840s the farm's
1184:("(farm)yard-dweller"),
1018:(lit. "house lot man").
817:An illustration made by
49:. A common Scandinavian
5700:Christmas gift-bringers
4104:Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar
3567:
3558:
3549:
3419:
3410:
3352:
3129:"V. The Invisible Folk"
2498:A Dictionary of Fairies
2115:, ed. (1948). "Nisse".
2058:En gammeldags juleaften
2003:among the synonyms for
1897:
1192:
1148:
852:). The nisse likes his
838:
616:
536:("farm guardian"), and
491:
357:to be prevalent in the
349:noted the variant form
311:Hans Christian Andersen
171:Scandinavian literature
5586:Christmas gift-bringer
3989:Brown Man of the Muirs
3637:
3628:
3619:
3610:
3581:
3540:
3531:
3512:
3496:
3487:
3478:
3469:
3460:
3446:
3437:
3428:
3396:
3387:
3378:
3343:
3309:
3300:
3216:
3187:
2950:Binding, Paul (2014).
2854:
2848:
2804:e. g. Hans Rasmussen:
2556:Grønvik, Oddrun (1997)
2474:Falk & Torp (1906)
2430:
1983:
1962:
1884:
1876:
1850:
1829:
1812:
1791:
1781:
1751:
1737:(Scotland and England)
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1662:
1652:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1610:(definite article) or
1606:
1600:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1557:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1506:Ny Illustrerad Tidning
1505:
1499:
1493:
1488:
1449:). The pair appear on
1445:
1436:
1428:
1420:
1412:
1337:
1329:
1321:
1290:
1282:
1240:. Also related is the
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1140:
1038:
1032:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
978:
968:
896:After Christianization
882:
874:
826:
819:
674:
649:
648:Nisser on a windowsill
631:
623:
607:
601:
581:
571:
557:
551:
538:
532:
526:
468:
460:
417:
401:
384:
351:
337:
319:
256:
74:
66:
54:
4448:Nicnevin/Gyre-Carling
3954:Blue men of the Minch
3830:Abodes and structures
3285:Scandinavian folklore
3246:, poem in Swedish by
2423:Grønvik, Ottar (1997)
2411:Grønvik, Ottar (1997)
2329:Grønvik, Ottar (1997)
1482:
1335:
1327:
1319:
816:
672:
647:
72:
60:
40:
5695:Christmas characters
4859:Hopkinsville Goblins
3151:10.5749/j.ctttszpg.9
3107:"Trolls and witches"
3016:Christiansen, Reidar
3007:Norsk-engelsk ordbok
2915:General bibliography
2740:Scandinavian Studies
2673:Sweden & America
2230:Norsk-engelsk ordbok
2199:Norsk-engelsk ordbok
1598:The use of the word
1455:handing out presents
1377:improve this section
1366:to meet Knowledge's
1190:("yard-warden", see
1146:(from the Old Norse
1138:such as the Swedish
1096:improve this section
928:improve this section
779:improve this article
486:may be derived from
466:, tufte, tuftekall,
274:English translations
231:. Asbjørnsen (1896)
51:Christmas decoration
4580:Sprite/Water sprite
3744:Celtic sacred trees
3021:Folktales of Norway
2988:Bringsværd, Tor Åge
2897:Brett, Jan (2000).
2532:Christiansen (2016)
2304:, pp. 141, lc.
2302:Christiansen (2016)
2266:Christiansen (2016)
2215:Christiansen (2016)
1960:Or synonymous with
565:Additional synonyms
530:("homestead man"),
313:'s fairy tales the
262:is also equated to
5725:Norwegian folklore
5715:Holiday characters
3899:Aos Sí (Aes Sídhe)
3662:Old Norse religion
2884:2013-12-03 at the
2734:Rue, Anna (2018).
2628:2013-12-03 at the
2597:2013-12-03 at the
2386:Nordens gudeverden
1997:Tor Åge Bringsværd
1839:Legendary creature
1803:(Northern England)
1555:, but the Swedish
1489:
1338:
1330:
1322:
827:
675:
650:
341:have been seen as
113:[ˈtɔ̂mːtɛ]
75:
67:
55:
5750:Nixies (folklore)
5720:Household deities
5682:
5681:
5645:
5644:
5641:
5640:
5313:Headless Horseman
4849:Fearsome critters
4663:
4662:
3686:
3685:
3188:Vår svenska tomte
2899:Hedgie's Surprise
2568:Bringsværd (1970)
2544:Bringsværd (1970)
2359:(4): 2058, 1998,
2236:", '(hob)goblin'.
2227:Brynildsen (1927)
2196:Brynildsen (1927)
2118:Norsk allkunnebok
2083:Asbjørnsen (1896)
2054:Asbjørnsen (1896)
1914:Explanatory notes
1797:(The Netherlands)
1718:in Norwegian and
1648:Hedgie's Surprise
1405:
1404:
1397:
1368:quality standards
1359:This section may
1204:("good farmer"),
1132:
1131:
1124:
964:
963:
956:
821:Gudmund Stenersen
811:
810:
803:
575:is a synonym for
507:", but this is a
443:Norsk Allkunnebok
227:―Illustration by
203:―Illustration by
138:[ˈtontːu]
100:[ˈnɪ̂sːə]
16:(Redirected from
5757:
5740:Tutelary deities
5735:Swedish folklore
5672:
5671:
5662:
5661:
5655:
5358:Tuatha Dé Danann
5328:Jimmy Squarefoot
5152:
4874:Little green men
4669:
4635:Will-o'-the-wisp
4398:Margot the fairy
4347:Lady of the Lake
4297:Jenny Greenteeth
4292:Jack o' the bowl
4124:Queen of Elphame
3866:Attested fairies
3862:
3737:Related articles
3713:
3706:
3699:
3690:
3642:
3633:
3624:
3615:
3597:
3586:
3576:Will-o'-the-wisp
3572:
3563:
3554:
3545:
3536:
3517:
3501:
3492:
3483:
3474:
3465:
3451:
3442:
3433:
3424:
3415:
3401:
3392:
3383:
3357:
3348:
3314:
3305:
3286:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3254:
3219:
3190:
3175:
3154:
3123:via Academia.edu
3118:
3101:
3096:(in Norwegian).
3081:
3076:(in Norwegian).
3053:
3046:, eds. (1906) .
3035:
3011:
3002:Brynildsen, John
2997:
2980:
2969:
2946:
2932:
2909:
2895:
2889:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2815:
2809:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2781:
2772:
2771:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2708:
2699:
2698:
2686:
2677:
2676:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2639:
2633:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2510:
2501:
2487:
2481:
2471:
2460:
2459:
2449:
2440:
2434:
2420:
2414:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2341:
2332:
2326:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2290:
2284:
2273:
2263:
2257:
2243:
2237:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2171:
2147:
2132:
2123:
2122:
2109:
2098:
2091:Braekstad (1881)
2089:", pp. 263–284;
2080:
2069:
2062:Braekstad (1881)
2051:
2025:
2014:
2008:
1993:
1987:
1965:
1958:
1952:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1902:
1887:
1881:
1855:
1834:
1817:
1796:
1786:
1756:
1746:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1665:
1655:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1582:
1575:and the Finnish
1574:
1568:
1563:, the Norwegian
1562:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1524:Father Christmas
1508:
1502:
1496:
1448:
1400:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1380:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1306:Robin Goodfellow
1303:
1295:
1287:
1246:Southern Jutland
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1127:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1107:
1076:
1068:
1058:Similar folklore
1041:
1036:, "tomte gods" (
1035:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
987:
981:
971:
959:
952:
948:
945:
939:
908:
900:
887:
879:
843:
831:immense strength
824:
806:
799:
795:
792:
786:
763:
755:
724:
704:reflecting light
634:
626:
619:
610:
604:
586:
574:
560:
554:
541:
535:
529:
494:
473:
465:
439:
420:
404:
398:
387:
382:Thus ostensibly
369:is localized in
356:
340:
322:
284:household spirit
261:
235:
217:
208:
193:
140:
135:
131:
130:
123:
122:
115:
110:
102:
97:
93:
91:[ˈne̝sə]
88:
84:
83:
21:
5765:
5764:
5760:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5755:
5754:
5745:Winter solstice
5705:Danish folklore
5685:
5684:
5683:
5678:
5653:
5637:
5574:
5507:
5449:Enchanted Moura
5362:
5266:
5143:
5139:Yara-ma-yha-who
5077:
5073:Zashiki warashi
4923:
4797:
4721:
4674:
4659:
4418:Mooinjer veggey
4381:
4287:Jack-o'-lantern
4252:Heinzelmännchen
4135:
3867:
3856:
3825:
3801:Household deity
3759:Fairy godmother
3732:
3723:
3717:
3687:
3682:
3678:Danish folklore
3666:
3657:Norse mythology
3645:
3598:
3589:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3240:
3232:Astrid Lindgren
3183:
3181:Related reading
3178:
3172:
3157:
3143:
3126:
3104:
3084:
3058:Grønvik, Oddrun
3056:
3038:
3032:
3018:, ed. (2016) .
3014:
3000:
2986:
2972:
2966:
2949:
2935:
2921:
2917:
2912:
2896:
2892:
2886:Wayback Machine
2877:
2873:
2865:
2861:
2846:
2842:
2834:
2830:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2803:
2799:
2790:
2788:
2783:
2782:
2775:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2710:
2709:
2702:
2688:
2687:
2680:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2652:
2650:
2649:on June 5, 2019
2641:
2640:
2636:
2630:Wayback Machine
2621:
2617:
2609:
2605:
2599:Wayback Machine
2590:
2586:
2578:
2574:
2566:
2562:
2554:
2550:
2542:
2538:
2530:
2526:
2511:
2504:
2488:
2484:
2472:
2463:
2447:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2421:
2417:
2409:Also quoted in
2408:
2404:
2396:
2392:
2383:
2379:
2371:
2367:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2327:
2320:
2312:
2308:
2300:
2293:
2285:
2276:
2264:
2260:
2244:
2240:
2225:
2221:
2213:
2209:
2194:
2190:
2183:
2165:
2145:
2133:
2126:
2111:
2110:
2101:
2097:". pp. 248–268.
2081:
2072:
2052:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2028:
2015:
2011:
1994:
1990:
1959:
1955:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1807:Household deity
1783:Heinzelmännchen
1730:
1694:
1401:
1390:
1384:
1381:
1374:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1314:
1284:Heinzelmännchen
1128:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1093:
1077:
1066:
1060:
960:
949:
943:
940:
925:
909:
898:
807:
796:
790:
787:
776:
764:
753:
722:
716:
667:
642:
567:
480:
433:
392:
333:
278:While the term
276:
240:
239:
238:
237:
236:
226:
225:
218:
210:
209:
202:
201:
194:
183:
151:winter solstice
147:Nordic folklore
133:
108:
95:
86:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5763:
5761:
5753:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5687:
5686:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5676:
5666:
5656:
5650:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5599:
5598:
5593:
5582:
5580:
5579:Cross-regional
5576:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5536:
5526:
5521:
5519:Dames blanches
5515:
5513:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5464:
5463:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5424:Kallikantzaros
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5399:Doñas de fuera
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5370:
5368:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5274:
5272:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5158:
5156:
5149:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5085:
5083:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5051:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5022:Mrenh kongveal
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4983:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4931:
4929:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4805:
4803:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4702:
4697:
4688:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4675:
4672:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4655:Yan-gant-y-tan
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4443:Nelly Longarms
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4389:
4387:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4247:The Hedley Kow
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4217:Gwragedd Annwn
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3816:Tutelary deity
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3776:
3771:
3769:Fairy painting
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3693:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3634:
3625:
3616:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3583:Ysätters-Kajsa
3578:
3573:
3564:
3555:
3546:
3537:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3509:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3493:
3484:
3475:
3457:
3452:
3443:
3434:
3425:
3416:
3407:
3402:
3393:
3384:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3363:
3358:
3349:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3306:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3248:Viktor Rydberg
3239:
3238:External links
3236:
3235:
3234:
3225:
3213:
3206:Viktor Rydberg
3203:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3170:
3155:
3141:
3124:
3102:
3086:Grønvik, Ottar
3082:
3068:[The Word
3054:
3036:
3030:
3012:
3004:, ed. (1927).
2998:
2996:. Oslo: Tanum.
2984:
2970:
2964:
2947:
2939:, ed. (1896).
2933:
2925:, ed. (1873).
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2907:978-0399234774
2890:
2871:
2859:
2840:
2828:
2810:
2797:
2773:
2746:(3): 350–375.
2726:
2700:
2678:
2660:
2634:
2615:
2603:
2584:
2572:
2560:
2558:, p. 154.
2548:
2536:
2534:, p. 143.
2524:
2502:
2490:Binding (2014)
2482:
2461:
2435:
2415:
2402:
2390:
2377:
2365:
2333:
2331:, p. 154.
2318:
2314:Stokker (2000)
2306:
2291:
2289:, p. 238.
2274:
2258:
2246:Binding (2014)
2238:
2219:
2217:, p. 137.
2207:
2188:
2159:(elf-folk) or
2124:
2113:Sudman, Arnulv
2099:
2070:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2009:
1988:
1953:
1928:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1903:
1894:
1889:
1873:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1847:
1841:
1836:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1804:
1798:
1788:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1748:
1738:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1721:puutarhatonttu
1703:trädgårdstomte
1693:
1690:
1532:in Sweden and
1511:Viktor Rydberg
1403:
1402:
1358:
1356:
1349:
1313:
1310:
1296:or the Slavic
1130:
1129:
1080:
1078:
1071:
1059:
1056:
1028:Saint Birgitta
962:
961:
912:
910:
903:
897:
894:
876:Selma Lagerlöf
856:with a pat of
809:
808:
767:
765:
758:
752:
749:
733:) were just 1
715:
712:
666:
663:
641:
638:
593:
592:
587:is a synonym.
566:
563:
479:
476:
390:Oddrun Grønvik
335:Forms such as
332:
329:
275:
272:
224:as stable-boy.
219:
212:
211:
195:
188:
187:
186:
185:
184:
182:
179:
145:creature from
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5762:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5692:
5690:
5675:
5667:
5665:
5657:
5652:
5651:
5648:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5597:
5596:Companions of
5594:
5592:
5589:
5588:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5577:
5571:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5540:
5539:King Goldemar
5537:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5510:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5462:
5459:
5458:
5457:
5454:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5365:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5348:Pictish Beast
5346:
5344:
5343:Morgan Le Fay
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5153:
5150:
5146:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4926:
4920:
4919:Yunwi Tsunsdi
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4834:Christmas elf
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4800:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4700:Little people
4698:
4696:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4670:
4666:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4650:Yallery Brown
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4352:Lazy Laurence
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4337:Klabautermann
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4282:Iannic-ann-ôd
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3811:Nature spirit
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3714:
3709:
3707:
3702:
3700:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3596:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3441:
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3408:
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3319:
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3307:
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3298:
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3291:
3287:
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3255:
3249:
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3242:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3201:91-27-05573-6
3198:
3194:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3173:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3142:9780816615032
3138:
3134:
3130:
3125:
3122:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3065:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3041:
3040:Falk, Hjalmar
3037:
3033:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2943:
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2934:
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2919:
2914:
2908:
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2900:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2849:Schager Karin
2844:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2730:
2727:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2549:
2546:, p. 89.
2545:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2416:
2413:, p. 130
2412:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2348:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2316:, p. 54.
2315:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2272:". pp. 61–66.
2271:
2267:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2250:Chapter 9, §6
2247:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2192:
2189:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2162:underjordiske
2158:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2060:", pp. 1–19;
2059:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2031:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1999:who includes
1998:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1970:Beats up the
1969:
1964:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1771:Christmas elf
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1699:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1668:Christmas elf
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1573:
1569:, the Danish
1567:
1561:
1560:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1519:Jenny Nyström
1516:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1487:, circa 1899.
1486:
1485:Jenny Nyström
1481:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1451:Christmas Eve
1447:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1399:
1396:
1388:
1385:December 2016
1378:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1334:
1326:
1318:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1294:
1293:
1286:
1285:
1280:, the German
1279:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1137:
1126:
1123:
1115:
1112:November 2016
1105:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1081:This section
1079:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
980:
975:
974:burial mounds
970:
958:
955:
947:
944:November 2016
937:
933:
929:
923:
922:
918:
913:This section
911:
907:
902:
901:
895:
893:
891:
886:
885:
878:
877:
870:
866:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
846:Christmas Eve
842:
841:
834:
832:
823:
822:
815:
805:
802:
794:
784:
780:
774:
773:
768:This section
766:
762:
757:
756:
750:
748:
746:
742:
738:
737:
732:
728:
721:
713:
711:
709:
705:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
681:
671:
664:
662:
660:
655:
646:
639:
637:
635:
633:
627:
625:
618:
614:
609:
603:
598:
591:Near synonyms
590:
589:
588:
585:
584:
578:
573:
564:
562:
559:
553:
549:
545:
540:
534:
528:
522:
520:
516:
515:
510:
506:
502:
498:
493:
489:
485:
477:
475:
472:
471:
464:
463:
457:
453:
449:
445:
444:
437:
432:
428:
424:
419:
414:
410:
408:
403:
396:
391:
386:
380:
378:
377:
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
354:
348:
344:
339:
330:
328:
326:
321:
316:
312:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
273:
271:
269:
265:
260:
259:
253:
249:
245:
234:
230:
223:
216:
206:
199:
192:
180:
178:
176:
172:
168:
163:
161:
156:
152:
148:
144:
139:
129:
121:
114:
106:
101:
92:
82:
71:
64:
59:
52:
48:
44:
39:
33:
19:
5570:Weiße Frauen
5566:Witte Wieven
5338:Menninkäinen
5119:Patupaiarehe
5042:Hungry ghost
5027:Orang bunian
4945:Fallen angel
4889:Nordic alien
4625:Wicked fairy
4565:Sleih beggey
4452:
4367:Lubber fiend
4357:Leanan sídhe
4302:Joan the Wad
4267:Hobbididance
4227:Gwyn ap Nudd
3944:Bloody Bones
3914:Baobhan sith
3904:Arkan Sonney
3821:Water spirit
3806:Hungry grass
3774:Fairy riding
3438:
3160:
3132:
3114:
3110:
3097:
3094:Mål og Minne
3093:
3077:
3074:Mål og Minne
3073:
3069:
3063:
3048:
3020:
3006:
2992:
2975:
2955:
2941:
2927:
2898:
2893:
2874:
2862:
2843:
2831:
2822:
2813:
2805:
2800:
2789:. Retrieved
2787:. 2018-12-22
2743:
2739:
2729:
2720:
2716:
2694:
2672:
2663:
2651:. Retrieved
2647:the original
2637:
2618:
2606:
2587:
2575:
2563:
2551:
2539:
2527:
2516:Norsk ordbog
2515:
2513:Aasen (1873)
2497:
2485:
2455:
2451:
2438:
2418:
2405:
2393:
2385:
2380:
2368:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2346:
2309:
2261:
2241:
2229:
2222:
2210:
2198:
2191:
2180:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2138:Norsk ordbog
2137:
2135:Aasen (1873)
2117:
2068:". pp. 1–18.
2021:
2017:
2012:
2004:
2000:
1991:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1922:
1724:in Finnish.
1706:in Swedish,
1698:garden gnome
1695:
1692:Garden gnome
1683:
1672:
1647:
1622:(plural) or
1597:
1584:
1550:
1490:
1459:
1421:Julenisserne
1406:
1391:
1382:
1375:Please help
1371:
1360:
1312:Modern Nisse
1288:, the Dutch
1275:
1273:West Country
1266:
1263:Northumbrian
1256:
1254:
1237:
1158:, Norwegian
1133:
1118:
1109:
1094:Please help
1082:
1052:Inquisitions
1044:
1039:Revelationes
1033:tompta gudhi
1020:
965:
950:
941:
926:Please help
914:
889:
871:
867:
861:
835:
828:
797:
788:
777:Please help
772:verification
769:
740:
734:
730:
726:
719:
717:
695:shapeshifter
676:
651:
629:
621:
596:
594:
582:
576:
568:
523:
518:
512:
509:water sprite
500:
483:
481:
469:
461:
455:
447:
441:
431:Emil Birkeli
422:
411:
406:
381:
375:
374:
352:
334:
308:
295:
287:
279:
277:
267:
263:
257:
252:Asbjørnsen's
243:
241:
232:
221:
197:
167:Scandinavian
164:
160:garden gnome
143:mythological
127:
119:
104:
80:
76:
42:
32:Tomte (band)
5591:Santa Claus
5419:Hippocampus
5109:Muldjewangk
4970:Inari Ōkami
4620:Water horse
4605:Tylwyth Teg
4595:Tooth fairy
4483:Pillywiggin
4433:Moss people
4403:Meg Mullach
4307:Joint-eater
4192:Ghillie Dhu
4152:Fairy Queen
3934:Billy Blind
3889:Alp Luachra
3796:Genius loci
3722:in folklore
3639:Påskkärring
3333:Church grim
3222:Kierkegaard
2923:Aasen, Ivar
2166: [
1860:Santa Claus
1712:in Danish,
1553:Santa Claus
1470:Scandinavia
1462:Santa Claus
1437:Joulutonttu
1379:if you can.
1342:Santa Claus
1238:saunatonttu
1219:skeppstomte
1050:during the
1015:tonttu-ukko
751:Temperament
743:or Swedish
561:(Finnish).
434: [
393: [
181:Terminology
5689:Categories
5623:Salamander
5323:Jack Frost
4955:Hồ ly tinh
4950:Fox spirit
4854:Grey alien
4814:Anchimayen
4615:Water bull
4560:Shellycoat
4478:Peg Powler
4463:Nuckelavee
4438:Nain Rouge
4362:Leprechaun
4257:Hinzelmann
4162:Fear gorta
4157:Fear dearg
4129:Svartálfar
4089:Each-uisge
4049:Colt pixie
4039:Clurichaun
4029:Ceffyl Dŵr
3929:Bean nighe
3852:Fairy ring
3847:Fairy path
3837:Fairy fort
3779:Fairy tale
3764:Fairy-lock
3749:Changeling
3612:Askeladden
3421:Marmennill
3389:Gjenganger
3345:Deildegast
3328:Changeling
3228:The Tomten
3212:in English
3210:The Tomten
3193:Ebbe Schön
3171:0873513894
3100:: 129–148.
3080:: 149–156.
3031:022637520X
2965:0300206151
2952:"4. O. T."
2791:2024-03-16
2494:endnote 23
2254:endnote 95
2032:References
1844:Leprechaun
1663:tomtenisse
1579:joulupukki
1509:published
1468:symbol in
1429:Julenissen
1340:See also:
1225:skibsnisse
1152:), Danish
1062:See also:
1048:witchcraft
997:tomtebonde
991:tomtegubbe
979:tomtenisse
862:underneath
791:March 2024
665:Appearance
611:(from the
608:haugebonde
569:Norwegian
517:, not the
462:tomtegubbe
367:Asbjørnsen
120:tomtenisse
96:Norwegian:
47:salt dough
43:tomtenisse
5603:Elemental
5293:Black dog
5007:Korpokkur
4960:Huli jing
4904:Pukwudgie
4884:Nimerigar
4844:Encantado
4788:Tikoloshe
4768:Mami Wata
4748:Bultungin
4738:Asanbosam
4679:Worldwide
4640:Wirry-cow
4493:Púca/Pwca
4428:Morvarc'h
4317:Kilmoulis
4272:Hobgoblin
4212:Grindylow
4187:Gancanagh
4167:Fenodyree
4119:Huldufólk
4059:Cyhyraeth
4009:Bugul Noz
3842:Fairyland
3526:Troll cat
3380:Fossegrim
3338:Cyprianus
3311:Bäckahäst
3044:Torp, Alf
2760:0036-5637
2427:Norwegian
2203:tuftekall
2181:tuftefolk
2178:Trondheim
2037:Citations
1908:(Iceland)
1906:Yule Lads
1888:(Finland)
1872:(Romania)
1846:(Ireland)
1835:(Germany)
1787:(Germany)
1715:hagenisse
1709:havenisse
1637:hustomten
1607:jultomten
1589:Greenland
1585:Yule Goat
1566:julenisse
1546:Yule Goat
1535:julenisse
1513:'s poem "
1500:julenisse
1466:Christmas
1446:Julbocken
1441:Yule goat
1425:Norwegian
1413:Jultomten
1250:Schleswig
1213:fjøsnisse
1201:god bonde
1178:includes
1083:does not
985:tomtekarl
915:does not
739:tall (an
699:Cyclopean
691:stockings
659:livestock
613:Old Norse
544:farmstead
488:Old Norse
482:The term
478:Etymology
363:Trondheim
353:tuftekall
304:hobgoblin
242:The word
229:Hans Gude
155:Christmas
5664:Category
5654:See also
5633:Wild man
5534:Alberich
5404:Farfadet
5394:Dionysus
5384:Cercopes
5374:Basajaun
5367:Southern
5278:Aitvaras
5271:Northern
5257:Vodyanoy
5252:Vântoase
5242:Vadleany
5237:Ursitory
5232:Spiriduș
5227:Sânziană
5187:Kikimora
5182:Karzełek
5134:Wandjina
5099:Menehune
5058:Yakshini
5012:Mazzikin
5002:Kijimuna
4940:Dokkaebi
4894:Nûñnë'hï
4839:Curupira
4829:Chaneque
4824:Canotila
4802:Americas
4695:Succubus
4686:Bogeyman
4575:Spriggan
4555:Seonaidh
4408:Melusine
4342:Korrigan
4232:Habetrot
4222:Gwyllion
4202:Glashtyn
4197:Glaistig
4177:Finvarra
4079:Dullahan
4044:Coblynau
4034:Clíodhna
4019:Cat sìth
4014:Caoineag
3924:Barghest
3791:Familiar
3671:See also
3542:Vardøger
3302:Askafroa
3244:"Tomten"
3195:(1996),
3121:pdf text
3117:: 31–70.
3090:"Nissen"
3088:(1997).
3060:(1997).
2990:(1970).
2882:Archived
2626:Archived
2595:Archived
2520:gardvord
2476:s. v. "[
2388:, p. 294
2174:Nordland
2157:ellefolk
2016:While a
1976:gardvord
1968:Gardvord
1892:Tudigong
1870:Spiriduș
1793:Kabouter
1747:(Slavic)
1728:See also
1658:workshop
1643:hustomte
1625:tomtarna
1572:julemand
1559:jultomte
1529:jultomte
1474:porridge
1361:require
1292:kabouter
1265:English
1187:gardvord
1009:haugkall
1003:husnisse
854:porridge
731:tomtarna
687:breeches
632:haugtuss
602:haugkall
572:gardvord
533:gardvord
497:Nicholas
470:gardvord
454:such as
407:goanisse
359:Nordland
331:Dialects
175:folklore
153:and the
134:Finnish:
109:Swedish:
45:made of
18:Jultomte
5628:Sandman
5556:Perchta
5551:Lorelei
5512:Western
5493:Thiasus
5478:Silenus
5429:Kobalos
5379:Centaur
5308:Haltija
5303:Gremlin
5222:Rusalka
5217:Psotnik
5212:Polevik
5207:Ovinnik
5172:Domovoy
5167:Căpcăun
5155:Eastern
5124:Taniwha
5082:Oceania
4975:Kitsune
4899:Pombero
4864:Ishigaq
4819:Caipora
4793:Yumboes
4773:Obayifo
4710:Mermaid
4705:Merfolk
4691:Incubus
4528:Skogsrå
4518:Radande
4508:Bergsrå
4327:Knucker
4322:Knocker
4277:Hödekin
4242:Haltija
4207:Groac'h
4172:Finfolk
4114:Erlking
4109:Elegast
4074:Duergar
4024:Cù Sìth
4004:Bugbear
3999:Buggane
3984:Brownie
3974:Boobrie
3964:Boggart
3949:Bluecap
3919:Banshee
3754:Elfshot
3720:Fairies
3650:Origins
3533:Valravn
3498:Skogsrå
3471:Bergsrå
3448:Nis Puk
3398:Helhest
3371:Erlking
3062:"Ordet
2852:(1989)
2653:June 1,
2480:nisse".
2349:, etc."
1963:tunkall
1885:Haltija
1852:Nis Puk
1818:(Roman)
1743:Domovoi
1735:Brownie
1593:Lapland
1541:julbock
1433:Finnish
1409:Swedish
1363:cleanup
1300:domovoi
1258:brownie
1242:Nis Puk
1230:Finland
1207:gårdsrå
1104:removed
1089:sources
936:removed
921:sources
583:turvord
548:Finnish
539:tunkall
427:Denmark
376:tunkall
343:dialect
292:brownie
141:) is a
87:Danish:
63:Skansen
53:, 2004.
5710:Gnomes
5613:Goblin
5561:Vittra
5524:Dusios
5498:Trenti
5488:Squasc
5434:Lamina
5414:Hecate
5298:Gabija
5283:Ajatar
5197:Lidérc
5162:Bannik
5148:Europe
5094:Manaia
5089:Bunyip
5054:Yaksha
5049:Tennin
5017:Mogwai
4980:Kumiho
4965:Huxian
4935:Diwata
4914:Trauco
4733:Abatwa
4726:Africa
4715:Merman
4610:Undine
4570:Sluagh
4550:Selkie
4545:Sebile
4540:Schrat
4535:Redcap
4513:Hulder
4473:Oberon
4468:Nuggle
4423:Morgen
4413:Merrow
4377:Ly Erg
4332:Kobold
4312:Kelpie
4147:Fachan
4084:Dunnie
4069:Duende
3959:Bodach
3894:Anjana
3884:Aibell
3879:Adhene
3621:Blenda
3603:People
3560:Vættir
3514:Skrømt
3480:Hulder
3430:Myling
3405:Kraken
3354:Draugr
3293:Beings
3199:
3168:
3149:
3139:
3028:
2962:
2905:
2766:
2758:
2518:s.v. "
2347:nisset
2234:2nisse
2232:s.v. "
2201:s.v. "
2140:s.v. "
2020:was 2
1980:Danish
1899:Vættir
1878:Tonttu
1865:Sprite
1831:Kobold
1753:Duende
1653:tomten
1631:tomtar
1619:tomtar
1613:tomten
1515:Tomten
1417:Danish
1236:has a
1232:, the
1181:gårdbo
1168:tusser
1161:vetter
1155:vætter
1142:vättar
1136:wights
858:butter
714:Height
680:woolen
558:tontti
552:tonttu
546:. The
452:Norway
315:Danish
302:' or '
300:goblin
290:with "
248:Norway
128:tonttu
5618:Gnome
5608:Fates
5529:Dwarf
5483:Siren
5473:Satyr
5456:Nymph
5444:Mouro
5439:Mairu
5389:Circe
5353:Troll
5333:Lauma
5318:Hiisi
5247:Vâlvă
5202:Likho
5192:Leshy
5129:Tipua
5114:Nawao
5104:Mimis
5068:Yōsei
5063:Yōkai
5037:Preta
4992:Irshi
4987:Hyang
4869:Jogah
4783:Simbi
4778:Rompo
4763:Kishi
4758:Jengu
4753:Eloko
4743:Aziza
4630:Wight
4590:Tomte
4585:Sylph
4523:Sjörå
4488:Pixie
4458:Nixie
4453:Nisse
4372:Lutin
4182:Fuath
4064:Drude
4054:Crone
3994:Bucca
3969:Bogle
3939:Biróg
3909:Asrai
3569:Vǫrðr
3551:Vargr
3521:Troll
3507:Selma
3489:Sjörå
3439:Nisse
3361:Dwarf
3323:Bysen
3230:, by
3217:nisse
3147:JSTOR
3070:nisse
3064:nisse
2867:Lucia
2764:JSTOR
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2022:alnar
2018:gaste
2005:nisse
2001:tusse
1972:Troll
1949:gubbe
1945:tomte
1937:tufte
1814:Lares
1776:Gnome
1761:Dwarf
1686:Hilda
1679:magic
1601:tomte
1494:nisse
1277:pixie
1234:sauna
1228:. In
1194:vörðr
1175:nisse
1149:vættr
1024:Devil
850:troll
729:(pl.
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720:Tomte
689:with
683:tunic
654:barns
617:haugr
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577:nisse
527:tomte
519:nisse
505:nixie
501:nisse
492:niðsi
484:nisse
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347:Aasen
338:tufte
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317:word
296:nisse
288:nisse
280:nisse
268:tomte
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258:tufte
244:nisse
222:nisse
198:nisse
124:, or
105:tomte
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5503:Vila
5461:List
5409:Faun
5288:Badb
5262:Zână
5177:Iele
5032:Peri
4997:Jinn
4928:Asia
4909:Saci
4879:Muki
4809:Alux
4645:Xana
4600:Trow
4498:Puck
4393:Mare
3979:Brag
3784:List
3630:Disa
3455:Neck
3412:Mara
3318:Bøyg
3197:ISBN
3166:ISBN
3137:ISBN
3026:ISBN
2960:ISBN
2903:ISBN
2756:ISSN
2655:2019
2252:and
2176:and
1984:gård
1941:kall
1087:any
1085:cite
994:and
982:and
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919:any
917:cite
840:Blót
718:The
624:tuss
524:The
514:nøkk
361:and
298:as '
5546:Imp
5468:Pan
4386:M–Z
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3872:A–E
3366:Elf
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