621:) has been transliterated into the Latin alphabet and annotated by Ibrahim Alfian published in Jakarta. Perang sabi was the Acehnese word for jihad, a holy war and Acehnese language literary works on prang sabi were distributed by ulama such as Teungku di Tiro to help the resistance against the Dutch in the Aceh War. The recompense awarded by in paradise detailed in Islamic Arabic texts and Dutch atrocities were expounded on in the hikayat prang sabi which was communally read by small cabals of ulama and Acehnese who swore an oath before going to achieve the desired status of "martyr" by launching suicide attacks on the Dutch. Perang sabil was the Malay equivalent to other terms like Jihad, Ghazawat for "Holy war", the text was also spelled "Hikayat perang sabi". Fiction novels like Sayf Muhammad Isa's
482:
containing a
Rodgers. Other officers took up the principle, adding new refinements to make it additionally unattractive to the Moros. In some sections the Moro juramentado was beheaded after death and the head sewn inside the carcass of a pig. And so the rite of running juramentado, at least semi-religious in character, ceased to be in Sulu. The last cases of this religious mania occurred in the early decades of the century. The juramentados were replaced by the amucks. .. who were simply homicidal maniacs with no religious significance attaching to their acts.
440:. In an era of warfare where body armor had become anachronistic, an unexpected melee attack with razor-sharp blades was a devastating tactic against veteran soldiers. Even when colonizers had time to draw weapons and fire on the charging attacker, the small caliber weapons commonly in use possessed no stopping power, bullets passing through limbs and torso, the juramentados' ritual binding working as a set of tourniquets to prevent the swordsman from bleeding out from wounds before accomplishing his purpose.
361:
603:
Acehnese. The revolt happened in Bayu and was centred around Tjot Plieng village's religious school. During the revolt, the
Japanese troops armed with mortars and machine guns were charged by sword wielding Acehnese under Teungku Abduldjalil (Tengku Abdul Djalil) in Buloh Gampong Teungah and Tjot Plieng on November 10 and 13. In May 1945 the Acehnese rebelled again.
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510:, said about the burial of juramentados with pig remains that he never found any indication that it was true in extensive research on his Moro experiences, and that such an event would be out of keeping with Pershing's character. Rather, most sources indicate the idea of using pigs was suggested to Pershing but he rejected it.
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312:, the chosen took a ritual bath, all body hair was shaved, and the eyebrows trimmed to resemble "a moon two days old." A strong band was wrapped firmly around the waist, and cords wrapped tightly around the genitals, ankles, knees, upper thighs, wrists, elbows, and shoulders, restricting blood flow and preventing the
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were things the soldiers considered essential to the confidence that they could stop a charging, determined Moro. It is also from the impact of the juramentado that Gen. John J. Pershing acquired his respect for the shotgun as a military implement, which
Americans would be the only force to carry in
538:
Of course there is nothing to be done, but I understand it has long been a custom to bury (insurgents) with pigs when they kill
Americans. I think this a good plan, for if anything will discourage the (insurgents) it is the prospect of going to hell instead of to heaven. You can rely on me to stand
525:
attacks were materially reduced in number by a practice the army had already adopted, one that
Muhhamadans held in abhorrence. The bodies were publicly buried in the same grave with a dead pig. It was not pleasant to have to take such measures, but the prospect of going to hell instead of heaven
602:
fought against both the Dutch and the
Japanese, revolting against the Dutch in February 1942 and against Japan in November 1942. The revolt was led by the All-Aceh Religious Scholars' Association (PUSA). The Japanese suffered 18 dead in the uprising while they slaughtered up to 100 or over 120
481:
had been unable to accomplish. Rodgers inaugurated a system of burying all dead juramentados in a common grave with the carcasses of slaughtered pigs. The
Mohammedan religion forbids contact with pork; and this relatively simple device resulted in the withdrawal of juramentados to sections not
1776:
451:, included the following paragraph: "What finally stopped the Juramentados was the custom of wrapping the dead man in a pig's skin and stuffing his mouth with pork. As the pig was an unclean animal, this was considered an unspeakable defilement."
79:
and non-Muslims alike, a juramentado was a dedicated, premeditated, and sometimes highly skilled warrior who prepared himself through a ritual of binding, shaving, and prayer in order to accomplish brazen attacks armed only with edged weapons.
435:
The Moros' use of local intelligence to mark target situations, coupled with a keen understanding of the tactical element of surprise made combating juramentado warriors difficult for
Spanish troops during its long attempt to occupy the
629:
on
Indonesia's history of Islamic holy war (Jihad). Children and women were inspired to do suicide attacks by the Hikayat Perang Sabil against the Dutch. Hikayat prang sabi is considered as part of 19th century Acehnese literature.
248:
The Moro juramentados performed suicide attacks against
Japanese troops. The Japanese were among several enemies the Moros juramentados launched suicide attacks against, the others being the Spanish, Americans and Filipinos.
2035:
272:
The juramentado suicide charges were started by the Moros in the late 19th century to compensate after 1876 when they suffered reprisals from modern gunboats run by steam used by the Spanish.
1030:. Elihu Root Collection of United States Documents Relating to the Philippine Islands. Vol. 34. Elihu Root, Secretary of War. Washington, D.C.: United States War Department. p. 341
513:
Yet John Pershing did not say that he had ordered the practice, but that "the army had already adopted" the practice, and that "it was not pleasant", as he states quite clearly in his
1328:
2239:
502:
of captured enemies using bullets laced with pig blood, and whose bodies were placed in a mass grave filled with pig entrails. Dr. Frank E. Vandiver, professor of history at
415:
With the possible exception of Japan's kamikaze pilots in the closing days of World War II, warfare has rarely known a more frightening phenomenon than the juramentados.
625:
on the war by Aceh against the Dutch include references to hikayat prang sabi. Mualimbunsu Syam Muhammad wrote the work called "Motives for Perang Sabil in Nusantara",
316:
from losing too much blood from injury before reaching their target. Clad in white robe and turban, the chosen youth would polish and sharpen his weapons before action.
1188:
595:
591:
provided the background and reasoning for prang sabi. The Indonesian translations of the Dutch terms are Aceh bodoh (Aceh pungo) or Aceh gila (Aceh mord).
211:
172:
incorporated the idiom into their own vocabulary, but often simply equated it with the Moro people as a whole. In his memoirs, Army Air Service advocate
165:
while others draw distinctions of religious preparation and state of mind. A Moro might be said to have "gone juramentado" or be "running juramentado."
214:, in command during the Spanish occupation of Jolo Island in 1876, but Moros had been making such personal attacks for many years. By the time of the
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It was Colonel Alexander Rodgers of the 6th Cavalry who accomplished by taking advantage of religious prejudice what the bayonets and
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and then rush into the group swinging his sword, killing and maiming as many victims as possible in the time he had left. The
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juramentados were being discussed in the American media, some official sources finding few documented cases. By 1903, local
698:
2051:
1992:
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In Dutch-occupied Aceh, hikayat prang sabi was confiscated from Sabi's house during a police raid on September 27, 1917.
1965:
1857:
1310:
868:
378:
447:
released an edited version of the autobiography of his father, Rear Admiral Daniel P Mannix the 3rd. The book, called
1533:
1435:
264:" were due to Moro juramentados. Regardless, it is known from contemporary accounts that the .45 and the 00 buckshot
789:
2274:
37:
371:
197:
162:
215:
2284:
791:
A Woman's Journey Through the Philippines: On a Cable Ship That Linked Together the Strange Lands Seen En Route
1370:
1940:
Motivasi Perang Sabil di Nusantara: Kajian Kitab Ramalan Joyoboyo, Dalailul-Khairat, dan Hikayat Perang Sabil
627:
Motivasi perang sabil di Nusantara: kajian kitab Ramalan Joyoboyo, Dalailul-Khairat, dan Hikayat Perang Sabil
2264:
2259:
2018:
1938:
1911:
503:
458:
1765:
Atjeh Post, Minggu Ke III September 1990. halaman I & Atjeh Post, Minggu Ke IV September 1990 halaman I
449:
The Old Navy: The Glorious Heritage of the U.S. Navy, Recounted through the Journals of an American Patriot
2289:
2279:
1409:
1072:
1516:
1452:
657:
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by you in maintaining this custom. It is the only possible thing we can do to discourage crazy fanatics.
126:
1612:
774:
978:. Vol. IV, no. 39. Johnson, Mary I. Lansing, MI: Henry Romaine Pattingill. pp. 617–620
487:
466:
422:
739:
McKenna, Thomas M. (1994). "The Defiant Periphery: Routes of Iranun Resistance in the Philippines".
233:
indicating juramentados were "an oft repeated offense." Almost forty years later, on the eve of the
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1701:
1685:
1662:
1347:
230:
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130:
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survived his attack, it was believed his body would ascend to Paradise after 40 years had passed.
2023:(in Malay). Jawatankuasa Penerbitan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. 1972. pp. 98, 100, 102.
1886:
The Turkic-Turkish Theme in Traditional Malay Literature: Imagining the Other to Empower the Self
1025:
748:
219:
180:, "He had become fanatic much in the way that the Moros were in the Philippines. He had become a
134:
1997:. Translated by Quest Services. Kuala Lumpur: Institut Terjemahan Negara Malaysia. p. 366.
1626:
614:
2138:
2110:
2089:
1998:
1971:
1944:
1917:
1890:
1863:
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1809:
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444:
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150:
96:
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47:(from the Tausug tribe of Sulu) who attacked and killed targeted occupying and invading
2254:
1859:
The Blood of the People: Revolution and the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra
717:
672:
553:
336:
261:
201:
177:
158:
133:
to raid strongly defended targets and quickly defeat more vulnerable ones. One extreme
113:, and ferocious warriors who frequently demonstrated extraordinary personal bravery in
64:
1778:
The Collapse of a Colonial Society: The Dutch in Indonesia During the Second World War
343:
body would be washed and again wrapped in white for burial. In the unlikely event the
2233:
1454:
Atjèh: Algemeen Samenvattend Overzicht van Land en Volk van Atjèh en Onderhoorigheden
1077:
697:(Master's thesis). United States Army Command and General Staff College. p. 10.
667:
607:
265:
253:
242:
110:
714:"Bearers of the Sword Radical Islam, Philippines Insurgency, and Regional Stability"
491:
223:
68:
2165:. Vol. 7 of Filipino Heritage: The Making of a Nation. Lahing Pilipino Pub.;
2197:
2178:
2160:
2132:
2104:
2083:
1803:
1284:
1257:
692:
360:
41:
34:
815:
The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia: The Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
206:
Philippine resistance against Japan § Moro resistance on Mindanao and Sulu
2214:
2062:
1471:
Braithwaite, John; Braithwaite, Valerie; Cookson, Michael; Dunn, Leah (2010).
957:
From the Wright Brothers to the Astronauts: The Memoirs of Benjamin D. Foulois
662:
454:
169:
100:
1474:
Anomie and Violence: Non-truth and Reconciliation in Indonesian Peacebuilding
877:. Vol. 5. Chicago, Illinois: American Medical Association. p. 405.
642:
534:, a footnote cites a letter from Maj. Gen. J. Franklin Bell to J. Pershing:
245:
was reporting juramentado attacks in Jolo occurring "once every other day".
118:
84:
56:
44:
17:
309:
795:
741:
Social Analysis: The International Journal of Social and Cultural Practice
652:
594:
Prang sabi was also used against the Japanese by the Acehnese during the
564:
305:
257:
146:
92:
72:
1832:
Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor
970:
Carpenter, Frank G. (October 6, 1899). Pattengill, Henry Romaine (ed.).
752:
1414:. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. pp. 284–285.
385: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
52:
1317:. December 21, 2001. Archived from the original on December 21, 2001.
1170:"Juramentados and the Development of the Colt .45 Caliber Model 1911"
647:
328:
297:
289:
285:
122:
76:
48:
1191:[The "Calibre 45" and the Battles of the Filipino Warriors]
296:. Parents were consulted before the young men were permitted by the
2202:
Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië
1286:
Jungle Patrol, the Story of the Philippine Constabulary (1901–1936)
157:, meaning one who takes an oath. Some sources link amoks (from the
2162:
Filipino Heritage: The Spanish colonial period (late 19th century)
599:
568:
114:
88:
60:
2106:
Sultans, Shamans, and Saints: Islam and Muslims in Southeast Asia
1189:"Ang "Kalibre 45" at ang Pakikibaka ng mga Mandirigmang Pilipino"
473:) had implemented the strategy of mass graves and pig entrails:
332:
293:
107:
1967:
Jalan ke Taman: Esei-esei Penghargaan untuk Professor Ali Ahmad
1805:
Sastra Perang: Sebuah Pembicaraan Mengenai Hikayat Perang Sabil
354:
2040:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan. p. 130.
1466:
1464:
571:
in the Islamic religion of the Acehnese. The Dutch called it
1970:(in Malay). Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia. p. 68.
1943:(in Indonesian). Ciputat, Tangerang Selatan: Media Madania.
260:
as well as the very invention of the words for the concept "
1735:
Sedjarah TNI-Angkatan Darat, 1945-1965. [Tjet. 1.]
1565:. Milsons Point, NSW: Random House Australia. p. 47.
2198:"Parrang Sabbil: Ritual Suicide among the Tausug of Jolo"
1645:"Waspada, Sabtu 17 Maret 2012 by Harian Waspada - Issuu"
1627:"Waspada, Sabtu 17 Maret 2012 by Harian Waspada - Issuu"
587:) or (Aceh Pungo). Acehnese works of literature called
465:
in 1938, arguing that Colonel Alexander Rodgers of the
161:
term for "out of control") and juramentados as similar
1051:"Report of General Wood as to Abrogation Bates Treaty"
284:, "who endure the pangs of death," were selected from
1501:
Ketika Pala Mulai Berbunga: Seraut Wajah Aceh Selatan
2109:(illustrated ed.). University of Hawaii Press.
1835:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 123.
1408:
Pershing, John J. (2013). Greenwood, John T. (ed.).
1371:"General Pershing on How to Stop Islamic Terrorists"
2085:
Midnight on Mindanao: Wartime Remembances 1945–1946
1521:(in Dutch). 's Gravenhage: W. van Hoeve. p. 3.
1235:. Boulder, Colorado: Paladin Press. pp. 132–.
327:would approach a large group of enemies, shout the
99:, developing a well-earned reputation as notorious
2134:Understanding Islam and Muslims in the Philippines
1667:Berita Kadjian Sumatera: Sumatra Research Bulletin
1081:. Vol. XXXVIII, no. 22. December 1, 1941
1053:. Annual Report (Report). Vol. 4. p. 489
794:. Boston: L. C. Page & Company. Archived from
508:Black Jack: The Life and Times of John J. Pershing
1504:(in Indonesian). Pemda Aceh Selatan. p. 131.
1477:. Canberra, Australia: ANU E Press. p. 347.
1411:My Life Before the World War, 1860–1917: A Memoir
955:Foulois, Benjamin D.; Glines, Carroll V. (1968).
117:. While Moro forces could never match opponents'
1611:(in Indonesian). August 10, 2011. Archived from
1593:. Vol. 3, no. 43–52. 2003. p. 27.
1327:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1120:. New York: DK Publishing. 2006. pp. 290–.
176:said of volatile rival Army Air Service officer
536:
519:
475:
413:
2037:Perang di Jalan Allah: Perang Aceh, 1873–1912
934:. Amityville, New York: Baywood. p. 32.
457:, an American author who was a member of the
8:
2137:(illustrated ed.). New Day Publishers.
1703:Sedjarah lahirnja Tentara Nasional Indonesia
1457:(in Dutch). Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 613.
807:
805:
1535:A History of Modern Indonesia Since C. 1200
1394:. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. p. 93.
1344:"Black Jack Pershing vs. Muslim Terrorists"
818:. Cambridge University Press. p. 231.
490:on the United States, a number of American
2052:"Aceh books project – Digital Collections"
1538:. Stanford University Press. p. 252.
1403:
1401:
1141:The Green Muse Writers Collective (2008).
1117:Weapon: A Visual History of Arms and Armor
1099:
890:
888:
886:
884:
694:Muslim Insurgency in Mindanao, Philippines
556:performed suicide attacks known as in the
526:sometimes deterred the would-be assassins.
429:. Vol. 16, no. 4. pp. 1–11.
2213:
1808:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
1749:Departemen Penerangan, Indonesia (1965).
1587:"Tempo: Indonesia's Weekly News Magazine"
902:Swish of the Kris: The Story of the Moros
401:Learn how and when to remove this message
1232:More of the Deadliest Men Who Ever Lived
1005:. Vol. LVI, no. 5. p. 699
905:. New York: E. P. Dutton. Archived from
567:. It was considered as part of personal
300:to undergo training and preparation for
237:of the Philippine Islands beginning the
91:from fully controlling the areas around
1591:Tempo: Indonesia's Weekly News Magazine
1311:"Jungle Patrol - 17. Death on the Kris"
1168:Mallari, Perry Gil S. (June 29, 2014).
683:
2240:History of the Philippines (1898–1946)
1320:
1147:. New York: iUniverse. pp. 138–.
999:"The Malay Pirates of the Philippines"
55:, expecting to be killed himself, the
1440:. Brill Archive. 1878. pp. 613–.
1369:Mikkelson, David (October 31, 2001).
997:Worcester, Dean C. (September 1898).
928:Lindsay, Mark; Lester, David (2004).
421:Gowing, Peter G. (July–August 1965).
256:being phased out and replaced by the
168:U.S. Army officers who had served in
7:
2180:Filipinas, Volume 11, Issues 117–128
1994:Malay Literature of the 19th Century
1862:. Singapore: NUS Press. p. 10.
1752:20 Tahun Indonesia Merdeka, Volume 7
1719:20 Tahun Indonesia Merdeka, Volume 7
1690:(in Indonesian). Ganaco. p. 89.
1262:. New York: Macmillan. p. 164.
1144:Keep Calm Carry on: A Survival Guide
1024:Division of Insular Affairs (1901).
897:"Chapter 14: Juramentados and Amuks"
874:Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry
701:from the original on April 16, 2021.
383:adding citations to reliable sources
308:). After an oath taken, hand on the
1722:(in Indonesian). 1966. p. 547.
1049:Wood, Leonard (December 16, 1903).
210:The term juramentado was coined by
1937:Mualimbunsu Syam Muhammad (2013).
1706:(in Indonesian). 1970. p. 12.
563:against Dutch invaders during the
269:numbers into the First World War.
25:
1738:(in Indonesian). 1965. p. 8.
1289:. Salem, Oregon: Cerberus Books.
847:. Psychology Press. p. 518.
788:Russel, Florence Kimball (1907).
443:In 1983, the American journalist
137:tactic was the Moro juramentado.
1651:(in Indonesian). March 17, 2012.
1633:(in Indonesian). March 17, 2012.
359:
1605:"Sejarah Jejak Perlawanan Aceh"
812:Tarling, Nicholas, ed. (1992).
370:needs additional citations for
252:The reason for the less usable
2131:Gowing, Peter G., ed. (1988).
2103:Federspiel, Howard M. (2007).
2088:. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse.
1991:Siti Hawa Haji Salleh (2010).
1913:Sabil: Prahara di Bumi Rencong
1889:. Leiden: Brill. p. 291.
1684:Nasution, Abdul Haris (1963).
1562:Indonesia's Secret War in Aceh
623:Sabil: Prahara di Bumi Rencong
530:In the 2013 publishing of his
1:
1755:(in Indonesian). p. 545.
1498:Sayed Mudhahar Ahmad (1992).
1256:Mannix, Daniel Pratt (1983).
1027:The People of the Philippines
319:At the moment of attack, the
83:For generations warlike Moro
71:, who commits acts of random
1883:Braginsky, Vladimir (2015).
1781:. KITLV Press. p. 189.
1518:Atjèh en de Oorlog met Japan
1203:(2): 275–306. Archived from
869:American Medical Association
845:The Dictionary of Psychology
839:Corsini, Raymond J. (1999).
184:and was ready to run amok."
1829:Ooi, Keat Gin, ed. (2004).
1663:"Sumatra Research Bulletin"
596:Japanese occupation of Aceh
228:Governor of the Philippines
87:had successfully prevented
2306:
2196:Kiefer, Thomas M. (1973).
2159:Roces, Alfredo R. (1978).
1964:Jelani Harun, ed. (2013).
1910:Sayf Muhammad Isa (2014).
1687:Tentara Nasional Indonesia
1388:O'Connor, Richard (1961).
712:Turbiville, Graham H. Jr.
191:
163:culture-specific syndromes
27:Philippine Martyr Warriors
2250:Guerrilla warfare tactics
2215:10.1163/22134379-90002734
1916:(in Indonesian). Qanita.
1559:Martinkus, John (2004).
1532:Ricklefs, M. C. (2001).
959:. New York: McGraw-Hill.
615:w:ace:Hikayat Prang Sabi
504:Texas A&M University
59:undertaken as a form of
2270:Philippine–American War
2245:Culture-bound syndromes
2034:Ibrahim Alfian (1987).
1802:Ibrahim Alfian (1992).
1775:Jong, Louis de (2002).
1515:Piekaar, A. J. (1949).
1229:Kirchner, Paul (2009).
619:w:id:Hikayat Prang Sabi
494:began circulating that
459:Philippine Constabulary
63:, considered a form of
1856:Reid, Anthony (2014).
1187:Lasco, Lorenz (2014).
691:Luga, Alan R. (2002).
541:
528:
484:
417:
351:Response to the threat
149:term derived from the
2183:. Filipinas Pub. 2002
1283:Hurley, Vic (2011) .
658:Filipino martial arts
280:Candidates, known as
198:Spanish–Moro conflict
192:Further information:
2068:on February 3, 2016.
1451:Kreemer, J. (1923).
1350:on February 19, 2015
1003:The Century Magazine
972:"In the Philippines"
909:on February 15, 2005
895:Hurley, Vic (1936).
488:September 11 attacks
467:6th Cavalry Regiment
379:improve this article
216:Spanish–American War
2082:Amler, Mel (2009).
1609:Atjeh Cyber Warrior
1391:Black Jack Pershing
1174:www.manilatimes.net
423:"Kris and Crescent"
292:by the teaching of
231:William Howard Taft
174:Benjamin D. Foulois
141:Etymology and usage
40:, refers to a male
1615:on April 27, 2016.
1210:on October 9, 2016
798:on April 13, 2016.
611:hikayat prang sabi
589:hikayat prang sabi
427:Saudi Aramco World
288:youth inspired to
220:United States Army
145:Juramentado is an
135:asymmetric warfare
125:, such bands used
2275:Terrorism tactics
2144:978-971-10-0386-9
2116:978-0-8248-3052-6
2095:978-0-595-63260-2
2059:www.acehbooks.org
2004:978-983-068-517-5
1977:978-983-861-671-3
1950:978-602-19227-2-9
1923:978-602-9225-08-2
1896:978-90-04-30594-6
1869:978-9971-69-637-5
1842:978-1-57607-770-2
1815:978-979-407-422-0
1788:978-90-6718-203-4
1572:978-1-74051-209-1
1545:978-0-8047-4480-5
1484:978-1-921666-23-0
1421:978-0-8131-4197-8
1296:978-0-9834756-2-0
1269:978-0-02-579470-2
1242:978-1-61004-694-7
1154:978-1-4401-0249-3
1127:978-0-7566-4219-8
1100:Federspiel (2007)
941:978-0-89503-290-4
854:978-1-58391-028-3
825:978-0-521-35506-3
777:on April 8, 2016.
558:Acehnese language
544:Similar practices
500:summary execution
471:Thomas S. Rodgers
461:, wrote the book
411:
410:
403:
235:Japanese invasion
226:sent a report to
194:Sultanate of Sulu
16:(Redirected from
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2226:
2224:
2222:
2217:
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2188:
2174:
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2151:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2099:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2061:. Archived from
2056:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2015:
2009:
2008:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1468:
1459:
1458:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1346:. Archived from
1339:
1333:
1332:
1326:
1318:
1315:www.bakbakan.com
1307:
1301:
1300:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1209:
1194:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1112:
1106:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1073:"Terror in Jolo"
1069:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1010:
994:
988:
987:
985:
983:
967:
961:
960:
952:
946:
945:
925:
919:
918:
916:
914:
892:
879:
878:
865:
859:
858:
836:
830:
829:
809:
800:
799:
785:
779:
778:
773:. Archived from
763:
757:
756:
736:
730:
729:
727:
725:
720:on June 21, 2012
716:. Archived from
709:
703:
702:
688:
498:had ordered the
496:John J. Pershing
445:Daniel P. Mannix
438:Sulu Archipelago
431:
430:
406:
399:
395:
392:
386:
363:
355:
276:Path to paradise
239:Second World War
97:Sulu Archipelago
21:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2285:Suicide attacks
2230:
2229:
2220:
2218:
2195:
2186:
2184:
2177:
2168:
2166:
2158:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2130:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2102:
2096:
2081:
2078:
2076:Further reading
2073:
2065:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2005:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1897:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1843:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1816:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1407:
1406:
1399:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1353:
1351:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1319:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1243:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1199:(in Filipino).
1192:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1128:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1056:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1008:
1006:
996:
995:
991:
981:
979:
969:
968:
964:
954:
953:
949:
942:
927:
926:
922:
912:
910:
894:
893:
882:
867:
866:
862:
855:
838:
837:
833:
826:
811:
810:
803:
787:
786:
782:
771:dogbrothers.com
765:
764:
760:
738:
737:
733:
723:
721:
711:
710:
706:
690:
689:
685:
681:
639:
598:. The Acehnese
546:
433:
420:
419:
407:
396:
390:
387:
376:
364:
353:
278:
208:
190:
143:
129:, audacity and
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2303:
2301:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2265:Muslim martyrs
2262:
2260:Moro Rebellion
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2193:
2175:
2156:
2143:
2128:
2115:
2100:
2094:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2043:
2026:
2010:
2003:
1983:
1976:
1956:
1949:
1929:
1922:
1902:
1895:
1875:
1868:
1848:
1841:
1821:
1814:
1794:
1787:
1767:
1758:
1741:
1725:
1709:
1693:
1676:
1654:
1636:
1618:
1596:
1578:
1571:
1551:
1544:
1524:
1507:
1490:
1483:
1460:
1443:
1427:
1420:
1397:
1380:
1361:
1342:Emery, David.
1334:
1302:
1295:
1275:
1268:
1248:
1241:
1221:
1179:
1160:
1153:
1133:
1126:
1107:
1092:
1064:
1041:
1016:
989:
962:
947:
940:
931:Suicide by Cop
920:
880:
860:
853:
831:
824:
801:
780:
758:
731:
704:
682:
680:
677:
676:
675:
673:Suicide by cop
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
638:
635:
554:Aceh Sultanate
545:
542:
506:and author of
412:
409:
408:
367:
365:
358:
352:
349:
277:
274:
262:stopping power
202:Moro Rebellion
189:
186:
178:Billy Mitchell
142:
139:
65:suicide attack
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2302:
2291:
2290:Swordsmanship
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2280:Moro conflict
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2164:
2163:
2157:
2146:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2129:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2064:
2060:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2030:
2027:
2022:
2021:
2014:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1987:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1960:
1957:
1952:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1933:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1906:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1879:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1825:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1798:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1745:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1729:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1688:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1555:
1552:
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1537:
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1528:
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1475:
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1438:
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1428:
1423:
1417:
1413:
1412:
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1381:
1376:
1372:
1365:
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1349:
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1338:
1335:
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1316:
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1292:
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1249:
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1233:
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1198:
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1129:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1093:
1080:
1079:
1078:Time Magazine
1074:
1068:
1065:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1029:
1028:
1020:
1017:
1004:
1000:
993:
990:
977:
976:Timely Topics
973:
966:
963:
958:
951:
948:
943:
937:
933:
932:
924:
921:
908:
904:
903:
898:
891:
889:
887:
885:
881:
876:
875:
870:
864:
861:
856:
850:
846:
842:
841:"Juramentado"
835:
832:
827:
821:
817:
816:
808:
806:
802:
797:
793:
792:
784:
781:
776:
772:
768:
767:"Philippines"
762:
759:
754:
750:
747:(35): 11–27.
746:
742:
735:
732:
719:
715:
708:
705:
700:
696:
695:
687:
684:
678:
674:
671:
669:
668:Banzai charge
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
640:
636:
634:
631:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
609:
608:jawi alphabet
606:The original
604:
601:
597:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
559:
555:
551:
543:
540:
535:
533:
527:
524:
518:
516:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
492:urban legends
489:
483:
480:
474:
472:
468:
464:
463:Jungle Patrol
460:
456:
452:
450:
446:
441:
439:
432:
428:
424:
416:
405:
402:
394:
391:February 2015
384:
380:
374:
373:
368:This section
366:
362:
357:
356:
350:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
304:(the path to
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
275:
273:
270:
267:
266:shotgun shell
263:
259:
255:
254:.38 Long Colt
250:
246:
244:
243:Time Magazine
240:
236:
232:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
212:José Malcampo
207:
203:
199:
195:
187:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
140:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:
105:
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78:
74:
70:
66:
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50:
46:
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39:
36:
32:
19:
2219:. Retrieved
2205:
2201:
2185:. Retrieved
2179:
2167:. Retrieved
2161:
2148:. Retrieved
2133:
2120:. Retrieved
2105:
2084:
2063:the original
2058:
2046:
2036:
2029:
2019:
2013:
1993:
1986:
1966:
1959:
1939:
1932:
1912:
1905:
1885:
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1858:
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1702:
1696:
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1613:the original
1608:
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1354:February 20,
1352:. Retrieved
1348:the original
1337:
1314:
1305:
1285:
1278:
1259:The Old Navy
1258:
1251:
1231:
1224:
1212:. Retrieved
1205:the original
1200:
1196:
1182:
1173:
1163:
1143:
1136:
1116:
1110:
1095:
1083:. Retrieved
1076:
1067:
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1044:
1032:. Retrieved
1026:
1019:
1007:. Retrieved
1002:
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980:. Retrieved
975:
965:
956:
950:
930:
923:
911:. Retrieved
907:the original
901:
873:
863:
844:
834:
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796:the original
790:
783:
775:the original
770:
761:
744:
740:
734:
722:. Retrieved
718:the original
707:
693:
686:
632:
626:
622:
610:
605:
593:
588:
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580:
576:
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560:
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512:
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485:
476:
469:(brother of
462:
453:
448:
442:
434:
426:
418:
414:
397:
388:
377:Please help
372:verification
369:
344:
340:
320:
318:
313:
302:Parang-sabil
301:
281:
279:
271:
251:
247:
224:Leonard Wood
209:
181:
167:
154:
144:
127:intelligence
82:
67:. Unlike an
30:
29:
18:Juramentados
2208:: 108–123.
1673:: 35. 1971.
573:Atjèh-moord
523:juramentado
341:mag-sabil's
182:juramentado
31:Juramentado
2234:Categories
1375:Snopes.com
1214:August 26,
1102:, p.
679:References
663:Bolo knife
561:Prang sabi
486:After the
455:Vic Hurley
222:commander
155:juramentar
111:tacticians
35:Philippine
2221:March 10,
2187:March 10,
2169:March 10,
2150:March 10,
2122:March 10,
2020:Akademika
1085:April 16,
1057:April 30,
1034:April 30,
1009:April 30,
982:April 30,
913:April 17,
643:Maharlika
585:Aceh-mord
581:Aceh mord
552:from the
345:mag-sabil
321:mag-sabil
314:mag-sabil
290:martyrdom
282:mag-sabil
119:firepower
101:seafaring
57:martyrdom
45:swordsman
1323:cite web
1197:Saliksik
871:(1921).
753:23171780
724:June 21,
699:Archived
653:Pintados
637:See also
577:Acehmord
565:Aceh War
550:Acehnese
306:Paradise
258:.45 Colt
170:Moroland
131:mobility
106:, adept
95:and the
93:Mindanao
75:against
73:violence
53:soldiers
1649:Waspada
1631:Waspada
548:Muslim
331:, draw
188:History
159:Malayan
151:Spanish
147:archaic
104:raiders
77:Muslims
38:history
2141:
2113:
2092:
2001:
1974:
1947:
1920:
1893:
1866:
1839:
1812:
1785:
1569:
1542:
1481:
1418:
1293:
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1124:
938:
851:
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648:Timawa
532:Memoir
521:These
515:Memoir
337:barong
329:tahlil
325:Tausug
310:Qur'an
298:sultan
286:Muslim
204:, and
115:combat
85:tribes
49:police
2255:Jihad
2066:(PDF)
2055:(PDF)
1437:Atjeh
1208:(PDF)
1193:(PDF)
749:JSTOR
600:ulama
569:jihad
479:Krags
294:imams
153:word
123:armor
108:naval
89:Spain
61:jihad
33:, in
2223:2014
2189:2014
2171:2014
2152:2014
2139:ISBN
2124:2014
2111:ISBN
2090:ISBN
1999:ISBN
1972:ISBN
1945:ISBN
1918:ISBN
1891:ISBN
1864:ISBN
1837:ISBN
1810:ISBN
1783:ISBN
1567:ISBN
1540:ISBN
1479:ISBN
1416:ISBN
1356:2015
1329:link
1291:ISBN
1264:ISBN
1237:ISBN
1216:2016
1149:ISBN
1122:ISBN
1087:2021
1059:2011
1036:2011
1011:2011
984:2011
936:ISBN
915:2011
849:ISBN
820:ISBN
726:2012
333:kris
69:amok
51:and
42:Moro
2210:doi
2206:129
1671:1–4
1104:125
575:, (
381:by
335:or
323:in
121:or
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1872:.
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1818:.
1791:.
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