254:'s Institute of Environmental and Human Health and the United States Air Force conducted an 18-month study of the health effects of JP-8 on 339 active duty personnel at six US Air Force installations. The study found that Air Force workers who were exposed to JP-8 were no more likely to seek medical attention than workers who were not exposed to JP-8 on the job. Personnel in the high- and moderate-exposure categories self-reported greater amounts of symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, difficulty breathing, general weakness, trouble concentrating, forgetfulness, and trouble gripping things.
230:
Workers have complained of smelling and tasting JP-8 for hours after exposure. As JP-8 is less volatile than standard diesel fuel, it remains on the contaminated surfaces for longer time, increasing the risk of exposure. JP-8 exposure has also been linked to hearing problems, but rather than being
331:
fuel (ASTM D1655) with the additive package required for JP-8 (SDA, CI/LI, FSII) added by the military. The intention is to lower costs by using commercially-available fuel. The resulting fuel has identical properties to JP-8, save for a higher freezing-point specification. The U.S. military has
221:
has caused some minor issues, none of which were discovered in the Fort Bliss test with JP-8. During Desert Shield and Desert Storm, commercial Jet A1 was used as the single-fuel and failed engines with
Stanadyne fuel-injection pumps missing an elastomer insert retrofit. Other than that, JP-8
209:
can be increased wear to exhaust valve seats in the cylinder heads, because a maximum sulfur content is not specified in MIL-DTL-83133G. Sulfur in fuel normally contributes to a build-up of soot layers on these valve seats. According to the notes in this standard, it is intended to include a
332:
switched to F-24 in domestic (excluding Alaska) sites in 2012. In 2018, it was found that the F-24 mixture could deteriorate during transport causing much reduced thermal stability, but addition of the +100 (8Q462) additive was enough to salvage degraded fuel.
269:). The additive increases the thermal stability of JP-8 by 100 °F (increase of 56 °C), hence the designation "+100". Spec-Aid 8Q462 was introduced in 1994 to reduce choking and fouling in engine fuel systems and is a combination of a
197:
with the corresponding low compression ratio (e.g. 14:1 or lower), JP-8 causes troubles during cold start and idling due to low compression temperatures and subsequent ignition delay because the
214:
value in one of the next releases. MIL-DTL-83133J sets the maximum sulfur content at 0.30%. It however only requires a cetane number of 40 after addition of FT-SPK (synthetic jet fuel).
710:
205:
to the BOCLE method is not specified in MIL-DTL-83133G, modern common-rail diesel engines can experience wear problems in high-pressure fuel pumps and injectors. Another problem in
281:. It is added to JP-8 at a ratio of 256 ppm to create JP-8+100, at an added cost of $ 5 per 1000 gallons of fuel. Commercially, this additive is used in police helicopters in
495:
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236:
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is a variant of JP-8+100, with additives to facilitate low-temperature performance. It is considered as a logistically friendly low-cost replacement of the
798:
48:, specified and used widely by the US military. It is specified by MIL-DTL-83133 and British Defence Standard 91-87, and similar to commercial aviation's
812:
792:
265:(F-37) is a variant of JP-8 augmented with the additive Spec-Aid 8Q462, also known as Aeroshell Performance Additive 101, created by BetzDearborn (now
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slightly reduces torque and fuel economy due to its lower density and viscosity compared to diesel fuel. Engine modification can offset this issue.
150:
804:
590:
344:
is a planned variant of JP-8 that increases thermal stability by 225 °F (125 °C). Such a fuel would match the thermal stability of
240:
749:"Characterization of an On-Spec, Commercial Grade, Jet A and A Near-Off-Spec Military F-24; Evaluation of +100 Thermal Stability Package"
650:
MIL-DTL-83133F DETAIL SPECIFICATION TURBINE FUEL, AVIATION, KEROSENE TYPE, JP-8 (NATO F-34), NATO F-35, and JP-8+100 (NATO F-37). From
747:
Morris, Robert W. Jr; Shardo, James R.; Marcum, Grady; Lewis, William K.; Wrzesinski, Paul J.; Bunker, Christopher E. (2018-01-01).
626:
83:
with JP-8 completely by the end of 1995, to use a less flammable, less hazardous fuel for better safety and combat survivability.
678:
476:
483:, JP-8 is used by Army Food Service Specialists (cooks) to fuel MBUs, in accordance with U.S. Army Field Feeding Manual FM 10-23
231:
unable to hear sounds, the brain has a hard time deciphering the message. Dr. O'neil
Guthrie, a research scientist and clinical
492:
122:) than JP-4. However, it also smells stronger than JP-4. JP-8 has an oily feel to the touch, while JP-4 feels more like a
837:
87:
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burns JP-8 and other distillate fuels, and is the current common heat source for Marine Corps food service equipment.
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558:
437:"Chapter 15: Fuels, Oils, Lubricants and Petroleum Handling Equipment: Military Fuels and the Single Fuel Concept"
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809:
698:
651:
832:
730:"An Albatross Around the US Military's Neck: The Single Fuel Concept and the Future of Expeditionary Energy"
165:) in land vehicles and F-40 (JP-4) in land-based turbine aircraft to simplify logistics. It is also used as
76:
621:
251:
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137:. JP-5 has an even higher flash point of > 140 °F (60 °C), but also a higher cost. The
91:
542:
McKee, Heather; Fernandes, Gerald; Fuschetto, Jerry; Filipi, Zoran; Assanis, Dennis (2005-12-07).
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59:-based fuel, JP-8 is projected to remain in use at least until 2025. It was first introduced at
544:"Impact of Military JP-8 Fuel on Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions #ADA573594"
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771:
99:
31:
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711:"USMC POLICY ON CONVERTING CONUS AVIATION AND GROUND/TACTICAL EQUIPMENT FROM JP-8 TO F-24"
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is a variant without icing inhibitor. The only required additive is a static dissipater.
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Paul J. Kern; Walker Mills; Erik
Limpaecher; Matt Santoli; Ben Flanagan (29 June 2021).
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668:"JP-8+100LT: A low cost replacement of JPTS as the primary fuel for the U-2 aircraft?"
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Ronald K. Kendall; Ernest Smith; Leslie B. Smith; Roger L. Gibson (August 2001).
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Beyond use in vehicles from trucks to tanks to planes, JP-8 is used in U.S. Army
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https://quicksearch.dla.mil/Transient/230B5DB336074B18A1E558D105636331.pdf
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https://quicksearch.dla.mil/Transient/19C031269152438C816A666C97F37F4A.pdf
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52:, but with the addition of corrosion inhibitor and anti-icing additives.
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17:
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581:"Exposure to jet fuel, not just noise, contributes to hearing problems"
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770:. 34th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit.
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fueled vehicles. This is in the wider context of the 1986 NATO
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Loma Linda
Healthcare System in California, has compared the
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is not specified in MIL-DTL-83133G to 40 or higher. Because
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805:
Current United States
Department of Defense Fuel Prices
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MIL-DTL-83133 technical specifications (includes JP-8)
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and become a lower-cost replacement should it exist.
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agreement, in which F-34 (JP-8) is to replace F-54 (
768:Prospects for JP-8+225, a stepping stone to JP-900
141:use JP-8 in construction and tactical equipment.
169:in engines and some other aircraft components.
8:
586:United States Department of Veterans Affairs
285:. JP-8+100 is also used for Canadian Forces
237:United States Department of Veterans Affairs
801:United States Defense Energy Support Center
795:United States Defense Energy Support Center
460:series of battle tanks uses JP fuel in its
799:MIL-DTL-46162 referee fuel Diesel and JP-8
697:MIL-STD-3004-1 w/CHANGE 1, available from
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691:
684:from the original on September 27, 2013.
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525:"The Reality of the Single-Fuel Concept"
338:is F-24 with the +100 additive package.
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561:. U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission
7:
753:Defense Technical Information Center
675:Defense Technical Information Center
241:central auditory processing disorder
632:from the original on March 27, 2020
593:from the original on March 18, 2021
510:
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666:Simms, Christian G. (March 2001).
149:JP-8 was specified in 1990 by the
25:
413:. 18 October 2012. Archived from
193:When used in highly turbocharged
153:as a replacement for government
63:bases in 1978. Its NATO code is
30:For the Roland synthesizer, see
810:JP-8 Material Safety Data Sheet
44:(for "Jet Propellant 8"), is a
1:
766:Edwards, Tim (13 July 1998).
614:"JP-8 Final Risk Assessment"
184:Problems and health concerns
819:from Shell US Gas and Power
86:JP-8 is formulated with an
854:
493:Babington Airtronic Burner
29:
403:"The History of Jet Fuel"
133:uses a similar formula,
217:The use of jet fuel in
77:United States Air Force
529:www.globalsecurity.org
622:Texas Tech University
252:Texas Tech University
734:Modern War Institute
102:, and contains less
776:10.2514/6.1998-3532
474:Modern Burner Units
417:on October 18, 2012
159:Single-Fuel Concept
145:Single-fuel concept
92:corrosion inhibitor
838:1990 introductions
815:2019-12-26 at the
589:. March 20, 2014.
498:2014-02-26 at the
479:2011-07-16 at the
131:United States Navy
275:metal deactivator
139:U.S. Navy Seabees
100:antistatic agents
16:(Redirected from
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565:21 December
462:gas turbine
421:21 December
407:archive.org
279:antioxidant
233:audiologist
163:diesel fuel
827:Categories
389:References
321:airplane.
311:JP-8+100LT
271:surfactant
120:neurotoxin
108:carcinogen
96:lubricants
636:April 18,
597:April 18,
458:M1 Abrams
277:, and an
250:In 2001,
235:with the
203:lubricity
79:replaced
18:JP-8 fuel
813:Archived
679:Archived
627:Archived
591:Archived
496:Archived
477:Archived
352:See also
342:JP-8+225
297:and the
263:JP-8+100
258:Variants
245:dyslexia
57:kerosene
46:jet fuel
27:Jet fuel
267:GE Betz
174:heaters
167:coolant
124:solvent
104:benzene
94:–
50:Jet A-1
464:engine
442:19 May
178:stoves
155:diesel
116:hexane
110:) and
98:, and
682:(PDF)
671:(PDF)
630:(PDF)
617:(PDF)
329:Jet A
71:Usage
40:, or
638:2021
599:2021
567:2014
456:the
444:2023
423:2014
383:JPTS
378:JP-7
373:JP-6
368:JP-5
363:JP-4
346:JP-7
336:F-27
325:F-24
315:JPTS
305:F-35
176:and
135:JP-5
129:The
81:JP-4
75:The
65:F-34
61:NATO
38:JP-8
772:doi
243:to
118:(a
106:(a
42:JP8
829::
751:.
732:.
713:.
690:^
677:.
673:.
658:^
625:.
619:.
583:.
527:.
507:^
411:BP
409:.
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301:.
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90:,
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55:A
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569:.
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531:.
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114:-
112:n
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20:)
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