222:
The deepest layer of the JE, or basal layer, undergoes constant and rapid cell division, or mitosis. This process allows a constant coronal migration as the cells die and are shed into the gingival sulcus. The few layers present in the JE — from its basal layer to the suprabasal, or superficial, layer — does not show any change in cellular appearance related to maturation, unlike other types of gingival tissue. Thus, the JE does not mature like keratinized tissue, such as the marginal gingiva or attached gingiva, which fills its matured superficial cells with keratin.
198:
coronal part of the fused and surrounding epithelium peels back off the crown. The ameloblasts also develop hemidesmosomes for the primary EA and become firmly attached to the enamel surface. However, the cervical part of the fused tissue remains attached to the neck of the tooth by the primary EA. This fused tissue, which remains near the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) after the tooth erupts, serves as the initial JE of the tooth, creating the first tissue attached to the tooth surface. This tissue is later replaced by a definitive JE as the root is formed.
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218:
superficial, or suprabasal, cells of the JE serve as part of the EA of the gingiva to the tooth surface. These superficial, or suprabasal, epithelial cells of the JE provide the hemidesmosomes and an internal basal lamina that create the EA, because this is a cell-to-noncellular type of intercellular junction. The structure of the EA is similar to that of the junction between the epithelium and subadjacent connective tissue; the internal basal lamina consists of a lamina lucida and lamina densa.
277:, having the true apical migration of the EA. In addition, there is the presence of ulceration with gingival hyperplasia, including the formation of rete ridges and connective tissue papillae at the one smooth interface of the JE with the lamina propria. Further, there is increased levels of exfoliation of epithelial cells, WBC migration, and bacterial internalization, as well as internalization-induced programmed epithelial cell death.
226:
keratinizing superficial layer at the free surface of the JE, there is no physical barrier to microbial attack. Other structural and functional characteristics of the JE must compensate for the absence of this barrier. The JE fulfills this difficult task with its special structural framework and the collaboration of its epithelial and nonepithelial cells that provide very potent antimicrobial mechanisms, such as the
25:
304:
269:, and associated toxins from the exposed tooth surface) to enter this tissue from the deeper lamina propria, setting up the possibility of infection to occur. Damage to the junctional epithelium results in it being irregular in texture, rather than smooth, at its surface. Most importantly is the formation of pocket epithelium within the
221:
This internal basal lamina of the EA is continuous with the external basal lamina between the junctional epithelium and the lamina propria at the apical extent of the JE. The EA is very strong in a healthy state, acting as a type of seal between the soft gingival tissue and the hard tooth surface.
197:
Junctional epithelium is derived from the reduced enamel epithelium (REE) during tooth development. Before the eruption of the tooth and after enamel maturation, the ameloblasts secrete a basal lamina on the tooth surface that serves as a part of the primary EA. As the tooth actively erupts, the
217:
to the bottom of the gingival sulcus, to help prevent disease. In addition, the JE is also thinner than the sulcular epithelium, ranging coronally from only 15 to 30 cells thick at the floor of the gingival sulcus, and then tapering to a final thickness of 3 to 4 cells at its apical part. The
225:
Nor does JE mature on a lesser level like nonkeratinized tissue of the sulcular gingiva and throughout the rest of the oral cavity, which enlarges its cells as they mature and migrate superficially. The JE cells do not mature and form into a granular layer or intermediate layer. Without a
1389:
230:. However, these defense mechanisms do not preclude the development of extensive inflammatory lesions in the gingival tissue, and, occasionally, the inflammatory lesion may eventually progress to the loss of bone and the connective tissue attachment to the tooth.
185:. The attachment of the JE to the tooth surface can occur on enamel, cementum, or dentin. The position of the EA on the tooth surface is initially on the cervical half of the anatomical crown when the tooth first becomes functional after
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130:
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Shimono M, Ishikawa T, Enokiya Y, Muramatsu T, Matsuzaka K, Inoue T, Abiko Y, Yamaza T, Kido MA, Tanaka T, Hashimoto S (2003). "Biological characteristics of the junctional epithelium".
114:(SE), and is stopped by the epithelial attachment (EA). However, the probing depth of the gingival sulcus may be considerably different from the true histological gingival sulcus depth.
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43:
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are also found in large numbers in JE epithelial cells; enzymes contained within these lysosomes participate in the destruction of bacteria contained in dental biofilm.
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253:, indicating a high metabolic activity. However, the JE cells remain immature or undifferentiated until they die and are shed or lost in the gingival sulcus.
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The increased permeability of the JE that allows emigration of the PMN type of WBC also allows microorganisms from the dental biofilm (especially noted is
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to the most coronal of the gingival fibers is the junctional epithelium. The JE attaches to the surface of the tooth by way of the EA with
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1145:
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61:
483:
Sandros J, Papapanou PN, Nannmark U, Dahlén G (January 1994). "Porphyromonas gingivalis invades human pocket epithelium in vitro".
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in the junctional epithelium tend to have wide intercellular spaces and fewer desmosomal junctions, to allow the transmission of
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Bosshardt DD, Lang NP (January 2005). "The junctional epithelium: from health to disease".
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Knowledge (XXG) articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
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Nanci A, Bosshardt DD (2006). "Structure of periodontal tissues in health and disease".
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Vitkov L, Krautgartner WD, Hannig M (2005). "Surface morphology of pocket epithelium".
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110:. In a healthy-case scenario, the probe is gently inserted, slides by the
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106:). The probing depth of the gingival sulcus is measured by a calibrated
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145:, where it interfaces with the epithelium of the oral cavity. The
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638:
18:
16:
Area of gum tissue which attaches to the base of a tooth
39:
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and is, on average, roughly 1 mm in width in the
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371:
Illustrated Dental
Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy
782:
Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease
665:
Dentistry involving supporting structures of teeth (
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1103:
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34:
may be too technical for most readers to understand
459:"University of Pennsylvania and Temple University"
273:, which is a histopathological characteristic of
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181:dimension, constituting about one half of the
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343:(9th ed.). W.B. Saunders. p. 23.
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339:Newman MG, Takei HH, Carranza FA (2002).
62:Learn how and when to remove this message
46:, without removing the technical details.
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802:Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions
329:AAP 2010 In-Service Exam, question A-20
322:
308:This article incorporates text in the
1191:Subepithelial connective tissue graft
369:Bath-Balogh M, Fehrenbach MJ (2011).
44:make it understandable to non-experts
7:
777:Generalized aggressive periodontitis
364:
362:
360:
772:Localized aggressive periodontitis
497:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1994.tb01092.x
341:Carranza's Clinical Periodontology
14:
1095:Full mouth ultrasonic debridement
1367:
792:Necrotizing periodontal diseases
575:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2005.00141.x
302:
23:
485:Journal of Periodontal Research
169:to the base of the pocket, and
424:Journal of Electron Microscopy
127:stratified squamous epithelium
94:also defines, the base of the
1:
797:Abscesses of the periodontium
213:(WBCs) from lamina propria's
122:The junctional epithelium, a
243:rough endoplasmic reticulum
1411:
1151:Guided tissue regeneration
532:10.1177/154405910508400102
520:Journal of Dental Research
1121:Coronally positioned flap
610:10.1080/01913120590916832
598:Ultrastructural Pathology
398:. Elsevier. p. 351.
396:Ten Cate's Oral Histology
373:. Elsevier. p. 127.
1176:Pocket reduction surgery
1156:Enamel matrix derivative
1146:Guided bone regeneration
1111:Apically positioned flap
1085:Scaling and root planing
991:Treatment and prevention
952:Linear gingival erythema
907:Clinical attachment loss
821:A. actinomycetemcomitans
312:from the 20th edition of
1229:Important personalities
1090:Full mouth disinfection
1053:Host modulatory therapy
1018:Chlorhexidine gluconate
998:Periodontal examination
436:10.1093/jmicro/52.6.627
233:The JE cells have many
947:Horizontal bony defect
90:which lies at, and in
1171:Open flap debridement
1166:Lateral pedicle graft
767:Chronic periodontitis
727:Mucogingival junction
722:Junctional epithelium
141:from the base to the
80:junctional epithelium
1301:Paul Roscoe Stillman
1276:Willoughby D. Miller
1246:Per-Ingvar Brånemark
1073:Conventional therapy
982:Vertical bony defect
927:Gingival enlargement
877:Entamoeba gingivalis
732:Periodontal ligament
702:Free gingival margin
143:free gingival margin
1316:James Leon Williams
1181:Socket preservation
1131:Free gingival graft
1013:Bleeding on probing
967:Periodontal disease
737:Sulcular epithelium
563:Periodontology 2000
292:Periodontal disease
275:periodontal disease
163:sulcular epithelium
135:sulcular epithelium
129:, lies immediately
112:sulcular epithelium
962:Periodontal pocket
937:Gingival recession
828:Capnocytophaga sp.
271:periodontal pocket
149:is bounded by the
137:, which lines the
1355:
1354:
1330:Other specialties
1286:John Mankey Riggs
1271:Preston D. Miller
1236:Tomas Albrektsson
1224:
1223:
1161:Implant placement
1136:Gingival grafting
1126:Crown lengthening
1061:
1060:
1028:Hydrogen peroxide
885:Trichomonas tenax
405:978-0-323-07846-7
380:978-1-4377-1730-3
350:978-0-7216-8331-7
228:white blood cells
211:white blood cells
108:periodontal probe
72:
71:
64:
1402:
1372:
1371:
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1347:Prosthodontology
1306:Dennis P. Tarnow
1251:Robert Gottsegen
1070:
922:Furcation defect
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461:. Archived from
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98:(i.e. where the
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1256:Gary Greenstein
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957:Occlusal trauma
932:Gingival pocket
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717:Gingival sulcus
712:Gingival fibers
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165:. Immediately
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139:gingival sulcus
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96:gingival sulcus
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40:help improve it
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1342:Orthodontology
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187:tooth eruption
183:biologic width
175:hemidesmosomes
124:nonkeratinized
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465:on 2021-01-11
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430:(6): 627–39.
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310:public domain
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267:P. gingivalis
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247:Golgi complex
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32:This article
30:
21:
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1311:Hom-Lay Wang
1296:Jørgen Slots
1266:Brian Mealey
1141:Gingivectomy
1043:Tetracycline
1038:Oral hygiene
883:
875:
868:
863:T. denticola
861:
856:T. forsythia
854:
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835:F. nucleatum
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682:Periodontium
604:(2): 121–7.
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467:. Retrieved
463:the original
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251:mitochondria
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102:attach to a
83:
79:
73:
58:
49:
33:
1291:Jay Seibert
1241:Frank Beube
1080:Debridement
870:Red complex
526:(1): 9–20.
491:(1): 62–9.
287:Oral mucosa
1384:Categories
1261:Jan Lindhe
1186:Sinus lift
1116:Bone graft
1003:Ante's law
942:Gingivitis
912:Edentulism
469:2013-07-30
298:References
241:, such as
235:organelles
88:epithelium
86:) is that
52:March 2019
1066:Treatment
1048:Triclosan
1033:Mouthwash
880:(amoebic)
812:Infection
759:Diagnoses
742:Stippling
569:: 11–28.
261:Pathology
255:Lysosomes
239:cytoplasm
237:in their
202:Structure
1204:Membrane
1023:Flossing
1008:Brushing
917:Fremitus
902:Calculus
697:Cementum
626:27306243
618:16028668
583:16398683
548:12115399
540:15615869
444:14756251
281:See also
161:and the
118:Location
1395:Gingiva
1374:Anatomy
1199:Curette
1104:Surgery
751:Disease
707:Gingiva
675:Anatomy
505:8113953
171:coronal
157:of the
153:of the
133:to the
38:Please
1360:Portal
1214:Scaler
1195:Tools
977:Plaque
624:
616:
581:
546:
538:
503:
442:
402:
377:
347:
318:(1918)
249:, and
193:Origin
167:apical
151:enamel
131:apical
92:health
78:, the
1209:Probe
895:Other
622:S2CID
544:S2CID
207:Cells
159:tooth
155:crown
104:tooth
614:PMID
579:PMID
536:PMID
501:PMID
440:PMID
400:ISBN
375:ISBN
345:ISBN
100:gums
606:doi
571:doi
528:doi
493:doi
432:doi
74:In
42:to
1386::
620:.
612:.
602:29
600:.
577:.
567:40
565:.
542:.
534:.
524:84
522:.
499:.
489:29
487:.
438:.
428:52
426:.
414:^
359:^
245:,
189:.
84:JE
1362::
669:)
658:e
651:t
644:v
628:.
608::
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