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458:. The management and stock control systems needed in the ROFs, in respect of control of raw materials and "perishable" finished products, were somewhat similar to those used in the catering business; and J. Lyons was ideally suited to this task. They do not appear to have any involvement in managing these after 1945, when the ROFs started to run down.
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twice-a-day food delivery service. On the other floors were several restaurants, each with a different theme and all with their own musicians. For a time the Corner Houses were open 24 hours a day, and at their peak each branch employed around 400 staff. They featured window displays, and, in the
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which would ultimately number around 200 locations. The company also ran high class restaurants, founding the
Trocadero in 1895, and hotels including the Strand Palace, opened in 1909, the Regent Palace, opened in 1915, and the Cumberland Hotel, opened in 1933, all in London. In 1918, to increase
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sales in northern
England, Lyons bought the old established tea company Horniman & Sons. From the 1930s Lyons began to develop a pioneering range of teas, biscuits and cakes that were sold in grocery stores across the world. Lyons was appointed to run the company, and it was named after him.
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were large buildings on four or five floors, the ground floor of which was a food hall with counters for delicatessen, sweets and chocolates, cakes, fruit, flowers and other products. In addition, they possessed hairdressing salons, telephone booths, theatre booking agencies and at one period a
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called this "the world's first office computer", built in 1951. A subsidiary LEO Computers Ltd was formed in 1954 and went on to build 11 Leo II and 94 Leo III computers that were sold worldwide. One of the ardent users of LEO computers was the
General Post Office (GPO), who bought them in the
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vases set in alcoves behind silver pillars, with smaller vases on the third tier. The cake's panels depicted
Princess Elizabeth's coat of arms, the couple's initials and a Naval crown. Atop the third tier sat a larger Jasper vase, filled with fresh flowers and trailing orange blossom.
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The top management of Lyons, with its background in the use of mechanical adding machines, saw the necessity of new electrical computers for organising the distribution of cakes and other highly perishable goods. They, therefore, substantially financed the
University of Cambridge's
518:, designed and built by Dr John Pinkerton under the leadership of John Simmons. It handled the company's accounts and logistics. Lyons also included the weather forecast to ensure goods carried by their "fresh produce" delivery vans were not wasted in large quantities.
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They created a three-tiered cake, mounted on a silver stand, made by F E Jacobs, chief decorator of J Lyons’ Ornamental
Department. It stood 1.8 metres high and weighed 63 kg. The first and second tiers featured specially commissioned 10 cm blue and white
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period, the Corner Houses were smarter and grander than the local tea shops. The artist Kay Lipton designed all the windows for the Corner Houses under the supervision of Norman Joseph, the director post-war. Between 1896 and 1965 Lyons owned the
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was operated by Strand Hotels
Limited, a subsidiary of J. Lyons and Company and opened on 16 May 1915. Strand Hotels also operated the Cumberland Hotel (Marble Arch, London), Kingsley Hotel, Park Court Hotel, Windsor Hotel, White's Hotel and the
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562:'s computer interests to form English Electric LEO Marconi Computers. A continuing problem in the British computer industry was both lack of investment capital and competition with the much larger U.S. computer companies, such as
253:
chic, but by the 1950s and 1960s they were quick stops for busy shoppers where one could drink a cup of tea and eat a snack or an inexpensive meal. The teashops always had a bakery counter at the front, and their signs,
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The company was losing money in the 1960s but remained under the control of the Salmon family, descended from a founding partner. Lyons began to close some of its London tea shops and hotels; in 1963 it also merged its
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in the UK. At its peak the chain numbered around 200 cafes. The teashops provided for tea and coffee, with food choices consisting of hot dishes and sweets, cold dishes and sweets, and buns, cakes and rolls.
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237:. The teashops provided for tea and coffee, with hot dishes and sweets, cold dishes and sweets, and buns, cakes and rolls. Lyons’ teashops were slightly more up market than their ABC (
178:
617:). At the end of 1994, Lyons sold Lyons Biscuits to Hillsdown Holdings, which later sold it to a U.S. investment firm which subsequently sold it to British biscuit manufacturer
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405:. Six years later, Lyons changed the company's name to Symbol Biscuits Ltd. and began selling biscuits under the Symbol and Lyons brand names: one of their innovations was
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mid/late 1960s to produce telephone bills. They were kept going until 1981, helped by buying other companies' redundant machines and using them for spare parts.
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The
Tinkers of Elstow: the Story of the Royal Ordnance Factory run by J. Lyons and Company Limited for the Ministry of Supply for the World War of 1939–1945
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began work operating the LEO computer and rose to be a director of Lyons
Computer Services. He later wrote a history of the company and its computers.
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after the inception of Strand Hotels
Limited. The last London hotel that they operated until the demise of the group in the mid-1970s was the
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J. Lyons & Co. was a pioneer in introducing computers to business. Between 1951 and 1963, the company manufactured and sold a range of
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506:(EDSAC) which was the second electronic digital stored-program computer to go into regular service, and built their own programmable
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Making their first cakes and pastries in 1894, several Lyons cake products are still available on grocers' shelves, including Lyons'
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Lyons' Corner Houses, which first appeared in 1909 and remained until 1977, were noted for their
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The company began as a collaboration between a group of entrepreneurs, the professional artist
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As well as the tea shops and Corner Houses, Lyons ran other large restaurants such as the
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which opened from 1894 and finally closed in 1981, and for the Lyons Corner Houses in the
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on 20 November 1947. Of these they accepted only 12, including one from J. Lyons and Co.
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resources some ROFs were run as agency factories; and J. Lyons and Co. ran at least one,
210:, producing bread, cakes, pies, tea, coffee and ice cream. Lyons branded cakes included
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674:. While working for the company she helped develop methods for preserving ice cream.
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In 1964, Lyons sold their half-stake; and English Electric merged the company with
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in 1956. In 1990, Lyons changed the Symbol Biscuits name to Lyons Biscuits Ltd.
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Legacy : one family, a cup of tea and the company that took on the world
1272:. Number 10 Downing Street - The official site of the British Prime Minister.
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worked as a chemist for the company prior to becoming a barrister and then a
566:. English Electric LEO Marconi Computers merged with other companies to form
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A Computer Called LEO. Lyons Teashops and the World's First Office Computer.
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1311:"Site describing J. Lyons & Co national caterer and food manufacturer"
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and ending up as part of their Manor Bakeries subsidiary which also makes
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in the City of London. Its chains have included Steak Houses (1961–1988),
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In 1938, Lyons purchased the Bee Bee Biscuit Company, which manufactured
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Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham
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being consultant artistic director. Until the 1940s they had a certain
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Lyons' Corner House Brasserie with band, Coventry Street, London, 1942
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To the public, J. Lyons & Co. were best known for their chain of
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1375:. (Published in United States 2004, Hammersmith: Harper Perennial.
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The company was a substantial food manufacturer, with factories at
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Who's who in Jewish History: After the Period of the Old Testament
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Who's who in Jewish History: After the Period of the Old Testament
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Customers at Lyons' Corner House on Coventry Street, London, 1942
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LEO: The incredible Story of the World's first Business Computer
601:. Other parts that were sold off included Lyons Cakes (sold to
55:, food manufacturing, and hotel conglomerate founded in 1884 by
71:, London in 1894, and from 1909 they developed into a chain of
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266:'; after the war the teashops converted to cafeteria service.
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gold lettering on white, were a familiar landmark. Before the
316:, which was similar in size and style to the Corner Houses.
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service was to the table by uniformed waitresses, known as '
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and became the first user of these in businesses, with the
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Lyons‘ memorials to World Wars I (column) and II (wall) at
1106:"Princess Elizabeth's Wedding Cake; With a Wedge Prepared"
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tobacco company. In 1894 the company started a teashop in
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Catering and food service companies of the United Kingdom
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Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten's wedding cake
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History of the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham
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640:. The niece and nephew of the Gluckstein brothers were
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The First Food Empire. A History of J. Lyons & Co.
1205:"Google's Eric Schmidt criticises education in the UK"
863:"Bawden and battenberg: the Lyons teashop lithographs"
103:. The company is also known for its pioneering use of
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The J. Lyons & Co. papers are now stored in the
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1440:"Designing Britain 1945–1975: Lyons Corner House"
1501:Defunct food manufacturers of the United Kingdom
1153:"Why Lyon's Leo was the Met Office's cup of tea"
450:government-owned. However, due to shortages of
890:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995) p. 240
154:, London, and from 1909 developed this into a
937:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995) p.240
692:Caricature of co-founder Sir Joseph Lyons in
504:Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
477:from well-wishers around the world for their
8:
1531:Manufacturing companies established in 1884
241:) competitors. They were notable for their
1112:. London, UK. 22 November 1947. p. 8.
1058:"Symbol Biscuits Ltd (Lyons Biscuits Ltd)"
286:style. Situated on or near the corners of
1094:. London, UK. 28 October 1947. p. 3.
976:"How to make the perfect battenberg cake"
924:(Harvard: Harvard University Press, 1998)
75:, with the firm becoming a staple of the
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1464:(relating to the Lyons computerization)
901:"J. Lyons & Co. The Tea Department"
857:
855:
851:
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182:Lyons' Cafe in Reading, Berkshire, 1945
1337:Wokingham: Hasler Publishing Limited.
1244:Say what you like about Nigella Lawson
122:blue plaque commemorating co-founder,
1546:British companies established in 1884
1389:, David, John Aris, Peter Hermon and
497:Contribution to computing in business
442:saw a big expansion in the number of
27:British food and lodging conglomerate
7:
1352:Phillmore. Chichester, West Sussex.
1259:, 2001. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
1033:"J. Lyons & Co catering outlets"
1007:Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery
1000:Brigid Keane, Olive Portnoy (1992).
539:Lyons Corner House recreated in the
344:in Islington and the Throgmorton in
1516:Royal Ordnance Factories in England
1506:Defunct computer hardware companies
1397:(published in the United States as
328:Entrance to Throgmorton restaurant
25:
1335:LEO: the First Business Computer.
1283:Land, Frank (10 September 2017).
1128:"Queen Elizabeth's Wedding Cakes"
757:JP (Mayor of Hammersmith 1968/69)
613:cereal (ending up being owned by
581:and became part of the resulting
67:. Lyons’ first teashop opened in
1309:Baird, Peter (25 January 2012).
1009:1991: Public Eating; Proceedings
814:
802:
790:
621:. Lyons’ cake products, such as
593:products, which were branded as
298:, they and the Maisons Lyons at
1551:Restaurants established in 1884
750:1960–1965 Barnett Alfred Salmon
702:The chairmen of J. Lyons were:
577:In 1978, Lyons was acquired by
568:International Computers Limited
1526:1884 establishments in England
1:
1417:. London: William Heinemann.
168:LEO (Lyons Electronic Office)
1460:"The papers of John Simmons"
1177:London School of Economics.
772:1977–1981 Neil Lawson Salmon
638:London Metropolitan Archives
461:
1207:. BBC News. 26 August 2011.
841:J. Lyons and Co., Greenford
746:Isidore Montague Gluckstein
740:Montague Isidore Gluckstein
99:sponges, which are sold by
36:Lyons' Tea advertising sign
1567:
1004:. In Harlan Walker (ed.).
570:(ICL) which was bought by
1521:Food processing in London
755:Sir Samuel Isidore Salmon
516:Lyons Electronic Office I
418:Supporting the war effort
146:, as a spin off from the
138:and his brothers in law,
111:Origins and early history
59:and his brothers in law,
51:was a British restaurant
1413:Harding, Thomas (2019).
1363:Ferry, Georgina (2003).
1132:www.christineflinn.co.uk
955:www.leo-computers.org.uk
922:London: A Social History
444:Royal Ordnance Factories
1469:"LEO Computers Society"
1367:Fourth Estate. London.
1333:Bird, Peter J. (1994).
1110:Illustrated London News
951:"Leo Computers Society"
194:, produced in the 1930s
148:Salmon & Gluckstein
1395:User-Driven Innovation
1330:. Privately published,
1088:"And then lose count!"
699:
662:British Prime Minister
543:
514:digital computer: the
431:
401:from its factories in
337:
329:
279:
195:
183:
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45:
37:
1393:(eds). (1996, 1998).
1326:Bates, H. E. (1946).
1285:"Peter Bird obituary"
691:
538:
425:
372:, Glasshouse Street,
342:Angel Cafe Restaurant
335:
327:
277:
239:Aerated Bread Company
189:
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43:
35:
1348:Bird, Peter (2000).
1249:7 March 2005 at the
1056:Bird, Peter (2002).
296:Tottenham Court Road
1446:on 12 February 2004
1270:"Margaret Thatcher"
768:Brian Lawson Salmon
714:Montague Gluckstein
446:(ROFs), which were
438:period just before
428:Margravine Cemetery
379:Strand Palace Hotel
370:Regent Palace Hotel
356:(1974–present) and
206:, and from 1921 at
144:Montague Gluckstein
65:Montague Gluckstein
1185:on 11 January 2011
1011:. Prospect Books.
835:List of tea houses
700:
669:Conservative Party
607:Mr Kipling's Cakes
544:
471:Philip Mountbatten
467:Princess Elizabeth
432:
346:Throgmorton Street
338:
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304:Shaftesbury Avenue
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235:West End of London
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174:Products and image
132:
49:J. Lyons & Co.
46:
38:
1511:Filling factories
1126:Christine Flinn.
1018:978-0-907325-47-5
1002:"English Tearoom"
665:Margaret Thatcher
656:Notable employees
644:, a painter; and
508:digital computers
247:Oliver P. Bernard
245:, from the 1920s
44:Lyons' Cakes sign
16:(Redirected from
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1442:. Archived from
1428:
1401:). McGraw Hill.
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646:Louis Gluckstein
615:Weetabix Limited
597:, being sold to
579:Allied Breweries
553:English Electric
541:Museum of London
413:Other activities
407:Maryland Cookies
393:Biscuits company
360:(1989–present).
260:Second World War
128:Hammersmith Road
120:English Heritage
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18:J Lyons & Co
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1289:The Guardian
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1137:3 September
1077:Bates, 1946
920:Roy Poter,
695:Vanity Fair
389:in London.
383:Tower Hotel
320:Restaurants
300:Marble Arch
256:Art Nouveau
204:Hammersmith
170:computers.
77:High Street
53:chain store
1480:Categories
1391:Frank Land
1063:5 November
847:References
766:1972–1977
760:1968–1972
753:1965–1968
744:1956–1960
731:1941–1950
718:1923–1928
712:1917–1922
706:1894–1917
684:Leadership
678:Peter Bird
627:Battenberg
611:Ready Brek
595:Lyons Maid
475:many cakes
456:ROF Elstow
452:management
436:rearmament
350:Wimpy Bars
220:Battenberg
200:Cadby Hall
152:Piccadilly
93:Battenberg
69:Piccadilly
1157:The Times
985:9 October
809:Companies
591:ice lolly
587:ice cream
574:in 1990.
522:chairman
403:Blackpool
314:Trocadero
226:sponges.
208:Greenford
105:computers
91:, Lyons'
87:, Lyons'
1247:Archived
1189:30 March
1092:Reveille
1038:28 March
777:See also
487:Wedgwood
430:, London
399:biscuits
309:post-war
284:art deco
231:teashops
218:, Lyons
214:, Lyons
160:teashops
130:, London
73:teashops
1450:8 March
1387:Caminer
1228:27 June
1219:"Lyons"
1162:26 June
906:26 July
872:26 June
783:Portals
660:Former
572:Fujitsu
560:Marconi
531:Decline
479:wedding
448:British
302:and in
264:Nippies
190:Lyons’
140:Isidore
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698:, 1910
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599:Nestlé
520:Google
490:Jasper
374:London
364:Hotels
292:Strand
224:trifle
97:trifle
642:Gluck
512:LEO I
156:chain
126:, at
1452:2004
1419:ISBN
1403:ISBN
1377:ISBN
1369:ISBN
1354:ISBN
1339:ISBN
1296:2017
1230:2022
1191:2009
1164:2022
1139:2022
1065:2007
1040:2009
1013:ISBN
987:2019
962:2018
908:2020
874:2022
821:Food
625:and
589:and
469:and
434:The
368:The
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564:IBM
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