77:
96:
1732:
281:, and so would be hard to detect. Small kilometer-sized asteroids would also be hard to detect, however, and recent work by Orton et al. and Hammel et al. has strongly suggested the impactor was an asteroid, as it left only one impact site, did not reduce Jovian decametric radiation emission by contributing significant dust to the Jovian magnetosphere, and produced high altitude dusty debris full of silica, very different than what was produced by SL9.
2171:
2182:
37:
300:
times brighter than a 25th magnitude object.) Most asteroid surveys that use a wide field of view do not see fainter than about magnitude 22 (which is 16x brighter than magnitude 25). Even detecting satellites less than 10 km in diameter orbiting
Jupiter is difficult and requires some of the
276:
Given the size of the SL9 impactors, it is likely that this object was less than one kilometer in diameter. Finding water at the site would indicate that the impactor was a comet, as opposed to an asteroid or a very small, icy moon. At first it was believed that the object was more likely to be a
1038:
Sánchez-Lavega, A.; Wesley, A.; Orton, G.; Hueso, R.; Perez-Hoyos, S.; Fletcher, L. N.; Yanamandra-Fisher, P.; Legarreta, J.; De Pater, I.; Hammel, H.; Simon-Miller, A.; Gomez-Forrellad, J. M.; Ortiz, J. L.; GarcĂa-Melendo, E.; Puetter, R. C.; Chodas, P. (2010). "The Impact of a Large Object on
191:
When first seen close to the limb (and in poor conditions) it was only a vaguely dark spot, I likely to be just a normal dark polar storm. However as it rotated further into view, and the conditions improved I suddenly realised that it wasn't just dark, it was
268:
The object that hit
Jupiter was not identified before Wesley discovered the impact. A 2003 paper estimated comets with a diameter larger than 1.5 kilometers impact Jupiter about every 90 to 500 years, while a 1997 survey suggested that the astronomer
238:(IRTF) at Mauna Kea showed a bright spot where the impact took place, indicating the impact warmed a 190 million square km area of the lower atmosphere at 305° west, 57° south near Jupiter's south pole.
1002:
Hammel, H. B.; Wong, M. H.; Clarke, J. T.; De Pater, I.; Fletcher, L. N.; Hueso, R.; Noll, K.; Orton, G. S.; Pérez-Hoyos, S.; Sánchez-Lavega, A.; Simon-Miller, A. A.; Yanamandra-Fisher, P. A. (2010).
933:
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wavelengths and the IRTF, Glenn Orton and his team detected bright upwelling particles in the planet's upper atmosphere and using mid-infrared wavelengths, found possible extra emission of
609:
625:
1117:
820:
1167:
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comet since comets generally have more planet-crossing orbits. At the distance of
Jupiter (5.2 AU) most small comets are not close enough to the Sun to be very
501:
1527:
1532:
1258:
257:
527:
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that caused a black spot in the planet's atmosphere. The impact area covered 190 million square kilometers, similar in area to the planet's
1899:
957:
256:
River Valley in
Siberia in June 1908. (This would be approximately 12,500–13,000 megatons of TNT, over a million times more powerful than
571:
1160:
1658:
420:
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1112:
241:
The spot's prominence indicated that it was composed of high-altitude aerosols similar to those seen during the SL9 impact. Using
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103:
81:
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Assuming it was an inactive comet (or asteroid) about 1 km in diameter, this object would have been no brighter than about
668:
2212:
172:
1312:
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1153:
812:
471:
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1625:
1252:
1222:
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1098:
1004:"Jupiter After the 2009 Impact:hubble Space Telescopeimaging of the Impact-Generated Debris and Its Temporal Evolution"
1922:
1493:
252:
The force of the explosion on
Jupiter was thousands of times more powerful than the suspected comet or asteroid that
164:
875:
493:
76:
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1580:
1307:
1279:
160:
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141:. The impactor is estimated to have been about 200 to 500 meters in diameter. (For comparison, the one for the
794:
343:
1721:
1716:
1552:
849:
1951:
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As of 2012, the impactor is believed to have been an asteroid with a diameter of about 200 to 500 meters.
223:
99:
41:
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234:, but they spent some of their time looking at the Jupiter impact. Infrared observation by Keck and the
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2002:
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equipped with a low light machine vision video camera attached to the telescope. Wesley stated that:
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1990:
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image of the scar taken on July 23 showing a blemish of about 8,000 kilometres (5,000 mi) long
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2017:
1996:
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17:
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816:
242:
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2011:
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126:
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467:
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219:
36:
2122:
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best telescopes in the world. It is only since 1999 with the discovery of
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579:
Comet/Asteroid
Impacts and Human Society, An Interdisciplinary Approach
246:
130:
68:
1590:
227:
111:
89:
773:
1127:
1053:
624:
Zahnle, Kevin; Schenk, Paul; Levison, Harold; Dones, Luke (2003).
402:. University of California, Berkeley press release, July 21, 2009.
94:
75:
706:"Discovery of a Possible Impact SPOT on Jupiter Recorded in 1690"
704:
Tabe, Isshi; Watanabe, Jun-ichi; Jimbo, Michiwo (February 1997).
683:
1.5-km-diameter comets is currently N(d > 1.5 km) = 0.005
581:. Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer-Verlag. pp. 303–330.
1464:
201:
1640:
1149:
222:
and collaborators confirmed the sighting. They had time on the
163:
on 19 July 2009 (exactly 15 years after the
Jupiter impacts of
1113:
Jupiter
Section of ALPO-Japan with Latest Jupiter Observations
956:. Carnegie Institution (Department of Terrestrial Magnetism).
400:
Jupiter pummeled, leaving bruise the size of the
Pacific Ocean
183:, using stacked images on a 14.5-inch (36.8 cm) diameter
774:"Surprise Collision on Jupiter Captured by Gemini Telescope"
1636:
736:
Jupiter has been continuously monitored for almost 400 yr
981:. SpaceFlight Now (University of Arizona News Release)
878:
494:"Amateur astronomer spots Earth-size scar on Jupiter"
417:"Asteroids Ahoy! Jupiter Scar Likely from Rocky Body"
1140:
Simulations unravel mysteries of 2009 Jupiter impact
305:
that astronomers have been able to discover many of
2144:
2095:
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1982:
1964:
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in all channels, meaning it was truly a black spot.
64:
49:
1118:Aussie stargazer spots scar from Jupiter collision
927:
710:Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
145:was estimated to be in the 60–190 meters range.)
608:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
577:. In Bobrowsky, Peter T.; Rickman, Hans (eds.).
344:"Hubble Takes Snapshot of Jupiter's 'Black Eye'"
843:
841:
839:
837:
443:"Amateur Finds New Earth-Sized Blot on Jupiter"
189:
954:"New Satellites of Jupiter Discovered in 2003"
928:{\displaystyle ({\sqrt{100}})^{25-(-2.8)}=131}
546:"New NASA Images Indicate Object Hits Jupiter"
534:. Keck Observatory observations, July 21, 2009
200:Wesley sent an e-mail to others including the
80:A picture of the 2009 impact mark captured by
1652:
1161:
159:discovered the impact at approximately 13:30
8:
492:O'Loughlin, Toni and agencies (2009-07-21).
395:
393:
391:
369:
367:
365:
29:
1134:APOD 9/8/2009, Unexpected Impact on Jupiter
1095:"Photo of Anthony Wesley and his telescope"
795:Glowing scar is revealing Jupiter's secrets
626:"Cratering rates in the outer Solar System"
1961:
1866:
1745:
1659:
1645:
1637:
1187:
1168:
1154:
1146:
591:. Archived from the original on 2009-07-29
28:
1052:
1027:
898:
887:
882:
877:
813:"Jupiter sports new 'bruise' from impact"
729:
654:
520:
518:
468:"Impact mark on Jupiter, 19th July 2009"
410:
408:
377:. Hubblesite (STScI-2009-23). 2009-07-24
375:"Hubble Captures Rare Jupiter Collision"
334:
750:"Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 Fragment Size"
601:
273:may have recorded an impact in 1690.
7:
614:. Accessed 2009-07-27. 2009-07-29.
544:Martinez, Carolina (July 20, 2009).
423:from the original on 27 January 2011
415:Jia-Rui C. Cook (January 26, 2011).
1528:Predicted asteroid impacts on Earth
230:, and had been planning to observe
1533:Asteroid close approaches to Earth
823:from the original on 3 August 2009
776:. Gemini Observatory. 23 July 2009
137:and approximately the size of the
121:, occasionally referred to as the
25:
1123:A comet or meteoroid hits Jupiter
1101:from the original on 26 July 2009
552:from the original on 27 July 2009
504:from the original on 29 July 2009
2180:
2170:
2169:
1730:
1565:Asteroids crossing Earth's orbit
1275:2002 Eastern Mediterranean event
960:from the original on 8 June 2009
848:Carl Hergenrother (2009-07-21).
441:Mackey, Robert (July 21, 2009).
419:. News and Features @ NASA/JPL.
236:NASA Infrared Telescope Facility
104:NASA Infrared Telescope Facility
82:NASA Infrared Telescope Facility
35:
755:. Lunar and Planetary Institute
474:from the original on 2009-07-24
1877:Jupiter-crossing minor planets
914:
905:
895:
879:
296:25. (Jupiter shines about 130
167:, or SL9). He was at his home
1:
1313:2012 United Kingdom meteoroid
811:Grossman, Lisa (2009-07-21).
665:10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00048-4
548:. Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
342:Dennis Overbye (2009-07-24).
258:the bomb dropped on Hiroshima
1626:Potentially hazardous object
1142:(physorg.com March 30, 2012)
1071:10.1088/2041-8205/715/2/L155
1029:10.1088/2041-8205/715/2/L150
850:"More on the Jupiter Impact"
211:reporting his observations.
102:(the two in the middle) and
979:"New moon of Jupiter found"
2234:
2078:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
1581:Asteroid impact prediction
1280:2007 Carancas impact event
1136:polar projection animation
254:exploded over the Tunguska
2165:
1938:2016 Jupiter impact event
1933:2010 Jupiter impact event
1928:2009 Jupiter impact event
1728:
1674:
1586:Asteroid impact avoidance
1302:2009 Sulawesi superbolide
1041:The Astrophysical Journal
1008:The Astrophysical Journal
205:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
119:2009 Jupiter impact event
34:
30:2009 Jupiter impact event
18:Jupiter 2009 impact event
1488:Impact events on Jupiter
1128:Jupiter - friend or foe?
572:"18: The Tunguska event"
570:Longo, Giuseppe (2007).
319:Impact events on Jupiter
307:Jupiter's smallest moons
2187:Solar System portal
1259:Earth-grazing meteoroid
1253:Great Daylight Fireball
1223:Great Meteor Procession
1097:. (jupiter.samba.org).
1039:Jupiter in 2009 July".
799:San Francisco Chronicle
470:. (jupiter.samba.org).
53:July 19, 2009
1923:Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9
1596:Earth-grazing fireball
1494:Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9
929:
525:Jupiter adds a feature
324:List of Jupiter events
198:
165:comet Shoemaker–Levy 9
114:
92:
2213:Jupiter impact events
1471:Impact events on Mars
1353:2015 Kerala meteoroid
1348:2014 Ontario fireball
1330:Chelyabinsk meteorite
1297:Buzzard Coulee meteor
930:
98:
79:
1722:Jupiter's South Pole
1717:Jupiter's North Pole
1358:2015 Thailand bolide
1308:Sutter's Mill meteor
1177:Modern impact events
876:
731:10.1093/pasj/49.1.l1
209:Pasadena, California
185:reflecting telescope
2218:2009 in outer space
2117:Io Volcano Observer
1338:Braunschweig meteor
1241:Sikhote-Alin meteor
1063:2010ApJ...715L.155S
1020:2010ApJ...715L.150H
722:1997PASJ...49L...1T
647:2003Icar..163..263Z
31:
1679:Outline of Jupiter
1325:Chelyabinsk meteor
925:
530:2011-07-20 at the
447:The New York Times
349:The New York Times
294:apparent magnitude
154:Amateur astronomer
125:, was a July 2009
115:
93:
2195:
2194:
2140:
2139:
1946:
1945:
1858:
1857:
1634:
1633:
1621:Near-Earth object
1601:Meteor procession
1548:Meteor air bursts
1458:
1457:
1395:Winchcombe meteor
1389:2020 China bolide
1368:2017 China bolide
1130:(arXiv:0806.2795)
950:Scott S. Sheppard
892:
854:The Transient Sky
793:Perlman, David. "
588:978-3-540-32709-7
466:Wesley, Anthony.
74:
73:
16:(Redirected from
2225:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2173:
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2080:(2023, en route)
1962:
1867:
1746:
1734:
1661:
1654:
1647:
1638:
1449:
1438:
1427:
1416:
1405:
1379:Kamchatka meteor
1290:
1247:Murchison meteor
1188:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1147:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1082:
1056:
1033:
1031:
990:
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748:D. A. Crawford.
745:
739:
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733:
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695:
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673:
667:. Archived from
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339:
100:Keck Observatory
60:
58:
39:
32:
21:
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2222:
2208:2009 in science
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2181:
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2161:
2136:
2091:
2066:
2046:Voyager program
2018:Pioneer program
1997:Galileo project
1991:Cassini–Huygens
1978:
1957:
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1886:
1854:
1808:
1775:
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1569:
1553:Meteorite falls
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996:Further reading
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801:, 23 July 2009.
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779:
777:
772:
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758:
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752:
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742:
703:
702:
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692: per annum
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656:10.1.1.520.2964
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1700:Great Red Spot
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1384:2019 MO impact
1381:
1375:
1373:2018 LA impact
1370:
1365:
1363:WT1190F impact
1360:
1355:
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1343:2014 AA impact
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1235:Chicora meteor
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1088:External links
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641:(2): 263–289.
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1707:Magnetosphere
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817:New Scientist
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243:near-infrared
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237:
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226:telescope in
225:
221:
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203:
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173:Murrumbateman
171:just outside
170:
166:
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140:
139:Pacific Ocean
136:
132:
128:
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123:Wesley impact
120:
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2012:New Horizons
2010:
2001:
1989:
1971:
1927:
1840:Ananke group
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1229:Curuçá River
1211:Great Meteor
1205:Great Meteor
1103:. Retrieved
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669:the original
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498:The Guardian
497:
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446:
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425:. Retrieved
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353:. Retrieved
347:
337:
291:
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267:
251:
240:
218:
199:
193:
190:
152:
127:impact event
122:
118:
116:
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1952:Exploration
1905:Trojan camp
1845:Carme group
1047:(2): L155.
1014:(2): L150.
232:Fomalhaut b
169:observatory
106:(right) at
2202:Categories
2031:Pioneer 11
2024:Pioneer 10
1900:Greek camp
1695:Atmosphere
1105:2009-07-21
985:2009-07-23
964:2009-07-23
860:2009-07-24
827:2009-07-22
780:2009-07-24
759:2009-07-22
678:2009-07-27
595:2009-07-26
556:2009-07-21
508:2009-07-21
500:. London.
478:2009-07-21
452:2009-07-21
427:2011-01-26
381:2009-07-24
355:2009-07-25
330:References
303:Callirrhoe
288:Visibility
220:Paul Kalas
57:2009-07-19
2157:Mythology
2123:Tianwen-4
2103:Laplace-P
2059:Voyager 2
2052:Voyager 1
1863:Astronomy
1813:Irregular
1688:Geography
1616:Meteoroid
1611:Meteorite
1268:Post-2000
1079:119251280
1054:1005.2312
909:−
903:−
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651:CiteSeerX
604:cite book
181:Australia
149:Discovery
108:Mauna Kea
86:Mauna Kea
2175:Category
2096:Proposed
1958:missions
1835:Valetudo
1825:Themisto
1804:Callisto
1799:Ganymede
1781:Galilean
1766:Amalthea
1761:Adrastea
1574:See also
1217:Tunguska
1199:Qingyang
1191:Pre-2000
1184:On Earth
1099:Archived
958:Archived
821:Archived
550:Archived
528:Archived
502:Archived
472:Archived
421:Archived
313:See also
264:Impactor
215:Findings
65:Location
2152:Fiction
2145:Related
2110:Shensuo
2040:Ulysses
2003:Galileo
1965:Current
1956:orbital
1915:Impacts
1892:Trojans
1870:General
1668:Jupiter
1543:Bolides
1480:Jupiter
1445:2024 RW
1434:2024 BX
1423:2023 CX
1412:2022 WJ
1401:2022 EB
1286:2008 TC
1059:Bibcode
1016:Bibcode
718:Bibcode
643:Bibcode
298:billion
271:Cassini
247:ammonia
224:Keck II
131:Jupiter
69:Jupiter
55: (
2133:(2030)
2125:(2029)
2119:(2026)
2113:(2024)
2105:(2023)
2088:(2024)
2071:Future
1794:Europa
1591:Bolide
1538:Comets
1450:impact
1439:impact
1428:impact
1417:impact
1406:impact
1291:impact
1077:
856:(Blog)
653:
634:Icarus
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279:active
228:Hawaii
112:Hawaii
90:Hawaii
42:Hubble
2130:SMARA
1830:Carpo
1771:Thebe
1756:Metis
1749:Inner
1741:Moons
1712:Rings
1521:Lists
1510:2016
1504:2010
1498:2009
1492:1994
1393:2021
1377:2018
1336:2013
1323:2013
1317:2012
1306:2012
1295:2008
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