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quartermaster department at St. Louis. McKinstry required other contractors to sell goods to Child, Pratt & Fox, which sold them to the army at inflated prices and gave McKinstry a share of the profits. McKinstry padded payrolls, forged vouchers and demanded kickbacks during his term as quartermaster. Historian Edward G. Longacre wrote that McKinstry was betrayed by disgruntled associates. Historian Ezra J. Warner wrote that McKinstry "found ample opportunity to line his own pockets. Historian
Stewart Sifakis wrote: "While there may well have been other crooks in the uniform of a Union general, New York-born Justus McKinstry was the only one convicted and dismissed during the Civil War."
565:
492:, on October 25, 1861. Zagonyi's small Union force briefly occupied the town but withdrew because they had lost many of their horses during the fight and the Confederates would have outnumbered them if they had counter-attacked. On October 27, 1861, Union troops returned to occupy the town in force. Meanwhile, McKinstry came under investigation for his actions as quartermaster.
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502:. On November 11, 1861, Hunter ordered McKinstry to be arrested. On November 13, 1861, McKinstry was suspended. After his arrest, McKinstry was held in close confinement at the St. Louis Arsenal until February 22, 1862, when his confinement was enlarged to the city limits of St. Louis. During his time under suspension and arrest, McKinstry wrote
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waiting for hours after having summoned him to his headquarters in St. Louis. When McKinstry passed by and asked Grant about his wait, Grant told him the circumstances. McKinstry immediately got
Fremont's attention and told him that he had observed Grant's gallantry in Mexico and that he was a reliable man for the job.
509:
In
October 1862, he was convicted by court-martial of graft, corruption, and fraud in the quartermaster's office at St, Louis, Missouri." A St. Louis contractor, Child, Pratt & Fox, admitted to making a profit of $ 280,000 on $ 800,000 in sales during the few months of McKinstry's command of the
537:
Some time between 1863 and 1865, Susan McKinstry and the McKinstrys' three sons moved from St. Louis to
Ypsilanti, Michigan. The McKinstrys were never reunited, although there is some evidence they occasionally were in touch. Susan McKinstry was impoverished after 1869. Susan McKinstry died in 1892
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On
January 28, 1863, after more than a year under arrest and three months after his court martial hearings, McKinstry was cashiered "for neglect and violation of duty to the prejudice of good order and military discipline." Warner noted that McKinstry was one of only three Union Army generals to be
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to command the
Department of the West, headquartered at St. Louis. Already chief quartermaster when Fremont took command of the Department, McKinstry was appointed a major and assistant quartermaster in the U.S. Army on August 3, 1861, and continued his assignment in the Department of the West. On
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McKinstry was appointed a brigadier general of volunteers on
September 2, 1861, but the appointment expired without confirmation by the United States Senate on July 17, 1862. McKinstry's actual grade remained as major. Fremont assigned McKinstry to command Division 5 of the Department of the West
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on July 1, 1832. Fearing that he would fail the math exam at the end of the term and be expelled, McKinstry resigned from the
Academy in a December 1832 letter and ultimately left on January 31, 1833. He hoped that he might be reinstated and through his father's influence he was readmitted to the
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but after his meeting with Grant, Fremont decided to appoint Grant instead. McKinstry was an old West Point and regular army friend of Grant and assured
Fremont that rumors of Grant's drinking habits were exaggerated and he would be stable if given a responsible command. Fremont had kept Grant
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McKinstry resumed his career as a captain on
January 12, 1848, vacating his position as a captain in the 2nd Infantry Regiment and serving as a quartermaster with the commissioners running the boundary line on the United States-Mexico border in 1848–1849 and in California, 1850–1855. While in
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Catton describes McKinstry's introduction of Grant to Fremont as follows: "He considered sending John Pope to Cairo, but Major McKinstry took Grant in to see him, and after the war Fremont wrote that he saw in Grant the qualities of 'unassuming character not given to self elation, of dogged
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has the authority to appoint general officers. Generals could recommend that an officer or soldier be promoted, even to a general officer grade, but for general officers "...nomination by the President and confirmation by the Senate were never delegated..." Eicher, 2001, p.
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Allan Nevins stated simply that Fremont preferred Grant over Pope, whom some of Fremont's subordinates supported, "because he saw in him a man of iron will, dogged determination, great activity, and 'promptness in obeying orders without question.'" Nevins, 1959, p.
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at St. Louis with broad authority to issue regulations and orders. McKinstry's actions in restricting movements into and out of the city, instituting a 9:00 p.m. curfew and censoring the press made him, and Fremont, unpopular with many of the city's residents.
286:. in which he served until 1841. For 21 months, except for a few days, McKinstry commanded Company B of the 2d Infantry Regiment, in addition to his quartermaster duties, while the company commander was on recruiting duty. McKinstry was appointed a
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next Academy class. McKinstry re-entered the United States Military Academy on July 1, 1833. McKinstry failed a math exam in 1835 but was given an extra year at the Academy and graduated 40th in a class of 45 on July 1, 1838.
240:, on July 6, 1814. His parents were David McKinstry (born 1778) and Nancy (née Backus) McKinstry. They were married in 1805. In 1815, the McKinstry family, including Justus and three siblings, moved from Hudson, New York to
1779:
506:. Based on an examination of this document, the court-martial record and other circumstances, historian G. E. Rule is more sympathetic to McKinstry's actions and circumstances than many other historians.
208:"for neglect and violation of duty to the prejudice of good order and military discipline." Despite the expiration of his brigadier general appointment without Senate confirmation, some sources, such as
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Although McKinstry had been relieved the day before the engagement at Springfield and most of the Union force did not see action there, a detachment of about 300 Union troops under the command of Major
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On July 1, 1838, the day McKinstry graduated from the US Military Academy, he married his second cousin, Susan McKinstry, with whom he would have three sons, Charles, James and Carlisle (Cy).
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Driscoll states that guardians had to be appointed for Adelaide from soon after Justus's death until her own death in 1909. She was first described as of "unsound mind" and then "insane."
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also cites Frank Blair's interference with Fremont and efforts to get McKinstry to give contracts to Blair's shady friends, without placing blame on McKinstry for supply problems.
514:, on the other hand, noting Frank Blair's anger and complaints against McKinstry, remarked that McKinstry "was blamed (whether justly or unjustly) for all manner of malpractices."
451:, who was interested in obtaining more contracts for his friends but was unsuccessful in obtaining them from McKinstry, Fremont obtained McKinstry's removal as quartermaster from
1769:
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but kept him as provost marshal and then assigned him to a division command from September 2, 1861, to November 7, 1861, although he was relieved from duty on October 24, 1861.
378:. In May 1858, McKinstry developed a skin condition at Fort Brooke and was on leave awaiting orders from September 1858 until January 1860. McKinstry was stationed at
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after February 22, 1862, in anticipation of a court martial in October 1862. He was convicted of graft, corruption and fraud in the quartermaster's department in the
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cashiered during the American Civil War. Warner and Longacre state that McKinstry's sentence was the only one of its kind given to a general officer during the war.
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California, McKinstry engaged in a profitable land transaction with his second cousin and brother-in-law, George McKinstry Jr. In 1849, George (1810–1882) bought
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196:. He was suspended from his appointment and held under arrest starting November 13, 1861, although his confinement was expanded to the city limits of
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At least one source states that Fremont appointed McKinstry as a general. Fremont was not legally authorized to commission generals since only the
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204:. The court recommended his dismissal from the army. On January 28, 1863, after being held in arrest for more than a year, McKinstry was
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The full text of this lengthy document can be found as part of the Civil War St. Louis web site in the article by G. E. Rule entitled,
370:, 1856–1858. During this 30-month period in Florida, McKinstry served as quartermaster under the close control of Brigadier General
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and in 1850 sold the other half-interest to Justus McKinstry. In 1851, Justus McKinstry sold this half-interest to John Bidwell.
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After his dismissal from the Union Army, McKinstry was a speculator, stock broker in New York City, 1864–1867 and land agent in
534:, 1867–1870. After that, Driscoll states that McKinstry survived on "dreams, schemes and sinecures from St. Louis associates."
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between September 24, 1861 and October 24, 1861 as Fremont's army of five divisions, about 30,000 men, moved out toward
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310:, and served as a staff officer and assistant quartermaster. Although he was a quartermaster, McKinstry was awarded a
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generals who were cashiered. After his dismissal from the Union Army, McKinstry was a speculator and stock broker in
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authorized McKinstry to purchase goods at any price and on any terms he found acceptable and also appointed him
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Reports of Land Cases Determined in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California
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Reports of Land Cases Determined in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California
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and a marriage certificate from St. Louis shows that Justus McKinstry married Adelaide Dickinson in 1895.
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224:, 1867 – c. 1870, although he spent most of the rest of his life in reduced circumstances in St. Louis.
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for gallant and meritorious conduct after taking command of a company of volunteers at the Battles of
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George W. Cullum's Register of Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy
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George W. Cullum's Register of Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy
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Driscoll, 2006, at p. 31 wrote that the Second Seminole War brought McKinstry and half the
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George W. Cullum's Register of Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy
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George W. Cullum's Register of Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy
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drove off the newly recruited and poorly armed Confederate force of about 1,000 men at the
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Fremont was relieved of command on November 2, 1861, and replaced in interim command by
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Vindication of Brig. Gen. J. McKinstry, Formerly Quarter-Master, Western Department
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244:. David McKinstry prospered in Detroit and became influential in the community.
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Warner states that McKinstry "probably" was born in Columbia County, New York.
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212:, list McKinstry as a brigadier general. If so regarded, he was one of three
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In response to growing pressure from influential persons such as Missouri
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as chief quartermaster of the Department of the West on January 10, 1860.
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326:, to rank from August 20, 1847. McKinstry was an original member of the
294:, 1842–1844, on recruiting duty, 1845–1846 and at Fort Columbus (later
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241:
1615:
Hunt, Rockwell Dennis. "'John Bidwell, prince of California pioneers
913:. Retrieved July 18, 2012. p. 568. Also retrieved April 21, 2018 at
355:. Also in 1849, McKinstry sold a one-half interest in the land to
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in the 2nd Infantry Regiment on April 18, 1841. He then served at
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on July 1, 1838. In quick succession in 1838, he was stationed at
1654:, edited by Patricia L. Faust. New York: Harper & Row, 1986.
788:, edited by Patricia L. Faust. New York: Harper & Row, 1986.
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to Fremont. Fremont had considered appointing Brigadier General
1527:. Retrieved July 18, 2012. Also retrieved April 21, 2018 at
466:
in an effort to capture the strategically located town from
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After his service in California, McKinstry was assigned to
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but his appointment expired without being confirmed by the
125:
Brigadier general appointment expired without confirmation
1538:
Rogue: a biography of Civil War General Justus McKinstry
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Rogue: a biography of Civil War General Justus McKinstry
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Rogue: a biography of Civil War General Justus McKinstry
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Rogue: a biography of Civil War General Justus McKinstry
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With help from his father, Justus McKinstry entered the
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American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
1717:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964.
970:, 2nd paragraph, August 2001, retrieved April 21, 2018.
713:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964.
1014:
Aztec Club of 1847. Sesquicentenial History, 1847–1997
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United States Army personnel who were court-martialed
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Historical Times Illustrated History of the Civil War
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Historical Times Illustrated History of the Civil War
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cites McKinstry as performing a great service to the
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People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
1574:. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2012.
1311:. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2012.
129:
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1589:. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2001.
1127:. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2001.
405:August 14, 1861, Department of the West commander
1617:, Caldwell, ID: The Caxton Printers, Ltd., 1942.
1044:, Caldwell, ID: The Caxton Printers, Ltd., 1942.
306:On March 3, 1847, McKinstry received the rank of
1632:Men of War: Essays on American Wars and Warriors
1540:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. 2006.
1207:Men of War: Essays on American Wars and Warriors
1088:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. 2006.
934:, Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. 2006.
748:, Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. 2006.
1715:Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders
1693:. Posted August 2001. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
1353:. Posted August 2001. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
1185:persistence, of iron will.'"Catton, 1963, p. 27
711:Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders
603:Quartermaster General of the United States Army
541:Justus McKinstry died on December 11, 1897, at
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1572:The Civil War in Missouri: A Military History
1309:The Civil War in Missouri: A Military History
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1770:People of Michigan in the American Civil War
1502:. New York: Fred Defau & Company, 1897.
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1236:. New York: Fred Defau & Company, 1897.
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1676:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1959.
1635:. Philadelphia: Xlibris Corporation, 2006.
1559:Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.
1267:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1959.
1210:. Philadelphia: Xlibris Corporation, 2006.
1042:John Bidwell, prince of California pioneers
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669:Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.
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593:List of American Civil War generals (Union)
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156:(July 6, 1814 – December 11, 1897) was a
1368:, August 2001, retrieved April 21, 2018.
598:Quartermaster Corps (United States Army)
1476:The Centennial History of the Civil War
1343:
1341:
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1161:The Centennial History of the Civil War
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428:cause by introducing Brigadier General
1790:United States Military Academy alumni
268:2nd Infantry Regiment (United States)
7:
1795:19th-century American businesspeople
1674:The Improvised War 1861 – 1862
1604:, San Francisco: Numa Hubert, 1862.
1482:. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1963.
1265:The Improvised War 1861 – 1862
1167:. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1963.
1065:, San Francisco: Numa Hubert, 1862.
14:
1800:Businesspeople from New York City
883:Driscoll, 2006, pp. 24, 111, 190.
1690:Justus McKinstry and His Enemies
1365:Justus McKinstry and His Enemies
1350:Justus McKinstry and His Enemies
1026:'Members at Aztec Club web site'
967:Justus McKinstry and His Enemies
577:
563:
343:, a 22,214-acre (89.90 km)
262:McKinstry was commissioned as a
1700:New York: Facts On File, 1988.
1012:Breithaupt, Jr., Richard Hoag.
866:New York: Facts On File, 1988.
220:, 1864–1867, and land agent in
1295:President of the United States
314:appointment as a major in the
278:. By November 1838, he was in
249:United States Military Academy
192:. His actual highest rank was
1:
1698:Who Was Who in the Civil War.
864:Who Was Who in the Civil War.
232:Justus McKinstry was born in
1810:Burials at Highland Cemetery
1805:People from Hudson, New York
1450:Driscoll, 2006, pp. 191–192.
316:Regular Army (United States)
1284:Gerteis, 2001, pp. 147–148.
1028:. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
490:First Battle of Springfield
1826:
979:Driscoll, 2006, pp. 30-34.
826:Driscoll, 2006, pp. 13–14.
272:Sackett's Harbor, New York
160:officer who served in the
805:Driscoll, 2006, pp. 9–13.
571:American Civil War portal
436:to the important post at
238:Columbia County, New York
184:in the early days of the
27:
1557:Civil War High Commands.
667:Civil War High Commands.
349:Butte County, California
88:United States of America
1441:Driscoll, 2006, p. 188.
1427:Driscoll, 2006, p. 182.
1418:Longacre, 1986, p. 464.
1105:Driscoll, 2006, p. 111.
1040:Hunt, Rockwell Dennis.
1494:Church, William Conant
1333:Gerteis, 2012, p. 119.
1228:Church, William Conant
1144:Gerteis, 2001, p. 147.
334:Assignments: 1849–1861
292:Fort Niagara, New York
276:Fort Gratiot, Michigan
202:Department of the West
164:and with merit in the
1670:The War for the Union
1551:Eicher, John H., and
1409:Warner, 1964, p. xxi.
1397:Warner, 1964, p. 303.
1261:The War for the Union
1114:Eicher, 2001, p. 243.
1003:Cullum, 1868, p. 569.
838:Driscoll, 2006, p.14.
814:Driscoll, 2006, p.13.
661:Eicher, John H., and
464:Springfield, Missouri
453:Quartermaster General
172:. He was appointed a
110:Years of service
1646:Longacre, Edward G.
1480:Terrible Swift Sword
1377:Catton, 1963, p. 24.
1165:Terrible Swift Sword
1016:. 1998. pp. 950–956.
780:Longacre, Edward G.
526:Later life and death
471:Missouri State Guard
368:Fort Brooke, Florida
302:Mexican–American War
253:West Point, New York
190:United States Senate
166:Mexican–American War
142:Mexican–American War
1765:Union Army officers
1587:Civil War St. Louis
1585:Gerteis, Louis S.,
1570:Gerteis, Louis S.,
1307:Gerteis, Louis S.,
1125:Civil War St. Louis
1123:Gerteis, Louis S.,
551:Ypsilanti, Michigan
543:St. Louis, Missouri
456:Montgomery C. Meigs
380:St. Louis, Missouri
364:Fort Myers, Florida
353:Manuel Micheltorena
341:Rancho Arroyo Chico
284:Second Seminole War
282:for service in the
198:St. Louis, Missouri
162:Second Seminole War
134:Second Seminole War
77:Ypsilanti, Michigan
66:St, Louis, Missouri
1696:Sifakis, Stewart.
1536:Driscoll, John K.
1532:: Justus McKinstry
1513:Cullum, George W.
1082:Driscoll, John K.
928:Driscoll, John K.
918:: Justus McKinstry
899:Cullum, George W.
862:Sifakis, Stewart.
744:Driscoll, John K.
545:. He is buried at
386:American Civil War
345:Mexican land grant
328:Aztec Club of 1847
186:American Civil War
170:Third Seminole War
158:United States Army
146:American Civil War
138:Third Seminole War
100:United States Army
1723:978-0-8071-0822-2
1706:978-0-8160-1055-4
1682:978-0-684-10426-3
1660:978-0-06-273116-6
1641:978-1-4257-1715-5
1595:978-0-7006-1124-9
1580:978-0-8262-1972-5
1565:978-0-8047-3641-1
1546:978-0-7864-2385-9
1488:978-0-385-02614-7
1317:978-0-8262-1972-5
1273:978-0-684-10426-3
1216:978-1-4257-1715-5
1173:978-0-385-02614-7
1133:978-0-7006-1124-9
1094:978-0-7864-2385-9
942:. pp. vii, 30-34.
940:978-0-7864-2385-9
872:978-0-8160-1055-4
794:978-0-06-273116-6
754:978-0-7864-2385-9
719:978-0-8071-0822-2
675:978-0-8047-3641-1
547:Highland Cemetery
390:On July 3, 1861,
372:William S. Harney
264:second lieutenant
242:Detroit, Michigan
174:brigadier general
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59:December 11, 1897
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1736:Justus McKinstry
1648:Justus McKinstry
1629:Kurtz, Henry I.
1600:Hoffman, Ogden.
1519:. Vol. 1, 1868.
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154:Justus McKinstry
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410:John C. Fremont
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512:Bruce Catton
508:
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500:David Hunter
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422:Bruce Catton
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374:and Colonel
366:in 1856 and
361:
357:John Bidwell
337:
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153:
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130:Battles/wars
61:(1897-12-11)
47:July 6, 1814
15:
1760:1897 deaths
1755:1814 births
955:to Florida.
468:Confederate
449:Frank Blair
446:Congressman
210:Ezra Warner
168:and in the
1749:Categories
1672:. Vol. 1,
1610:1015736395
1478:. Vol. 2,
1466:References
1263:. Vol. 1,
1163:. Vol. 2,
1071:1015736395
420:Historian
397:appointed
324:Churubusco
228:Early life
214:Union Army
182:Union Army
104:Union Army
84:Allegiance
43:1814-07-06
1662:. p. 463.
1218:. p. 107.
1135:. p. 169.
1096:. p. 110.
874:. p. 419.
796:. p. 463.
677:. p. 605.
434:John Pope
392:President
320:Contreras
206:cashiered
113:1838–1863
1623:42955742
1175:. p. 27.
1050:42955742
721:. p.302.
557:See also
296:Fort Jay
94:Service/
1525:1744449
1508:5165007
1242:5165007
911:1744449
756:. p. 8.
308:captain
280:Florida
266:in the
180:in the
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234:Hudson
96:branch
72:Buried
609:Notes
426:Union
194:major
122:Major
1719:ISBN
1702:ISBN
1678:ISBN
1656:ISBN
1637:ISBN
1619:OCLC
1606:OCLC
1591:ISBN
1576:ISBN
1561:ISBN
1542:ISBN
1521:OCLC
1504:OCLC
1484:ISBN
1313:ISBN
1269:ISBN
1238:OCLC
1212:ISBN
1195:330.
1169:ISBN
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1090:ISBN
1067:OCLC
1046:OCLC
936:ISBN
907:OCLC
868:ISBN
790:ISBN
750:ISBN
715:ISBN
671:ISBN
322:and
274:and
118:Rank
56:Died
37:Born
1738:at
1650:In
1298:32.
784:In
251:at
1751::
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41:(
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