31:
136:
477:
542:
In
Manchester, UK, traffic engineers have designed a protected junction known as the Cycle-Optimised Signal (CYCLOPS) Junction. This design places a circulatory cycle track around the edge of the junction, with pedestrian crossing on the inside. This design allows for an all-red pedestrian / cyclist
509:
well ahead of motor traffic who must stop behind the crosswalk. Separate signal staging or at least an advance green for cyclists and pedestrians is used to give cyclists and pedestrians no conflicts or a head start over traffic. The design makes a right turn on red, and sometimes left on red
387:
In the EU it is estimated that around 5,000 out of 26,100 people who are killed in car crashes are killed in a junction collision, in 2015, while it was around 8,000 in 2006. During the 2006–2015 decade, this means around 20% of road fatalities occur at junctions.
567:. Walk lights may be accompanied by audio signals to aid the visually impaired. Medians can offer pedestrian islands, allowing pedestrians to divide their crossings into a separate segment for each traffic direction, possibly with a separate signal for each.
485:
97:
that regulated traffic flow. Next came lane controls that limited what each lane of traffic was allowed to do while crossing. Turns across oncoming traffic might be prohibited, or allowed only when oncoming and crossing traffic was stopped.
483:
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479:
478:
484:
481:
442:
Information failure – the road user judged the situation incorrectly and made a decision based upon the incorrect judgement (e.g. thinking that another vehicle is moving when it is not, and thus colliding with
77:
In the United
Kingdom and other countries, the practice of giving names to junctions emerged, to help travellers find their way. Junctions took the name of a prominent nearby business or a point of interest.
543:
phase with reduced conflicts. Traffic signals are timed to allow cyclists to make a right turn (across oncoming traffic) in one turn). It also allows for diagonal crossings (
85:
followed suit, managing the flow of traffic across the junction became of increasing importance, to minimize delays and improve safety. The first innovation was to add
480:
429:
Inadequate plan – the details of the situation, as interpreted by the road user, are lacking in quantity and/or quality (including their correspondence to reality)
576:
101:
This was followed by specialized junction designs that incorporated information about traffic volumes, speeds, driver intent and many other factors.
910:
391:
By kind of users junctions fatalities are car users, 34%; pedestrians, 23%; motorcycle, 21%; pedal-cycle 12%; and other road users, the remaining.
761:
1018:
963:
371:
Non-signalized designs include unsignalized variations on continuous-flow 3 and 4-leg, median u-turn and superstreet, along with
Maryland T/J,
779:
489:
Protected intersection design based on a common Dutch model, preserving the physical segregation of the cycle lane throughout the intersection
699:
848:
721:
214:
2264:
2228:
805:
30:
1358:
2233:
1348:
1333:
948:
623:
242:
226:
2210:
2200:
1437:
1328:
973:
403:
Observation missed – the largest category, encompassing all factors that cause a driver or rider to not notice something:
337:
234:
195:
202:, and tight diamond. Others include center-turn overpass, contraflow left, single loop, and single-point urban overpass.
2259:
2205:
2019:
1544:
1407:
321:
1926:
1816:
1013:
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135:
2215:
2034:
890:
148:
791:
2195:
1921:
1916:
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1008:
928:
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183:
typically refer to this layout. They can be further subdivided into those with and without signal controls.
780:
http://www.protectedintersection.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Falbo_ProtectedIntersection_Transcript1.pdf
652:
510:
depending on the geometry of the intersection in question, possible in many cases, often without stopping.
109:
The most basic distinction among junction types is whether or not the roads cross at the same or different
2128:
2095:
1432:
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206:
144:
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302:
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if possible, and have a protected bike lane width of at least 2 metres if possible (one way). In the
505:, generally between 1.5–7 metres of setback, a forward stop bar, which allows cyclists to stop for a
341:
250:
230:
218:
70:. Where roads met outside of an existing settlement, these junctions often led to a new settlement.
2085:
1959:
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168:
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Faulty diagnosis – a misunderstanding of another road user's actions or the road conditions
2143:
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2014:
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152:
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187:
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63:
283:, and abbreviated as AD, is a three-way interchange on the German autobahn network.
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1994:
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It has been considered that several causes might lead to fatalities; for instance:
361:
317:
305:. They also can be further subdivided into those with and without signal controls.
82:
67:
600:
Hughes, Warren; Jagannathan, Ram; Sengupta, Dibu & Hummer, Joe (April 2010).
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on the approach to the intersection, separated by a concrete median with splay
17:
2108:
1984:
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556:
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1979:
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are lower cost and lower throughput. Each main type comes in many variants.
110:
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2172:
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1999:
1748:
1743:
1604:
1569:
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1507:
1153:
1128:
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268:
806:"UK's first 'CYCLOPS' junction opens in Manchester to boost bike safety"
722:"Unconventional Left-Turn Alternatives for Urban and Suburban Arterials"
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1723:
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1084:
1059:
528:
502:
357:
2177:
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501:. A corner refuge island, a setback crossing of the pedestrians and
602:
Alternative
Intersections/Interchanges: Informational Report (AIIR)
475:
134:
29:
896:
Dual carriageway / Divided highway / Expressway
826:
677:
267:, and abbreviated as AK, is a four-way interchange on the German
857:
656:
518:
59:
47:
830:
117:
generally offer higher throughput at higher cost. Single-grade
1688:
563:, pedestrian-directed traffic signals ("walk light") and over/
446:
Communication failure – a miscommunication between road users
525:, most one way cycle paths are at least 2.5 metres wide.
58:
Roads began as a means of linking locations of interest:
439:
Faulty diagnosis (not leading to observation missed)
559:
as well as vehicle traffic. Pedestrian aids include
451:
Inadequate plan (not leading to observation missed)
2186:
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2063:
1880:
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1633:
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876:
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547:) and reduces crossing distances for pedestrians.
653:"Applied Technology and Traffic Analysis Program"
618:Hughes, Warren; Jagannathan, Ram (October 2009).
81:As of the road networks increased in density and
539:that are physically separated from the roadway.
727:. Transportation Research Board. Archived from
531:traffic can be accommodated with the low grade
760:European Road Safety Observatory (June 2017).
535:in the roadway or higher grade and much safer
167:, roads pass above or below each other, using
842:
693:"DCMI (Double Crossover Merging Interchange)"
8:
577:List of road junctions in the United Kingdom
278:
277:(literally "autobahn triangle"), short form
272:
262:
256:
139:A "mixing bowl" highway interchange between
1641:
1286:
873:
849:
835:
827:
763:Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2017: Junctions
604:(Report). Federal Highway Administration.
261:(literally "autobahn cross"), short form
720:Hummer, Joseph E. and Jonathan D. Reid.
655:. University of Maryland. Archived from
592:
190:controlled) interchanges include such "
755:
753:
751:
749:
691:Gingrich, Michael A. Sr. (June 2011).
678:"Double Crossover Merging Interchange"
620:"Double Crossover Diamond Interchange"
613:
611:
66:and geographic features such as river
1945:Median / Central reservation
700:Institute of Transportation Engineers
647:
645:
643:
641:
27:Location where two or more roads meet
7:
555:Intersections generally must manage
769:. European Road Safety Observatory.
324:, continuous Green-T, double-wide,
221:(grade-separated bowtie), echelon,
205:Non-signalized designs include the
1863:Risk compensation (road transport)
113:. More expensive, grade-separated
74:is an example of such a location.
25:
792:"How wide is a Dutch cycle path?"
2229:Glossary of road transport terms
493:A number of features make this
624:Federal Highway Administration
1:
2211:Pavement performance modeling
2201:International roughness index
412:Permanent obstruction to view
409:Temporary obstruction to view
237:roundabouts (grade-separated
34:Junction of several roads in
2206:Present serviceability index
2000:Sidewalk / Pavement
1545:Diamond grinding of pavement
322:continuous-flow intersection
2178:Underpass / Tunnel
2173:Overpass / Flyover
1927:High-occupancy vehicle lane
1817:Driving under the influence
891:Freeway / Motorway
415:Permanent sight obstruction
308:Signalized designs include
2281:
1105:Highway systems by country
464:
290:
198:, Michigan urban diamond,
128:
2224:
2216:Granular base equivalency
2035:Traffic signal preemption
1443:Right-in/right-out (RIRO)
1349:Single-point urban (SPUI)
2265:Transport infrastructure
2196:Pavement condition index
1922:High-occupancy toll lane
1917:Contraflow lane reversal
1892:Barrier transfer machine
513:Cyclists ideally have a
215:double crossover merging
1050:Express-collector setup
537:protected bicycle paths
461:Protected intersections
213:(restricted dumbbell),
2234:Road types by features
2129:Raised pavement marker
2096:Constant-slope barrier
2020:Traffic directionality
2010:Street running railway
1433:Protected intersection
495:protected intersection
490:
467:Protected intersection
454:Insufficient knowledge
279:
273:
263:
257:
160:
39:
2091:Concrete step barrier
1428:Offset T-intersection
488:
223:free-flow interchange
138:
46:is where two or more
33:
2134:Road surface marking
1832:Single-vehicle crash
1555:Full depth recycling
1453:Seagull intersection
734:on 30 September 2007
395:Causes of fatalities
2260:Road junction types
1960:Pedestrian crossing
1523:Reinforced concrete
1359:Three-level diamond
1070:Two-lane expressway
1055:Farm-to-market road
545:pedestrian scramble
515:protected bike lane
293:Intersection (road)
209:, contraflow left,
200:three-level diamond
181:highway interchange
1990:Runaway truck ramp
1812:Driver's education
1600:Rubberized asphalt
1535:Crocodile cracking
1458:Split intersection
1226:Hierarchy of roads
1187:Single carriageway
582:Junction (traffic)
491:
406:Physical factors:
310:advanced stop line
243:single-point urban
227:partial cloverleaf
161:
131:Interchange (road)
40:
2242:
2241:
2050:Wide outside lane
1876:
1875:
1853:Automotive safety
1734:Road slipperiness
1481:
1480:
1329:Diverging diamond
1276:
1275:
1192:Single-track road
1134:Bicycle boulevard
626:. FHWA-HRT-09-054
486:
332:, median u-turn,
196:diverging diamond
194:" designs as the
177:motorway junction
89:devices, such as
16:(Redirected from
2272:
2086:Cat's eye (road)
1907:Complete streets
1679:Dead Man's Curve
1642:
1580:Pavement milling
1495:Asphalt concrete
1438:Quadrant roadway
1379:
1301:
1287:
1253:Street hierarchy
901:Elevated highway
874:
851:
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810:cities-today.com
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169:grade separation
21:
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2153:
2144:Traffic barrier
2104:F-Shape barrier
2059:
2015:Traffic calming
1975:Reversible lane
1965:Pedestrian zone
1950:Motorcycle lane
1912:Contraflow lane
1884:time allocation
1883:
1872:
1868:Underride guard
1836:
1798:
1684:Expansion joint
1646:
1636:
1629:
1615:Stamped asphalt
1477:
1408:Continuous flow
1381:
1377:
1376:
1368:
1302:
1298:grade-separated
1295:
1294:
1272:
1231:Private highway
1204:
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420:Human factors:
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295:
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274:Autobahndreieck
159:, United States
133:
127:
107:
87:traffic control
56:
28:
23:
22:
18:Junction (road)
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2255:Road junctions
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2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2114:Jersey barrier
2111:
2106:
2101:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2045:Unused highway
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2025:Traffic island
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
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1967:
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1957:
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1822:Drowsy driving
1819:
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1704:Level crossing
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1403:Channelization
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1388:3-way junction
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1282:Road junctions
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1246:business route
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1174:Primitive road
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1045:County highway
1042:
1040:Collector road
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1014:United Kingdom
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949:Czech Republic
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878:Limited-access
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465:Main article:
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377:traffic circle
301:, roads cross
291:Main article:
288:
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157:Novi, Michigan
129:Main article:
126:
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106:
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95:traffic lights
55:
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26:
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10:
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2125:
2124:Noise barrier
2122:
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2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2099:
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2094:
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2081:Cable barrier
2079:
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2056:
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2030:Traffic lanes
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
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1970:Refuge island
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1935:Living street
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1902:Climbing lane
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1879:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
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1828:
1825:
1823:
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1815:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1804:Human factors
1801:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1769:Traffic light
1767:
1765:
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1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
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1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1719:Oversize load
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1709:Manhole cover
1707:
1705:
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1700:
1697:
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1568:
1566:
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1546:
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1541:
1540:Crushed stone
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1521:
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1516:
1514:
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1471:
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1449:
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1436:
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1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1423:Michigan left
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1375:Intersections
1371:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1324:Directional T
1322:
1320:
1317:
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1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1288:
1285:
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1279:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1241:special route
1239:
1238:
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1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
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1219:
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1198:
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1190:
1188:
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1162:
1160:
1159:Frontage road
1157:
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1056:
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1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1035:Arterial road
1033:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1019:United States
1017:
1015:
1012:
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1007:
1005:
1002:
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985:
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935:
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927:
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922:
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917:
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902:
899:
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883:
881:
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875:
872:
870:
869:Types of road
866:
862:
859:
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847:
845:
840:
838:
833:
832:
829:
812:. 9 July 2020
811:
807:
801:
798:
794:. 2011-06-29.
793:
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746:
730:
723:
716:
713:
701:
694:
687:
684:
679:
673:
670:
659:on 2014-05-03
658:
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524:
520:
516:
511:
508:
507:traffic light
504:
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468:
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394:
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389:
382:
380:
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369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
334:Michigan left
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
306:
304:
300:
299:intersections
294:
286:
284:
281:
275:
270:
265:
259:
258:Autobahnkreuz
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
233:, single and
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
188:traffic-light
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
137:
132:
124:
122:
120:
119:intersections
116:
112:
104:
102:
99:
96:
92:
88:
84:
83:traffic flows
79:
75:
73:
72:Scotch Corner
69:
65:
61:
53:
51:
49:
45:
37:
32:
19:
2149:Traffic cone
2139:Rumble strip
2040:Truck bypass
1995:Shared space
1955:Passing lane
1940:Managed lane
1897:Bicycle lane
1779:Washboarding
1774:Traffic sign
1699:Hairpin turn
1468:Texas U-turn
1398:Box junction
1292:Interchanges
1281:
1236:Route number
1144:Country lane
886:Bike freeway
814:. Retrieved
809:
800:
786:
775:
762:
736:. Retrieved
729:the original
715:
703:. Retrieved
686:
672:
661:. Retrieved
657:the original
628:. Retrieved
595:
554:
541:
527:
512:
492:
398:
390:
386:
370:
362:Texas U-turn
318:box junction
307:
296:
287:Intersection
255:
204:
186:Signalized (
185:
180:
176:
175:. The terms
165:interchanges
162:
118:
115:interchanges
114:
108:
100:
80:
76:
57:
43:
41:
36:LĂĽdinghausen
2187:Performance
2119:Kassel kerb
2076:Botts' dots
2064:Demarcation
1764:Storm drain
1729:Road debris
1654:Aquaplaning
1647:environment
1635:Road safety
1513:Cobblestone
1463:Superstreet
1268:Winter road
1216:Concurrency
1209:Other terms
1200:Sunken lane
1169:Main street
1114:Local roads
816:24 December
705:January 23,
565:underpasses
551:Pedestrians
523:Netherlands
432:Inattention
426:Distraction
366:turnarounds
354:superstreet
125:Interchange
2249:Categories
2189:indicators
2158:Structures
2109:Guard rail
1985:Road verge
1858:Seat belts
1794:Snowsquall
1759:Speed bump
1739:Road train
1560:Glassphalt
1500:Bioasphalt
1473:Turnaround
1448:Roundabout
1378:(at-grade)
1344:Roundabout
1309:Cloverleaf
1164:Green lane
1100:Trunk road
1028:Main roads
911:By country
663:2014-04-12
588:References
561:crosswalks
557:pedestrian
533:bike lanes
373:roundabout
336:, paired,
239:roundabout
207:cloverleaf
173:slip roads
111:elevations
91:stop signs
1980:Road diet
1882:Space and
1827:Road rage
1714:Oil spill
1674:Crosswind
1664:Black ice
1659:Avalanche
1585:Permeable
1418:Jughandle
1413:Hook turn
1319:Free-flow
1263:Toll road
1182:Side road
1139:Boulevard
1095:Super two
1090:Ring road
1065:Link road
964:Hong Kong
919:Australia
861:hierarchy
630:April 22,
350:staggered
348:, split,
346:slip lane
330:jughandle
326:hook turn
271:network.
38:, Germany
2168:Causeway
2005:Shoulder
1841:Vehicles
1789:Whiteout
1749:Rockfall
1744:Roadkill
1669:Bleeding
1645:Road and
1605:Sealcoat
1530:Corduroy
1518:Concrete
1508:Chipseal
1487:Surfaces
1339:Raindrop
1154:Driveway
1149:Dead end
1129:Backroad
1080:2+2 road
1075:2+1 road
999:Portugal
989:Pakistan
571:See also
503:cyclists
472:Bicycles
342:seagulls
338:quadrant
303:at-grade
269:autobahn
251:windmill
231:raindrop
219:dumbbell
44:junction
2071:Bollard
2055:Woonerf
1784:Washout
1724:Pothole
1637:factors
1625:Texture
1595:Plastic
1575:Macadam
1364:Trumpet
1314:Diamond
1085:Parkway
1060:Highway
974:Ireland
954:Germany
944:Croatia
924:Belgium
738:13 June
529:Bicycle
358:Texas T
280:dreieck
211:dogbone
192:diamond
54:History
2164:Bridge
1848:Airbag
1620:Tarmac
1565:Gravel
1393:Bowtie
1334:Parclo
1258:Stroad
1221:Detour
1196:Street
1124:Avenue
1009:Taiwan
994:Poland
959:Greece
934:Canada
929:Brazil
383:Safety
314:bowtie
249:, and
235:double
151:, and
50:meet.
1590:Plank
1504:Brick
1354:Stack
1120:Alley
1004:Spain
984:Nepal
979:Italy
969:India
939:China
767:(PDF)
732:(PDF)
725:(PDF)
696:(PDF)
519:kerbs
499:safer
497:much
264:kreuz
247:stack
153:I-696
149:I-275
105:Types
68:fords
64:forts
60:towns
48:roads
2100:Curb
1931:Lane
1694:Ford
1610:Sett
1550:Dirt
1178:Road
858:Road
818:2021
740:2007
707:2013
632:2012
375:and
364:and
179:and
171:and
141:I-96
93:and
1754:Rut
1689:Fog
1570:Ice
443:it)
297:At
241:),
163:At
155:in
145:M-5
2251::
808:.
748:^
698:.
640:^
622:.
610:^
379:.
368:.
360:,
356:,
352:,
344:,
340:,
328:,
320:,
316:,
312:,
253:.
245:,
229:,
225:,
217:,
147:,
143:,
62:,
42:A
1300:)
1296:(
850:e
843:t
836:v
820:.
742:.
709:.
680:.
666:.
634:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
