Jewish Defense League - Knowledge (XXG)

1128:, Rubin slit his throat with a safety razor and jumped out of a third story window. Rubin's suicide would be contested by his widow and the JDL, particularly after his co-defendant pleaded guilty to the charges and implicated Rubin in the plot. On February 4, 2003, Krugel pleaded guilty to conspiracy and weapons charges stemming from the plot, and was expected to serve up to 20 years in prison. The core of the evidence against Krugel and Rubin was in a number of conversations taped by an informant, Danny Gillis, who was hired by the men to plant the bombs but who turned to the FBI instead. According to one tape, Krugel thought the attacks would serve as "a wakeup call" to Arabs. Krugel was subsequently murdered in prison by a fellow inmate in 2005. 5582: 415:

now finds itself threatened by "political extremism" and "racist militancy." Furthermore, the manifesto stated that the organization rejects all hate and illegality, believes firmly in law and order, backs police forces and will work actively in the courts to strike down all discrimination. When asked about Jewish Defense League members breaking the law, Kahane responded: "We respect the right and the obligation of the American government to prosecute us and send us to jail. No one gripes about that."

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a good solution but is unfortunately sometimes necessary as a last resort when innocent lives are threatened; we therefore view Dr. Goldstein as a martyr in Judaism's protracted struggle against Arab terrorism. And we are not ashamed to say that Goldstein was a charter member of the Jewish Defense League." In a similar attack nearly twelve years earlier, on April 11, 1982, an American-born JDL member and immigrant to Israel, Alan Harry Goodman, opened fire with his military-issue rifle at the

100: 1212: 1132: 909:, JDL Chairman Meir Kahane said at a press conference: "I'm not going to say that the JDL bombed that office. There are laws against that in this country. But I'm not going to say I mourn for it either." The next day, after an anonymous caller claimed responsibility on behalf of the JDL, the group's spokesman later denied his group's involvement, but said, "we support the act." JDL members had often been suspected of involvement in attacks against neo-Nazis, 217: 1173:; as of 2013, there have been least 115 violent incidents were attributed to LDJ "soldiers" since the group's registration in France in 2001, including many vigilante reprisals to antisemitic attacks. Earlier that year, two LDJ members were sentenced for an attack at a pro-Palestinian bookstore that injured two people and a LDJ propaganda video called for "five cops for every Jew, 10 Arabs for each rabbi." 976:, she left for Israel to join her husband. Robert Manning was extradited from Israel to the U.S. in 1993. He was subsequently found guilty of involvement in the killing of the secretary of computer firm ProWest, Patricia Wilkerson, in another, unrelated mail bomb blast. In addition, he and other JDL members were also suspected in a string of other violent attacks through 1985, including the bombing of 5559: 1507:. In April 2006, news of a settlement was announced in which signatories agreed to not object to "Shelley Rubin's titles of permanent chairman and CEO of JDL." The agreement also confirmed that "the name 'Jewish Defense League,' the acronym 'JDL,' and the 'Fist and Star' logo are the exclusive intellectual property of JDL." (Opponents of both groups claim that these are 1495:

resign; as a result, Maniaci was stripped of his title and membership. At that point, the JDL split into two separate factions, each vying for legal control of the associated "intellectual property." The two operated as separate organizations with the same name while a lengthy legal battle ensued. In April 2005, the original domain name of the organization,

1314:, killing one Palestinian Arab and injuring four others. The 1982 shooting sparked an Arab riot in which another Palestinian was shot dead by the police. In 1983, Goodman was sentenced by an Israeli court to life in prison (which usually means 25 years in Israel); he was released after serving 15 1/2 years on the condition of returning to the United States. 992:, which was targeted at suspected Nazi war criminal Elmars Sprogis and maimed a bystander. William Ross, another JDL member, was also found guilty for his participation in the bombing that killed Wilkerson. Rochelle Manning was re-indicted for her alleged involvement, and was detained in Israel, pending extradition, when she died of a heart attack in 1994. 3170: 49: 779:, who organized Soviet performers' U.S. tours. Iris Kones, a Jewish secretary from Long Island, died of smoke inhalation, and Hurok and 12 others were injured and hospitalized. Jerome Zeller of the JDL was indicted for the bombing and Kahane later admitted his part in the attack. JDL activities were condemned by Moscow 3178: 4919: 1246:

Kahane's popularity grew, with polls showing that Kach would have likely received three to four seats in the coming November 1988 elections, and some forecasting as many as twelve seats, possibly making Kach the third largest party. However, after the Knesset passed an amendment to the Elections Law,

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on May 24, 1968, which read: "We are talking of JEWISH SURVIVAL! Are you willing to stand up for democracy and Jewish survival? Join and support the Jewish Defense Corps." Shortly after, Kahane renamed the group the "Jewish Defense League," fearing that "Corps" would be construed as too militant. The

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within 48 hours of the massacre. On its website, the JDL described the massacre as a "preventative measure against yet another Arab attack on Jews" and noted that they "do not consider his assault to qualify under the label of terrorism". Furthermore, they noted that "we teach that violence is never

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symbols and not the exclusive property of JDL. At this time, however, the logo is no longer in general use by the Kahanist groups.) The agreement also states: "Domain names registered on behalf of JDL, including but not limited to jdl.org and jewishdefenseleague.org, are owned and operated by JDL."

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On January 17, in response to JDL tactics against Soviet personnel being condemned by the Israeli Cabinet and American Jewish leaders, eight former Soviet Jews living in Israel sent cables to American Jewish leaders denouncing their condemnation of the JDL and denying that the JDL's acts endangered

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both condemned the murder. Four weeks after Odeh's death, FBI spokesperson Lane Bonner stated the FBI attributed the bombing and two others to the JDL. In February 1986, the FBI classified the bombing that killed Alex Odeh as a terrorist act. Rubin denied JDL involvement: "What the FBI is doing is

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Shortly afterwards, the Jewish Defense League put out a four-page manifesto which stated: "America has been good to the Jew and the Jew has been good to America. A land founded on the principles of democracy and freedom has given unprecedented opportunities to a people devoted to those ideals" yet

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after school authorities had allegedly failed to crack down on school violence. The JDL hoped to present six "suggestions" for protecting students from assault and theft by "troublemakers," including committing them to disciplinary schools, stationing policemen in the public schools and replacing

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to demand that the Federation allocate more funds for Jewish education and Jewish defense, assist institutions threatened by violence, and arrange for "popular" election of Federation officials. As a result, the Federation agreed to form a special committee to consider the request for additional

487:. Several youths painted slogans on a Soviet airliner, two of them handcuffed themselves to the airliner, while others daubed the words "Am Yisroel Chai" (the Nation of Israel Lives) on the plane's doors. A similar slogan was painted on the walls of the office of Tass, the Soviet news agency, in 1564:

ethnicity. Writing on its official website, the JDL claims: "he first mention of a 'Palestinian people' dates from the aftermath of the 1967 war, when the local Arabic-speaking communities ... were retrospectively endowed with a contrived 'nationhood' ... taken from Jewish history ..." and that

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After Rubin's death in prison in November 2002, Bill Maniaci was appointed interim chairman by Shelley Rubin. Two years later, the Jewish Defense League became mired in a state of upheaval over legal control of the organization. In October 2004, Maniaci rejected Shelley Rubin's call for him to

1080:, denied involvement in the attack, although, just five days later, Halevi was caught trying to break into Zündel's property, where he was apprehended by police. Later the same month Zündel was the recipient of a parcel bomb that was detonated by the Toronto police bomb squad. In 2011, the 938:, where he engaged in a tense dialogue with a representative from the JDL. Irv Rubin immediately made several controversial public statements in reaction to the incident: "I have no tears for Mr. Odeh. He got exactly what he deserved. ... My tears were used up crying for 398:

area was on the rise, with Jews making up a disproportionately large percentage of the victims. Elderly Jews were being harassed and mugged, storeowners were held up and Jewish teachers were assaulted while Jewish synagogues were defaced and Jewish cemeteries desecrated.

4916: 1243:" ("Only thus"). Kach failed to gain any Knesset seats in the 1977 and 1980 elections as well. In the 1984 elections, the party won 25,907 votes (1.2%), passing the electoral threshold for the first time, and winning one seat, which was duly taken by Kahane. 725:

Soviet Jews. The cables said they were convinced that the JDL's "policy and activities are most effective." The group also attacked Israeli authorities for alleged softness in fighting the Soviet Union on the issue of Jewish rights. One of the signatories,

1330:(FBI) described the JDL as "a known violent extremist Jewish organization." FBI statistics show that, from 1980 through 1985, there were 18 officially classified terrorist attacks in the U.S. committed by Jews; 15 of those by members of the JDL. 893:

admitted that the JDL "bombed the Russian mission in New York, the Russian cultural mission here in 1971, the Soviet trade offices." The attacks, which caused minor diplomatic crisis in relations between the U.S. and the USSR, prompted the

1159:, journalists, police officers (one of whom was stabbed), and Arab bystanders. At least two of the suspects in the 2010 murder of a French Muslim Saïd Bourarach appeared to have ties to the French chapter of the JDL. In 2011, Israeli daily 1728: 1176:

In June 2014, two LDJ supporters were sentenced to prison in France for targeting the car of Jonathan Moadab, the Jewish co-founder of the blog "Cercle des Volontaires (Circle of Volunteers)", with a home-made bomb in September 2012.

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On January 19, twenty JDL members had conducted a half-hour sit-in at the offices of Columbia Artists Inc. in Manhattan, leaving only after they were assured a meeting would be set up with the company's president in the near future.

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On December 20, during a march to protest the treatment of Soviet Jewry, JDL members attempted to take over the Soviet Mission headquarters. The members were arrested after inciting demonstrators to break through police lines.

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under no obligation to accommodate a separate 'Palestinian' claim, there being no historical evidence or witness for any such Arab category," and it considers Palestinian claims to be "Arab usurpation" of proper Jewish title.

5129: 697:, challenging them to get arrested "for Jews, as well as for blacks." Later that day, several JDL members scuffled with police outside the office of Aeroflot-In tourist, the official Soviet tourist agency, while JDL leader 1341:

states that, during the JDL's first two decades of activity, it was an "active terrorist organization." The JDL was specifically referenced by the FBI's Executive Assistant Director Counterterrorism/Counterintelligence,

5800: 372:, the JDL consists only of "thugs and hooligans" and Kahane "preached a radical form of Jewish nationalism which reflected racism, violence, and political extremism," attitudes that were replicated by his successor 1048:, that Ruthless was protected by Israeli trained/connected security forces." The FBI documents refer to the JDL death threats and extortion scheme but do not make a direct connection between the group and the 1996 1169:'." In 2013, a French Arab man was critically injured in a "revenge attack" by LDJ, sparking calls for further attacks against the Jews and a condemnation of the militant group by the French Jewish umbrella group 796:, resulted in the arrest of Robert S. Manning, described as a member of the JDL. Manning was later indicted on separate murder charges, and fought extradition to the United States from Israel, where he had moved. 701:

demanded the right to purchase two tickets to Israel for two Russian Jews who were sentenced to death. About 75 JDL members marched near the office, chanting slogans such as "Freedom Now" and "Let My People Go."

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as a suspect in the bombing, and also charged her husband, Robert Steven Manning, whom they considered a prime suspect in the attack; both were members of the JDL. Rochelle's jury deadlocked, and after the

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died in 2002 in a Los Angeles federal detention center "after allegedly cutting his throat with a jail-issued razor and then jumping or falling over a railing and plummeting to his death." Rubin's deputy,

3696: 3386: 2820: 2532: 1297:, killing 29 worshippers and injuring 125 before he ran out of ammunition and was himself killed. The attack set off riots and protests throughout the West Bank and 19 Palestinians were killed by the 2936: 2849: 686:

On December 27, the JDL launched a 100-hour vigil for Soviet Jewry. Demonstrators tried to break through police barricades to reach the Soviet Mission to the UN to protest the sentencing of Jews in

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forged and sent threatening letters to Arab missions claiming to be from the JDL to discredit it. They also were ordered to bomb a target in the "Negro section of New York" and blame it on the JDL.

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of six million Jews will never be permitted to recur, Kahane claimed that his intention was to declare that Jews should never again be caught by surprise or lulled into a foolish trust in others.

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group's declared purpose was: "to combat anti-Semitism in the public and private sectors of life in the United States of America." Kahane stated that the League was formed to "do the job that the

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The JDL encourages, per its principle of the "Love of Jewry," that "... in the end ... the Jew can look to no one but another Jew for help and that the true solution to the Jewish problem is the

729:, claimed that the recent cancellation of the Bolshoi Ballet's scheduled American tour was forced by the JDL and hailed it as the first public surrender by Soviet authorities to Jewish pressure. 2619: 3584: 2704: 823:'s policy of support of Palestinian rights. The incident was over after one hour, as the activists left the location after being ordered to do so by the local police, and no arrests were made. 4530: 2474: 1720: 882: 3841: 2733: 2293: 838:– condemned the JDL's anti-Soviet activities as terrorist acts, stating that their "actions constitute a danger for Soviet Jews ... as they might be used by the authorities as a pretext for 2878: 2590: 1170: 2997: 3026: 4789: 311:

increased local support for the group, transforming it from a "vigilante club" into an organization with a stated membership numbering over 15,000 at one point. The group took to bombing

2965: 2353: 5115: 3939: 816: 765: 857:: "We are offering $ 500, that I have in my hand, to any member of the community ... who kills, maims or seriously injures a member of the American Nazi Party." Rubin was charged with 4351: 2263: 491:, which was invaded by Rabbi Kahane and four other JDL members. The rest of the demonstrators were taken into custody after invading the midtown offices of the Soviet tourist bureau. 5840: 4841: 4560: 1560:

over any other 'ism' and ideology and ... use of the yardstick: 'Is it good for Jews?'" The JDL argues that, outside of Jews, there are historically no people corresponding to the

2907: 1565:"learly, since Roman times 'Palestinian' had meant Jews until the Arab's recent adoption of this identity in order to claim it as their land." On this basis, the JDL argues that " 5760: 4069: 744:

On January 20, JDL national chairman Rabbi Meir Kahane announced that JDL will conduct "non-violent actions" against organizations engaged in cultural exchange programs with the

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On April 20, fifteen JDL members were arrested after chaining themselves to the fence in front of the Soviet Mission to the UN to protest against the treatment of Jews in the

5830: 619:, the official Soviet Union trade office, and evicted the personnel in what the JDL deemed retaliation for the arrests of Jews and raids on Jewish homes in the Soviet Union. 815:-making incident. He was found guilty of violating probation and served a one-year prison sentence. On December 31, 1975, 15 members of the League seized the office of the 499:

Initially, the League was connected to a series of violent attacks against the Soviet Union's interests in the United States, protesting the former country's repression of

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on the basis that they were followers of the original Kach. Binyamin Ze'ev Kahane and his wife Talya were shot and killed by Palestinian terrorists on December 31, 2000.

1337:, the FBI referred to the JDL as a "violent extremist Jewish organization" and stated that the FBI was responsible for thwarting at least one of its terrorist acts. The 4100: 2010: 5770: 3804: 3778: 3610: 4192: 3537: 315:

and Soviet properties in the United States while assassinating a variety of alleged "enemies of the Jewish people" ranging from Arab-American political activists to

4961: 4867: 3637: 1262:, an Egyptian-born American citizen, was subsequently acquitted of murder, but convicted on gun possession charges. The Kach party subsequently split in two, with 721:

was followed by a phone call including the JDL slogan "Never again." A JDL spokesperson denied the group's involvement in the bombing, but refused to condemn it.

3692: 1828: 1545:"DISCIPLINE AND UNITY, the knowledge that he (or she) can and will do whatever must be done, and the unity and strength of willpower to bring this into reality." 1542:"IRON, the need to both move to help Jews everywhere and to change the Jewish image through sacrifice and all necessary means—even strength, force and violence." 4994: 3382: 1910: 4329: 3726: 2812: 1084:

had launched an investigation against at least nine members of the JDL in regards to an anonymous tip that the JDL was plotting to bomb the Palestine House in

1548:"FAITH IN THE INDESTRUCTIBILITY OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE, faith in the greatness and indestructibility of the Jewish people, our religion and our Land of Israel." 319:. A number of JDL members have been linked to violent, and sometimes deadly, attacks in the United States and in other countries, including the murder of the 5658: 2524: 3328: 3225: 5627: 3086: 2928: 2841: 921: 320: 4412: 2783: 2754: 2553: 5860: 5835: 5805: 5755: 5668: 3050: 2667: 2315: 4467: 2495: 1365:

A number of senior JDL personnel and associates have died violently. Meir Kahane, the JDL's founding chairman, was assassinated in 1990 as was his son,

2611: 5622: 4522: 3756: 3580: 3135: 2696: 2466: 512: 3837: 2725: 2285: 5272: 4763: 3255: 2870: 2582: 1184:. Around 12 of them, armed with batons, assaulted David Perrotin, a leading French journalist. All were linked to the Jewish Defense League (JDL). 394:, the paper's office began receiving numerous calls and letters about crimes being committed against Jews and Jewish institutions. Violence in the 5825: 2989: 1120:. Rubin, who also was charged with unlawful possession of an automatic firearm, claimed that he was innocent. On November 4, 2002, at the federal 293: 3018: 1180:

In October 2015, around 100 people brandishing JDL flags, and Israeli flags and letting off flares attacked the Agence France Presse building in

4785: 2957: 2345: 1378:, was murdered by a fellow prison inmate and white supremacist in 2005. Rubin's son and JDL vice-chairman Ari Rubin committed suicide in 2012. 626:

in reprisal for the accidental killing of a black girl by a Jewish driver. Clashes broke out with other minority groups and arrests were made.

4496: 3931: 5850: 2094: 1889: 661: 4359: 3871: 2255: 3558: 1579: 1040:". Heller said, "It was no secret that in the aftermath of the Suge Knight shake down incident where Eazy was forced to sign over Dr. Dre, 4833: 1618:(ARA) resulting in four ARA members being arrested. The JDL Canada has also organized rallies in support of right-wing Israeli politician 1066:

was the target of an arson attack, a group calling itself the "Jewish Armed Resistance Movement" claimed responsibility; according to the

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On April 7, the JDL held memorial services on behalf of civilian victims of "Arab terrorism during the past half century" in front of the

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and that there had been "unofficial contacts" between his group and "some Jewish establishment organizations" which were welcomed.

4658: 4389: 3083:"'When They Come for Us, We'll Be Gone' by Gal Beckerman Tells of Meir Kahane's Tumultuous Reign Over the Soviet Jewry Movement –" 2057: 1695: 1251:

by the Central Elections Committee, on the grounds of incitement to racism and negation of the democratic character of the State.

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who felt that the group's actions were making it less likely that the Soviet Union would relax restrictions on Jewish emigration.

5790: 5336: 5199: 5179: 4679: 3478: 873:(who later founded the Jewish Task Force), and two other former JDL members were arrested in connection with six incidents: 1984 839: 679:

reported that an anonymous caller phoned in about a half hour before the explosion and proclaimed the JDL slogan, "Never again."

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while attempting to board a London-bound plane armed with four loaded guns and a live hand grenade. The two intended to hijack a

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and general counsel Benjamin Shinewald. The rally, held at the Toronto Zionist Centre, attracted a counter-protest organized by

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List of 80 terrorist incidents between 1970 and 1986 attributed to the Jewish Defense League on the Global Terrorism Database

2002: 1539:"DIGNITY AND PRIDE, pride in and knowledge of Jewish tradition, faith, culture, land, history, strength, pain and peoplehood." 1536:"LOVE OF JEWRY, one Jewish people, indivisible and united, from which flows the love for and the feeling of pain of all Jews." 1192:

Kahane immigrated to Israel from the United States in September 1971, where he initiated protests advocating the expulsion of

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in 1968, the JDL's self-described purpose was to protect Jews from local manifestations of antisemitism. Its criticism of the

5765: 5740: 5292: 5184: 4984: 4947: 4605: 4444: 4092: 3782: 3383:"FBI files on Tupac Shakur murder show he received death threats from Jewish gang – Israel News|Haaretz Daily Newspaper" 1392: 523: 3693:"French branch of Jewish terror group coming to Israel 'to defend settlements' – Israel News | Haaretz Daily Newspaper" 3606: 2422: 1028:

investigation, on the presumption that the JDL was extorting money from Ruthless Records and several rap artists, including

959:, then assistant director of the FBI, wrote in an internal memo that key suspects had fled to Israel and were living in the 4025: 5581: 4584: 4189: 3533: 3367: 1121: 1101: 1081: 934: 538: 4954: 4165: 4140: 1020:

were fearful of possible physical intimidation from Death Row Entertainment executives including chief executive officer

5412: 4863: 3633: 3457: 1768: 358: 153: 5282: 1516:, which is the latest of many JDL splinter groups to have formed over the years (previous splinter groups included the 5820: 5775: 5086: 1823: 1818: 1680: 1651: 1556:– the land of Israel." The JDL elaborates on this fundamental principle by insisting upon an "immediate need to place 1223:

Kahane nominally lead the JDL until April 1974. In 1971, he founded a new political party in Israel, which ran in the

654: 342: 332: 285: 3718: 1918: 4321: 5467: 5209: 3171:"The Message of Meir Kahane: In Silver Spring, Boos and Applause for the Knesset Member Knesset Member Meir Kahane" 676: 616: 5563: 4786:"Jewish-British anti-Muslim event in Toronto draws protests, arrests – Israel News | Haaretz Daily Newspaper" 3892: 3324: 5277: 3217: 3115:

David Zurawik, The Jews of Prime Time, Brandeis Series in American Jewish History, Culture, and Life, 2003, p. 94

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Henry Stancu, "Police detonate bomb sent to Zündel's home 'Just another day in life of Ernst Zundel,' he says",

3425:, "U.S. Jewish militants charged in bomb plot: Los Angeles mosque, congressman's office were intended targets", 3349: 5745: 5689: 5369: 5142: 4404: 3581:"JDL man sentenced to 20 years in plot against mosque, congressman – Israel News| Haaretz Daily Newspaper" 3306: 1634: 1607: 1553: 1338: 694: 545:

auditorium. JDL members "danced, sang and yelled" while trying to prevent people from entering the auditorium.

1366: 1263: 5219: 3748: 3131: 1197: 4210:"Israel releases Baltimorean who killed at mosque Goodman received life term in attack at Jerusalem shrine" 5709: 5684: 5091: 4592: 3508: 2053: 1595: 1298: 1286: 1049: 943: 623: 408: 369: 273: 104: 4911: 3247: 5632: 5389: 4760: 4698: 4294: 929: 650: 2190:"Interview: Meir Kahane, A candid conversation with the militant leader of the Jewish Defense League". 980:

ADC office that seriously injured two police officers, the bomb killing of suspected Nazi war criminal

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under the name "The League List". The party won 12,811 votes (0.82%), just 2,857 (0.18%) short of the

454:, New Jersey, to protect Jewish merchants from anti-Jewish rioting which had swept the area for days. 5845: 5795: 5586: 1656: 1591: 1503:

due to allegations of infringement; the organization went back online soon thereafter at domain name

1232: 1216: 1205: 1117: 985: 898:(NYPD) to infiltrate the group and one undercover officer discovered a chain of weapon caches across 792: 665: 557: 4902: 4500: 1441: 1418: 850: 831: 601: 583: 434: 335: 120: 5204: 5107: 4609: 3863: 1131: 787: 461:

area by Jewish residents in response to a mounting wave of crime directed primarily against Jews.

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JDL is suspected of being behind the 1972 bombing of the Manhattan offices of theater impresario

1228: 1166: 981: 906: 800: 253: 170: 165: 3566: 3534:"Jewish militants plead innocent to Los Angeles plot – Israel News|Haaretz Daily Newspaper" 615:

On June 23, about forty JDL members seized two floors of an office building in New York housing

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On May 19, the JDL issued a statement attacking American Jewish organizations which opposed the

507:. The JDL decided that violence was necessary to draw attention to their plight, reasoning that 2209:. Columbia Studies in Terrorism and Irregular Warfare. Columbia University Press. p. 212. 1939: 1933: 1211: 5785: 5447: 5354: 5297: 4277: 3968: 3910: 3361: 3277: 3218:"JDL member gets life term in bombing | j. the Jewish news weekly of Northern California" 2647: 2450: 2430: 2415: 2387: 2235: 2210: 2115: 2090: 1943: 1885: 1879: 1858: 1646: 1630: 1500: 1231:

at the time (1%) for winning a seat. Following the elections, the party's name was changed to

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grenades to protest performances by Soviet dance troupes. In a 1984 interview, the JDL leader

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also declared support of acts of harassment against Soviet diplomatic establishments abroad.

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On April 9, nine JDL members occupied the principal's office of Leeds Junior High School in

542: 527: 390: 2813:"Five Jdl Members, Including Rabbi Kahane, Arrested After Clash with Elacks, Puerto Ricans" 955:... and on that assumption they can go and slander a whole group. That's tragic." In 1987, 604:, opposite the Soviet Mission, and barricaded the entrances in order to hold a "liberation 471:

On December 31, 13 JDL members were arrested after a series of coordinated actions against

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Religion and Violence: An Encyclopedia of Faith and Conflict from Antiquity to the Present

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reported members of the "French branch of Jewish terror group coming to Israel 'to defend

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On December 29, an estimated 100 JDL members demonstrated in front of the offices of the

597:, accusing them of doing more to destroy the State of Israel "than all the Arab armies." 2643:

Making Good Neighbors: Civil Rights, Liberalism, and Integration in Postwar Philadelphia

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According to the organization's official list of Chairmen or Highest Ranking Directors:

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On December 30, several hundred JDL members participated in a rally for Soviet Jewry in

5533: 5508: 5503: 5407: 5379: 5359: 5227: 5060: 5035: 4662: 3454:"Michael Coren's Arena: Meir Weinstein – JDL Had Nothing To Do With Alleged Bomb Plot!" 2929:"March of 10,000 to Protest Leningrad Trial, Plight of Soviet Jewry, Ends in Near Riot" 2061: 1603: 1587: 1482: 870: 769: 734: 726: 605: 561: 312: 4810:"Temple tempest: Extremist JDL resurfaces in Bathurst synagogue with Likud pol in tow" 4683: 2842:"400 Participate in Jdl Rally; Nixon Urged to Stand Firm in Mideast, Drop Rogers Plan" 2525:"Federation of Jewish Philanthropies Studying Request for More Jewish Education Funds" 5734: 5518: 5493: 5462: 5452: 5442: 5349: 5252: 5247: 5232: 5174: 5030: 3486: 3422: 3051:"Jdl: Old Goals, New Tactics; Non-violent Actions Against Cultural Exchange Programs" 2784:"Demonstrations in Philadelphia, N.Y. to Protest Arrests of Jews in the Soviet Union" 1626: 1619: 1611: 1475: 1471:, International Chairman. Arrested on terrorism charges; died in jail awaiting trial. 1451: 1433: 1255: 1109: 642: 465: 427: 423: 395: 304: 257: 222: 130: 69: 2554:"Student Activists Stage Sit-in at Federation of Jewish Philanthropies; 41 Arrested" 2316:"Iraq Seeks Maximum Security for UN Missions, Condemns Terror, Cites JDL As Culprit" 2157:

Gershen, Martin (August 6, 1968). "New Organization Protests Against NYU Official".

1721:"Tabassage, intimidations et soutien au RN, la Ligue de défense juive est de retour" 1719:

Garnier, Christophe-Cécil; Molard, Mathieu; Douley, Eva; Weisz, Johan (2023-11-13).

1432:. Formerly a U.S. Army lieutenant trained in counter-guerrilla warfare, he moved to 1326:, executive assistant director for counterterrorism and counterintelligence for the 5523: 5498: 5437: 5319: 4864:"Parsha and Weekly Update – January 9–15, 2011 « Jewish Defence League Canada" 1437: 1429: 1307: 1113: 1105: 1029: 1017: 956: 858: 820: 745: 706: 630: 609: 576: 568: 484: 338: 308: 269: 4434: 2668:"Jewish Defense League Members Arrested for Chaining Themselves to Soviet Mission" 1041: 951:

simple. ... Some character calls up a news agency or whatever and uses the phrase

437:

with some 15 members chanting: "No Nazis at NYU, Jewish rights are precious too."

48: 2641: 2612:"Nine Jdl Members Served with Criminal Warrants, Charged with Disorderly Conduct" 2496:"Jdl Stages Sit-in at Office of President of Federation of Jewish Philanthropies" 2419: 590:

due to an alleged "outrageous explosion of anti-Semitic hatred" by the Panthers.

537:

On January 25, JDL members staged anti-Soviet demonstrations at a concert of the

5472: 5417: 5194: 5015: 5010: 4035: 2990:"6000-10,000 Jews, Non-jews, Whites, Blacks, Hold Demonstration in Foley Square" 2697:"Jdl Holds Rally in Harlem to Protest Black Panther Anti-semitism; Clash Erupts" 1407: 1375: 1281:, an American-born Israeli member of Kach, who in his youth was a JDL activist, 1267: 1125: 1097: 1085: 1077: 1073: 1068: 1021: 989: 964: 905:

On October 26, 1981, after two firebombs damaged the Egyptian tourist office at

890: 874: 835: 761: 698: 646: 594: 500: 419: 385: 350: 300: 181: 134: 59: 4581: 4169: 4144: 3634:"France also has its Jewish thugs – Israel News | Haaretz Daily Newspaper" 3019:"Goldmann: Jdl Tactics a 'catastrophe'; Soviet Jews Differ on Jdl'ers Indicted" 2384:

The Achille Lauro Hijacking: Lessons in the Politics and Prejudice of Terrorism

1851:

The Achille Lauro Hijacking: Lessons in the Politics and Prejudice of Terrorism

1155:

and Ligue de Défense Juive (LDJ) violently assaulted Jewish demonstrators from

548:

On March 23, JDL members staged a sit-in in the office of the president of the

433:

The first Jewish Defense League demonstration took place on August 5, 1968, at

5488: 3453: 2467:"Tass Charges NY Police with Inaction During Protest Against Moscow Orchestra" 1485:, North American co-ordinator (2017–present); Canadian Chairman (1979–present) 1045: 775:

In 1972, a smoke bomb was planted in the Manhattan office of music impresario

354: 316: 281: 4929: 2726:"Jdl Denounces Jewish Anti-war Groups As More Dangerous to Israel Than Arabs" 2583:"Arabs Take over Church; Jewish Defense League Orders Minister to Evict Them" 2286:"Elderly Jews in Boston Fearful Over Mounting Crime Invite In Defense League" 1764: 5397: 5242: 5138: 5025: 4989: 2871:"Jdl Official Arrested in Connection with Hijack Attempt by Two Jdl Members" 1468: 1370: 1354: 1311: 1290: 1156: 960: 925: 917: 878: 846: 808: 780: 776: 756:

In 1972, two JDL members were arrested and convicted of bomb possession and

687: 504: 476: 402:

After discussing the matter with a few congregants, Kahane put out an ad in

373: 324: 2958:"100-hour Vigil Begins; 2500 Stage Rally; Rabbi Kahane, Ii Others Arrested" 4382:"US Attorney – Federal Inmate Sentenced On Brutal Murder Of Fellow Inmate" 2058:"ADL Commends FBI for Thwarting Alleged Bombing Plot By Jewish Extremists" 1104:

in Los Angeles, the King Fahad Mosque in Culver City, California, and the

807:, and ship arms abroad from Israel. A hearing was held to revoke Kahane's 709:, chanting "Let My People Go," "Open Up the Iron Door" and "Never Again!" 622:

On June 28, 150 JDL members demonstrated over attacks against the Jews of

5096: 4439: 4276:

Kushner, Harvey W. (2003). Encyclopedia of Terrorism. SAGE. pp. 192–193.

1661: 1508: 973: 899: 886: 757: 671:

On October 6, the JDL is suspected of bombing the New York office of the

553:

funds for Jewish education, while other groups continued to demonstrate.

296:. Most terrorist watch groups classify the group as inactive as of 2015. 158: 4939: 2346:"Thirteen Defense League Members Arrested in Anti-Soviet Demonstrations" 5189: 4030: 2447:

The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World

1566: 1557: 1458: 1161: 1056: 1009: 932:. Shortly before his killing, Odeh had appeared on the television show 717:

On January 8, 1971, a bombing outside of the Soviet cultural center in

451: 138: 2256:"JDL Sends Members to Protect Jewish Stores in Passaic, Mayor Annoyed" 1913:

National Consortium for the Study of Terror and Responses to Terrorism

1339:

National Consortium for the Study of Terror and Responses to Terrorism

422:!" which was originally used by the Jewish resistance fighters in the 5637: 5558: 1294: 1254:

On 5 November 1990, Kahane was assassinated after making a speech in

1201: 1033: 977: 881:

of rival JDL members' cars, the 1986 firebombing at a hall where the

877:

of an automobile at a Soviet diplomatic residence, the 1985 and 1986

587: 508: 472: 458: 261: 3310: 2755:"Jdl Seizes Synagogue to Conduct 'liberation Seder' for Soviet Jews" 1554:

liquidation of the Exile and the return of all Jews to Eretz Yisroel

1421:

student, who later wrote articles for Jewish magazines and the book

5811:

Perpetrators of religiously motivated violence in the United States

1478:, Administrative Director (2002–2006); Chairman/CEO (2006–present). 1410:, International Chairman. Assassinated in 1990 by Islamic militant 1024:

and requested security assistance from the JDL. The FBI launched a

17: 4834:"*JDL* Solidarity Rally for Dutch Freedom Fighter *Geert Wilders*" 4699:"Kahane and Colombo Join Forces to Fight Reported U.S. Harassment" 3278:"Police Suspect Link In Blasts At Homes Of Men Tied to War Crimes" 2900:"PLO Office Wrecked by Bomb; Jdl Member Picked Up for Questioning" 1599: 1236: 1210: 1193: 1181: 1152: 1140: 1130: 1005: 902:, containing "enough shotguns and rifles to arm a small militia." 730: 3932:"Jewish Defense League Unleashes Campaign of Violence in America" 1143:. Picture taken on 14 July 2006, a little after the start of the 657:(Md.), said he would sponsor a House resolution on Soviet Jewry. 276:"; it has been classified as "right-wing terrorist group" by the 3664: 3106:"Producer Gets Threat Call" Milwaukee Sentinel, January 19, 1973 1594:. In 2011, the Canadian JDL organized a "support rally" for the 1100:

were charged with planning a series of bomb attacks against the

426:. While the phrase is usually interpreted to mean that the Nazi 265: 5111: 4943: 4468:"JDL vice chairman's suicide continues chain of violent deaths" 3805:"French journalist assaulted by pro-Israel vigilantes in Paris" 2003:"JDL vice chairman's suicide continues chain of violent deaths" 1076:. The leader of the Toronto wing of the Jewish Defense League, 2180:

Meir Kahane, "Jewish Defense League Manifesto". New York, 1969

1633:, and announced its support for the increasingly anti-Islamic 531: 4899: 4322:"L.A. federal judge closes civil trial for activist's murder" 3779:"Calls mount to ban France's 'violent' Jewish Defence League" 2171:

JDL Certificate of Incorporation, approved September 25, 1968

1935:

Understanding Terrorism in America: From the Klan to Al Qaeda

5801:

Organizations based in North America designated as terrorist

3350:"Breakdown FM: Still Ruthless-Interview w/ Jerry Heller pt1" 840:

new repressions and for instigating anti-Semitic hostilities

4634: 4523:"Man Convicted in Terrorism Conspiracy Is Denied New Trial" 4235:"Federal Bureau of Investigation – Congressional Testimony" 4199:"Goldstein had been a member of the Jewish Defense League." 2087:

Rabbi Meir Kahane: His Life and Thought Vol. One: 1932–1975

629:

On August 16, 400 JDL members began a week-long march from

582:

On May 8, about fifty JDL members demonstrated outside the

5816:

Organizations that oppose LGBT rights in the United States

1096:

On December 12, 2001, JDL leader Irv Rubin and JDL member

675:

after the PLO hijacked four airliners the previous month.

464:

On December 3, JDL members attacked the Syrian Mission in

4582:

The Jewish Defense League has split into feuding factions

3964:

Jew vs. Jew: the struggle for the soul of American Jewry

3509:"Defense Names Rubin Case Informant – Los Angeles Times" 2234:. Lewiston, NY USA: The Edwin Mellen Press. p. 33. 817:

Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations

3996:"12 Years Since the Assassination of Rabbi Meir Kahane" 3719:"French Arab recovering after 'revenge attack' by Jews" 826:

On April 6, 1976, six prominent refuseniks – including

4352:"Feds Indict Suspect in Prison Murder of JDL's Krugel" 3132:"Report by Daniel Patrick Moynihan about the incident" 637:

on behalf of Soviet Jewry, concluding with a rally at

292:, the JDL has been involved in plotting and executing 4892: 4405:"Why was Jewish Radical Earl Krugel Slain in Prison?" 4062:"Terror Label No Hindrance To Anti-Arab Jewish Group" 2152: 2150: 2148: 1696:"The long overdue death of the Jewish Defence League" 1270:. Both parties were banned from participating in the 786:

In 1973, threatening phone calls made to the home of

3840:. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 3 March 1994. 2110:

Peter R. Eisenstadt; Laura-Eve Moss (May 19, 2005).

30:"JDL" redirects here. For the Indian distiller, see 5702: 5677: 5646: 5610: 5603: 5572: 5549: 5542: 5481: 5430: 5388: 5331: 5318: 5311: 5265: 5218: 5167: 5160: 5074: 5044: 5003: 4977: 1444:, and later to run the national office as chairman. 229: 206: 198: 188: 176: 164: 152: 144: 126: 111: 93: 75: 65: 55: 41: 1414:, who was later convicted in Terrorism Conspiracy. 660:On September 27, two JDL members were arrested at 3660:"French Jews killed Muslim out of racist motives" 1464:1983–1984 – Fern Sidman, Administrative Director. 1266:(Meir Kahane's son) leading a breakaway faction, 600:On May 20, thirty-five JDL members took over the 483:intended to protest the treatment of Jews in the 3356:. Archived from the original on January 9, 2007. 1200:. In 1972, JDL leaflets were distributed around 4553:"Jewish Defense League an Ultra-Militant Group" 3248:"Ex-JDL Activist Found Guilty in Bombing Death" 2205:Pedahzur, Ami; Perliger, Arie (July 12, 2011). 1606:. The event was denounced and condemned by the 1204:, calling for the mayor to stand trial for the 799:In 1975, JDL leader Meir Kahane was accused of 550:Federation of Jewish Philanthropies of New York 192:Inactive in the United States and Canada (2021) 1759: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1745: 1016:, Ruthless Records executives, Mike Klein and 849:, chairman of the JDL, said about the planned 5841:Anti-Christian sentiment in the United States 5123: 4955: 4026:"Slain Rabbi Meir Kahane Runs From the Grave" 1285:on Muslims kneeling in prayer at the revered 8: 5761:Far-right organizations in the United States 5659:American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee 4745:"'Islamophobic' group draws fierce protests" 4726:"Anti-Islamic group from U.K. to hold rally" 4123:"Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs Website" 3893:Complete Israeli Election Results, 1949–2009 3749:"French Jewish Defense League on the attack" 1532:The JDL upholds five fundamental principles 885:was performing, and two 1986 detonations of 280:(FBI) since 2001, and is also designated as 256:religious and political organization in the 5628:Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public 4093:"Jury Selection Seen As Crucial to Verdict" 1457:1981–1983 – Meir Jolovitz, originally from 1454:, came to New York City to become chairman. 1428:1974–1976 – Russel Kelner, originally from 922:American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee 457:On November 25, the JDL was invited to the 321:American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee 5831:Zionist organizations in the United States 5669:National Coalition Supporting Soviet Jewry 5607: 5546: 5328: 5315: 5164: 5130: 5116: 5108: 4962: 4948: 4940: 3405: 3403: 3077: 3075: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 1450:1979–1981 – Brett Becker, originally from 1247:Kach was disqualified from running in the 649:as you have done elsewhere." In response, 294:acts of terrorism within the United States 38: 5623:Communist Party of the Russian Federation 2114:. Syracuse University Press. p. 93. 2089:. Israel: Urim Publications. p. 90. 1996: 1994: 1973:The Development of Arab-American Identity 1578:In 1971, Kahane aligned the JDL with the 1524:that have been active during the 1980s). 4674: 4672: 4653: 4651: 3936:Washington Report on Middle East Affairs 3212: 3210: 3208: 3155:"JDL's new leader was born in Montreal" 2035: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2027: 5771:Jewish-American political organizations 4740: 4738: 4295:"U.S. Jewish militant killed in prison" 3905:Rafael Medoff; Chaim I. Waxman (2013). 2377: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2080: 2078: 1672: 1072:, the group had ties to the JDL and to 4415:from the original on February 13, 2023 3832: 3830: 3479:"Two JDL leaders charged in bomb plot" 3359: 2445:Christopher Andrew, Vasili Mitrokhin, 2135:"We are talking of JEWISH SURVIVAL!". 1905: 1903: 1901: 1318:Terrorism and other illegal activities 803:to kidnap a Soviet diplomat, bomb the 3874:from the original on 8 September 2015 3844:from the original on 23 February 2016 3325:"Unsealed FBI Report on Tupac Shakur" 3258:from the original on October 20, 2012 3045: 3043: 2984: 2982: 2232:Meir Kahane: Ideologue, Hero, Thinker 1787: 1785: 1512:Meanwhile, the opposing group formed 1417:1971–1973 – David Fisch, a religious 861:of murder but was acquitted in 1981. 450:On August 7, the JDL sent members to 7: 4103:from the original on 29 October 2023 4072:from the original on 2 December 2023 4060:Murphy, Dean E. (19 December 2000). 3942:from the original on 3 November 2023 3815:from the original on 25 October 2015 3536:. Haaretz.com. Reuters. 2002-01-22. 3511:. Articles.latimes.com. 2002-01-23. 1622:and Dutch politician and well-known 1580:Italian-American Civil Rights League 503:, who were often jailed and refused 365:gunman at a hotel in New York City. 5618:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 5273:Dymshits–Kuznetsov hijacking affair 4521:Benjamin Weiser (13 January 2012). 4141:"FAQs | Jewish Defense League" 3967:. Simon and Schuster. p. 196. 3613:from the original on August 7, 2011 3565:. November 14, 2002. Archived from 3485:. December 13, 2001. Archived from 2356:from the original on August 6, 2016 2326:from the original on August 6, 2016 2296:from the original on August 6, 2016 2266:from the original on August 6, 2016 1799:from the original on 7 October 2012 1598:(EDL) featuring a live speech, via 1582:, created the previous year by the 1322:In a 2004 congressional testimony, 1151:In 2002, in France, attackers from 388:served as the associate editor for 5324:Commonwealth of Independent States 4935:American Jewish Historical Society 4761:"Troubling marriage for T.O. Jews" 4533:from the original on 26 April 2017 3085:. Forward.com. 22 September 2010. 2112:The Encyclopedia of New York State 1369:, in 2000. Long-time JDL chairman 1357:in which 2 employees were killed. 1346:, in his formal report before the 869:During the 1980s, past-JDL member 25: 5861:Far-right terrorist organizations 5836:Islamophobia in the United States 5806:Organizations established in 1968 5756:Anti-Arabism in the United States 5664:Union of Councils for Soviet Jews 4844:from the original on July 7, 2013 4563:from the original on June 6, 2021 4447:from the original on May 27, 2023 4435:"Jewish extremist killed in jail" 4403:Rothman, Tibby (August 5, 2009). 4320:Williams, Carol J. (2009-07-24). 4091:Raab, Selwyn (23 December 1991). 4002:from the original on 1 March 2021 3672:from the original on May 18, 2010 3246:Malnic, Eric (October 15, 1993). 673:Palestine Liberation Organization 653:, a congressional candidate from 264:. Its stated goal is to "protect 148:United States, Canada, and Israel 5580: 5557: 5200:Emigration from the Eastern Bloc 5180:Antisemitism in the Soviet Union 4388:. March 14, 2008. Archived from 4129:from the original on 2016-03-04. 3998:. Arutz Sheva. 23 October 2002. 3930:Donald Neff (July–August 1999). 3907:Historical Dictionary of Zionism 3864:"Israel Political Parties: Kach" 3838:"The Kach Movement – Background" 3803:Allen, Peter (23 October 2015). 3452:blazingcatfur (5 October 2011). 1878:Ross, Jeffrey Ian (2015-03-04). 215: 98: 47: 5303:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 5082:Cave of the Patriarchs massacre 4870:from the original on 2014-05-12 4792:from the original on 2013-12-11 4784:Service, Haaretz (2011-01-12). 4697:Kaplan, Morris (May 14, 1971). 4497:"Official List of JDL Chairmen" 4478:from the original on 2017-06-04 4332:from the original on 2024-02-05 4259:from the original on 2012-10-07 4216:from the original on 2014-11-29 3759:from the original on 2014-01-08 3729:from the original on 2013-08-11 3699:from the original on 2015-09-24 3658:Halpern, Gilad (May 15, 2010). 3640:from the original on 2014-05-12 3632:Vidal, Dominique (2002-04-24). 3587:from the original on 2013-08-29 3540:from the original on 2015-06-08 3515:from the original on 2015-09-21 3460:from the original on 2013-07-30 3411:Why People Believe Weird Things 3389:from the original on 2015-02-15 3381:Service, Haaretz (2011-04-14). 3331:from the original on 2015-02-15 3288:from the original on 2023-02-27 3228:from the original on 2012-09-26 3138:from the original on 2012-03-12 3089:from the original on 2013-05-09 3061:from the original on 2016-10-19 3029:from the original on 2016-08-16 3000:from the original on 2016-10-19 2968:from the original on 2016-10-19 2939:from the original on 2016-10-19 2910:from the original on 2016-10-19 2881:from the original on 2016-10-19 2852:from the original on 2016-10-19 2823:from the original on 2016-10-19 2794:from the original on 2016-10-19 2765:from the original on 2016-10-19 2736:from the original on 2016-10-19 2707:from the original on 2016-10-19 2678:from the original on 2016-10-19 2640:Perkiss, Abigail (2014-03-18). 2622:from the original on 2016-10-19 2593:from the original on 2016-10-19 2564:from the original on 2016-10-19 2535:from the original on 2016-10-19 2506:from the original on 2016-10-19 2477:from the original on 2016-10-19 2013:from the original on 2013-10-11 1831:from the original on 2016-01-26 1771:from the original on 2010-04-14 1765:"Anti-Defamation League on JDL" 1731:from the original on 2023-12-09 1328:Federal Bureau of Investigation 896:New York City Police Department 883:Soviet State Symphony Orchestra 668:plane and divert it to Israel. 645:to "stand tall and firm in the 511:would respond to the strain on 329:Cave of the Patriarchs massacre 278:Federal Bureau of Investigation 208:Designated as a terrorist group 5826:Terrorism in the United States 5293:Freedom Sunday for Soviet Jews 4633:. Bnaielim.org. Archived from 4591:from CultNews.com (written by 4466:Tugend, Tom (17 August 2012). 3747:Liphshiz, Cnaan (2013-06-28). 3691:Levinson, Chaim (2011-09-16). 1393:Jewish Defense League Chapters 418:The group adopted the slogan " 1: 5152: 4930:Jewish Defense League Records 4912:Jewish Defense League Germany 4350:Crogan, Jim (July 23, 2006). 3717:Ahren, Raphael (2013-06-05). 3605:Levy, Mike (April 11, 2002). 2449:, Basic Books, 2005, 237–238 2386:. Brassey's Inc. p. 67. 2230:Breslauer, S. Daniel (1986). 1694:Ellis, Stephen (2021-08-21). 1461:, also came to New York City. 1440:summer camp JeDeL located in 1122:Metropolitan Detention Center 1102:Muslim Public Affairs Council 1082:Royal Canadian Mounted Police 760:in an attempt to blow up the 690:. Several arrests were made. 539:Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra 27:Jewish far-right organization 5851:Defunct Jewish organizations 4900:Jewish Defence League Canada 4631:"Bnai Elim official website" 4166:"Frequently Asked Questions" 2646:. Cornell University Press. 2001:Berman, Lazar (2012-08-17). 1932:Hewitt, Christopher (2002). 1012:sought to work instead with 1004:recording artist and former 967:. In 1988, the FBI arrested 5087:Jewish Defense Organization 4866:. Jdlcanada.wordpress.com. 3961:Samuel G. Freedman (2000). 3781:. France 24. Archived from 3607:"JDL Trial Set for October" 3583:. Haaretz.com. 2005-09-22. 3224:. Jweekly.com. 1995-06-16. 2141:. May 24, 1968. p. 33. 2056:(ADL) (December 12, 2001). 2041:The Achille Lauro Hijacking 1824:Southern Poverty Law Center 1793:"FBI — Terrorism 2000/2001" 1652:Jewish Defense Organization 1574:Relations with other groups 1447:1976–1978 – Bonnie Pechter. 920:, regional director of the 805:Iraqi embassy in Washington 286:Southern Poverty Law Center 81:; 56 years ago 5877: 5856:Zionist political violence 5781:Jewish extremist terrorism 5468:Menachem Mendel Schneerson 5210:Anti-cosmopolitan campaign 3909:. Routledge. p. 100. 3169:Hall, Carla (1984-09-11). 2207:Jewish Terrorism in Israel 1390: 790:, one of the producers of 677:United Press International 29: 5149: 4606:"jewishdefenseleague.org" 4499:. jdl.org. Archived from 4472:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 4143:. Jdl.org. Archived from 3559:"JDL chairman Rubin dies" 3366:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3200:Terror in the mind of God 3055:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 3023:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2994:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2962:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2933:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2904:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2875:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2846:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2817:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2788:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2759:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2730:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2701:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2672:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2616:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2587:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2558:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2529:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2500:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2471:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2420:Encyclopedia of Terrorism 2382:Bohn, Michael K. (2004). 2350:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2320:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2290:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2260:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2060:. Adl.org. Archived from 1986:Encyclopedia of Terrorism 1971:Nasseph McCarus, Ernest. 1853:. Brassey's Inc. p. 1849:Bohn, Michael K. (2004). 1522:United Jewish Underground 948:American Jewish Committee 46: 5143:1990s post-Soviet aliyah 4823:, April 24 – May 1, 2008 3777:Ball, Sam (2014-07-29). 1911:"JDL group profile from 1635:Freedom Party of Austria 1608:Canadian Jewish Congress 695:New York Board of Rabbis 411:should do but doesn't." 274:whatever means necessary 5791:Militant Zionist groups 5283:Jackson–Vanik amendment 4995:2001 plot in California 4049:(subscription required) 3159:, August 20, 1985, D10. 2429:, SAGE, 2003, 192–193. 1819:"Jewish Defense League" 1681:"Jewish Defense League" 1505:jewishdefenseleague.org 1198:Palestinian territories 924:(ADC), was killed in a 572:"weak administrators." 530:, agents of the Soviet 359:Kahane was assassinated 166:Political position 5751:Anti-Arabism in Canada 5710:Russian Jews in Israel 3868:Jewish Virtual Library 2085:Kahane, Libby (2008). 2054:Anti-Defamation League 1938:. Routledge. pp. 1596:English Defence League 1299:Israeli Defense Forces 1287:Cave of the Patriarchs 1277:On February 25, 1994, 1220: 1219:and later Kahane Chai. 1148: 1050:murder of Tupac Shakur 944:Anti-Defamation League 522:In 1970, according to 409:Anti-Defamation League 370:Anti-Defamation League 5766:Jewish-American gangs 5741:Jewish Defense League 5654:Jewish Defense League 5633:Moscow Helsinki Group 4971:Jewish Defense League 4253:"Terrorism 2000/2001" 4168:. JDL. Archived from 3198:Juergensmeyer, Mark. 2352:. December 31, 1969. 2322:. December 10, 1970. 2292:. November 26, 1969. 2064:on September 26, 2011 1700:canadiandimension.com 1367:Binyamin Ze'ev Kahane 1264:Binyamin Ze'ev Kahane 1258:. The prime suspect, 1214: 1134: 1116:, in the wake of the 930:Santa Ana, California 916:On October 11, 1985, 651:Thomas Hale Boggs Jr. 333:a plot to assassinate 246:Jewish Defense League 42:Jewish Defense League 4665:on January 17, 2009. 4559:. January 11, 1971. 4443:. November 6, 2005. 4392:on January 13, 2016. 4038:on 24 September 2015 4024:(12 December 2002). 3569:on October 17, 2008. 1657:Kach and Kahane Chai 1592:Colombo crime family 1518:Jewish Direct Action 1436:to direct the JDL's 1206:1929 Hebron massacre 1196:from Israel and the 1135:LDJ graffiti in the 1118:September 11 attacks 986:Paterson, New Jersey 963:urban settlement of 793:Bridget Loves Bernie 666:United Arab Airlines 558:United Arab Republic 517:emigration to Israel 4990:Murder of Alex Odeh 4840:. January 6, 2010. 4751:, January 12, 2011 4212:. 27 October 1997. 3753:The Times of Israel 3723:The Times of Israel 3429:, December 13, 2001 3313:on January 6, 2009. 3175:The Washington Post 2007:The Times of Israel 1984:Kushner, Harvey W. 1921:on August 28, 2010. 1499:, was suspended by 1442:Wawarsing, New York 1419:Columbia University 1335:Terrorism 2000/2001 1229:electoral threshold 988:, and a bombing in 851:American Nazi Party 845:On March 16, 1978, 832:Anatoly Shcharansky 602:Park East Synagogue 584:Black Panther Party 513:Soviet–US relations 435:New York University 336:U.S. Representative 288:. According to the 145:Active regions 121:Anti-Arab sentiment 5821:Skokie Controversy 5776:Jewish nationalism 5514:Benjamin Netanyahu 4922:2012-03-27 at the 4905:2010-04-13 at the 4815:2012-10-22 at the 4774:, January 12, 2011 4766:2011-01-15 at the 4732:, January 6, 2011 4587:2005-12-04 at the 4301:. November 6, 2005 4195:2017-07-06 at the 4097:The New York Times 4066:The New York Times 3938:. pp. 81–82. 3609:. Jewish Journal. 3409:Shermer, Michael. 2425:2023-11-03 at the 2262:. August 8, 1969. 2159:Newark Star Ledger 1616:Anti-Racist Action 1406:1968–1971 – Rabbi 1221: 1149: 1055:In 1995, when the 982:Tscherim Soobzokov 907:Rockefeller Center 543:Brooklyn College's 524:Christopher Andrew 323:regional director 5728: 5727: 5698: 5697: 5599: 5598: 5595: 5594: 5587:Nicolae Ceaușescu 5564:Władysław Gomułka 5448:George H. W. Bush 5426: 5425: 5355:Mikhail Gorbachev 5298:Operation Solomon 5261: 5260: 5105: 5104: 4326:Los Angeles Times 3895:UC Santa Barbara 3327:. Vault.fbi.gov. 3252:Los Angeles Times 2416:Harvey W. Kushner 2096:978-965-524-008-5 2043:. 2004, pp. 176–7 2039:Bohn, Michael K. 1988:. 2003, pp. 192–3 1975:. 1994, pp. 180–3 1891:978-1-317-46109-8 1647:Golus nationalism 1631:Party for Freedom 1501:Network Solutions 1235:, taken from the 1139:neighbourhood in 1059:residence of the 1014:Death Row Records 928:at his office in 913:and antisemites. 911:Holocaust deniers 813:incendiary device 764:residence of the 655:Montgomery County 515:by allowing more 489:Rockefeller Plaza 368:According to the 363:Egyptian-American 347:King Fahad Mosque 242: 241: 117:anti-antisemitism 32:John Distilleries 16:(Redirected from 5868: 5715:Yisrael BaAliyah 5608: 5585: 5584: 5562: 5561: 5547: 5529:Nehemiah Levanon 5458:Henry M. Jackson 5413:Eduard Kuznetsov 5329: 5316: 5288:Helsinki Accords 5165: 5154: 5132: 5125: 5118: 5109: 5056:Baruch Goldstein 5021:Chaim Ben Pesach 4964: 4957: 4950: 4941: 4896: 4895: 4893:Official website 4879: 4878: 4876: 4875: 4860: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4830: 4824: 4807: 4801: 4800: 4798: 4797: 4781: 4775: 4758: 4752: 4742: 4733: 4723: 4717: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4703: 4694: 4688: 4687: 4686:on July 3, 2008. 4682:. Archived from 4676: 4667: 4666: 4661:. Archived from 4655: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4642: 4627: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4617: 4608:. Archived from 4602: 4596: 4579: 4573: 4572: 4570: 4568: 4549: 4543: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4518: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4508: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4483: 4463: 4457: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4431: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4400: 4394: 4393: 4378: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4358:. Archived from 4347: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4337: 4317: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4291: 4285: 4274: 4268: 4267: 4265: 4264: 4249: 4243: 4242: 4241:on July 7, 2010. 4237:. 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Archived from 3166: 3160: 3157:Montreal Gazette 3153: 3147: 3146: 3144: 3143: 3128: 3122: 3116: 3113: 3107: 3104: 3098: 3097: 3095: 3094: 3079: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3066: 3047: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3034: 3015: 3009: 3008: 3006: 3005: 2986: 2977: 2976: 2974: 2973: 2954: 2948: 2947: 2945: 2944: 2925: 2919: 2918: 2916: 2915: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2886: 2867: 2861: 2860: 2858: 2857: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2829: 2828: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2799: 2780: 2774: 2773: 2771: 2770: 2751: 2745: 2744: 2742: 2741: 2722: 2716: 2715: 2713: 2712: 2693: 2687: 2686: 2684: 2683: 2664: 2658: 2657: 2637: 2631: 2630: 2628: 2627: 2608: 2602: 2601: 2599: 2598: 2579: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2569: 2550: 2544: 2543: 2541: 2540: 2521: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2511: 2492: 2486: 2485: 2483: 2482: 2463: 2457: 2443: 2437: 2413: 2398: 2397: 2379: 2366: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2312: 2306: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2282: 2276: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2252: 2246: 2245: 2227: 2221: 2220: 2202: 2196: 2195: 2187: 2181: 2178: 2172: 2169: 2163: 2162: 2154: 2143: 2142: 2138:The Jewish Press 2132: 2126: 2125: 2107: 2101: 2100: 2082: 2073: 2072: 2070: 2069: 2050: 2044: 2037: 2022: 2021: 2019: 2018: 1998: 1989: 1982: 1976: 1969: 1963: 1960: 1954: 1953: 1929: 1923: 1922: 1917:. 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Perl 5049: 5047: 5040: 4999: 4973: 4968: 4924:Wayback Machine 4907:Wayback Machine 4891: 4890: 4887: 4882: 4873: 4871: 4862: 4861: 4857: 4847: 4845: 4838:JDL Canada Blog 4832: 4831: 4827: 4817:Wayback Machine 4808: 4804: 4795: 4793: 4788:. 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October 1972. 2189: 2188: 2184: 2179: 2175: 2170: 2166: 2156: 2155: 2146: 2134: 2133: 2129: 2122: 2109: 2108: 2104: 2097: 2084: 2083: 2076: 2067: 2065: 2052: 2051: 2047: 2038: 2025: 2016: 2014: 2000: 1999: 1992: 1983: 1979: 1970: 1966: 1961: 1957: 1950: 1931: 1930: 1926: 1909: 1908: 1899: 1892: 1877: 1876: 1872: 1865: 1848: 1847: 1843: 1834: 1832: 1817: 1816: 1812: 1802: 1800: 1791: 1790: 1783: 1774: 1772: 1763: 1762: 1743: 1734: 1732: 1718: 1717: 1713: 1704: 1702: 1693: 1692: 1688: 1679: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1643: 1576: 1530: 1492: 1481:2017–present – 1474:2002–present – 1400: 1395: 1389: 1384: 1363: 1348:9/11 Commission 1344:John S. Pistole 1333:In its report, 1324:John S. Pistole 1320: 1190: 1094: 1038:Fuck Tha Police 998: 867: 819:in protest for 754: 715: 662:Kennedy Airport 643:President Nixon 560:Mission to the 497: 481:Kennedy Airport 448: 443: 384:In 1968, while 382: 341:in 2001, and a 236: 233: 216: 214: 213: 193: 119: 99: 97: 85: 83: 80: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5874: 5872: 5864: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5733: 5732: 5726: 5725: 5723: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5706: 5704: 5700: 5699: 5696: 5695: 5693: 5692: 5687: 5681: 5679: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5650: 5648: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5614: 5612: 5605: 5601: 5600: 5597: 5596: 5593: 5592: 5590: 5589: 5576: 5574: 5570: 5569: 5567: 5566: 5553: 5551: 5544: 5540: 5539: 5537: 5536: 5534:Yehuda Lapidot 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5509:Yitzhak Shamir 5506: 5504:Menachem Begin 5501: 5496: 5491: 5485: 5483: 5479: 5478: 5476: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5434: 5432: 5428: 5427: 5424: 5423: 5421: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5408:Yuli Edelstein 5405: 5400: 5394: 5392: 5386: 5385: 5383: 5382: 5380:Emomali Rahmon 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5360:Mikhail Suslov 5357: 5352: 5347: 5341: 5339: 5333:Pro-government 5326: 5313: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5269: 5267: 5263: 5262: 5259: 5258: 5256: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5224: 5222: 5216: 5215: 5213: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5171: 5169: 5162: 5158: 5157: 5150: 5147: 5146: 5137: 5135: 5134: 5127: 5120: 5112: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5078: 5076: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5068: 5063: 5061:Mordechai Levy 5058: 5052: 5050: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5039: 5038: 5036:Meir Weinstein 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5007: 5005: 5001: 5000: 4998: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4981: 4979: 4975: 4974: 4969: 4967: 4966: 4959: 4952: 4944: 4938: 4937: 4926: 4914: 4909: 4897: 4886: 4885:External links 4883: 4881: 4880: 4855: 4825: 4802: 4776: 4753: 4734: 4718: 4706:New York Times 4689: 4668: 4647: 4622: 4597: 4574: 4544: 4513: 4488: 4458: 4426: 4395: 4373: 4356:Jewish Journal 4342: 4312: 4299:New York Times 4286: 4269: 4244: 4226: 4201: 4182: 4157: 4132: 4114: 4083: 4068:. p. B6. 4052: 4013: 3987: 3973: 3953: 3922: 3916:978-1579582869 3915: 3897: 3885: 3855: 3826: 3795: 3769: 3739: 3709: 3683: 3650: 3624: 3597: 3572: 3550: 3525: 3500: 3470: 3444: 3442:, May 21, 1995 3431: 3427:Ottawa Citizen 3415: 3399: 3373: 3341: 3316: 3298: 3269: 3238: 3204: 3191: 3161: 3148: 3123: 3117: 3108: 3099: 3071: 3057:. 1971-01-21. 3039: 3025:. 1971-01-18. 3010: 2996:. 1970-12-31. 2978: 2964:. 1970-12-29. 2949: 2935:. 1970-12-21. 2920: 2906:. 1970-10-08. 2891: 2877:. 1970-10-09. 2862: 2848:. 1970-08-24. 2833: 2819:. 1970-06-30. 2804: 2790:. 1970-06-24. 2775: 2761:. 1970-05-21. 2746: 2732:. 1970-05-20. 2717: 2703:. 1970-05-08. 2688: 2674:. 1970-04-20. 2659: 2652: 2632: 2618:. 1970-06-25. 2603: 2589:. 1970-04-07. 2574: 2560:. 1970-04-09. 2545: 2531:. 1970-03-25. 2516: 2502:. 1970-03-24. 2487: 2473:. 1970-01-29. 2458: 2438: 2399: 2392: 2367: 2337: 2307: 2277: 2247: 2240: 2222: 2216:978-0231154475 2215: 2197: 2182: 2173: 2164: 2144: 2127: 2121:978-0815608080 2120: 2102: 2095: 2074: 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