1034:
190:
1033:
967:
575:
522:
805:
1020:
Dissatisfaction with
Asfandiyar’s policy greatly increased in Khiva and in the spring of 1918, Junaid Khan organized a military coup, which overthrew and put to death Asfandiyar. Later he seized power for himself almost without resistance. An uncle of Asfandiyar Khan, Sayyid Abdullah became a new
189:
885:, Muhammet Gurban was the son of a tribal chieftain Khojibay, after whose death he assumed the leadership of the tribe. Gaining authority during the Turkmen uprisings of 1912-1916, Junaid was granted enormous power within the Khanate by the then
1004:
In
January 1918, Asfandiyar Khan appointed Muhammet-Kurban as the commander of the armed forces of the Khanate, bestowing on him the title "Serdar-Karim" ("noble commander"). After Zaitsev's detachment from Khiva recaptured
1024:
Having defeated and expelled by mid-September 1918 his main adversaries in the
Khanate – the Turkmen leaders of Koshmammet Khan, Gulam-ali, Shamyrat-Bakhshi – Muhammed-Kurban actually became the ruler of Khiva.
992:
893:, who sought to lessen the growing Turkmen threat. However, after a short period of time Junaid arranged Isfandiyar's assassination and later enthroned the murdered Khan's uncle
952:) tribe of Junaids and a wealthy man. Muhammet-Kurban himself, despite his illiteracy, also enjoyed relevant authority among his tribesmen, which allowed him to become first
550:
1067:
By early
February 1920, the Khivan army under Junaid Khan was completely defeated. On 2 February 1920, Khiva's last Khan, Sayyid Abdullah, abdicated and a short-lived
833:
443:
219:
1302:
786:
702:
347:
790:
1102:, as well as to accumulate wealth. Though initially some of his battles were successful, he lost the most important ones and finally fled first to
1292:
543:
750:
1149:
1068:
1050:
826:
745:
507:
448:
1071:(later the Khorezm SSR) was created out of the territory of the old Khanate of Khiva, before it was finally incorporated into the
1312:
1139:
998:
536:
169:
755:
819:
662:
900:
Disillusioned with his ineffective policies that ultimately led to a new revolt, a number of influential leaders of other
1218:
779:
1014:
657:
1225:
1297:
944:
Born in 1857 (according to other sources in 1862), Junaid Khan was the son of
Khojibay, a powerful leader of the
1017:, the Junaid Khan's detachment, numbering about 1,600 horsemen, became the main military force in the Khanate.
920:. In 1919, under the pretext of assisting rebels, Bolsheviks invaded the Khanate and soon captured its capital
647:
1307:
987:
438:
428:
400:
327:
292:
259:
204:
178:
1107:
642:
244:
103:
760:
735:
566:
1209:
After the original flag on display in the museum of Khiva. Described by J. Renault and H. Calvarin,
1091:
1054:
687:
526:
502:
433:
1037:
Operation to liquidate the remnants of
Dzhunaid Khan's gangs in the Kara-Kum desert. May-June 1928
1046:
917:
740:
697:
692:
390:
342:
297:
274:
966:
1164:
929:
913:
809:
672:
667:
307:
302:
234:
1268:
1263:
1154:
1134:
1087:
875:
850:
707:
492:
385:
352:
317:
264:
86:
39:
1277:
1229:
1129:
1058:
979:
890:
312:
249:
239:
574:
1144:
1124:
1062:
983:
925:
901:
894:
712:
677:
367:
322:
60:
1286:
1241:
Rafis Abazov, "Historical
Dictionary of Turkmenistan", The Spacecrow Press, Inc, 2005
975:
717:
591:
405:
337:
254:
229:
1214:
1200:
Shoshana Keller. "To Moscow, Not Mecca", Greenwood
Publishing Group, 2001, p. 34-35
1099:
1095:
1072:
933:
886:
867:
487:
453:
395:
362:
1274:
Map of the
Khanates of Bukhara, Khiva, and Khokand and Part of Russian Turkistan
1076:
619:
982:, Muhammet-Kurban Serdar arrived to the capital. By uniting previously warring
1042:
1010:
978:, who had advocated reform and wished to limit the power of the Khan of Khiva
909:
682:
652:
410:
332:
224:
214:
1080:
596:
357:
269:
1098:, to recapture lost territories of the Khanate during the years as Russian
1086:
Junaid Khan later waged numerous wars for several years with the emerging
897:
as a puppet ruler, while himself becoming the real master of the
Khanate.
1006:
949:
864:
497:
482:
472:
82:
1222:
1065:
joined forces with the Bolsheviks at the end of 1919 to depose the Khan.
1232:, "The flag of the Khivan Khanate in the pre-Soviet period is unknown."
1159:
624:
151:
573:
1103:
905:
614:
477:
209:
1273:
1119:
1032:
970:
Flag used by the Khanate of Khiva during the civil war (1917–1922)
965:
945:
921:
882:
113:
99:
974:
In September 1917, after the overthrow of the government of the
953:
1001:, he became one of the most influential people in the Khanate.
956:(judge) in the village, and later a water distributor (mirab).
1250:"History of Civilizations of Central Asia", Volume IV, p. 319
1075:
in 1924. The former Khanate was divided between the new
928:
with the remnants of his troops from where he organized
870:
who became the Chief of the Armed Forces and later the
1094:
for different reasons: to keep Khiva independent from
1213:# 5/51 (April 1997), cited after Ivan Sache on the
147:
139:
134:
120:
109:
92:
75:
70:
56:
34:
23:
997:, the head of the detachment sent to Khiva by the
1264:"Russian Invasion (the end of the XIX century)"
1221:(FOTW). According to David Straub (1996) on
986:and establishing close relations with Colonel
858:
827:
544:
8:
401:Turkmenistan in the 16th and 17th centuries
834:
820:
562:
551:
537:
163:
20:
16:Turkmen leader of Khiva from 1918 to 1920
1090:and later with constituent republics of
1190:
565:
177:
166:
1196:
1194:
7:
1053:against the Boshevik stronghold in
429:Russian conquest and the Great Game
52:March 1918 – February 1920
1303:Central Asia in the Russian Empire
1110:where he eventually died in 1938.
14:
912:, who were gaining a foothold in
751:Bukharan People's Soviet Republic
1150:Khorezm People's Soviet Republic
1140:Russian conquest of Central Asia
1069:Khorezm People's Soviet Republic
999:Provisional Government of Russia
803:
746:Khorezm People's Soviet Republic
520:
439:October Revolution and Civil War
188:
881:Born into the Turkmen tribe of
756:Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
1:
976:Young (revolutionary) Khivans
1269:"The dramatic end of Khiva"
1015:Left Social Revolutionaries
908:population appealed to the
154:, Chief of the Armed forces
1329:
1293:People from Daşoguz Region
863:); (b.1857/62–1938) was a
466:Related historical regions
1029:Clashes with the Red Army
158:
66:
45:
30:
1228:27 February 2011 at the
1045:seizure of power in the
1313:Russian anti-communists
527:Turkmenistan portal
1038:
971:
960:Rise to power in Khiva
874:and last ruler of the
859:
854:
578:
245:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
1036:
969:
940:Biography before 1917
924:. Junaid fled to the
810:Uzbekistan portal
577:
567:History of Uzbekistan
140:Years of service
1176:D. M. Abdullahanov:
380:Early modern history
96:1938 (aged 76 or 81)
38:(last) ruler of the
1092:Soviet Central Asia
1055:Petro-Aleksandrovsk
688:Kara-Khanid Khanate
434:Transcaspian Oblast
1219:Flags of the World
1047:October Revolution
1039:
972:
918:October Revolution
741:Emirate of Bukhara
698:Khwarazmian Empire
693:Anushtegin dynasty
579:
454:After Independence
391:Emirate of Bukhara
298:Rashidun Caliphate
275:Hephthalite Empire
1165:Basmachi movement
1063:Turkmen tribesmen
930:active resistance
914:Russian Turkestan
844:
843:
673:Abbasid Caliphate
668:Umayyad Caliphate
658:Tang Protectorate
561:
560:
235:Achaemenid Empire
220:Oxus civilization
162:
161:
127:Khojibay (father)
1320:
1298:Khanate of Khiva
1251:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1233:
1211:Franciae Vexilla
1207:
1201:
1198:
1180:, Tashkent 2009.
1155:Soviet Turkestan
1135:Khanate of Khiva
1088:Soviet Turkestan
1059:anti-monarchists
996:
932:to the emerging
876:Khanate of Khiva
862:
836:
829:
822:
808:
807:
806:
643:Turkic Khaganate
637:Medieval history
563:
553:
546:
539:
525:
524:
523:
493:Greater Khorasan
449:Turkmenistan SSR
386:Khanate of Khiva
353:Chagatai Khanate
338:Seljuk Turkomans
333:Ghaznavid Empire
270:Kidarite Kingdom
265:Sassanian Empire
250:Parthian dynasty
192:
182:
164:
135:Military service
87:Khanate of Khiva
71:Personal details
50:
40:State of Khorezm
21:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1283:
1282:
1278:Eugene Schuyler
1260:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1230:Wayback Machine
1208:
1204:
1199:
1192:
1187:
1173:
1130:Asfandiyar Khan
1116:
1066:
1049:, and Junaid's
1041:After the 1917
1031:
1021:(puppet) Khan.
990:
980:Asfandiyar Khan
962:
942:
860:Muhammet Gurban
840:
804:
802:
797:
796:
774:
766:
765:
731:
723:
722:
703:Mongol conquest
663:Muslim conquest
638:
630:
629:
610:
602:
601:
587:
557:
521:
519:
514:
513:
512:
467:
459:
458:
424:
416:
415:
381:
373:
372:
348:Mongol conquest
328:Oghuz Turkomans
288:
280:
279:
240:Seleucid Empire
205:Ancient history
200:
180:
173:
130:
97:
80:
51:
46:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1326:
1324:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1308:Lists of khans
1305:
1300:
1295:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1271:
1266:
1259:
1258:External links
1256:
1253:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1202:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1145:The Great Game
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1115:
1112:
1030:
1027:
984:Turkmen tribes
961:
958:
941:
938:
926:Karakum Desert
902:Turkmen tribes
895:Sayid Abdullah
842:
841:
839:
838:
831:
824:
816:
813:
812:
799:
798:
795:
794:
783:
775:
772:
771:
768:
767:
764:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
736:Russian period
732:
729:
728:
725:
724:
721:
720:
715:
713:Timurid Empire
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
678:Samanid Empire
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
639:
636:
635:
632:
631:
628:
627:
622:
617:
611:
608:
607:
604:
603:
600:
599:
594:
588:
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570:
569:
559:
558:
556:
555:
548:
541:
533:
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510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
469:
468:
465:
464:
461:
460:
457:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
425:
423:Modern history
422:
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393:
388:
382:
379:
378:
375:
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360:
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310:
305:
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295:
293:Islamic period
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277:
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217:
212:
210:Jeitun culture
207:
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118:
117:
111:
107:
106:
94:
90:
89:
77:
73:
72:
68:
67:
64:
63:
61:Sayid Abdullah
58:
54:
53:
43:
42:
32:
31:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1325:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1279:
1276:from 1875 by
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1247:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1231:
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1113:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:failed attack
1048:
1044:
1035:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1002:
1000:
994:
989:
985:
981:
977:
968:
964:
959:
957:
955:
951:
947:
939:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
898:
896:
892:
888:
884:
879:
877:
873:
869:
868:tribal leader
866:
861:
857:; full name:
856:
852:
848:
837:
832:
830:
825:
823:
818:
817:
815:
814:
811:
801:
800:
793:
792:
788:
784:
782:
781:
777:
776:
773:Topics relate
770:
769:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
733:
730:Modern period
727:
726:
719:
718:Uzbek Khanate
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
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649:
646:
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641:
640:
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633:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
612:
609:Early history
606:
605:
598:
595:
593:
592:Teshik-Tash 1
590:
589:
583:
582:
576:
572:
571:
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540:
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532:
531:
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481:
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455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
426:
420:
419:
412:
409:
407:
406:Afsharid Iran
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
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384:
383:
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364:
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290:
284:
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276:
273:
271:
268:
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263:
261:
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256:
255:Kushan Empire
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
230:Median Empire
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
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202:
196:
195:
191:
187:
186:
183:
176:
171:
165:
157:
153:
150:
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125:
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119:
115:
114:Turkmen Yomut
112:
108:
105:
101:
95:
91:
88:
84:
78:
74:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
19:
1246:
1237:
1210:
1205:
1177:
1106:and then to
1100:protectorate
1085:
1073:Soviet Union
1040:
1023:
1019:
1003:
988:Ivan Zaitsev
973:
963:
943:
936:government.
899:
880:
871:
846:
845:
785:
778:
488:Greater Iran
396:Safavid Iran
343:Khwarazmians
181:Turkmenistan
79:1857 or 1862
47:
35:
18:
1178:Tarki Dunyo
1108:Afghanistan
1096:Soviet rule
1077:Turkmen SSR
991: [
855:Jüneýit han
847:Junaid Khan
620:Transoxiana
503:Transcaspia
444:Soviet rule
287:Middle Ages
260:Proto-Turks
179:History of
110:Nationality
104:Afghanistan
81:Badirkent,
25:Junaid Khan
1287:Categories
1215:Khiva page
1185:References
1171:Literature
1011:Bolsheviks
916:after the
910:Bolsheviks
891:Isfandiyar
761:Since 1991
683:Ghaznavids
586:Prehistory
411:Qajar Iran
225:Massagetae
215:Gonur Depe
1081:Uzbek SSR
1043:Bolshevik
889:of Khiva
508:Turkmenia
358:Ilkhanate
318:Saffarids
199:Antiquity
143:1912–1938
48:In office
1226:Archived
1125:Turkmens
1114:See also
1007:Tashkent
872:de facto
791:Politics
708:Chagatai
597:Scythian
498:Khwarazm
483:Margiana
473:Hyrcania
368:Timurids
323:Samanids
313:Tahirids
308:Abbasids
303:Umayyads
170:a series
168:Part of
83:Dashoguz
36:De facto
1160:Khorezm
950:Turkmen
865:Turkmen
851:Turkmen
780:By year
653:Türgesh
625:Bactria
152:General
57:Monarch
1120:Yomuds
1104:Persia
934:Soviet
787:Cities
615:Sogdia
478:Sogdia
172:on the
121:Parent
1009:from
995:]
946:Yomut
922:Khiva
906:Uzbek
883:Yomut
363:Karts
116:tribe
100:Herat
98:near
1223:FOTW
1079:and
1061:and
1013:and
954:kazi
904:and
887:Khan
648:Onoq
148:Rank
93:Died
76:Born
1217:at
1083:.
1289::
1193:^
1057:,
993:ru
878:.
853::
789:-
102:,
85:,
948:(
849:(
835:e
828:t
821:v
552:e
545:t
538:v
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