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the time. He also commanded
General Stahl's Division for some time, and after the surprise and capture of the post at New Creek, he was ordered by General Sheridan to march at once to New Creek, assume command, and put it in fighting condition. His command was the Second Brigade, Second Division, Department of West Virginia, with three field batteries, one fort, and 3,000 or 4,000 troops, covering Hancock, MD, to Piedmont, WV, with headquarters at New Creek. He remained there until the close of the war and was mustered out July 21, 1865.
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bridges, rolling stock, depots, water tanks, and several blockhouses of the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad between Martinsburg, WV, and Cumberland, MD. It had also cut the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal in two places in Maryland and, within a short time after entering Pennsylvania, had become entirely mounted by benefit of the plunder of local horses. Once Imoben's Brigade was in Pennsylvania, it was intended primarily to act as a screen and to secure needed supplies for General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia.
350:) requested Colonel Higgins to raise a regiment and Governor Andrew Curtin assigned him command of militia in southcentral Pennsylvania on June 16. While his men hastily constructed makeshift forts in the mountain gaps, Higgins coordinated defense of the region with a fragment of General Robert H. Milroy's defeated Eight Corps, Second Division, who had retreated to Bloody Run after the
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Movements of
General Imboden's Confederate cavalry are shown in brown, Union General Milroy's position at Bloody Run is shown in blue, and makeshift forts by Militia under the command of Col. Higgins are shown in orange. The yellow region depicts the extents of Juniata Iron operations. Underlying map
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In 1826, Jacob
Higgins was born to John and Mary R. Higgins in Williamsburg, PA, in what would later become part of Blair County. Growing up in a rugged, mountainous region of the state, and coming from an ancestry of "hardy stock", Higgins learned early many of the characteristics of toughness, and
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created the appearance of a flanking attack. Fleeing town, Erwin's
Cavalry was pursued and defeated in a saber duel. Two Confederate men were killed (the first two C.S.A. soldiers to die in battle on Pennsylvania soil), and Erwin, Lieutenant Jordan, and twenty (or more) others were taken prisoner.
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to
Fredericksburg and was at Chancellorsville, VA. In that five days' battle he commanded the left wing, Second Brigade, Geary's Division, Twelfth Army Corps, and while General T. L. Kane was temporarily disabled, he was in command of the Second Brigade. When the term of the Regiment expired, he was
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At the opening of the engagement, the cavalry was ordered to push forward, and compel the enemy to unmask his position. Colonel
Higgins sent two companies, H and I, under Captain Streck, forward on the road north of the town, while companies C, D and E, Under Captain Taylor, charged directly through
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During the
Confederate invasion of Pennsylvania, the orders to General Joseph Hooker, commanding the Army of the Potomac, were to pursue and defeat Lee but to stay between Lee and Washington and Baltimore. Thereby rendered responsible for the defense of greater Pennsylvania, volunteer militia were
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At the outbreak of the war in 1861, he was at
Portage Iron Works at Duncansville, PA, and promptly responded to the first call for troops by Governor Curtin, who telegraphed him to come to Harrisburg at once. He was then Colonel of the First Regiment, Fourth Brigade, Eleventh Division, Pennsylvania
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Colonel
Higgins then assisted in recruiting a battalion of five cavalry companies, which formed part of the Twenty-second Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry. As Colonel of the Regiment, he participated in the Shenandoah Valley and mountains of West Virginia and commanded the Brigade most of
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He resigned in 1862, helped to recruit the 125th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and was commissioned its Colonel on August 16, 1862. He was at South Mountain but not engaged in battle, was at the Battle of Antietam, September 17 during the whole day while the Regiment was receiving a
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By September 1847, General Scott's army had pushed within striking distance of the Mexican capitol but first had to assault the remaining stronghold at Castle Chapultepec. Higgins was wounded during the assault on the Castle but, one day later, shared the capture of Mexico City. The Regiment was
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At McConnellsburg on June 29 the Northwestern Brigade sustained its first reverse. Company G of the 18th Virginia Cavalry, led by Captain William D. Erwin, was ambushed by Capt. Abram Jones' company of the 1st New York Cavalry from Milroy's Division, working with unarmed militia cavalrymen who
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Confederate General John D. Imboden's "Northwestern Brigade" consisted of the combined 2,100 men and six guns of the 18th Virginia Cavalry, 62nd Virginia Infantry, one company of the Virginia Partisan Rangers, and an artillery battery. During June, 1863, his Brigade had destroyed a half dozen
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it, and pushed on until the enemy, opening on their flank and rear, compelled them to withdraw. The infantry now became engaged, and the cavalry was ordered to the support of Easton's Battery, where it remained until the close of action, which resulted in the total rout of the enemy.
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Following the outbreak of the Mexican–American War, Higgins soon joined "The Wayne Guards," Company M of the 2nd Pennsylvania Infantry in 1847. Mustering at Pittsburgh, the 2nd Regiment was shipped off to the seat of war in Mexico and assigned to the army of General Winfield Scott.
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In July, 1861, he was mustered out of service and at once recruited Company G, First Pennsylvania Cavalry, and was commissioned Captain on August 1, 1861. On September 27, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel of the First Pennsylvania Cavalry and commanded five companies. At the
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to threaten vital railroad resources at Altoona and iron production facilities in the Juniata River watershed; in response, Emergency Militia was organized by Colonel Higgins and minimized this northwestern incursion.
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and expressed no geographic limitations. As Burgess interprets, "In this you see that General Imboden, while he had no specific order to move against Altoona, had the authority to do so, had he deemed it prudent."
339:, primarily for the defense of Pittsburgh. Although primarily agricultural, the broad region between Harrisburg and Pittsburgh held industrial assets of strategic value and fell prey to a clear and present danger.
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He was a member of U.V.L. No. 60, and Emery Fisher Post No. 30, G.A.R., Johnstown, PA, until his death, which occurred June 1, 1893. He was buried in Lot 93 Section WO3 at Grandview Cemetery of Johnstown, PA.
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ordered me to go into Pennsylvania as far as I deemed it prudent, west of North (Tuscarora) Mountain, and to keep an eye upon Milroy, who was reported to be collecting his scattered troops at Bloody Run.
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Commonwealth historical markers at Orbisonia and Strodes Mills boast the quality of Juniata Iron. Protecting iron production facilities in Blair and Bedford Counties fell upon Colonel Higgins.
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354:. Upon application, Higgins surrendered artillery to Milroy's men and loaned them a battalion under Lieutenant Jacob Szink for an expedition toward McConnellsburg.
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Militia. On April 20, 1861, he was commissioned Captain and Quartermaster of the Second Brigade (General Wynkoop's) under General Patterson.
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of Juniata River watershed by Karl Musser; Adaptation for Civil War historical purposes by Donald E. Coho without endorsement by Karl Musser
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Knowing the destructive capabilities of the Northwestern Brigade but not its intentions, Major General Darius N. Couch (commanding the
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The First Pennsylvania Cavalry is also known as the 44th Pennsylvania Volunteers.
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on July 24, 1864, Higgins commanded the Second Brigade of 1st Division Cavalry.
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The Pennsylvania Railroad's locomotive shops at Altoona were jeopardized by the
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The Twenty-second Pennsylvania Cavalry and the Ringgold Battalion, 1861-1865
429:. Harrisburg, PA: B. Singerly, State Printer. pp. Vol V, pp. 108–126.
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Brigadier General John D. Imboden: Confederate commander in the Shenandoah
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Brigadier General John D. Imboden: Confederate commander in the Shenandoah
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566:. Lexington, KY: The University Press of Kentucky. pp. 143–144.
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659:. Lexington, KY: The University Press of Kentucky. p. 146.
200:. Following the muster out and return home of the 125th PA, the
635:"Confederate Dead [McConnellsburg] Historical Marker"
497:. Harrisburg, PA: B. Singerly, State Printer. p. 1015.
614:. Martinsburg, PA: Morrisons Cove Herald. pp. 30, 46.
751:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Library. pp. 20–21.
591:. Martinsburg, PA: Morrisons Cove Herald. pp. 5–7.
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American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
703:. Martinsburg, PA: Morrisons Cove Herald. p. 10.
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History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-1865, Vol. I
452:. Martinsburg, PA: Morrisons Cove Herald. p. 7.
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Lee's orders were revealed by Imboden after the war:
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680:Imboden, J. D. (April 1871). "Lee at Gettysburg".
789:People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War
188:. Among his Civil War commands, he guided the
749:History of the 125th PA Volunteers, 1862–1863
426:History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-1865
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305:mustered out at Harrisburg on May 18, 1863.
726:. Charleston, SC: Nabu Press. p. 468.
317:Emergency and State Militia Troops of 1863
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240:First Regiment of Pennsylvania Militia
300:heavy loss. He was with the Regiment
192:regiment under heavy fire during the
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283:125th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
206:Confederate General John D. Imboden
380:22nd Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment
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255:1st Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment
471:Maher, Dave (23 December 2011).
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722:Farrar, Samuel Clarke (2010).
473:"Pennsylvania's Emergency Men"
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747:Regimental Committee (1906).
543:. Historical Marker Data Base
520:. Historical Marker Data Base
348:Department of the Susquehanna
337:Department of the Monongahela
333:Department of the Susquehanna
231:mustered out July 21, 1848.
699:Burgess, Milton V. (1962).
610:Burgess, Milton V. (1962).
587:Burgess, Milton V. (1962).
448:Burgess, Milton V. (1962).
352:Second Battle of Winchester
277:125th Pennsylvania Infantry
190:125th Pennsylvania Infantry
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198:Battle of Chancellorsville
59:Williamsburg, Pennsylvania
493:Bates, Samuel P. (1869).
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331:first organized into the
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655:Spencer, Tucker (2002).
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196:and likewise during the
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32:Colonel Jacob C. Higgins
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139:PA Emergency Militia
799:Union Army colonels
293:Gettysburg Campaign
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202:Gettysburg Campaign
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773:Categories
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682:The Galaxy
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410:References
213:Early life
131:PA Militia
97:Allegiance
52:1826-03-07
38:Birth name
302:en route
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