411:, 2014. Accessed April 12, 2021. "Jacob excelled at Eastside High School, where the enrollment was about 1,200. He enrolled in the classical curriculum, along with about 15 percent of his classmates. This was a rigorous program—four years of Latin, four of English, and three of German, three years of mathematics, two of social science, and one year each of chemistry and physics— and then a number of nonacademic subjects such as machine shop and gym. Jake graduated in 1935, in the midst of the Depression, and there was little certainty of college"
31:
244:, where he was one of less than 200 of 1,200 students who took a rigorous classical curriculum. His mother wanted him to go to college and a friend suggested that he study chemistry, noting that Paterson's dye companies that served the textile plants there would always need chemists. He attended the University College of
227:
but that is less than 1% of naturally occurring uranium. While the method of using photochemistry that
Bigeleisen used as an approach was not successful in isolating useful quantities of uranium-235 for the war effort, it did lead to the development of isotope chemistry, which takes advantage of the
369:
In an address in March 1983 at
Washington State University at ceremonies where he was awarded the college's Distinguished Alumnus Award, Bigeleisen advocated on behalf of nuclear disarmament, saying that "we have to stop putting our efforts into building more and more bombs" and that the time had
370:
come to start dismantling the tens of thousands of nuclear warheads in the nation's stockpile. While saying that he didn't regret his participation in the
Manhattan Project, he said that "having lived through that time, that any further use of nuclear weapons is out of the question."
688:
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668:
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allowing for the creation of a straightforward theory to explain the progress of chemical reactions through the interaction of isotopes in gaseous form, which he did together with
713:
673:
300:. Chemists can gain a better understanding of a chemical reaction by using different isotopes to analyze the differing reaction rates, which has allowed for advances in
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276:, where he worked on methods to achieve the separation of the uranium-235 from the more plentiful isotope uranium-238 needed to complete an atomic bomb using the
663:
728:
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355:
703:
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280:. The method of photochemistry that Bigeleisen researched did not lead to an effective method of separating the uranium isotopes, and
261:
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288:. Bigeleisen's research led to the development of isotope chemistry based on the principle that heavier isotopes formed stronger
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in marine fossils allowed for the determination of the water temperature that prevailed while the animals were alive.
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and methods that took advantage of the electromagnetic properties of uranium proved to be more effective means of
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312:. Bigeleisen developed the basic theories of the effect of isotopic substitution on chemical equilibrium (
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448:"Isotope chemistry has opened new areas of chemical physics, geochemistry, and molecular biology"
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386:. He was survived by his wife, Grace, as well as by three sons and six grandchildren.
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456:, January 29, 1965, Vol. 147. no. 3657, pp. 463 - 471. Accessed August 31, 2010.
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ways that different isotopes of an element interact to form chemical bonds.
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208:
138:
American
Chemical Society Award for Nuclear Applications in Chemistry,
429:"Jacob Bigeleisen, Isotope Chemist on Manhattan Project, Dies at 91"
500:
689:
Members of the United States
National Academy of Sciences
207:; May 2, 1919 – August 7, 2010) was an American
679:
Fellows of the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
589:"Scientist who worked on A-bomb favors disarmament"
164:
154:
127:
117:
95:
87:
69:
40:
21:
669:Eastside High School (Paterson, New Jersey) alumni
404:Jacob Biegeleisen 1919–2010: Biographical Memoirs
378:Bigeleisen died at age 91 on August 7, 2010, in
136:WSU Regents' Distinguished Alumnus Award (1983),
260:, and was awarded a doctorate in 1943 from the
632:. (Washington). UPI. March 5, 1983. p. 6.
219:from uranium ore, an isotope that can sustain
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504:, August 31, 2010. Accessed August 31, 2010.
437:, August 30, 2010. Accessed August 31, 2010.
342:after the war. He was hired in 1948 by the
272:He became part of the Manhattan Project at
29:
18:
714:University of California, Berkeley alumni
471:(3rd ed., Harper & Row 1987), p.427
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354:in 1978. He was elected a member of the
674:Fellows of the American Physical Society
252:, earned a master's degree in 1941 from
545:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences
540:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter B"
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236:Bigeleisen was born on May 2, 1919, in
323:Research he did in collaboration with
360:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
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664:Brookhaven National Laboratory staff
362:in 1968. In 1974, he was awarded a
614:. (Spokane, Washington). p. 6.
327:that studied the varying levels of
223:and would be used in developing an
729:Washington State University alumni
262:University of California, Berkeley
111:University of California, Berkeley
14:
626:"Scientist urges disarmament now"
608:"Nuclear pioneer for disarmament"
606:Scott, Margaret (March 5, 1983).
704:People from Paterson, New Jersey
587:Koskela, Alice (March 3, 1983).
724:University of Rochester faculty
352:State University at Stony Brook
189:State University at Stony Brook
709:Stony Brook University faculty
344:Brookhaven National Laboratory
181:Brookhaven National Laboratory
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719:University of Chicago faculty
699:Ohio State University faculty
358:in 1966, and a Fellow of the
519:National Academy of Sciences
409:National Academy of Sciences
356:National Academy of Sciences
240:. He graduated in 1935 from
577:. Accessed August 31, 2010.
750:
694:New York University alumni
314:equilibrium isotope effect
296:, who would later win the
489:"USA, È MORTO IL CHIMICO"
316:) and on reaction rates (
215:on techniques to extract
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147:
122:Bigeleisen-Mayer equation
28:
734:Deaths from lung disease
684:Manhattan Project people
593:Lewiston Morning Tribune
254:Washington State College
105:Washington State College
630:Ellensburg Daily Record
348:University of Rochester
346:, before moving to the
185:University of Rochester
575:Stony Brook University
318:kinetic isotope effect
298:Nobel Prize in Physics
364:Guggenheim Fellowship
340:University of Chicago
336:Ohio State University
177:University of Chicago
173:Ohio State University
132:Guggenheim Fellowship
401:Van Hook, Alexander
294:Maria Goeppert-Mayer
242:Eastside High School
238:Paterson, New Jersey
515:"Bigeleisen, Jacob"
446:Bigeleisen, Jacob.
380:Arlington, Virginia
350:in 1968 and to the
334:He did research at
274:Columbia University
246:New York University
169:Columbia University
100:New York University
81:Arlington, Virginia
569:2010-08-14 at the
494:2011-07-22 at the
453:Science (magazine)
434:The New York Times
329:isotopes of oxygen
286:isotope separation
211:who worked on the
35:Bigeleisen in 1964
659:American chemists
469:Chemical Kinetics
384:pulmonary disease
310:molecular biology
282:gaseous diffusion
268:Manhattan Project
213:Manhattan Project
198:
197:
149:Scientific career
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634:
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612:Spokesman-Review
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564:Jacob Bigeleisen
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427:Chang, Kenneth.
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302:chemical physics
278:enriched uranium
201:Jacob Bigeleisen
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54:
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45:Jacob Bigeleisen
33:
23:Jacob Bigeleisen
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16:American chemist
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118:Known for
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77:(aged 91)
73:August 7, 2010
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595:. p. 5B.
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522:. Retrieved
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306:geochemistry
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204:
203:(pronounced
200:
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165:Institutions
148:
75:(2010-08-07)
654:2010 deaths
649:1919 births
325:Harold Urey
225:atomic bomb
217:uranium-235
88:Nationality
55:May 2, 1919
643:Categories
390:References
113:(PhD 1943)
63:New Jersey
51:1919-05-02
250:the Bronx
232:Biography
159:Chemistry
108:(MS 1941)
102:(AB 1939)
567:Archived
549:June 25,
524:June 26,
492:Archived
338:and the
91:American
59:Paterson
487:Staff.
382:due to
258:Pullman
209:chemist
134:(1974),
475:
155:Fields
128:Awards
543:(PDF)
501:Leggo
374:Death
143:Award
551:2011
526:2011
473:ISBN
308:and
70:Died
41:Born
320:).
256:in
248:in
645::
628:.
610:.
591:.
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517:.
498:,
450:,
431:,
416:^
407:,
366:.
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53:)
49:(
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