The Maiden in the Tower - Knowledge (XXG)

1363:"), although he wonders why she has been delayed from their rendezvous. In Scene 5, the Lover overhears the Maiden lamenting her misfortune; he is shocked to find her in the Bailiff's possession: "How can I explain it that she is with the bailiff, she so pure and spotless"? From the balcony, she assures him of her faithfulness, exclaiming: "I love thee; by force the bailiff holds me captive, innocent I am!"; he promises to free her. In Scene 6, the Lover accuses the Bailiff of wrongdoing, to which the imperious lawman responds with threats of reprisal: "And if thou wouldst defy me yet, let castle-dungeon thy repentance bring". A duel is averted when, in Scene 7, the Chatelaine of the castle enters and demands the belligerents sheath their swords. She heeds not the Bailiff's complaint, and grants the Maiden her freedom: "Here force was used against defenseless woman, whose innocence and virtue I know well. Set her free!" In Scene 8, the Chatelaine's servants apprehend the Bailiff, and the Maiden and the Lover embrace. Amid the rejoicing, the Chatelaine affirms her dedication to justice: "Ever yet my wish has been defense of innocence, defense of right". 1542: 1733: 1990:'s neglect is the story's lack of appeal and the attendant risk of mounting a production. Modern commentators have criticized Hertberg's libretto as "a lifeless concoction", "bland", "thinly-plotted", "tarnished by naïveté", and "startlingly silly ... its inanities on dreadful display from the opening lines". While Tawaststjerna concedes that Hertzberg's libretto "as a whole is not without dramatically effective scenes", he too registers a negative opinion, characterizing Hertzberg as a "mediocre author" whose "simple" story was "embarrassingly awful... operatic albatross that to wear round his neck". 1486: 374: 1049:. Structurally, the piece incorporates elements from five of the opera's nine numbers, ordered as follows: the Overture (bars 1–238 in the Concert Overture), Scene 4 (bars 239–349), Scene 6 (bars 350–443), Scene 7 (bars 444–500), and Scene 8 (bars 501–639). Of these five numbers, all but Scene 4 are taken from the opera almost in their entirety. While the scoring of the Concert Overture is identical to the opera, the vocal lines are absent—except in their essential moments, when they are replaced with instruments. 1303: 910: 1998:

for a one-act stage work, not specifically an opera; second, that the 1896 program advertised the piece as a "dramatized Finnish ballad"; third, that critics in 1896 struggled to categorize the new piece, describing it as an "opera", "operetta", "tableau", "ballad number", "short, opera-like composition", and "small, one-act play"; and fourth, that Sibelius—even if he had wanted—could not have written a full-scale opera, given the paltry orchestral and vocal resources at his disposal. As such,

590: 713: 657:

the Bailiff that "breathes insistent, hot longing" and for the Maiden that shows "disgust and trembling fear". He also enjoyed Scene 3's "utterly captivating" and "master paint" spring music, as well the "tender, erotic mood" of Scene 5's duet for the Maiden and the Lover; nevertheless, the Overture was "rather long" and the Maiden's prayer was "probably too drawn out", given that the balcony limited Ida Flodin's acting.

1827:

international reputation—probably recognized that a Finnish-language opera would have little appeal in Germany, "the land of musical milk and honey". Finally, the question may be misplaced. The lottery soirées were seen as a time for the nation, however internally divided over language, to unify against a common foe: Imperial Russia. As such, the evenings brought the feuding sides together under one roof and offered

59: 6941: 581: 365: 1970: 901: 704: 6965: 1589: 1724: 757:(S:t Michel) Song Festival in the summer of 1897. This too was cancelled, as Sibelius had not yet finished his revisions—indeed, there is no evidence he ever began reworking the piece. Additionally, Hertzberg was unavailable to overhaul his libretto, having died on 5 December 1896. In a sketchbook, Sibelius jotted a sad waltz in 1350:"). In Scene 3, the Maiden overhears peasants singing about the change of season: "Now in forest the winds of spring are sighing ... winter's darkened skies flee the gaze of the sun". To her relief, she discerns her father's voice and believes her rescue is imminent. But the peasants disown her, believing that she has 1935:

writes that "deep inside him Sibelius must have recognized the truth that his was not an operatic talent ... a sense of mastery ... it must be admitted that this is neither good opera nor good Sibelius". Nevertheless, Layton acknowledges the Maiden's prayer in Scene 2 and the chorus's

1714:

founded the Finnish Theatre Company, and a year later it named its singing branch the Finnish Opera Company. This was a small group that, without an opera house as residence, toured the country performing the foreign repertoire translated into Finnish. However, the Fennomans still remained without an

1997:

has developed a poor reputation in part due to its "misleading" classification as an opera, because this label invites comparison with full-scale operas and thereby does Sibelius's small-scale work a disservice. Evidence in support of this position includes: first, that Achté's letter asked Sibelius

1891:

writes favorably that "the orchestration is skillful, the melodies are memorable, and there is enough dramatic fire in the setting". Tawaststjerna argues that "Sibelius shows ... considerable talent for musical drama"; in particular, he cites the Maiden's part as "anticipat 'great' solo songs",

309:

sang the roles of the Bailiff and the Maiden, respectively. Although the critics praised Sibelius's music, they thought it was wasted on Hertzberg's lifeless libretto. After three performances, Sibelius withdrew the opera, saying he wanted to revise it. He never did, and with one exception (in 1900,

670:

echoed Flodin: Hertzberg's libretto was "monotonous" and lacking in action, and Sibelius's music—though "masterful" orchestrated—exacerbated this "dull" with "interludes that were too long ... the stage completely empty". Nevertheless, he found the arias for the Maiden and for the Lover "very

467:

in which key events from Finland's myths, landscapes, and history were colorfully dramatized ... Choruses, orchestras, and other musicians were brought to sing, play dance music, and perform new works, which the country's composers were prevailed upon to compose ... The very spectacle was

656:

faulted Hertzberg's "uncomplicated" libretto as "too naive to captivate", but praised Sibelius's "glowing ... peculiar" music for having transformed the opera into an "outstanding work of domestic musical art". In particular, Flodin described Scene 1 as "poignant", with vocal writing for

458:

The faintly distasteful act of giving money to gamble for prizes was masked by the elaborate spectacle ... which proved to be an ideal device for raising money in support of national causes and ... promoting social cohesion and Finnish identity in a guise that the imperial censors would

1652:

argues that the decision by Sibelius and Hertzberg to use "generic, nameless characters" indicates that they were more interested in political messaging than good storytelling. The Sibelius biographer Andrew Barnett concedes Sibelius may have found the libretto too shallow to support a deeper

1826:

detailed how difficult and unnatural he found the task of setting a Finnish text. Third, there was little market for Finnish opera. Domestically, the Finnish Opera Company remained disbanded and Helsinki was still without an opera house. Internationally, Sibelius—as a composer who desired an

1335:

is a rescue opera that tells a "simple tale of chivalry". In Scene 1, the curtain rises to find the beautiful Maiden picking flowers along the seashore; in the background is a castle with a tower. The Bailiff, emerging from the birch forest, comes upon her and professes his love:

1580:(1890), the melodic, compact, and passionate nature of which had impressed him when he heard it performed in Vienna during the spring of 1891. According to Tawaststjerna, however, the Sibelius opera nevertheless "has greater symphonic unity" than its famous Italian counterpart. 791:: first for 1907, Scene 3 as a stand-alone piece at the Viipuri Song Festival; and second for February 1908, the entire opera. Finne would translate the libretto into Finnish. Sibelius agreed to the proposal, but for unknown reasons Finne's efforts never came to fruition. 493:), which he described as "the oldest known Finnish drama—or rather an opera, because everything is sung". Sibelius began composing in August, and met Hertzberg on 24 September—a month that found Sibelius overworked, as he had taken on teaching responsibilities at the 824:

in Finnish for the 1914 Mikkeli Song Festival, Sibelius refused to budge: "With all my soul, I would like to be at your service ... But—it is absolutely impossible! ...The text!! As for the music, it should be reworked. But, I'm sorry, there is no time for that".

946:

deciphered the markings Sibelius had written in blue pencil over the opera's original sheet music. Collectively, they constituted a hidden concert overture lasting about 12 minutes. Sibelius arranged the piece in 1900 for concerts in Turku. He conducted the

508:. According to Achté, by the time rehearsals began a fortnight before the premiere, Sibelius had not yet finished the finale: "I constantly have to ... give him a very necessary reminder that we can't guess what his music is; we need the notes on the page". 798:, however. First, his diary from the beginning of 1910, lists the opera—and parenthetically singles out the chorus's spring music from Scene 3—under the title "Old Pieces to be Revised". Second, Sibelius's opus list from August 1911 places the overture to 1677:

opera, which they believed to be symbolic of nationhood; to do so, they would need a permanent company with an opera house and a Finnish-language repertoire at its disposal. Swedish-speaking Helsinki already had a permanent theatre company housed at the

1344:; powerless, the maiden collapses into the arms of the "cowardly villain". After a first orchestral interlude, Scene 2 finds the Maiden imprisoned in the castle. She kneels in prayer from the tower balcony, and asks the Virgin Mary to protect her (" 671:

successful and beautiful", although each could have benefited from concision. "It is natural that the first attempt is not always the best, and so it is here," Merikanto concluded. " may soon follow this work with a new, bigger opera in Finnish soon!"

1036:

Before Hannikainen's research, scholars had assumed that Sibelius had conducted in Turku the opera's original overture, despite the fact that it would have made an ineffective concert piece due to its short duration and inconclusive ending. In 2019,

689:

hoped that Sibelius would write a Finnish opera next. Finally, in terms of the four soloists, all critics wrote glowingly of their singing (if not always their acting), although there was a sense that the production was under-rehearsed.

1758:

organized a competition that provided domestic composers with the following brief: submit before the end of 1896 a Finnish-language opera about Finland's history or mythology; the winning composer and librettist receive 2000 and 400

1673:. Whereas the former sought to preserve the privileged position of the Swedish language, the latter desired to promote Finnish as a means of inventing a distinctive national identity. One goal of the Fennomans was to develop 337:

has entered neither the Finnish nor the international repertories, and its significance is therefore primarily as a historical curiosity: Sibelius's lone opera. Accordingly, it has been recorded only a few times, with

1470:

Suite (Op. 11). Coloristically, the opera's idiom is relatively cheerful for Sibelius, who is known for his darker textures and melancholy sound—although, Karl Flodin still discerned the composer's "distinctive

1526:

in Scenes 2 and 4. As for Wagner, Sibelius purposefully eschewed the techniques of the German master, his use of Wagnerian harmonies in Scene 4's love duet notwithstanding. First, Sibelius does not use

1985:

Despite its resurrection in 1981, in the intervening decades Sibelius's opera has entered neither the Finnish or the international repertories, and performances have been rare. The most common explanation for

1800:'s Swedish-language libretto. First, Hertzberg's selection as librettist probably guaranteed a story in Swedish; he was known not only for his Swedish-language historical novels and translations of Finnish 2503:'s mournful music uncongenial. Second, the period 1899–1900 found Sibelius returning to, and revising, his earlier works in anticipation of the Helsinki Philharmonic Society's Finnish music concert at the 1531:; rather the work is entirely lyrical and melodic. Second, although Sibelius gives themes to the Maiden (see first music example), the Bailiff, and the Lover (see second music example), he does not use 745:

after three performances, claiming that he wanted to revise the score. As a result, several near-term productions of the opera had to be abandoned, the first of which was a probable performance at the

1789:. But Sibelius abandoned this opera due to self-doubt and artistic evolution. In the end, the Society received no submissions, and when Sibelius finally emerged with his first opera, it was 1896's 2052:

concurs, writing that "the music constantly intrigues and engages the listener"; the younger Järvi "makes this piece really sing", although the BIS recording benefits from the Finnish baritone

2765:

Weilin's translation never materialized, presumably because Sibelius withdrew the opera. In 1906, Sibelius gave Jalmari Finne permission to translate the libretto, but the plans fell through.

880:

was important to Sibelius: he instructed that it should only be performed if accompanied by a presentation recounting its background, a wish that the musicologist and Sibelius biographer

531:. Ironically given Sibelius's repudiation of Wagner, the soirée began with the Helsinki Philharmonic Society—in the stands and directed by Kajanus—playing the march from the overture to 6261: 5647: 5632: 1041:

published as the Concert Overture, reconstructed and edited by Hannikainen. The piece received its world premiere on 23 May 2021, with Hannikainen conducting the chamber orchestra

808:(Op. 7, 1892) and connects the two with the inscription "reworkable". Sibelius may have considered uniting them into one piece, with the opera's concert overture from 1900 joining 685:", which the reviewer thought would be to the work's "great advantage ... because it has the opportunity to become a sensation even beyond our borders". However, like Merikanto, 1920:

has moments of unmistakable effectiveness ... as in the symphonies, Sibelius shows his command of musical movement and his capacity to build up a convincingly realized climax".

310:

he conducted a 12-minute concert overture that incorporated material from five of the opera's numbers), he suppressed the work. (In 1914, for example, he quashed the Finnish soprano

4656:

Hautsalo, Liisamaija (2015). "Strategic Nationalism Towards the Imagined Community: The Rise and Success Story of Finnish Opera". In Belina-Johnson, Anastasia; Scott, Derek (eds.).

402:

and music school. It was a curious moment in his career for Sibelius to agree to an opera-like project: since August 1894, he had labored to convert his abandoned, Finnish-language

2495:. Hannikainen offers two reasons why Sibelius might have made the change. First, on 13 February 1900, Sibelius's third child, Kirsti (born 14 November 1898) had died of 1456:

are modest: only the clarinet and the horn is doubled, and he makes do with neither expansive percussion nor a large string section. The scoring thus gives the piece the feel of

1340:, thou my shining star". When his pleas do not persuade the Maiden, he seeks to seduce her with material riches. This proposal she also rebuffs, and so the Bailiff determines to 4972: 1763:, respectively. Sibelius had seemed an obvious candidate to inaugurate a new vernacular era, as he had become a favorite of the Fennomans with his Finnish-language masterpiece 884:

lecture—printed in the program and given by him over the radio—fulfilled. Moreover, to resurrect the opera, Jalas commissioned new fair copies of the score, using Sibelius's

2818: 2511:

for this purpose, with the Turku concerts providing him the opportunity to test its effectiveness as a concert item. In the end, Sibelius was represented at the event by:

2350:

Some sources incorrectly list the name of the tenor who originated the role of the Lover as "Engström". According to newspaper accounts, the vocalist was "E. Eklund".

1628:

the theme of an innocent maid cruelly incarcerated against her will offered the perfect subtext to the Finnish minded, who had been personifying their beloved country as '

2066:

applauds her for "cop valiantly with Sibelius's occasionally stratospheric demands ... the heroine". The table below lists all commercially available recordings of

541:

and, for dramatic effect, the amateur chorus behind the stage. The four soloists, who sang before a "striking" backdrop of a towered castle to the right of a springtime

560:

as the Bailiff, the tenor E. Eklund as the Lover, and Achté as the Chatelaine. At the end of the opera, the audience cheered Sibelius and the soloists to several

2798:

Refers to the year in which the performers recorded the work; this may not be the same as the year in which the recording was first released to the general public.

768:

on several occasions. In 1900, he arranged a 12-minute concert overture that incorporated material from five of the opera's nine numbers and conducted it twice in

6854: 6015: 645:, 'Felicien' wrote that the "beautiful" music was "interesting ... and finely orchestrated", if "wasted" on such an underwhelming story. In the same paper, 1951:"cannot be considered a masterpiece", it is nonetheless a "musically ... interesting" amalgam of "Sibelian national romanticism" and "frenetic accents of 1931:: as a commissioned work, it lacks "any inner prompting or inclination ... it completely negligible". Similarly, the musicologist and Sibelius biographer 1357:

After a second orchestral interlude, Scene 4 finds the Maiden's true love, a freeborn peasant singing an aria in which he dreamily proclaims his desires ("

5021: 5060:(28 January 1981). "Sibeliuksen ainokainen ooppera ensiesitettiin arpajaisjuhlissa" [Sibelius's sole opera saw its premiere at a lottery draw event]. 2499:; her "death was a terrible blow to him ... his grief was so marked that he never spoke of her again". Under such circumstances, Sibelius may have found 1648:). It is unclear, however, whether the simplicity of Hertzberg's libretto is evidence for or against an allegorical interpretation: while the music author 816:. Yet, Sibelius never overhauled any part of the opera—as he put it later in life, "The maiden may remain in her tower". When Emmy's daughter, the soprano 4988: 1732: 5924: 5912: 5725: 5639: 4828:

Wilker, Ulrich (2021). "In the Lab with Wagner: Jean Sibelius's Jungfrun i tornet (JS 101) as Experiment". In Kauppala, Anne; Knust, Martin (eds.).

477: 5076: 1568:'s small scale, in terms of both duration and instrumentation, is the antithesis of Wagnerian opera. Instead, Sibelius may have taken as his model 5235: 5209: 2334:

Tawaststjerna misreports the date of the opera's premiere as 9 November 1896 in both his biography of Sibelius and his liner notes to 1983's

2048:"may not be top-drawer Sibelius", it nonetheless makes an "appreciable impact" in Paavo Järvi's "more compelling" interpretation. Rob Barnett of 5163: 476:

to serve as librettist. Although little is known about Hertzberg's writing process, he produced a Swedish-language libretto based on a popular,

2056:"darker and huskier" vocal work as the Bailiff. Critics have also praised Paavo Järvi's recording for the performance of the Norwegian soprano 1616:. This is part due to Sibelius's role in the 1890s as an artist at the center of the nationalist cause in Finland: he not only married into an 459:

approve ... These entertainments ... with music, drama, dancing, drinking, and eating mingled with the fund-raising ... lavish

5366: 5230: 4837: 4818: 4770: 4740: 4717: 4665: 4646: 4611: 4570: 4522: 2586: 236: 91: 5557: 5930: 5918: 5786: 5779: 5589: 2203: 2035: 5033: 4956: 4943: 4931: 1624:

circle of liberal artists and writers. "Opera was an obvious choice for giving wings to the spirit of national aspirations," Goss writes,

2060:

as the Maiden. For example, Allison writes that she "sings glowingly ... and is haunting in her prayer ", while Andrew Achenbach of

1880:

calls it a "slender but typically appealing effort ... vocal writing throughout is effective and confident". The music journalist

6221: 6021: 1814:), but also for his longtime association with the Swedish-language press. Second, Sibelius also was more comfortable with Swedish, his 6058: 438:(Op. 22); their respective premieres on 17 April 1895 and 13 April 1896 were the culmination of his metamorphosis from 4695: 4548: 4503: 1936:

spring music in Scene 3 are, respectively, "undoubtedly impressive" and "captivating and haunting". Finally, the music critic

446:. But Sibelius probably thought the lottery soirée was a good cause, and moreover, a critical tool of the Finnish resistance. The 7000: 6985: 5980: 5971: 5962: 5565: 842: 327: 1033:

wrote that the Overture numbered among "Sibelius’s minor works" despite its "originality and richness of ... invention".

6170: 6115: 6103: 4792: 5698: 1793:

to a Swedish libretto. In its reviews, the Finnish-language press asked for Sibelius's next opera to be in the vernacular.

6176: 6164: 6064: 2504: 2133: 2023: 1700: 1445: 399: 343: 291: 200: 6955: 5009: 1613: 1545: 1535:

in the traditional sense, because these themes are not developed—either musically or psychologically—upon their returns.

1489: 243:("dramatized Finnish ballad") in one act—comprising an overture and eight scenes—written in 1896 by the Finnish composer 6821: 6192: 6186: 6158: 5717: 5682: 5532: 4810: 4780: 4705: 2534: 2237: 1932: 1877: 1662: 970: 749:

at the end of 1896 or beginning of 1897. Second, at the behest of Achté, Sibelius and the vocalists had agreed to mount

5139: 6917: 5202: 4485: 6085: 6035: 5334: 5048:(28 January 1981). "Sibeliuksen ooppera vuodelta 1896 esiin" [Sibelius's opera from 1896 out in the open]. 2439: 1755: 1745: 2310:

The 12-minute Concert Overture is distinct from the overture of the opera, the duration of which is three minutes.

373: 6792: 6001: 5310: 5304: 5298: 5288: 5282: 5276: 5270: 5260: 2518: 2474: 2233: 1715:

opera written to a Finnish libretto, and in 1879 the Finnish Opera Company folded due to financial difficulties.

1596: 1046: 1042: 1020:

observed that the Concert Overture was received with, respectively, "great pleasure" and "sympathetic applause".

272: 6460: 5516: 2382: 639: 6882: 5894: 4898: 1016: 4731:

at the Vyborg Song Festival, 1908". In Kauppala, Anne; Broman-Kananen, Ulla-Britta; Hesselager, Jens (eds.).

2377:(translated into Finnish); three special admission tableaux in the Sofia Room arranged by the Finnish artist 953: 6995: 6465: 2460:

This article uses the Finnish name for municipalities in Finland; the Swedish name provided parenthetically.

2179: 1645: 1641: 618:

The critics penned mixed reviews, skewering Hertzberg's libretto but mostly complimenting Sibelius's music.

443: 346:

having made the world premiere studio recording in 1983. A typical performance lasts about 36 minutes.

284: 6859: 6656: 5870: 4765:(2nd ed.). Jyväskylä, Finland: Finnish Music Information Center (FIMIC) & Gummerus Kirjapaino Oy. 2713: 2678: 948: 572:—the former for the benefit of the orchestra and music school, while the latter raised funds for Sibelius. 521: 6944: 6872: 6377: 6371: 5858: 5814: 5613: 5597: 5396: 5195: 4683: 4675: 4495: 2753: 2477:, which she had founded in 1912. However, he cites no sources and Hannikainen does not mention this event. 2396: 1637: 1617: 889: 494: 268: 182: 139: 6912: 6787: 2743:

Hannikainen disputes this explanation, arguing that Sibelius had made great strides with Finnish by 1896.

2615:

Hertzberg advocated for women's equality, and his views likely found expression in the Chatelaine's role.

1937: 537:. Afterwards, Sibelius assumed conducting duties, with the twenty-person orchestra now positioned in the 6928: 6838: 6816: 6598: 6028: 5838: 5831: 5581: 5453: 4580: 2644: 2062: 1924: 1395: 1247: 936: 919: 682: 6826: 6567: 6437: 5445: 5416: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3316: 3314: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3182: 2634: 2529: 2216: 2143: 1302: 959: 909: 850: 533: 503: 434: 322:

would not receive its next complete performance until 28 January 1981, when Sibelius's son-in-law

6775: 6401: 4919: 991: 872:

as the Chatelaine. The opera, performed as a concert item rather than staged, was broadcast live over

526: 6990: 6744: 6603: 6443: 6214: 6198: 6143: 5761: 5749: 5573: 5477: 5461: 5350: 5171: 4762: 2248: 2155: 2002:

might more fairly be categorized with and compared to Sibelius's other lottery music, such as 1893's

1575: 1001:

conducted a third performance of the Concert Overture. The critical reviews were brief but positive.

987: 885: 869: 6799: 6562: 6496: 6358: 1786: 498: 6739: 6709: 6661: 6636: 6539: 6321: 6071: 5825: 5741: 5605: 5469: 5428: 5252: 3250: 3248: 3246: 2718: 2683: 2523: 2491: 2428: 2211: 2057: 1196: 996: 804: 773: 746: 721: 598: 557: 295: 3134: 3132: 2148: 1231:

Scene 1: Allegro molto. A duet for the Maiden and the Bailiff that ends with the first orchestral

855: 385:, who recruited Sibelius for the lottery, created the role of the Chatelaine at the 1896 premiere. 6714: 6651: 6586: 6340: 6227: 5654: 5540: 5497: 4894: 4802: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3112: 2406: 2040: 1854: 1649: 1548: 1492: 1022: 881: 646: 634: 6574: 6389: 6383: 5886: 4733:

Tracing Operatic Performances in the Long Nineteenth Century: Practices, Performers, Peripheries

3230: 3228: 3226: 1881: 1777:, the 1893–1894 project in which Sibelius had aspired to write a mythological, Finnish-language 1116: 837:

received its twentieth-century premiere on 28 January 1981, when the composer's son-in-law

602: 546: 299: 5057: 1942: 1744:, the father of Finnish opera, wrote two Swedish-language operas (1852 and 1860); in 1891, the 1003: 7010: 6902: 6780: 6759: 6754: 6529: 6406: 6395: 6208: 5690: 5666: 4884: 4867: 4833: 4814: 4788: 4766: 4736: 4713: 4691: 4661: 4642: 4607: 4601: 4588: 4566: 4544: 4532: 4518: 4499: 3462: 3460: 1823: 1319: 624:

printed an unsigned review that found the opera had a "genuinely Sibelian mood" and "virtuoso

620: 276: 5118: 4881:(CD booklet). Neemi Järvi & Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra. BIS. p. 4–6. CD–250. 4641:] (D.Mus) (in Finnish). Helsinki: Sibelius Academy, the University of the Arts Helsinki. 4628: 2446:

won by default; it remained unperformed until its premiere at the 1908 Vipurii Song Festival.

1060:

is in one act, comprising an overture and eight scenes. It features four vocal soloists, two

941: 924: 6887: 6877: 6534: 6501: 4558: 2368: 2160: 1844: 1592: 1341: 589: 473: 462: 451: 248: 113: 103: 6831: 5045: 2752:

Permanent, bilingual operatic activity would not begin until 1911 with the founding of the

2221: 772:(Åbo) in early April. A few years later, in June 1905 and October 1906, the Finnish writer 712: 662: 7005: 6907: 6864: 6626: 6430: 6346: 6334: 6247: 6078: 5940: 5356: 5119:"Sibelius: The Maiden in the Tower; Pelléas et Mélisande (incidental music); Valse triste" 5097: 4968: 4904: 4878:

Jean Sibelius: The Maiden in the Tower, opera in one act / Karelia Suite, Op. 11

4712:. (Unlocking the Masters Series, No. 12). Pompton Plains, New Jersey: Amadeus Press. 4679: 2726: 2601: 2578: 2423: 2378: 2253: 2228: 1780: 1688: 1679: 1633: 1569: 1513: 1323: 1038: 667: 625: 407: 403: 264: 6180: 2628:

is allegorical, then it would join other works by Sibelius that fit a similar theme: the

1640:); although she endures hardship, she remains true to herself and is freed subsequently ( 964: 735:

were unsuccessful in trying to revive Sibelius's opera (respectively, for 1908 and 1914).

271:); although she endures hardship, she remains true to herself and is freed subsequently ( 5077:"Avanti! conducted by Tuomas Hannikainen resurrects Sibelius work dormant for 120 years" 6897: 6749: 6729: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6684: 6679: 6641: 6621: 6608: 6491: 6448: 6291: 6273: 6126: 6052: 5878: 5408: 4876: 4855: 4755: 2807: 2689: 2574: 2392: 2197: 2138: 2127: 2053: 2031: 2019: 1760: 1741: 1711: 1683: 1629: 1509: 1474: 1433: 918:

In 1900, Sibelius arranged a concert overture from the opera. This was rediscovered by

865: 861: 846: 422: 396: 339: 2410:(Kajanus conducting). This "spectacular" tableau stole the show and was twice encored. 1876:

as an "early masterwork ... in spite of some weaknesses", while the music critic

58: 6979: 6922: 6892: 6804: 6631: 6615: 6524: 6470: 6363: 6315: 6284: 5794: 5485: 5344: 5218: 4750: 2561: 2374: 1850: 1815: 1462: 1457: 1148: 817: 732: 673: 538: 392: 382: 311: 244: 49: 1859: 1027: 612:

created, respectively, the roles of the Bailiff and the Maiden at the 1896 premiere.

6969: 6734: 6724: 6544: 6326: 6096: 5850: 5548: 2783: 2582: 1835:

balanced during its premiere with the performance of a Finnish-language version of

1466:(JS 115) from 1893; for example, the overture recalls the Intermezzo from the 1351: 778: 726: 580: 561: 447: 364: 5159: 1886: 1232: 280: 2688:. However, it was never performed and only partially survives. Finally, in 1887, 1872:

Most commentators have viewed Sibelius's music positively. Hannikainen describes

17: 6811: 6719: 6689: 6552: 6486: 6352: 5674: 2775: 2711:

Hertzberg had been the editor, theatre and art critic, and literary reporter of

2335: 2184: 2027: 1974: 1969: 1916:(Op. 35/1, 1908). "Considering that it is a first attempt," he continues, " 1421: 838: 520:

premiered on 7 November 1896 at a sold-out concert in the ballroom of the

323: 256: 6591: 4984: 651: 290:

The opera premiered on 7 November 1896 at a lottery soirée to benefit the

6646: 6519: 5733: 5164:"Incidental music: Jungfrun i tornet (The Maiden in the Tower), one-act opera" 2038:

also recorded the opera. Critics have favored the more recent performance. In

1810: 1674: 1632:' since 1890". Read from this perspective, the story transforms: the Bailiff ( 1528: 1441: 6579: 1796:

Scholars have offered several explanations for the seeming conundrum that is

1773:

for soloists, male choir, and orchestra. The competition was the impulse for

1121: 607: 551: 304: 6557: 5802: 5437: 4632: 2933: 2931: 2786: 2629: 2557: 2513: 1828: 1670: 1666: 1532: 1523: 1437: 1379: 1337: 1287:

Included, all or in part, in the concert overture Sibelius arranged in 1900.

1143: 978: 900: 418: 1452:. Relative to his other orchestral works, the forces Sibelius requires for 1008: 4787:. (The Master Musicians Series) (4th ed.). New York: Schirmer Books. 4592: 4888: 1801: 1769: 1429: 1407: 1387: 1191: 787:(Vyborg) rural theatre—wrote to Sibelius with a two-part plan to program 629: 564:; the evening continued with the lottery as well as additional tableaux. 395:

that he would write a one-act stage work for a lottery soirée to benefit

252: 178: 5098:"The Maiden in the Tower makes its second and finest appearance on disc" 2507:, during which his music would feature. Sibelius might have resurrected 703: 255:

of whom tells a "simple tale of chivalry" that may nonetheless have had

6152: 5384: 4757:

Inventing Finnish Music: Contemporary Composers from Medieval to Modern

2640: 1588: 1518: 1425: 1417: 1399: 1375: 1111: 784: 758: 754: 489: 315: 294:, which Sibelius conducted, and its music school; the Finnish baritone 260: 6964: 2026:

made the world premiere studio recording on 2 September 1983 for

1558:

The Lover's theme, at the beginning of Scene 4 (measures 867–882)

6309: 2666: 2496: 1502:

The Maiden's theme, at the beginning of the Overture (measures 45–53)

1449: 986:(Op. 31/3). The next day, Sibelius repeated this program at the 439: 4537:

Jean Sibelius: Thematisch-bibliographisches Verzeichnis seiner Werke

888:

and the original orchestral parts by copyist Ernst Röllig. In 1983,

4946:[Yesterday's raffle in favor of the Philharmonic Society]. 1723: 892:

published Jalas's sheet music; an updated edition arrived in 2014.

1383: 1168: 769: 542: 391:

On 25 April 1896 Sibelius promised the Finnish mezzo-soprano

240: 44: 3577: 3575: 3573: 5187: 2819:

P. Järvi–Virgin (7243 5 45493 2 8) 2002

2577:

recorded the Maiden's aria as a stand-alone orchestral song for

1403: 1391: 1216: 1065: 1061: 5191: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3803: 3801: 3799: 2789:

of his 28 January 1981 performance. It last 37:18 minutes.

1620:

identified with the Finnish resistance, but also he joined the

876:. According to Jalas, a proper historical contextualization of 4866:] (in Finnish). Helsinki: Fennica Gehrman. p. i–vii. 4201: 4199: 873: 4294: 4292: 4216: 4214: 3934: 3932: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3266: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2906: 2904: 2902: 1864:

was selected to translate Hertzberg's libretto into Finnish.

4934:[The lottery in favor of the Philharmonic Society]. 3524: 3522: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3007: 1274:

Scene 6: Allegro molto A duet for the Lover and the Bailiff.

1255:

Scene 3: Allegro. Ends with the second orchestral interlude.

4975:[Jean Sibelius's opera "The Maiden in the Tower"]. 4174: 4172: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3056: 3054: 969:

on 7 April; also on the program was the five-movement

4541:

Jean Sibelius: A Thematic Bibliographic Index of His Works

3486: 3320: 3194: 1644:) by her Lover (Finnish nationalists) and the Chatelaine ( 4267: 4265: 3895: 3893: 3289: 3287: 1547:

Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can

1491:

Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can

1271:

Scene 5: Largamente. A duet for the Maiden and the Lover.

6262:

Songs for Mixed Chorus from the 1897 Promotional Cantata

5648:

Cantata for the University Graduation Ceremonies of 1897

5633:

Cantata for the University Graduation Ceremonies of 1894

4926:(in Finnish). No. 274. 25 November 1891. p. 4. 4563:

Sibelius: A Composer's Life and the Awakening of Finland

3949: 3947: 1993:

Hannikainen posits a second explanation. He argues that

1748:

held a competition for the first Finnish-language opera.

247:. The piece was a collaboration with the Finnish author 4950:(in Finnish). No. 261. 8 November 1896. p. 2. 4938:(in Swedish). No. 305. 8 November 1896. p. 5. 4432: 4430: 4135: 4133: 2391:" on the program), performed by Ingrid Silfverhjelm to 1608:

Several commentators have discerned within the plot of

4543:] (in German). Wiesbaden: Breitkopf & Härtel. 3884: 3831: 3778: 3447: 3445: 3254: 3169: 3167: 3154: 3152: 3150: 990:. Finally, on 10 April at the Fire Brigade Hall, 820:, wrote to him in November 1913 requesting to program 6953: 1923:

Conversely, the musicologist and Sibelius biographer

1710:, 1860). Success was hard-won: in 1872, the Fennoman 1661:

From the 1870s to the 1890s, the politics of Finland

1068:. A typical performance lasts about 36 minutes. 4944:"Eiliset arpajaishuvil Filharmoonisen seura hyväksi" 4932:"Lotteriet till förmån for Filharmoniska sällskapet" 3214: 3138: 1508:

Stylistically, commentators have detected echoes of

6847: 6768: 6672: 6512: 6479: 6418: 6302: 6240: 6136: 6045: 5993: 5955: 5905: 5772: 5709: 5624: 5508: 5376: 5327: 5245: 5040:(in Swedish). No. 96. 8 April 1900. p. 2. 5028:(in Finnish). No. 82. 8 April 1900. p. 3. 4073: 3234: 2115: 196: 188: 174: 159: 154: 146: 135: 119: 109: 98: 87: 75: 36: 4754: 1955:", especially the "earthy passions" of Mascagni's 5140:"Sibelius: The Maiden in the Tower P. Järvi" 4922:[Competition prize for a Finnish opera]. 4587:(2nd ed.). London: Oxford University Press. 4517:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. 3466: 2469:Tawaststjerna notes a request by Ackté to revive 2422:The first opera to a Finnish libretto belongs to 4832:. Helsinki: Sibelius Academy. pp. 377–391. 4735:. Helsinki: Sibelius Academy. pp. 269–288. 4710:Sibelius: The Orchestral Works—An Owner's Manual 3087: 3085: 3083: 3081: 2319:Hannikainen provides a slightly different name, 472:Achté had earlier contracted the Finnish author 5036:[Jean Sibelius's composition concert]. 5024:[Jean Sibelius's composition concert]. 2724:from 1875 to 1889, and had also contributed to 2442:second competition. Being the only submission, 456: 6855:International Jean Sibelius Violin Competition 4973:"Jean Sibeliuksen ooppera "Jungfrun i tornet"" 5203: 4421: 4244: 4151: 4088: 3923: 3911: 3872: 3860: 3843: 3819: 3807: 3790: 3766: 3754: 3730: 3718: 3706: 3694: 3682: 3670: 3634: 3622: 3610: 3593: 3581: 3540: 3513: 3278: 3103: 3072: 2998: 2937: 2922: 2672: 2649: 2632: 2433: 2386: 2320: 2293: 2287: 1956: 1907: 1897: 1831:programming. Indeed, not only was Sibelius's 1705: 1693: 1573: 1472: 1358: 1345: 1259: 1239: 1238:Scene 2: Molto sostenuto. The Maiden's aria " 1206: 1181: 1158: 1133: 1101: 761:below the inscription: "Now Rafael is dead". 481: 427: 412: 223: 215: 79: 8: 2697: 2418: 2416: 2399: 2366: 2360: 2076: 1842: 1836: 1778: 1460:, and in its sonority, it is reminiscent of 1258:Scene 4: Allegro moderato The Lover's aria " 681:'s "Finnish stamp", before proclaiming its " 460: 4920:"Kilpapalkinto Suomalaista oopperaa varten" 4727:Ketomäki, Hannele (2017). "The Premiere of 4409: 4397: 4373: 4361: 4349: 4337: 4298: 4220: 4205: 4190: 4163: 4112: 3989: 3965: 3646: 3564: 3528: 3436: 3419: 3407: 3388: 3376: 3364: 3352: 3340: 3305: 3060: 3045: 3021: 2973: 2910: 2677:), written in 1853 by the Finnish composer 2599: 2489:concert overture was a late substitute for 833:Twenty-three years after Sibelius's death, 5210: 5196: 5188: 5170:. Finnish Club of Helsinki. Archived from 4900:Ladies in High Places: Two Operatic Towers 4639:The Maiden in the Tower: Sibelius on Stage 2306: 2304: 495:Imperial Alexander's University of Finland 57: 33: 5726:The Breaking of the Ice on the Oulu River 5640:Cantata for the Coronation of Nicholas II 4460: 2865: 2853: 2841: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2346: 2344: 2102: 1822:in 1891, his letters to his then-fiancée 4565:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 4325: 4178: 4124: 4100: 4061: 4049: 4037: 4025: 4013: 2282: 2280: 2072: 1968: 1686:, two notable, Swedish-language operas: 1636:) abducts and imprisons the Maiden (the 1587: 1070: 935:In 2019, the musicologist and conductor 677:ran an anonymous column that also noted 267:) abducts and imprisons the Maiden (the 229:; occasionally translated to English as 6960: 4959:[A lottery for the orchestra]. 4870: 979-0-55011-734-1. KL 78.52. 4660:. London: Routledge. pp. 191–210. 4448: 4436: 4283: 4232: 3977: 3938: 3899: 3658: 3552: 3501: 3451: 3293: 2949: 2893: 2834: 2276: 1981:its first performance in 85 years. 1927:posits that Sibelius's heart wasn't in 5016:(in Swedish). No. 333. p. 6. 5003:(in Swedish). No. 314. p. 3. 4979:(in Finnish). No. 262. p. 2. 4963:(in Swedish). No. 305. p. 3. 4310: 4271: 4004:, pp. 39, 117, 135–136, 144, 192. 3953: 3742: 1595:libretto was possibly an allegory for 5367:Suite for Violin and String Orchestra 5022:"Jean Sibeliuksen säwellys-konsertti" 2587:City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra 2548: 2546: 2044:, John Allison argues that, although 1612:a possible allegory for the period's 1082: 1079: 1076: 1073: 979:Music for the Press Celebrations Days 454:describes these evenings as follows: 432:, Op. 15) and the four-movement 29:One act opera by Jean Sibelius (1896) 7: 6202: 5945: 5034:"Jean Sibelius' kompositionskonsert" 4903:(Concert program). Buxton, England: 4634:Neito tornissa: Sibelius näyttämöllä 4385: 4256: 4139: 4001: 3173: 3158: 3033: 2961: 2881: 2877: 2204:Estonian National Symphony Orchestra 2036:Estonian National Symphony Orchestra 330:resurrected it for a radio concert. 6222:Giv mig ej glans, ej guld, ej prakt 5710:Other voice(s) & orchestra 4603:Jean Sibelius: Life, Music, Silence 1657:Opera and Finland's language strife 1642:Finland's struggle for independence 4807:Sibelius: Volume I, 1865–1905 2952:, pp. 83, 88, 94–95, 101–103. 2663:A third Swedish-language opera is 2404:from act 2 of the 1883 opera 2116: 1868:Later opinions of Sibelius's music 1754:Acting as a catalyst, in 1891 the 25: 5426: 1897, 1900, 1939; includes 4854:Hannikainen, Tuomas, ed. (2020). 3091: 2778:never made a studio recording of 2702:), to a German-language libretto. 2295:dramatisoitu suomalainen ballaadi 976:(Op. 27), excerpts from the 468:enough to take one's breath away. 442:acolyte to "tone painter" in the 6963: 6940: 6939: 6278: 6266: 6090: 5819: 5807: 5010:"Rafäel Hertzberg [död]" 2018:The Estonian-American conductor 1731: 1722: 1301: 908: 899: 843:Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra 764:Sibelius's thoughts returned to 711: 702: 588: 579: 480:, Finnish-language folk ballad, 372: 363: 328:Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra 6254: 5863: 5843: 5754: 5659: 5490: 5423: 5401: 5389: 5360: 5338: 5292: 5264: 4606:. Reaktion Books. p. 308. 4494:] (in Swedish and German). 2808:N. Järvi–BIS (CD–250) 1984 1818:. For example, while composing 1656: 516:Sibelius met his deadline, and 5925:String Quartet in B-flat major 5919:String Quartet in A minor 5913:String Quartet in E-flat major 5236:Discography of symphony cycles 5008:A. S. (6 December 1896). 2264:Notes, references, and sources 2170:Gothenburg Concert Hall Choir 1512:"erotic lyricism", as well as 1347:Sancta Maria, mild och nåderik 1342:take her as his bride by force 1241:Sancta Maria, mild och nåderik 783:—who was then director of the 1: 6513:Colleagues & friends 6006: 5359: (1917–1918, No. 1 5314: 5012:[Rafael Hertzberg ]. 4091:, pp. 100, 102–103, 106. 2573:In 2001, the Finnish soprano 2438:) in 1898 in response to the 2395:"brilliant" choreography and 2292:"; the original Finnish is: " 2134:Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra 2024:Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra 1965:Reasons for post-1981 neglect 1533:Wagnerian leitmotif technique 1322:, which depicts the medieval 1312: 794:Sibelius had not given up on 400:Helsinki Philharmonic Society 344:Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra 292:Helsinki Philharmonic Society 201:Helsinki Philharmonic Society 64: 6220: (1897–1913; includes " 6179: (1903–1904; includes " 5520: (1893–1894, abandoned) 4955:Felicien (8 November 1896). 4875:Tawaststjerna, Erik (1984). 3980:, pp. 139–140, 175–176. 2940:, pp. 141–143, 158–160. 2639:(Op. 29, 1900) and the 2440:Finnish Literature Society's 2238:Estonian National Male Choir 1912:; Op. 38/2, 1903), and 1544: 1488: 1360:Ack, när jag ser hennes drag 1261:Ack, när jag ser hennes drag 556:as the Maiden, the baritone 497:following the retirement of 333:In the intervening decades, 6918:Sibelius Society of Finland 6199:"Kom nu hit, död", Op. 60/1 5931:String Quartet in D minor, 4813:. London: Faber and Faber. 3885:Edition Wilhelm Hansen 1995 3832:Edition Wilhelm Hansen 1995 3779:Edition Wilhelm Hansen 1995 2362:Bonsoir, Monsieur Pantalon! 1838:Bonsoir, Monsieur Pantalon! 7027: 6086:The Bells of Kallio Church 5871:Scènes historiques II 5144:musicweb-international.com 5096:Achenbach, Andrew (2002). 2782:, Voce Records released a 2692:composed his final opera, 2581:(8573 80243–2), with 2286:The original Swedish is: " 1756:Finnish Literature Society 1746:Finnish Literature Society 849:; the four soloists were: 694:Withdrawal and suppression 6937: 5815:Scènes historiques I 5718:The Rapids-Rider's Brides 5590:The Language of the Birds 5225: 5064:(in Finnish). p. 47. 5052:(in Finnish). p. 18. 4957:"Lotteriet för orkestern" 2475:Savonlinna Opera Festival 2387: 2359:Also on the program was: 2294: 2289:dramatiserad finsk ballad 2288: 2192: 2122: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2075: 1904:On the Veranda by the Sea 1473: 1318:) by the Finnish painter 1266:"Ah, when I see her face" 1207: 1182: 1159: 1134: 1102: 1092: 1089: 1047:Finnish House of Nobility 984:The Song of the Athenians 163:7 November 1896 56: 43: 6883:Sibelius Academy Quartet 6426:Helsinki Music Institute 5826:Overture in A minor 5780:Overture in E major 5517:The Building of the Boat 5509:Opera & theatre 5146:. MusicWeb International 4600:Grimley, Daniel (2021). 4513:Barnett, Andrew (2007). 4484:Sibelius, Jean (1995) . 2527:and its companion piece 2373:by the Belgian composer 1902:; Op. 38/1, 1904), 1849:by the Belgian composer 1775:The Building of the Boat 958:for its premiere at the 450:and Sibelius biographer 408:The Building of the Boat 298:and the Finnish soprano 7001:Swedish-language operas 6986:Operas by Jean Sibelius 6065:Ten Pieces, Op. 24 6016:Pieces for brass septet 5981:Piano Trio in C major, 5972:Piano Trio in D major, 5963:Piano Trio in A minor, 5832:Romance in C major 5765: (1910, abandoned) 5745: (1905, abandoned) 5525:The Maiden in the Tower 4997:The Maiden in the Tower 4492:The Maiden in the Tower 2780:The Maiden in the Tower 2626:The Maiden in the Tower 2554:The Maiden in the Tower 2509:The Maiden in the Tower 2487:The Maiden in the Tower 2471:The Maiden in the Tower 2444:The Maiden of the North 2429:The Maiden of the North 2180:Gothenburg Concert Hall 2068:The Maiden in the Tower 2046:The Maiden in the Tower 2008:Press Celebrations Days 2000:The Maiden in the Tower 1995:The Maiden in the Tower 1988:The Maiden in the Tower 1979:The Maiden in the Tower 1949:The Maiden in the Tower 1929:The Maiden in the Tower 1918:The Maiden in the Tower 1874:The Maiden in the Tower 1833:The Maiden in the Tower 1798:The Maiden in the Tower 1791:The Maiden in the Tower 1614:Russo-Finnish relations 1610:The Maiden in the Tower 1566:The Maiden in the Tower 1549:download the audio file 1522:and "vocally grateful" 1493:download the audio file 1454:The Maiden in the Tower 1372:The Maiden in the Tower 1333:The Maiden in the Tower 1228:Overture: Allegro molto 1085:(7 November 1896) 1058:The Maiden in the Tower 878:The Maiden in the Tower 835:The Maiden in the Tower 822:The Maiden in the Tower 800:The Maiden in the Tower 796:The Maiden in the Tower 789:The Maiden in the Tower 766:The Maiden in the Tower 751:The Maiden in the Tower 743:The Maiden in the Tower 679:The Maiden in the Tower 566:The Maiden in the Tower 518:The Maiden in the Tower 335:The Maiden in the Tower 320:The Maiden in the Tower 314:plans for a revival in 251:, the Swedish-language 210:The Maiden in the Tower 38:The Maiden in the Tower 6873:Sibelius (scorewriter) 6411: (brother-in-law) 6398: (brother-in-law) 6392: (brother-in-law) 6386: (brother-in-law) 5117:Allison, John (2012). 5083:. Avanti!. 25 May 2021 4995:[J. Sibelius 4688:The Viking Opera Guide 4496:Edition Wilhelm Hansen 4154:, pp. 42, 72, 76. 2698: 2673: 2654:) (Op. 48, 1906). 2650: 2633: 2600: 2536:King Christian II 2434: 2400: 2367: 2361: 2325:, for the folk ballad. 2321: 2234:Ellerhein Girls' Choir 2050:MusicWeb International 2034:(Neeme's son) and the 1982: 1957: 1908: 1898: 1843: 1837: 1779: 1706: 1701:The Princess of Cyprus 1694: 1638:Grand Duchy of Finland 1600: 1574: 1359: 1354:"for gold and gloss". 1346: 1260: 1240: 1108:Scenes 1–3, 5, 8 972:King Christian II 890:Edition Wilhelm Hansen 628:", especially for the 482: 470: 461: 435:The Lemminkäinen Suite 428: 413: 273:Finland's independence 269:Grand Duchy of Finland 224: 216: 183:Grand Duchy of Finland 80: 6929:Wihuri Sibelius Prize 6860:Jean Sibelius Quartet 6839:Erik W. Tawaststjerna 6599:Akseli Gallen-Kallela 6457:Post-graduate studies 6433:(theory, composition) 6380: (mother-in-law) 6374: (father-in-law) 6285:Six Partsongs, Op. 18 5895:Suite caractéristique 5454:Nightride and Sunrise 5138:Barnett, Rob (2008). 4658:The Business of Opera 4487:The Jungfrun i Tornet 2714:Helsingfors Dagbladet 2679:Axel Gabriel Ingelius 2651:Vapautettu kuningatar 2505:1900 Paris Exposition 2397:Camille Saint-Saëns's 2322:Neito istuu kammiossa 1972: 1909:På verandan vid havet 1867: 1591: 1352:propositioned herself 949:Turku Musical Society 522:Helsinki Society Hall 232:The Maid in the Tower 6216:Five Christmas Songs 6145:Seven Runeberg Songs 5558:Pelléas et Mélisande 5351:Two Serious Melodies 5231:List of compositions 5125:. BBC Music Magazine 5058:Lampila, Hannu-Ilari 4987:(17 November 1896). 4913:Newspapers (by date) 4830:Wagner and the North 4388:, pp. 192, 232. 4247:, pp. 187, 189. 4235:, pp. 173, 175. 4193:, pp. 119, 121. 4064:, pp. 175, 182. 4016:, pp. 181, 185. 3543:, pp. 225, 231. 3036:, pp. 231, 472. 2598:The Chatelaine is a 2530:Lemminkäinen Returns 2249:Estonia Concert Hall 1958:Cavalleria rusticana 1707:Princessan af Cypern 1604:The plot as allegory 1597:Finnish independence 1584:Context and analysis 1576:Cavalleria rusticana 988:Old Academy Building 886:autograph manuscript 882:Erik Tawaststjerna's 545:, were: the soprano 478:traditional Karelian 277:Finnish nationalists 6913:Sibelius Piano Trio 6740:Jukka-Pekka Saraste 6710:Herbert von Karajan 6673:Select interpreters 6378:Elisabeth Järnefelt 6372:Alexander Järnefelt 6171:Seven Songs, Op. 17 5429:The Swan of Tuonela 5311:Symphony No. 8 5174:on 11 December 2016 5123:classical-music.com 4971:(9 November 1896). 4895:Webber, Christopher 4860:Konserttialkusoitto 4858:[Preface]. 4803:Tawaststjerna, Erik 4629:Hannikainen, Tuomas 4412:, pp. 146–147. 4400:, pp. 162–163. 4376:, pp. 144–144. 4103:, pp. 271–272. 4077:, No. 274 1891 3992:, pp. 116–118. 3941:, pp. 108–109. 3875:, pp. 186–187. 3846:, pp. 186–188. 3355:, pp. 163–165. 3324:, No. 333 1896 3308:, pp. 59, 163. 3258:, No. 261 1896 3238:, No. 262 1896 3218:, No. 314 1896 3198:, No. 305 1896 3142:, No. 305 1896 3048:, pp. viii–ix. 2856:, pp. 556–559. 2674:Junkerns förmyndare 2524:The Swan of Tuonela 2501:The Swan of Tuonela 2492:The Swan of Tuonela 2212:Solveig Kringleborn 2058:Solveig Kringelborn 1947:argues that, while 1938:Hannu-Ilari Lampila 1689:King Charles's Hunt 1663:featured a struggle 1630:the Maid of Finland 1618:aristocratic family 1277:Scene 7: Meno mosso 1250:, gracious and mild 1213:Scenes 3, 7–8 1188:Scenes 1, 6–8 1053:Structure and roles 982:(JS 137), and 747:Royal Swedish Opera 6769:Select biographers 6715:Serge Koussevitzky 6680:Sir Thomas Beecham 6652:Wilhelm Stenhammar 6368: (son-in-law) 6355: (son-in-law) 6349: (son-in-law) 6341:Christian Sibelius 6233: (1917) 6229:Six Runeberg Songs 6177:Five Songs, Op. 38 6165:Five Songs, Op. 37 5699:Väinämöinen's Song 5655:The Origin of Fire 5566:Belshazzar's Feast 5446:Pohjola's Daughter 5417:Lemminkäinen Suite 5046:Heikinheimo, Seppo 5038:Åbo Underrättelser 4989:"J. Sibelius 4907:2012. p. 1–5. 4763:Mäntyjärvi, Jaakko 4690:. London: Viking. 4422:Tawaststjerna 1984 4352:, pp. 11, 18. 4245:Tawaststjerna 2008 4152:Tawaststjerna 2008 4089:Tawaststjerna 2008 3924:Tawaststjerna 2008 3912:Tawaststjerna 2008 3873:Tawaststjerna 2008 3861:Tawaststjerna 2008 3844:Tawaststjerna 2008 3820:Tawaststjerna 2008 3808:Tawaststjerna 2008 3791:Tawaststjerna 1984 3767:Tawaststjerna 1984 3755:Tawaststjerna 1984 3731:Tawaststjerna 1984 3719:Tawaststjerna 1984 3707:Tawaststjerna 1984 3695:Tawaststjerna 1984 3683:Tawaststjerna 1984 3671:Tawaststjerna 1984 3635:Tawaststjerna 1984 3623:Tawaststjerna 1984 3611:Tawaststjerna 1984 3594:Tawaststjerna 1984 3582:Tawaststjerna 1984 3541:Tawaststjerna 2008 3514:Tawaststjerna 2008 3490:, No. 96 1900 3488:Åbo Underrättelser 3470:, No. 82 1900 3279:Tawaststjerna 1984 3104:Tawaststjerna 2008 3073:Tawaststjerna 2008 2999:Tawaststjerna 1984 2938:Tawaststjerna 2008 2923:Tawaststjerna 2008 2041:BBC Music Magazine 1983: 1853:, but afterwards, 1808:and excerpts from 1785:on the subject of 1650:Christopher Webber 1601: 1017:Åbo Underrättelser 937:Tuomas Hannikainen 920:Tuomas Hannikainen 868:as the Lover, and 829:Posthumous revival 741:Sibelius withdrew 444:tradition of Liszt 6951: 6950: 6903:Sibelius Monument 6827:Nils-Eric Ringbom 6755:Leopold Stokowski 6745:Georg Schnéevoigt 6618: (secretary) 6530:Granville Bantock 6438:Mitrofan Vasiliev 6287: (1893–1901) 6193:Two Songs, Op. 35 6187:Six Songs, Op. 50 6173: (1891–1904) 6167: (1900–1902) 6161: (1899–1900) 6159:Six Songs, Op. 36 6155: (1894–1895) 6153:"Serenad", JS 168 6149: (1891–1892) 6067: (1895–1903) 6018: (1889–1899) 5691:Hymn of the Earth 5683:Song of the Earth 5667:The Captive Queen 5533:King Christian II 5353: (1914–1915) 5347: (1912–1913) 5313: (mid 1920s– 5295: 1916, 1919) 5062:Helsingin Sanomat 5050:Helsingin Sanomat 5014:Hufvudstadsbladet 4991:Jungfrun i tornet 4936:Hufvudstadsbladet 4839:978-952-329-158-4 4820:978-0-571-24772-1 4772:978-9-525-07661-5 4742:978-9-523-29090-7 4719:978-1-574-67149-0 4667:978-1-315-61426-7 4648:978-9-523-29103-4 4613:978-1-78914-466-6 4572:978-0-226-00547-8 4559:Goss, Glenda Dawn 4533:Dahlström, Fabian 4524:978-0-300-16397-1 4259:, pp. 92–93. 4040:, pp. 25–26. 3968:, pp. 31–32. 3926:, pp. 29–30. 3914:, pp. 42–43. 3769:, pp. 25–26. 3721:, pp. 22–23. 3709:, pp. 21–22. 3697:, pp. 20–21. 3673:, pp. 19–20. 3584:, pp. 20–26. 3567:, pp. x–xii. 3322:Hufvudstadsbladet 3196:Hufvudstadsbladet 2732:Hufvudstadsbladet 2645:The Captive Queen 2401:Danse de la Gipsy 2261: 2260: 2217:Lars-Erik Jonsson 2144:MariAnn Häggander 1593:Rafael Herzberg's 1570:Pietro Mascagni's 1553: 1497: 1289: 1225: 1224: 960:Fire Brigade Hall 851:MariAnn Häggander 621:Hufvudstadsbladet 570:9 and 16 November 483:Neitsyt kammiossa 239: 101, is an 217:Jungfrun i tornet 206: 205: 81:Jungfrun i tornet 18:Jungfrun i tornet 16:(Redirected from 7018: 6968: 6967: 6959: 6943: 6942: 6925: (asteroid) 6888:Sibelius Glacier 6878:Sibelius Academy 6835: 6812:Glenda Dawn Goss 6808: 6796: 6784: 6776:Fabian Dahlström 6735:Sir Simon Rattle 6665: 6637:Abraham Ojanperä 6612: 6595: 6583: 6571: 6548: 6535:Ferruccio Busoni 6505: 6452: 6434: 6410: 6402:Kasper Järnefelt 6367: 6337: (daughter) 6331: (daughter) 6330: 6281: 1938–1940) 6280: 6268: 6256: 6204: 6123: 6111: 6092: 6011: 6010: 1875–1881 6008: 5947: 5865: 5845: 5821: 5809: 5773:Other orchestral 5756: 5661: 5492: 5425: 5403: 5391: 5362: 5340: 5319: 5316: 5294: 5266: 5212: 5205: 5198: 5189: 5183: 5181: 5179: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5113: 5111: 5109: 5092: 5090: 5088: 5065: 5053: 5041: 5029: 5017: 5004: 4980: 4964: 4951: 4939: 4927: 4908: 4882: 4871: 4864:Concert Overture 4843: 4824: 4809:. Translated by 4798: 4776: 4761:. Translated by 4760: 4746: 4723: 4701: 4680:Kenyon, Nicholas 4671: 4652: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4596: 4576: 4554: 4528: 4509: 4472: 4464: 4458: 4452: 4446: 4440: 4434: 4425: 4419: 4413: 4410:Hannikainen 2018 4407: 4401: 4398:Hannikainen 2018 4395: 4389: 4383: 4377: 4374:Hannikainen 2018 4371: 4365: 4362:Hannikainen 2018 4359: 4353: 4350:Hannikainen 2018 4347: 4341: 4338:Hannikainen 2018 4335: 4329: 4323: 4317: 4308: 4302: 4299:Hannikainen 2018 4296: 4287: 4281: 4275: 4269: 4260: 4254: 4248: 4242: 4236: 4230: 4224: 4221:Hannikainen 2018 4218: 4209: 4206:Hannikainen 2018 4203: 4194: 4191:Hannikainen 2018 4188: 4182: 4176: 4167: 4164:Hannikainen 2018 4161: 4155: 4149: 4143: 4137: 4128: 4122: 4116: 4113:Hannikainen 2018 4110: 4104: 4098: 4092: 4086: 4080: 4071: 4065: 4059: 4053: 4047: 4041: 4035: 4029: 4023: 4017: 4011: 4005: 3999: 3993: 3990:Hannikainen 2018 3987: 3981: 3975: 3969: 3966:Hannikainen 2018 3963: 3957: 3951: 3942: 3936: 3927: 3921: 3915: 3909: 3903: 3897: 3888: 3882: 3876: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3847: 3841: 3835: 3829: 3823: 3817: 3811: 3805: 3794: 3788: 3782: 3776: 3770: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3734: 3728: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3704: 3698: 3692: 3686: 3680: 3674: 3668: 3662: 3656: 3650: 3649:, pp. x–xi. 3647:Hannikainen 2020 3644: 3638: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3597: 3591: 3585: 3579: 3568: 3565:Hannikainen 2020 3562: 3556: 3550: 3544: 3538: 3532: 3529:Hannikainen 2020 3526: 3517: 3511: 3505: 3499: 3493: 3484: 3473: 3464: 3455: 3449: 3440: 3437:Hannikainen 2020 3434: 3423: 3420:Hannikainen 2018 3417: 3411: 3408:Heikinheimo 1981 3405: 3392: 3389:Hannikainen 2018 3386: 3380: 3377:Hannikainen 2020 3374: 3368: 3365:Hannikainen 2020 3362: 3356: 3353:Hannikainen 2018 3350: 3344: 3341:Hannikainen 2018 3338: 3327: 3318: 3309: 3306:Hannikainen 2018 3303: 3297: 3291: 3282: 3276: 3261: 3252: 3241: 3232: 3221: 3212: 3201: 3192: 3177: 3171: 3162: 3156: 3145: 3136: 3107: 3101: 3095: 3089: 3076: 3070: 3064: 3061:Hannikainen 2020 3058: 3049: 3046:Hannikainen 2020 3043: 3037: 3031: 3025: 3022:Hannikainen 2020 3019: 3002: 2996: 2977: 2974:Hannikainen 2018 2971: 2965: 2959: 2953: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2926: 2920: 2914: 2911:Hannikainen 2020 2908: 2897: 2891: 2885: 2875: 2869: 2863: 2857: 2851: 2845: 2839: 2830: 2821: 2816: 2810: 2805: 2799: 2796: 2790: 2772: 2766: 2763: 2757: 2750: 2744: 2741: 2735: 2722: 2709: 2703: 2701: 2687: 2676: 2661: 2655: 2653: 2638: 2622: 2616: 2613: 2607: 2605: 2596: 2590: 2571: 2565: 2556:is scored for a 2550: 2541: 2484: 2478: 2467: 2461: 2458: 2447: 2437: 2420: 2411: 2403: 2393:Kaarlo Bergbom's 2390: 2389: 2372: 2364: 2357: 2351: 2348: 2339: 2332: 2326: 2324: 2317: 2311: 2308: 2299: 2297: 2296: 2291: 2290: 2284: 2271: 2225: 2200: 2164: 2152: 2130: 2118: 2110:Recording venue 2104: 2078: 2073: 2054:Jorma Hynninen's 1960: 1946: 1911: 1901: 1890: 1863: 1848: 1840: 1784: 1735: 1726: 1709: 1697: 1682:, and thanks to 1646:social reformers 1627: 1579: 1478: 1477: 1415: 1414: 1362: 1349: 1317: 1314: 1305: 1284: 1263: 1243: 1210: 1209: 1197:Abraham Ojanperä 1185: 1184: 1165:Scenes 4–8 1162: 1161: 1140:Scenes 7–8 1137: 1136: 1125: 1105: 1104: 1071: 1031: 1012: 1000: 992:José Eibenschütz 968: 957: 945: 928: 912: 903: 864:as the Bailiff, 859: 815: 782: 730: 715: 706: 683:pan-Europeanness 655: 643: 611: 599:Abraham Ojanperä 592: 583: 571: 568:was repeated on 558:Abraham Ojanperä 555: 530: 507: 485: 474:Rafael Hertzberg 466: 463:tableaux vivants 452:Glenda Dawn Goss 431: 416: 397:Robert Kajanus's 376: 367: 308: 296:Abraham Ojanperä 285:social reformers 275:) by her Lover ( 249:Rafael Hertzberg 227: 219: 170: 168: 131:(withdrawn 1896) 130: 128: 104:Rafael Hertzberg 83: 69: 66: 61: 52: 34: 21: 7026: 7025: 7021: 7020: 7019: 7017: 7016: 7015: 6976: 6975: 6974: 6962: 6954: 6952: 6947: 6933: 6908:Sibelius Museum 6843: 6829: 6802: 6790: 6778: 6764: 6690:Sir Colin Davis 6668: 6659: 6627:Oskar Merikanto 6606: 6604:Heikki Klemetti 6589: 6577: 6565: 6542: 6508: 6499: 6475: 6446: 6444:Hermann Csillag 6431:Martin Wegelius 6429: 6414: 6404: 6390:Arvid Järnefelt 6384:Armas Järnefelt 6361: 6347:Aulis Blomstedt 6343: (brother) 6335:Heidi Blomstedt 6324: 6298: 6236: 6209:"Arioso", Op. 3 6132: 6114: 6102: 6079:Three Sonatinas 6041: 6036:Violin Sonatina 6009: 5989: 5951: 5941:Andante festivo 5906:String quartets 5901: 5887:Suite champêtre 5768: 5705: 5620: 5546:1903; includes 5504: 5372: 5357:Six Humoresques 5335:Violin Concerto 5323: 5317: 5241: 5240: 5221: 5216: 5186: 5177: 5175: 5158: 5149: 5147: 5137: 5128: 5126: 5116: 5107: 5105: 5095: 5086: 5084: 5075: 5056: 5044: 5032: 5020: 5007: 4983: 4967: 4954: 4942: 4930: 4918: 4905:Buxton Festival 4893: 4874: 4853: 4840: 4827: 4821: 4801: 4795: 4779: 4773: 4751:Korhonen, Kimmo 4749: 4743: 4726: 4720: 4704: 4698: 4686:, eds. (1993). 4674: 4668: 4655: 4649: 4627: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4599: 4579: 4573: 4557: 4551: 4531: 4525: 4512: 4506: 4483: 4470: 4467: 4459: 4455: 4447: 4443: 4435: 4428: 4420: 4416: 4408: 4404: 4396: 4392: 4384: 4380: 4372: 4368: 4360: 4356: 4348: 4344: 4336: 4332: 4324: 4320: 4309: 4305: 4297: 4290: 4282: 4278: 4270: 4263: 4255: 4251: 4243: 4239: 4231: 4227: 4219: 4212: 4204: 4197: 4189: 4185: 4177: 4170: 4162: 4158: 4150: 4146: 4138: 4131: 4123: 4119: 4111: 4107: 4099: 4095: 4087: 4083: 4072: 4068: 4060: 4056: 4048: 4044: 4036: 4032: 4024: 4020: 4012: 4008: 4000: 3996: 3988: 3984: 3976: 3972: 3964: 3960: 3956:, pp. 2–3. 3952: 3945: 3937: 3930: 3922: 3918: 3910: 3906: 3898: 3891: 3883: 3879: 3871: 3867: 3859: 3850: 3842: 3838: 3834:, pp. 4–5. 3830: 3826: 3818: 3814: 3806: 3797: 3789: 3785: 3777: 3773: 3765: 3761: 3753: 3749: 3741: 3737: 3729: 3725: 3717: 3713: 3705: 3701: 3693: 3689: 3681: 3677: 3669: 3665: 3657: 3653: 3645: 3641: 3637:, pp. 5–6. 3633: 3629: 3621: 3617: 3609: 3600: 3596:, pp. 4–5. 3592: 3588: 3580: 3571: 3563: 3559: 3551: 3547: 3539: 3535: 3527: 3520: 3512: 3508: 3500: 3496: 3485: 3476: 3465: 3458: 3450: 3443: 3435: 3426: 3418: 3414: 3406: 3395: 3387: 3383: 3375: 3371: 3363: 3359: 3351: 3347: 3339: 3330: 3319: 3312: 3304: 3300: 3292: 3285: 3277: 3264: 3253: 3244: 3233: 3224: 3213: 3204: 3193: 3180: 3172: 3165: 3157: 3148: 3137: 3110: 3102: 3098: 3090: 3079: 3071: 3067: 3059: 3052: 3044: 3040: 3032: 3028: 3020: 3005: 2997: 2980: 2972: 2968: 2960: 2956: 2948: 2944: 2936: 2929: 2921: 2917: 2913:, p. viii. 2909: 2900: 2892: 2888: 2876: 2872: 2864: 2860: 2852: 2848: 2840: 2836: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2817: 2813: 2806: 2802: 2797: 2793: 2773: 2769: 2764: 2760: 2751: 2747: 2742: 2738: 2727:Finsk Tidskrift 2716: 2710: 2706: 2681: 2662: 2658: 2623: 2619: 2614: 2610: 2597: 2593: 2585:conducting the 2579:Warner Classics 2572: 2568: 2564:may substitute. 2551: 2544: 2485: 2481: 2468: 2464: 2459: 2450: 2426:, who composed 2424:Oskar Merikanto 2421: 2414: 2407:Henry VIII 2379:Albert Edelfelt 2358: 2354: 2349: 2342: 2333: 2329: 2318: 2314: 2309: 2302: 2285: 2278: 2269: 2266: 2254:Virgin Classics 2236: 2229:Lilli Paasikivi 2219: 2196: 2158: 2156:Erland Hagegård 2146: 2126: 2016: 1967: 1940: 1884: 1870: 1857: 1781:Gesamtkunstwerk 1767:, a setting of 1752: 1751: 1750: 1749: 1738: 1737: 1736: 1728: 1727: 1695:Kung Karls jakt 1680:Swedish Theatre 1659: 1634:Imperial Russia 1625: 1606: 1586: 1562: 1561: 1560: 1559: 1556: 1555: 1554: 1552: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1500: 1499: 1498: 1496: 1412: 1411: 1369: 1338:sweetest virgin 1330: 1329: 1328: 1327: 1326: 1324:Visby City Wall 1315: 1306: 1295: 1221:local amateurs 1173:E. Eklund 1130:The Chatelaine 1119: 1084: 1055: 1039:Fennica Gehrman 1025: 1006: 994: 962: 951: 939: 933: 932: 931: 930: 922: 915: 914: 913: 905: 904: 870:Pia-Gunn Anckar 860:as the Maiden, 853: 831: 813: 776: 739: 738: 737: 736: 724: 718: 717: 716: 708: 707: 696: 668:Oskar Merikanto 649: 637: 626:instrumentation 616: 615: 614: 613: 605: 595: 594: 593: 585: 584: 569: 549: 524: 514: 501: 414:Veneen luominen 389: 388: 387: 386: 379: 378: 377: 369: 368: 357: 352: 302: 283:of the castle ( 265:Imperial Russia 259:ambitions: the 166: 164: 150:35.5 mins. 126: 124: 71: 67: 48: 30: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7024: 7022: 7014: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6996:One-act operas 6993: 6988: 6978: 6977: 6973: 6972: 6949: 6948: 6938: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6931: 6926: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6898:Sibelius Medal 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6862: 6857: 6851: 6849: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6841: 6836: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6800:Erik Furuhjelm 6797: 6785: 6772: 6770: 6766: 6765: 6763: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6750:Leif Segerstam 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6730:Eugene Ormandy 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6705:Robert Kajanus 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6685:Paavo Berglund 6682: 6676: 6674: 6670: 6669: 6667: 6666: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6642:Selim Palmgren 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6622:Erkki Melartin 6619: 6613: 6601: 6596: 6584: 6572: 6563:Richard Faltin 6560: 6555: 6550: 6549: (patron) 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6516: 6514: 6510: 6509: 6507: 6506: 6497:Bengt de Törne 6494: 6492:Leevi Madetoja 6489: 6483: 6481: 6477: 6476: 6474: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6454: 6453: (violin) 6441: 6440: (violin) 6435: 6427: 6422: 6420: 6416: 6415: 6413: 6412: 6399: 6396:Eero Järnefelt 6393: 6387: 6381: 6375: 6369: 6359:Jussi Snellman 6356: 6350: 6344: 6338: 6332: 6319: 6313: 6306: 6304: 6300: 6299: 6297: 6296: 6288: 6282: 6274:Finlandia Hymn 6270: 6258: 6244: 6242: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6234: 6225: 6212: 6206: 6196: 6190: 6184: 6174: 6168: 6162: 6156: 6150: 6140: 6138: 6134: 6133: 6131: 6130: 6127:Five Esquisses 6124: 6112: 6100: 6094: 6082: 6076: 6068: 6062: 6056: 6053:Six Impromptus 6049: 6047: 6043: 6042: 6040: 6039: 6033: 6025: 6019: 6013: 6002:Water Droplets 5997: 5995: 5991: 5990: 5988: 5987: 5978: 5969: 5959: 5957: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5949: 5937: 5928: 5922: 5916: 5909: 5907: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5899: 5891: 5883: 5879:Suite mignonne 5875: 5867: 5855: 5847: 5835: 5829: 5823: 5811: 5799: 5791: 5783: 5776: 5774: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5766: 5758: 5746: 5738: 5730: 5722: 5713: 5711: 5707: 5706: 5704: 5703: 5695: 5687: 5679: 5671: 5663: 5651: 5644: 5636: 5628: 5626: 5622: 5621: 5619: 5618: 5610: 5602: 5594: 5586: 5578: 5570: 5562: 5554: 5553: 5552: 5537: 5529: 5521: 5512: 5510: 5506: 5505: 5503: 5502: 5494: 5482: 5474: 5466: 5458: 5450: 5442: 5434: 5433: 5432: 5413: 5409:The Wood Nymph 5405: 5393: 5380: 5378: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5370: 5364: 5354: 5348: 5342: 5331: 5329: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5321: 5308: 5305:Symphony No. 7 5302: 5299:Symphony No. 6 5296: 5289:Symphony No. 5 5286: 5283:Symphony No. 4 5280: 5277:Symphony No. 3 5274: 5271:Symphony No. 2 5268: 5261:Symphony No. 1 5258: 5249: 5247: 5243: 5242: 5239: 5238: 5233: 5227: 5226: 5223: 5222: 5217: 5215: 5214: 5207: 5200: 5192: 5185: 5184: 5156: 5135: 5114: 5093: 5081:avantimusic.fi 5072: 5071: 5067: 5066: 5054: 5042: 5030: 5018: 5005: 4981: 4965: 4952: 4940: 4928: 4915: 4914: 4910: 4909: 4891: 4872: 4850: 4849: 4845: 4844: 4838: 4825: 4819: 4811:Layton, Robert 4799: 4793: 4781:Layton, Robert 4777: 4771: 4747: 4741: 4724: 4718: 4706:Hurwitz, David 4702: 4696: 4684:Walsh, Stephen 4676:Holden, Amanda 4672: 4666: 4653: 4647: 4625: 4612: 4597: 4577: 4571: 4555: 4549: 4529: 4523: 4510: 4508:. HL.14017415. 4504: 4480: 4479: 4475: 4474: 4473: 4466: 4465: 4461:Achenbach 2002 4453: 4441: 4426: 4414: 4402: 4390: 4378: 4366: 4354: 4342: 4330: 4318: 4316:, p. 983. 4303: 4288: 4276: 4274:, p. 125. 4261: 4249: 4237: 4225: 4210: 4208:, p. 119. 4195: 4183: 4181:, p. 176. 4168: 4166:, p. 120. 4156: 4144: 4142:, p. 192. 4129: 4127:, p. 269. 4117: 4115:, p. 118. 4105: 4093: 4081: 4066: 4054: 4042: 4030: 4028:, p. 181. 4018: 4006: 3994: 3982: 3970: 3958: 3943: 3928: 3916: 3904: 3902:, p. 173. 3889: 3887:, p. 101. 3877: 3865: 3863:, p. 188. 3848: 3836: 3824: 3822:, p. 186. 3812: 3810:, p. 185. 3795: 3793:, p. 185. 3783: 3771: 3759: 3747: 3735: 3723: 3711: 3699: 3687: 3675: 3663: 3661:, p. 108. 3651: 3639: 3627: 3615: 3598: 3586: 3569: 3557: 3555:, p. 135. 3545: 3533: 3518: 3516:, p. 224. 3506: 3504:, p. 120. 3494: 3474: 3456: 3441: 3424: 3422:, p. 167. 3412: 3393: 3391:, p. 166. 3381: 3369: 3367:, p. xii. 3357: 3345: 3328: 3310: 3298: 3296:, p. 109. 3283: 3262: 3242: 3222: 3202: 3178: 3176:, p. 233. 3163: 3161:, p. 231. 3146: 3108: 3106:, p. 189. 3096: 3077: 3075:, p. 184. 3065: 3050: 3038: 3026: 3003: 2978: 2966: 2964:, p. 138. 2954: 2942: 2927: 2915: 2898: 2896:, p. 308. 2886: 2884:, p. 231. 2880:, p. 92; 2870: 2868:, p. 559. 2866:Dahlström 2003 2858: 2854:Dahlström 2003 2846: 2844:, p. 560. 2842:Dahlström 2003 2833: 2832: 2831: 2823: 2822: 2811: 2800: 2791: 2767: 2758: 2754:Domestic Opera 2745: 2736: 2704: 2690:Fredrik Pacius 2656: 2617: 2608: 2602:dea ex machina 2591: 2575:Karita Mattila 2566: 2542: 2519:First Symphony 2502: 2479: 2462: 2448: 2412: 2383:Salome's Dance 2352: 2340: 2327: 2312: 2300: 2275: 2274: 2273: 2272: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2258: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2231: 2226: 2214: 2209: 2206: 2201: 2194: 2190: 2189: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2153: 2141: 2139:Jorma Hynninen 2136: 2131: 2124: 2120: 2119: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2015: 2012: 1996: 1989: 1966: 1963: 1954: 1894:Autumn Evening 1869: 1866: 1824:Aino Järnefelt 1811:The Kanteletar 1799: 1742:Fredrik Pacius 1740: 1739: 1730: 1729: 1721: 1720: 1719: 1718: 1717: 1712:Kaarlo Bergbom 1684:Fredrik Pacius 1658: 1655: 1605: 1602: 1585: 1582: 1572:one-act opera 1567: 1557: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1521: 1501: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1484: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1475:basso continuo 1374:is scored for 1368: 1365: 1320:Amélie Lundahl 1307: 1300: 1299: 1298: 1297: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1282: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1256: 1253: 1236: 1229: 1223: 1222: 1219: 1214: 1211: 1204: 1200: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1186: 1179: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1166: 1163: 1156: 1152: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1138: 1131: 1127: 1126: 1114: 1109: 1106: 1099: 1095: 1094: 1091: 1087: 1086: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1054: 1051: 917: 916: 907: 906: 898: 897: 896: 895: 894: 866:Peter Lindroos 862:Jorma Hynninen 847:Finlandia Hall 841:conducted the 830: 827: 814:Movements II–V 811: 720: 719: 710: 709: 701: 700: 699: 698: 697: 695: 692: 680: 597: 596: 587: 586: 578: 577: 576: 575: 574: 513: 510: 499:Richard Faltin 488:In a Maiden's 423:The Wood Nymph 381: 380: 371: 370: 362: 361: 360: 359: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 225:Neito tornissa 221:; in Finnish: 204: 203: 198: 194: 193: 190: 186: 185: 176: 172: 171: 161: 157: 156: 152: 151: 148: 144: 143: 137: 133: 132: 121: 117: 116: 111: 107: 106: 100: 96: 95: 89: 85: 84: 77: 73: 72: 63:The composer ( 62: 54: 53: 41: 40: 28: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7023: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6983: 6981: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6957: 6946: 6936: 6930: 6927: 6924: 6923:1405 Sibelius 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6893:Sibelius Hall 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6867: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6852: 6850: 6846: 6840: 6837: 6833: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6822:Robert Layton 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6806: 6801: 6798: 6794: 6789: 6786: 6782: 6777: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6767: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6677: 6675: 6671: 6663: 6658: 6657:Karl Wasenius 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6632:Rosa Newmarch 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6617: 6616:Santeri Levas 6614: 6610: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6593: 6588: 6585: 6581: 6576: 6573: 6569: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6540:Axel Carpelan 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6517: 6515: 6511: 6503: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6484: 6482: 6478: 6472: 6471:Karl Goldmark 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6461:Albert Becker 6456: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6442: 6439: 6436: 6432: 6425: 6424: 6423: 6421: 6417: 6408: 6403: 6400: 6397: 6394: 6391: 6388: 6385: 6382: 6379: 6376: 6373: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6357: 6354: 6351: 6348: 6345: 6342: 6339: 6336: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6322:Ruth Snellman 6320: 6317: 6316:Aino Sibelius 6314: 6311: 6308: 6307: 6305: 6301: 6294: 6293: 6289: 6286: 6283: 6276: 6275: 6271: 6264: 6263: 6259: 6253: (1896, 6252: 6250: 6246: 6245: 6243: 6239: 6232: 6230: 6226: 6223: 6219: 6217: 6213: 6210: 6207: 6201: (1909, 6200: 6197: 6194: 6191: 6188: 6185: 6182: 6178: 6175: 6172: 6169: 6166: 6163: 6160: 6157: 6154: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6135: 6128: 6125: 6121: 6119: 6116:Five Pieces, 6113: 6109: 6107: 6104:Five Pieces, 6101: 6098: 6095: 6089: (1912, 6088: 6087: 6083: 6080: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6069: 6066: 6063: 6060: 6057: 6054: 6051: 6050: 6048: 6044: 6037: 6034: 6031: 6030: 6026: 6023: 6022:Piano Quintet 6020: 6017: 6014: 6004: 6003: 5999: 5998: 5996: 5994:Other chamber 5992: 5985: 5984: 5979: 5976: 5975: 5970: 5967: 5966: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5954: 5944: (1922, 5943: 5942: 5938: 5935: 5934: 5933:Voces intimae 5929: 5926: 5923: 5920: 5917: 5914: 5911: 5910: 5908: 5904: 5897: 5896: 5892: 5889: 5888: 5884: 5881: 5880: 5876: 5873: 5872: 5868: 5862: (1909, 5861: 5860: 5856: 5853: 5852: 5848: 5842: (1904, 5841: 5840: 5836: 5833: 5830: 5827: 5824: 5818: (1899, 5817: 5816: 5812: 5806: (1894, 5805: 5804: 5800: 5797: 5796: 5795:Karelia Suite 5792: 5789: 5788: 5784: 5781: 5778: 5777: 5775: 5771: 5764: 5763: 5759: 5753: (1902, 5752: 5751: 5747: 5744: 5743: 5739: 5736: 5735: 5731: 5728: 5727: 5723: 5720: 5719: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5708: 5701: 5700: 5696: 5693: 5692: 5688: 5685: 5684: 5680: 5677: 5676: 5672: 5669: 5668: 5664: 5658: (1902, 5657: 5656: 5652: 5650: 5649: 5645: 5642: 5641: 5637: 5635: 5634: 5630: 5629: 5627: 5623: 5616: 5615: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5603: 5600: 5599: 5595: 5592: 5591: 5587: 5584: 5583: 5579: 5576: 5575: 5571: 5568: 5567: 5563: 5560: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5550: 5545: 5544: 5543: 5542: 5538: 5535: 5534: 5530: 5527: 5526: 5522: 5519: 5518: 5514: 5513: 5511: 5507: 5500: 5499: 5495: 5489: (1914, 5488: 5487: 5486:The Oceanides 5483: 5480: 5479: 5475: 5472: 5471: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5459: 5456: 5455: 5451: 5448: 5447: 5443: 5440: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5430: 5421: 5420: 5419: 5418: 5414: 5411: 5410: 5406: 5400: (1894, 5399: 5398: 5394: 5388: (1892, 5387: 5386: 5382: 5381: 5379: 5375: 5368: 5365: 5358: 5355: 5352: 5349: 5346: 5345:Two Serenades 5343: 5337: (1904, 5336: 5333: 5332: 5330: 5326: 5312: 5309: 5306: 5303: 5300: 5297: 5291: (1915, 5290: 5287: 5284: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5272: 5269: 5263: (1899, 5262: 5259: 5256: 5255: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5244: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5219:Jean Sibelius 5213: 5208: 5206: 5201: 5199: 5194: 5193: 5190: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5145: 5141: 5136: 5124: 5120: 5115: 5103: 5099: 5094: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5073: 5069: 5068: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5011: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4992: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4953: 4949: 4948:Uusi Suometar 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4916: 4912: 4911: 4906: 4902: 4901: 4896: 4892: 4890: 4886: 4880: 4879: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4852: 4851: 4847: 4846: 4841: 4835: 4831: 4826: 4822: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4768: 4764: 4759: 4758: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4725: 4721: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4697:0-670-81292-7 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4663: 4659: 4654: 4650: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4635: 4630: 4626: 4615: 4609: 4605: 4604: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4550:3-7651-0333-0 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4520: 4516: 4511: 4507: 4505:9788759860830 4501: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4488: 4482: 4481: 4477: 4476: 4469: 4468: 4462: 4457: 4454: 4450: 4445: 4442: 4438: 4433: 4431: 4427: 4424:, p. 27. 4423: 4418: 4415: 4411: 4406: 4403: 4399: 4394: 4391: 4387: 4382: 4379: 4375: 4370: 4367: 4364:, p. 18. 4363: 4358: 4355: 4351: 4346: 4343: 4340:, p. 23. 4339: 4334: 4331: 4328:, p. 44. 4327: 4326:Korhonen 2007 4322: 4319: 4315: 4313: 4307: 4304: 4301:, p. 20. 4300: 4295: 4293: 4289: 4286:, p. 47. 4285: 4280: 4277: 4273: 4268: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4253: 4250: 4246: 4241: 4238: 4234: 4229: 4226: 4223:, p. 11. 4222: 4217: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4202: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4187: 4184: 4180: 4179:Hautsalo 2015 4175: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4160: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4145: 4141: 4136: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4125:Ketomäki 2017 4121: 4118: 4114: 4109: 4106: 4102: 4101:Ketomäki 2017 4097: 4094: 4090: 4085: 4082: 4078: 4076: 4070: 4067: 4063: 4062:Hautsalo 2015 4058: 4055: 4052:, p. 26. 4051: 4050:Korhonen 2007 4046: 4043: 4039: 4038:Korhonen 2007 4034: 4031: 4027: 4026:Hautsalo 2015 4022: 4019: 4015: 4014:Hautsalo 2015 4010: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3995: 3991: 3986: 3983: 3979: 3974: 3971: 3967: 3962: 3959: 3955: 3950: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3935: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3920: 3917: 3913: 3908: 3905: 3901: 3896: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3881: 3878: 3874: 3869: 3866: 3862: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3840: 3837: 3833: 3828: 3825: 3821: 3816: 3813: 3809: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3787: 3784: 3780: 3775: 3772: 3768: 3763: 3760: 3757:, p. 25. 3756: 3751: 3748: 3744: 3739: 3736: 3733:, p. 24. 3732: 3727: 3724: 3720: 3715: 3712: 3708: 3703: 3700: 3696: 3691: 3688: 3685:, p. 20. 3684: 3679: 3676: 3672: 3667: 3664: 3660: 3655: 3652: 3648: 3643: 3640: 3636: 3631: 3628: 3625:, p. 22. 3624: 3619: 3616: 3612: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3590: 3587: 3583: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3561: 3558: 3554: 3549: 3546: 3542: 3537: 3534: 3531:, p. iv. 3530: 3525: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3510: 3507: 3503: 3498: 3495: 3491: 3489: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3469: 3463: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3448: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3416: 3413: 3410:, p. 18. 3409: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3385: 3382: 3379:, p. xi. 3378: 3373: 3370: 3366: 3361: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3346: 3343:, p. 32. 3342: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3323: 3317: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3302: 3299: 3295: 3290: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3257: 3256:Uusi Suometar 3251: 3249: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3237: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3217: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3197: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3170: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3141: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3100: 3097: 3093: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3069: 3066: 3062: 3057: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3042: 3039: 3035: 3030: 3027: 3024:, p. ix. 3023: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2976:, p. 31. 2975: 2970: 2967: 2963: 2958: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2943: 2939: 2934: 2932: 2928: 2925:, p. 29. 2924: 2919: 2916: 2912: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2890: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2874: 2871: 2867: 2862: 2859: 2855: 2850: 2847: 2843: 2838: 2835: 2827: 2826: 2820: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2804: 2801: 2795: 2792: 2788: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2771: 2768: 2762: 2759: 2755: 2749: 2746: 2740: 2737: 2734:in the 1890s. 2733: 2729: 2728: 2723: 2720: 2715: 2708: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2691: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2668: 2660: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2646: 2642: 2637: 2636: 2631: 2627: 2621: 2618: 2612: 2609: 2604: 2603: 2595: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2570: 2567: 2563: 2562:mezzo-soprano 2559: 2555: 2549: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2537: 2532: 2531: 2526: 2525: 2520: 2516: 2515: 2510: 2506: 2500: 2498: 2494: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2466: 2463: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2430: 2425: 2419: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2408: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2388:Herodias dans 2384: 2380: 2376: 2375:Albert Grisar 2371: 2370: 2369:opéra comique 2363: 2356: 2353: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2331: 2328: 2323: 2316: 2313: 2307: 2305: 2301: 2283: 2281: 2277: 2268: 2267: 2263: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2223: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2162: 2157: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2064: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2042: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1994: 1991: 1987: 1980: 1976: 1971: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1952: 1950: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1933:Robert Layton 1930: 1926: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1888: 1883: 1879: 1878:David Hurwitz 1875: 1865: 1861: 1856: 1852: 1851:Albert Grisar 1847: 1846: 1845:opéra comique 1839: 1834: 1830: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1816:mother tongue 1813: 1812: 1807: 1803: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1788: 1783: 1782: 1776: 1772: 1771: 1766: 1762: 1757: 1747: 1743: 1734: 1725: 1716: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1702: 1696: 1691: 1690: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1654: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1603: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1571: 1565: 1550: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1511: 1494: 1480: 1476: 1469: 1465: 1464: 1459: 1458:chamber music 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1355: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1339: 1334: 1325: 1321: 1310: 1304: 1292: 1290: 1288: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1242: 1237: 1234: 1230: 1227: 1226: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1205: 1202: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1157: 1154: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1088: 1083:Premiere cast 1072: 1069: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1052: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1018: 1013: 1010: 1005: 998: 993: 989: 985: 981: 980: 975: 973: 966: 961: 955: 950: 943: 938: 926: 921: 911: 902: 893: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 874:Finnish radio 871: 867: 863: 857: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 828: 826: 823: 819: 809: 807: 806: 801: 797: 792: 790: 786: 780: 775: 774:Jalmari Finne 771: 767: 762: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 734: 728: 723: 722:Jalmari Finne 714: 705: 693: 691: 688: 687:Uusi Suometar 684: 678: 676: 675: 674:Uusi Suometar 669: 665: 664: 658: 653: 648: 644: 641: 636: 631: 627: 623: 622: 609: 604: 600: 591: 582: 573: 567: 563: 562:curtain calls 559: 553: 548: 544: 540: 536: 535: 528: 523: 519: 511: 509: 505: 500: 496: 492: 491: 484: 479: 475: 469: 465: 464: 455: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 436: 430: 425: 424: 420: 415: 410: 409: 405: 401: 398: 394: 384: 375: 366: 354: 349: 347: 345: 341: 336: 331: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 306: 301: 297: 293: 288: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 245:Jean Sibelius 242: 238: 234: 233: 228: 226: 220: 218: 213:(in Swedish: 212: 211: 202: 199: 195: 192:Jean Sibelius 191: 187: 184: 180: 177: 173: 162: 158: 153: 149: 145: 141: 138: 134: 122: 118: 115: 112: 108: 105: 101: 97: 93: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 60: 55: 51: 50:Jean Sibelius 46: 42: 39: 35: 32: 27: 19: 6865: 6725:Sakari Oramo 6466:Robert Fuchs 6318: (wife) 6312: (home) 6295: (1917) 6290: 6272: 6260: 6248: 6241:Choral works 6228: 6215: 6211: (1911) 6195: (1908) 6189: (1906) 6144: 6129: (1929) 6117: 6105: 6099: (1912) 6097:Two Rondinos 6084: 6081: (1912) 6075: (1904) 6070: 6061: (1893) 6059:Piano Sonata 6055: (1893) 6038: (1915) 6032: (1900) 6027: 6024: (1890) 6000: 5986: (1888) 5982: 5977: (1887) 5973: 5968: (1886) 5964: 5939: 5936: (1909) 5932: 5927: (1890) 5921: (1889) 5915: (1885) 5898: (1922) 5893: 5890: (1922) 5885: 5882: (1921) 5877: 5874: (1912) 5869: 5857: 5854: (1906) 5851:Pan and Echo 5849: 5837: 5834: (1904) 5828: (1902) 5813: 5801: 5798: (1893) 5793: 5790: (1891) 5787:Ballet Scene 5785: 5782: (1891) 5760: 5748: 5740: 5737: (1900) 5732: 5729: (1899) 5724: 5721: (1897) 5716: 5702: (1926) 5697: 5694: (1920) 5689: 5686: (1919) 5681: 5678: (1918) 5673: 5670: (1906) 5665: 5653: 5646: 5643: (1896) 5638: 5631: 5617: (1925) 5612: 5609: (1916) 5604: 5601: (1913) 5596: 5593: (1911) 5588: 5585: (1909) 5580: 5577: (1908) 5572: 5569: (1906) 5564: 5561: (1905) 5556: 5549:Valse triste 5547: 5539: 5536: (1898) 5531: 5528: (1896) 5524: 5523: 5515: 5501: (1926) 5496: 5484: 5481: (1913) 5476: 5473: (1913) 5468: 5465: (1910) 5460: 5457: (1909) 5452: 5449: (1906) 5444: 5441: (1899) 5436: 5427: 5415: 5412: (1895) 5407: 5395: 5383: 5369: (1929) 5320:, abandoned) 5307: (1924) 5301: (1923) 5285: (1911) 5279: (1907) 5273: (1902) 5257: (1892) 5253: 5176:. Retrieved 5172:the original 5167: 5148:. Retrieved 5143: 5127:. Retrieved 5122: 5106:. Retrieved 5104:. Gramophone 5101: 5085:. Retrieved 5080: 5061: 5049: 5037: 5025: 5013: 5000: 4996: 4990: 4976: 4960: 4947: 4935: 4923: 4899: 4877: 4863: 4859: 4829: 4806: 4784: 4756: 4732: 4729:Pohjan neiti 4728: 4709: 4687: 4657: 4638: 4633: 4619:11 September 4617:. Retrieved 4602: 4584: 4562: 4540: 4536: 4514: 4491: 4486: 4456: 4449:Barnett 2008 4444: 4437:Allison 2012 4417: 4405: 4393: 4381: 4369: 4357: 4345: 4333: 4321: 4311: 4306: 4284:Lampila 1981 4279: 4252: 4240: 4233:Hurwitz 2007 4228: 4186: 4159: 4147: 4120: 4108: 4096: 4084: 4079:, p. 4. 4074: 4069: 4057: 4045: 4033: 4021: 4009: 3997: 3985: 3978:Barnett 2007 3973: 3961: 3939:Barnett 2007 3919: 3907: 3900:Hurwitz 2007 3880: 3868: 3839: 3827: 3815: 3786: 3774: 3762: 3750: 3745:, p. 2. 3738: 3726: 3714: 3702: 3690: 3678: 3666: 3659:Barnett 2007 3654: 3642: 3630: 3618: 3613:, p. 5. 3589: 3560: 3553:Barnett 2007 3548: 3536: 3509: 3502:Barnett 2007 3497: 3492:, p. 2. 3487: 3472:, p. 3. 3467: 3452:Avanti! 2021 3439:, p. x. 3415: 3384: 3372: 3360: 3348: 3326:, p. 6. 3321: 3301: 3294:Barnett 2007 3281:, p. 6. 3260:, p. 2. 3255: 3240:, p. 2. 3235: 3220:, p. 2. 3215: 3200:, p. 5. 3195: 3144:, p. 3. 3139: 3099: 3068: 3063:, p. i. 3041: 3029: 3001:, p. 4. 2969: 2957: 2950:Barnett 2007 2945: 2918: 2894:Grimley 2021 2889: 2873: 2861: 2849: 2837: 2814: 2803: 2794: 2779: 2770: 2761: 2748: 2739: 2731: 2725: 2712: 2707: 2693: 2664: 2659: 2643: 2625: 2620: 2611: 2594: 2583:Sakari Oramo 2569: 2553: 2535: 2528: 2522: 2512: 2508: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2470: 2465: 2443: 2435:Pohjan neiti 2427: 2405: 2355: 2330: 2315: 2208:Garry Magee 2067: 2061: 2049: 2045: 2039: 2017: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1992: 1984: 1978: 1948: 1928: 1922: 1917: 1913: 1903: 1893: 1873: 1871: 1832: 1819: 1809: 1806:The Kalevala 1805: 1795: 1790: 1774: 1770:The Kalevala 1768: 1764: 1753: 1699: 1698:, 1852) and 1687: 1665:between the 1660: 1621: 1609: 1607: 1563: 1507: 1467: 1461: 1453: 1371: 1370: 1356: 1332: 1331: 1309:Castle Ruins 1308: 1286: 1283: 1265: 1245: 1178:The Bailiff 1077:Appearances 1064:, and three 1057: 1056: 1035: 1021: 1015: 1002: 983: 977: 971: 934: 877: 834: 832: 821: 803: 799: 795: 793: 788: 765: 763: 759:F minor 750: 742: 740: 686: 672: 661: 659: 633: 619: 617: 565: 543:birch forest 532: 517: 515: 487: 471: 457: 448:musicologist 433: 421: 406: 390: 334: 332: 319: 312:Aino Ackté's 289: 231: 230: 222: 214: 209: 208: 207: 142: (1983) 102:Libretto by 37: 31: 26: 6991:1896 operas 6868:(2003 film) 6830: [ 6803: [ 6791: [ 6779: [ 6760:Osmo Vänskä 6720:Hannu Lintu 6700:Paavo Järvi 6695:Neeme Järvi 6660: [ 6607: [ 6590: [ 6587:Karl Flodin 6578: [ 6566: [ 6553:Olin Downes 6543: [ 6500: [ 6487:Toivo Kuula 6447: [ 6405: [ 6362: [ 6353:Jussi Jalas 6325: [ 6292:Jäger March 6269: 1898) 6257: 1898) 6205: 1957) 6122:(1916–1917) 6118:The Flowers 6093: 1912) 5956:Piano trios 5948: 1938) 5866: 1910) 5859:In memoriam 5846: 1905) 5822: 1911) 5810: 1912) 5757: 1910) 5675:My Own Land 5662: 1910) 5614:The Tempest 5598:Scaramouche 5493: 1914) 5404: 1895) 5397:Spring Song 5392: 1902) 5363: 1940) 5341: 1905) 5328:Concertante 5318: 1938 5267: 1900) 5168:sibelius.fi 5160:Sirén, Vesa 5001:Nya Pressen 4961:Nya Pressen 4848:Liner notes 4581:Gray, Cecil 4272:Layton 1993 3954:Webber 2011 3743:Webber 2011 3216:Nya Pressen 3140:Nya Pressen 2776:Jussi Jalas 2717: [ 2699:Die Loreley 2682: [ 2669:'s Guardian 2560:soloist, a 2220: [ 2198:Paavo Järvi 2167:Tone Kruse 2159: [ 2147: [ 2128:Neeme Järvi 2096:Chatelaine 2032:Paavo Järvi 2030:. In 2001, 2028:BIS Records 2020:Neeme Järvi 2014:Discography 1975:Jussi Jalas 1941: [ 1885: [ 1858: [ 1855:Yrjö Weilin 1804:(including 1787:Väinämöinen 1529:recitatives 1392:mixed choir 1316: 1888 1217:mixed choir 1120: [ 1098:The Maiden 1093:in Swedish 1090:in English 1080:Voice type 1026: [ 1023:Åbo Tidning 1007: [ 995: [ 963: [ 952: [ 940: [ 923: [ 854: [ 839:Jussi Jalas 777: [ 725: [ 650: [ 647:Karl Flodin 638: [ 635:Nya Pressen 606: [ 550: [ 525: [ 502: [ 417:) into the 404:grand opera 355:Composition 340:Neeme Järvi 324:Jussi Jalas 303: [ 257:allegorical 76:Native name 68: 1895 6980:Categories 6817:Cecil Gray 6788:Karl Ekman 6647:Adolf Paul 6575:Ida Flodin 6525:Aino Ackté 6520:Juhani Aho 6029:Malinconia 5839:Cassazione 5582:The Lizard 5377:Tone poems 5246:Symphonies 4977:Päivälehti 4924:Päivälehti 4794:0028713222 4075:Päivälehti 3236:Päivälehti 2829:References 2533:, and the 2365:, an 1851 2338:recording. 2084:Orchestra 2081:Conductor 2063:Gramophone 2006:or 1899's 1925:Cecil Gray 1882:Vesa Sirén 1841:, an 1851 1675:vernacular 1622:Päivälehti 1442:tambourine 1398:(doubling 1155:The Lover 1149:Emmy Achté 1135:Slottsfrun 1117:Ida Flodin 818:Aino Ackté 733:Aino Ackté 663:Päivälehti 603:Ida Flodin 547:Ida Flodin 534:Tannhäuser 419:tone poems 393:Emmy Achté 383:Emmy Achté 300:Ida Flodin 281:Chatelaine 279:) and the 197:Performers 167:1896-11-07 6848:Namesakes 6558:Ida Ekman 6181:Höstkväll 6106:The Trees 5803:Rakastava 5762:The Raven 5750:Impromptu 5574:Swanwhite 5478:Luonnotar 5462:The Dryad 5438:Finlandia 5026:Uusi Aura 4856:"Esipuhe" 4805:(2008) . 4783:(1993) . 4753:(2007) . 4583:(1934) . 4386:Goss 2009 4257:Gray 1934 4140:Goss 2009 4002:Goss 2009 3468:Uusi Aura 3174:Goss 2009 3159:Goss 2009 3034:Goss 2009 2962:Goss 2009 2882:Goss 2009 2878:Gray 1934 2774:Although 2630:melodrama 2558:contralto 2552:Although 2514:Finlandia 1973:In 1981, 1899:Höstkväll 1829:bilingual 1671:Fennomans 1667:Svecomans 1653:meaning. 1564:Finally, 1524:bel canto 1514:Puccini's 1438:bass drum 1420:, 2 1408:clarinets 1406:, 2 1380:contralto 1280:Scene 8: 1248:Holy Mary 1233:interlude 1144:contralto 1004:Uusi Aura 630:woodwinds 429:Skogsrået 189:Conductor 136:Publisher 94: 101 88:Catalogue 7011:Allegory 6945:Category 6866:Sibelius 6419:Teachers 6251:, Op. 21 6231:, Op. 90 6147:, Op. 13 6120:, Op. 85 6108:, Op. 75 6072:Kyllikki 5965:Hafträsk 5742:Marjatta 5625:Cantatas 5606:Everyman 5470:The Bard 5254:Kullervo 5150:6 August 5129:6 August 5108:6 August 5070:Websites 4897:(2011). 4889:21810287 4785:Sibelius 4708:(2007). 4631:(2018). 4585:Sibelius 4561:(2009). 4535:(2003). 4515:Sibelius 2087:Bailiff 2022:and the 1892:such as 1820:Kullervo 1802:folklore 1765:Kullervo 1669:and the 1516:Italian 1510:Gounod's 1446:triangle 1430:trombone 1428:(in F), 1424:(in F), 1416:and A), 1413:♭ 1388:baritone 1293:Synopsis 1203:Chorus 1192:baritone 1160:Älskaren 1103:Jungfrun 929:in 2019. 810:Kullervo 805:Kullervo 802:next to 753:for the 512:Premiere 342:and the 326:and the 253:libretto 179:Helsinki 175:Location 155:Premiere 147:Duration 120:Composed 110:Language 6277:(1899, 6218:, Op. 1 5734:Snöfrid 5541:Kuolema 5498:Tapiola 5385:En saga 5178:26 July 5102:erso.ee 5087:26 July 4999:]. 4471:Sources 2784:pirated 2694:Loreley 2641:cantata 2635:Snöfrid 2473:at the 2090:Maiden 2004:Karelia 1953:verismo 1519:verismo 1468:Karelia 1463:Karelia 1450:cymbals 1434:strings 1426:trumpet 1418:bassoon 1400:piccolo 1376:soprano 1285:† 1112:soprano 1045:at the 1043:Avanti! 785:Viipuri 755:Mikkeli 350:History 316:Mikkeli 261:Bailiff 165: ( 125: ( 114:Swedish 7006:Operas 6956:Portal 6480:Pupils 6310:Ainola 6303:Family 6110:(1914) 5983:Lovisa 5422:1895, 4887: 4883: 4836: 4817: 4791: 4769: 4739: 4716: 4694: 4664: 4645: 4610: 4593:373927 4591: 4569: 4547: 4521: 4502: 4312:Viking 2667:Junker 2517:, the 2497:typhus 2381:; and 2245:36:39 2176:35:15 2113:Label 2099:Choir 2093:Lover 1761:markka 1448:, and 1183:Fogden 1074:Roles 440:Wagner 140:Hansen 6970:Opera 6834:] 6807:] 6795:] 6783:] 6664:] 6611:] 6594:] 6582:] 6570:] 6547:] 6504:] 6451:] 6409:] 6366:] 6329:] 6203:orch. 6137:Songs 6046:Piano 5974:Korpo 5946:orch. 4862:[ 4637:[ 4539:[ 4490:[ 4478:Books 3092:Sirén 2721:] 2686:] 2538:Suite 2270:Notes 2242:2001 2224:] 2173:1983 2163:] 2151:] 2107:Time 1977:gave 1945:] 1914:Jubal 1889:] 1862:] 1422:horns 1410:(in B 1396:flute 1384:tenor 1367:Music 1208:Kören 1169:tenor 1124:] 1066:duets 1062:arias 1030:] 1011:] 999:] 974:Suite 967:] 956:] 944:] 927:] 858:] 781:] 770:Turku 729:] 654:] 642:] 632:. In 610:] 554:] 529:] 506:] 490:Bower 307:] 241:opera 45:Opera 6279:arr. 6267:arr. 6255:rev. 6249:Hymn 6091:arr. 5864:rev. 5844:rev. 5820:arr. 5808:arr. 5755:rev. 5660:rev. 5491:rev. 5424:rev. 5402:rev. 5390:rev. 5361:rev. 5339:rev. 5293:rev. 5265:rev. 5180:2022 5152:2022 5131:2022 5110:2022 5089:2022 4885:OCLC 4868:ISMN 4834:ISBN 4815:ISBN 4789:ISBN 4767:ISBN 4737:ISBN 4714:ISBN 4692:ISBN 4662:ISBN 4643:ISBN 4621:2022 4608:ISBN 4589:OCLC 4567:ISBN 4545:ISBN 4519:ISBN 4500:ISBN 4314:1993 2730:and 2665:The 2117:Ref. 2103:Rec. 1404:oboe 1014:and 731:and 601:and 160:Date 127:1896 123:1896 99:Text 4985:K. 4969:O. 2624:If 2336:BIS 2185:BIS 2077:No. 1479:". 1402:), 1264:" ( 1252:"). 1244:" ( 845:at 812:'s 660:In 539:pit 318:.) 287:). 235:), 47:by 6982:: 6832:fi 6805:fi 6793:fi 6781:fi 6662:fi 6609:fi 6592:fi 6580:fi 6568:fi 6545:fi 6502:fi 6459:: 6449:de 6428:: 6407:fi 6364:fi 6327:fi 6224:") 6183:") 6007:c. 5315:c. 5166:. 5162:. 5142:. 5121:. 5100:. 5079:. 4682:; 4678:; 4498:. 4429:^ 4291:^ 4264:^ 4213:^ 4198:^ 4171:^ 4132:^ 3946:^ 3931:^ 3892:^ 3851:^ 3798:^ 3601:^ 3572:^ 3521:^ 3477:^ 3459:^ 3444:^ 3427:^ 3396:^ 3331:^ 3313:^ 3286:^ 3265:^ 3245:^ 3225:^ 3205:^ 3181:^ 3166:^ 3149:^ 3111:^ 3080:^ 3053:^ 3006:^ 2981:^ 2930:^ 2901:^ 2787:LP 2719:fi 2684:fi 2545:^ 2521:, 2451:^ 2415:^ 2385:(" 2343:^ 2303:^ 2298:". 2279:^ 2222:de 2193:2 2161:sv 2149:sv 2123:1 2070:: 2010:. 1961:. 1943:fi 1887:fi 1860:fi 1444:, 1440:, 1436:, 1432:, 1394:, 1390:, 1386:, 1382:, 1378:, 1313:c. 1268:). 1122:fi 1028:fi 1009:fi 997:fi 965:fi 954:fi 942:fi 925:fi 856:sv 779:fi 727:fi 666:, 652:fi 640:fi 608:fi 552:fi 527:sv 504:fi 305:fi 237:JS 181:, 92:JS 65:c. 6958:: 6265:( 6012:) 6005:( 5211:e 5204:t 5197:v 5182:. 5154:. 5133:. 5112:. 5091:. 4993:" 4842:. 4823:. 4797:. 4775:. 4745:. 4722:. 4700:. 4670:. 4651:. 4623:. 4595:. 4575:. 4553:. 4527:. 4463:. 4451:. 4439:. 3781:. 3454:. 3094:. 2756:. 2696:( 2671:( 2648:( 2606:. 2589:. 2540:. 2432:( 1906:( 1896:( 1704:( 1692:( 1626:" 1599:. 1551:. 1495:. 1336:" 1311:( 1246:" 1235:. 486:( 426:( 411:( 263:( 169:) 129:) 70:) 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.