681:), with the duke of Burgundy. By this treaty, Jacqueline kept her titles of Countess of Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut, but the administration of her territories was placed in the hands of Philip, who was also appointed as her heir in case she died without children. She was not allowed to marry without the permission of her mother, Philip and the three counties. (Her marriage to Humphrey was annulled in this same year.) However, her financial situation was dire. She barely had enough income to support her household. Furthermore, the duke of Burgundy did not stop after the peace treaty in 1428. He bought the loyalty of her allies or estranged them from her in another way. At Easter 1433, Jacqueline "voluntarily" signed a
694:
512:, stepson of Elisabeth of Görlitz, who succeeded his father Anthony as Duke of Brabant, was chosen to be her second husband; modern historians believed that this decision was widely influenced by Jacqueline's mother and uncle John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy. On 31 July 1417, two months after William II's death, the betrothal between Jacqueline and John IV took place, and the wedding was celebrated in The Hague on 10 March 1418. However, the union proved to be a failure. The close relationship between the spouses required a papal dispensation, which, although granted in December 1417, was revoked in January 1418 in the
567:
In exchange, John III gave a monetary compensation to the couple and left them the County of
Hainaut; however, this was a little consolation for Jacqueline, whose subjects of Holland, Zeeland and Friesland were released from their oath of allegiance under the terms of the treaty. Finally, John IV also pledged Hainaut to improve his financial situation; for Jacqueline, this was enough: she and her allies began to want the formal separation from John IV.
546:. In addition, her marital status was again questioned thanks to her uncle, who claimed that without papal dispensation the union was annulled; this caused even more misgivings for Jacqueline about how to maintain her marriage. Even worse, on 29 May 1418 and against the express wishes of King Sigismund, John IV pledged the district of Mons; because of this Jacqueline in 1419 signed the Compensation of Workum (
521:
42:
489:, the youngest brother of her father and since 1389 the elected Bishop of Liège, although he was never fully ordained. Even before William II's death, he had expected to become his successor, and therefore he gave up his diocese. On the advice of her mother, Jacqueline initially gave her uncle the title of Guardian and Defender of the County of Hainaut (
661:, where she stayed with the leaders of the Hook faction. Now it was her former husband, John of Brabant, who tried to dispute her inheritance. In this matter, Humphrey did intervene, albeit with limited force; his efforts, however, had disastrous consequences for the English-Burgundian alliance that aided the English cause in France during the
705:("Frank van Borssele"), a local and powerful nobleman, became close. In the spring of 1434 they married and Philip granted Frank the title of Count of Oostervant. This marriage, contrary to the other three, was one out of love, at least for Jacqueline. It did not last long. In 1436 she became ill and after a few months of illness she died of
463:, died; and thus John became the heir to the throne, with Jacqueline as the Dauphine and future Queen consort. Duke William II, who had raised John since childhood, as the father-in-law of the future King obtained a considerable influence at the French court; however, despite this he was less successful in his efforts with the German King
475:
Dauphin John died (probably poisoned) on 4 April 1417, leaving
Jacqueline as a widow aged 16. Two months later on 31 May, she unexpectedly lost her father. Duke William II was bitten by a dog, which caused a blood infection that quickly killed him. The politically inexperienced Jacqueline now had to
725:
to
Francis of Borssele in 1432, two years prior to their public and official wedding. This secret marriage was supposed to be the real reason why she had to give up her titles and give them to the duke of Burgundy as it would violate the regulations in the peace treaty of 1428. However, there is no
566:
finally ended the controversy with granting the papal dispensation on May 1419. John IV, always heavily indebted and against the will of his wife signed with John III the Treaty of St. Martinsdyk, under which he gave to
Jacqueline's uncle full custody over Holland and Zeeland for the next 12 years.
592:
On 6 March 1421 Jacqueline fled to
England asking the help of Henry V, who gave her a glamorous reception. She was an honoured guest at the court of England, and when the future Henry VI was born, Jacqueline was made one of his godparents. It was only after the unexpected death of Henry V in 1422
440:. The boy had been given into tutelage of his future father-in-law, since he was expected to succeed as ruler in Hainaut and not in any way in France itself. On 22 April 1411 the Pope gave his dispensation for the union and on 6 August 1415, when Jacqueline was fourteen, she and John married in
652:
Her situation changed when her uncle John III of
Bavaria died on 6 January 1425, the victim of poisoning. John IV, Duke of Brabant, still claimed rights over Holland, Zeeland and Hainault and made Philip, Duke of Burgundy, regent of Holland and Zeeland, like he had done before with John III.
575:
In the meanwhile, the political situation had changed radically. The Duke of
Burgundy, John the Fearless, was assassinated in September 1419, and the French Dauphin Charles, brother of Jacqueline's first husband, was considered an accomplice and was therefore disinherited in 1420 under the
584:
then claimed to be the King of France. In
February 1421 Jacqueline issued a statement where she stated that, because of the destructive behaviour of John IV of Brabant, she wanted the annulment of her marriage. The fight against John III, continued until the capture of the city of
609:, which would allow her and her descendants to be treated as English under law, and it recorded her status as duchess of Gloucester. To secure her position, Jacqueline had to obtain the formal annulment of her marriage with John IV of Brabant. She asked Pope Martin V in
604:
The news of this marriage shocked everyone. On 15 October 1423 it was announced that not only was
Jacqueline married to one of the most powerful princes of Europe, but that she was also rumoured to be pregnant with his child. On 20 October, she was granted a letter of
444:. With this marriage, Duke William II wanted to secure the succession of his daughter to his domains; although he had at least nine illegitimate children, Jacqueline was his only legitimate offspring and as a female, her rights would be contested by her paternal uncle
561:
John III agreed to recognize the legitimacy of the marriage between
Jacqueline and John IV of Brabant if only to receive a high financial compensation from the government for the next five years of the regions dominated by the spouses. However, the intervention of
484:
In Hainaut, where female succession was long customary, Jacqueline was recognized as countess on 13 June, but in Holland and Zeeland her rights were controversial from the beginning. While the old aristocracy supported her, the municipal party supported her uncle
516:
due to the intrigues of Jacqueline's opponents, including King Sigismund of Luxembourg. In addition to this, the considerable financial problems of the young Duke John IV and his weak political leadership increased the conflicts inside the marriage.
593:
that Jacqueline obtained a dubious divorce from John IV of Brabant valid only in England that allowed her third marriage with Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, Henry V's brother and principal counsellor of the Kingdom on behalf of his infant nephew
493:) in order to forestall his ambitions. However, the German King Sigismund, who had already been against Jacqueline's rights since 1416, formally enfeoffed John III with the counties of his deceased brother and married him to his niece
726:
evidence that such a secret marriage ever took place and contemporary sources only mention the rumours of an upcoming wedding between Jacqueline and Francis at the end of 1433, half a year after Jacqueline renounced her titles.
1582:
D.E.H. de Boer, E.H.P. Cordfunke. "Jacoba van Beieren (1417–1428) en Jan 'Zonder Genade' van Beieren (1418–1425)", In: Graven van Holland, Middeleeuwse Vorsten in Woord en Beeld (880–1580), 2010, pp. 135–145
467:
to recognize Jacqueline as his rightful heir in the Counties of Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut. In March 1416, Count William raised the matter with Sigismund while the latter was the guest of the English king,
1590:
A Mediaeval Princess: Being a True Record of the Changing Fortunes Which Brought Divers Titles to Jacqueline, Countess of Holland, Together with an Account of her Conflict with Philip, Duke of Burgundy
665:. Pope Martin V decreed that Jacqueline was still the wife of John IV, Duke of Brabant, and therefore her marriage to Humphrey of Gloucester was illegitimate. However, John IV had died a year earlier.
621:
to resolve her irregular marital status, but her uncle John III intervened against it. Unexpectedly, her cousin Philip the Good, who wanted to prevent an English invasion, supported the annulment.
641:"Humphrey, by the grace of God, son, brother and uncle of kings, Duke of Gloucester, Count of Hainaut, Holland, Zealand and Pembroke, Lord of Friesland and Grand Chamberlain of England".
2820:
1878:
2815:
2810:
1726:
536:
John III, with the support of King Sigismund and the Cods, took up arms against Jacqueline, who was supported by the Hooks; this civil war was known as the
1826:
1574:
1308:
1973:
1197:
713:
on 8 October 1436. Since she had no children, Philip of Burgundy inherited Hainaut and Holland. Her husband Frank survived her for thirty-four years.
456:
1103:
624:
In the autumn of 1424 Jacqueline joined Humphrey in the Duchy of Gloucester, where she had a stillborn child; this was her only recorded pregnancy.
398:
295:
421:
542:. The troops of uncle and niece met in the Battle of Gorkum in 1417; Jacqueline was victorious, but was forced to leave the major trading city of
550:) with her cousin Philip the Good, future Duke of Burgundy, under which for a monetary compensation she ceded to him the districts of Dordrecht,
1451:
2800:
1933:
1871:
1556:
685:
with Philip which gave Philip all her lands and titles. In return she was allowed the income of several estates, mostly situated in Zeeland.
81:
2510:
1770:
693:
2220:
1719:
838:
372:
Jacqueline was the last Wittelsbach ruler of Hainaut and Holland. Following her death, her estates passed into the inheritance of
2731:
2518:
1926:
1864:
494:
2825:
1939:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2460:
1966:
1912:
1802:
2830:
2805:
2770:
2765:
2252:
2172:
1842:
1818:
1810:
1440:
736:
2790:
2618:
2586:
2484:
2308:
2276:
2236:
2124:
1712:
1633:
780:
359:
220:
2795:
2698:
2650:
2634:
2562:
2527:
2404:
864:
394:
285:
369:
and from her birth she was referred to as "of Holland", indicating that she was the heiress of her father's estates.
2723:
2690:
2666:
2642:
2626:
2602:
2554:
2536:
2468:
2420:
2412:
2284:
2260:
2228:
1534:
Graven van Holland, pp. 141–143; for a full argumentation against this legend see: A. Janse, pp. 288–326.
682:
2715:
2674:
2578:
2545:
2452:
2444:
2428:
2396:
2348:
2324:
2268:
2212:
2196:
2188:
1982:
1959:
1683:
1654:
806:
486:
445:
2706:
2658:
2610:
2501:
2388:
2380:
2340:
2332:
2316:
2244:
2204:
1302:
1165:
509:
498:
410:
191:
111:
2682:
2594:
2492:
2476:
2364:
2300:
2180:
1786:
464:
597:. However, as not all rules were observed, the marriage was arranged in haste and in secret in the town of
2108:
2052:
614:
166:
2084:
2036:
1887:
741:
355:
662:
2760:
2755:
2068:
2044:
2003:
1794:
1604:
1585:
1139:
658:
513:
425:
331:
275:
2436:
2140:
2092:
2076:
594:
502:
1324:
Cartulaire des Comtes de Hainaut de l’avènement de Guillaume II à la mort de Jacqueline de Bavière
721:
There are many legends surrounding the life of Jacqueline. The most prevalent one is her supposed
2835:
2100:
2008:
1998:
1778:
1754:
1735:
702:
581:
469:
429:
351:
249:
701:
With the renunciation of her titles, Jacqueline retired to her land in Zeeland. There, she and
2148:
2060:
2023:
1746:
1552:
1019:
926:
900:
632:
538:
460:
437:
343:
339:
335:
2292:
2132:
2013:
1993:
1898:
1834:
1694:
1690:
1663:
1644:
1640:
1563:
1077:
577:
525:
406:
377:
63:
59:
55:
2156:
1673:
1045:
722:
674:
598:
449:
402:
373:
323:
315:
91:
2356:
2018:
710:
307:
1568:
1301:
2749:
2372:
2116:
1297:
653:
Jacqueline escaped her imprisonment in Ghent disguised in men's clothing and fled to
628:
563:
347:
1919:
706:
47:
1429:
520:
417:
416:
At the age of 22 months (in Paris on 5 May 1403) and again at the age of four (in
17:
627:
Jacqueline and Humphrey landed in Calais and by the end of November they entered
654:
1420:
Alfred H.Burne, "The Hundred Years War," (1st ed., 1955; Folio soc., 2005), 371
41:
1391:
Groot charterboek der graaven van Holland, van Zeeland en heeren van Vriesland
606:
433:
366:
107:
1312:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 606–611.
631:, where on 5 December the Duke of Gloucester was recognized as the sovereign
555:
543:
529:
441:
148:
144:
132:
1856:
589:, the last city loyal to Jacqueline; after this, she had to admit defeat.
2164:
508:
Jacqueline also remarried, but her selection of husband was unfortunate.
455:
Four months after the wedding, on 15 December 1415, John's elder brother
128:
1441:
England's Immigrants 1330-1550, Letters of Denization and Other Sources
618:
270:
1704:
586:
551:
397:(also known as William VI, Count of Holland) from his marriage with
1951:
692:
519:
610:
2532:(1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Landshut: 1353–1375; Upper: 1363)
1955:
1860:
1708:
1567:
1430:
England's Immigrants 1330-1550, Jacqueline of (...) (23345)
673:
On 3 July 1428 Jacqueline had to agree to a peace treaty,
480:
Marriage to John IV, Duke of Brabant and war with John III
1549:
Een pion voor een dame. Jacoba van Beieren (1401–1436)
697:
Jacqueline, Countess of Holland and Zeeland, ca. 1435.
571:
Marriage to Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester and aftermath
2702:(Munich: 1460–1508; Landshut: 1503–1508; 1508–1550)
2550:(1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Straubing: 1353–1404)
2541:(1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Straubing: 1353–1388)
291:
281:
269:
155:
139:
118:
101:
97:
87:
77:
69:
54:
34:
2497:(1347–1349; Upper: 1349–1351; Landshut: 1373–1379)
1326:, vol. IV, Hayez, Brüssels 1889, Nº. 1157, p. 91.
734:She is the central protagonist of the 1831 novel
389:Early life and marriage to John, Duke of Touraine
1454:Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy
1389:Devillers, Nº. 1251, p. 200; Frans van Mieris:
1551:, Amsterdam, Uitgeverij Balans, 2009, 400 p. (
1344:Devillers, Nº. 1173, p. 109, Nº. 1174, p. 111.
601:, sometime between February and 7 March 1423.
472:, but was rejected; he angrily returned home.
420:on 29 June 1406), Jacqueline was betrothed to
330:; 15 July 1401 – 8 October 1436), of the
2821:15th-century women from the Holy Roman Empire
1967:
1872:
1720:
334:, was a noblewoman who ruled the counties of
8:
2646:(Landshut: 1393–1450; Ingolstadt: 1447–1450)
1578:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). p. 115.
1393:. vol. IV, van der Eyk, Leyden 1756, p. 545.
756:Ancestors of Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut
635:. Already on 3 January 1425 he signed with
491:Hüters und Verteidigers des Landes Hennegau
354:for a short time between 1415 and 1417 and
1974:
1960:
1952:
1879:
1865:
1857:
1727:
1713:
1705:
1595:
1494:For a complete list see: A. Janse, p. 316.
761:
752:
689:Marriage with Frank van Borssele and death
40:
31:
2598:(Munich: 1397–1438; Straubing: 1429–1438)
2590:(Munich: 1397–1435; Straubing: 1429–1435)
1292:
1290:
29:Countess of Hainaut, Holland and Zeeland
1303:"Holland, County and Province of"
1252:
432:. Both children were brought up in the
181: 1415; died 1417)
2816:Tuberculosis deaths in the Netherlands
2670:(Munich: 1460–1467; Dachau: 1467–1501)
1258:
1256:
1119:
999:
995:
985:
880:
770:
766:
2811:15th-century deaths from tuberculosis
1927:Duchesses of Gloucester and Edinburgh
1195:
1185:
1181:
1169:
1163:
1153:
1137:
1127:
1123:
1107:
1101:
1091:
1075:
1065:
1061:
1049:
1043:
1033:
1017:
1007:
1003:
979:
969:
956:
946:
942:
930:
924:
914:
898:
888:
884:
868:
862:
852:
836:
826:
822:
810:
804:
794:
778:
774:
497:, Duchess of Luxembourg and widow of
7:
2622:(1375–1392; Ingolstadt: 1392–1413)
411:Margaret III, Countess of Flanders
25:
839:Margaret II, Countess of Hainault
358:in the 1420s, if her marriage to
2606:(1375–1392; Landshut: 1392–1393)
1600:Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut
350:from 1417 to 1433. She was also
236:
207:
73:30 May 1417 – 12 April 1433
1906:Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut
982:Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut
452:, Duke of Burgundy since 1419.
258:
232:
203:
178:
2694:(Munich: 1465–1505; 1505–1508)
2614:(1375–1392; Munich: 1392–1397)
1803:Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria
1:
2801:English duchesses by marriage
2506:(1347–1349; Upper: 1349–1361)
2488:(Upper: 1301–1340; 1340–1347)
2400:(1253–1255; Upper: 1255–1294)
1819:Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain
393:She was the only daughter of
1940:Birgitte van Deurs Henriksen
1467:Devillers, Nº. 1427, p. 438.
1371:Devillers, Nº. 1235, p. 199.
1362:Devillers, Nº. 1228, p. 187.
1353:Devillers, Nº. 1199, p. 158.
781:Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor
360:Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
221:Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
2619:Stephen III the Magnificent
1934:Alice Montagu Douglas Scott
1485:A. Janse, pp. 312–316.
1476:A. Janse, pp. 279–280.
1402:A. Janse, pp. 192–195.
865:William II, Duke of Bavaria
476:fight for her inheritance.
395:William II, Duke of Bavaria
286:William II, Duke of Bavaria
2852:
2453:Henry XV the Natternberger
2440:(Upper: Regent: 1294–1302)
1113:
997:
874:
768:
524:Jacqueline of Bavaria and
46:Portrait of Jacqueline by
2502:Louis V the Brandenburger
2032:
1989:
1894:
1742:
1688:
1680:
1670:
1661:
1651:
1638:
1630:
1625:
1598:
1284:A. Janse, pp. 81–84.
1183:
1175:
1147:
1125:
1121:
1085:
1063:
1055:
1027:
1005:
1001:
963:
944:
936:
908:
886:
882:
846:
824:
816:
807:Albert I, Duke of Bavaria
788:
772:
703:Francis, Lord of Borssele
39:
2716:Albert V the Magnanimous
2699:William IV the Steadfast
2635:Louis VIII the Hunchback
2213:Henry II the Quarrelsome
1835:Maria Antonia of Austria
1166:Margaret III of Flanders
510:John IV, Duke of Brabant
499:Anthony, Duke of Brabant
362:, is accepted as valid.
192:John IV, Duke of Brabant
2638:(Ingolstadt: 1443–1445)
2630:(Ingolstadt: 1413–1443)
1888:Duchesses of Gloucester
1843:Marie Thérèse of France
1827:Maria Josepha of Saxony
1811:Marie Adélaïde of Savoy
1575:Encyclopædia Britannica
1309:Encyclopædia Britannica
675:Reconciliation of Delft
669:Peace and loss of lands
465:Sigismund of Luxembourg
365:Jacqueline was born in
167:John, Dauphin of France
2826:People from Le Quesnoy
2582:(Straubing: 1417-1425)
2574:(Straubing: 1417-1429)
2566:(Straubing: 1404–1417)
2558:(Straubing: 1389–1397)
2304:(1070–1077, 1096–1101)
2280:(1053–1054, 1055–1061)
2248:(1004–1009, 1017–1026)
1915:(1431–1441) (annulled)
1908:(1422–1428) (annulled)
1592:(G. P. Putnam's, 1904)
1525:A. Janse, pp. 329–331.
1273:Een pion voor een dame
698:
615:Antipope Benedict XIII
533:
422:John, Duke of Touraine
327:
319:
311:
2786:Dauphines of Viennois
2781:Countesses of Holland
2776:Countesses of Hainaut
2686:(Landshut: 1479–1503)
2678:(Landshut: 1450–1479)
2627:Louis VII the Bearded
2579:John III the Pitiless
2240:(995–1004, 1009–1017)
2229:Henry III the Younger
2149:Louis III the Younger
1763:Jacqueline of Bavaria
742:Thomas Colley Grattan
737:Jacqueline of Holland
696:
523:
424:, fourth son of King
356:Duchess of Gloucester
2831:Medieval Dutch women
2806:House of Wittelsbach
2771:Duchesses of Limburg
2766:Duchesses of Brabant
2603:Frederick I the Wise
2389:Otto the Illustrious
2349:Henry XI Jasomirgott
1787:Catherine de' Medici
1771:Margaret of Scotland
1755:Margaret of Burgundy
1605:House of Wittelsbach
1140:Louis II of Flanders
1104:Margaret of Burgundy
740:by the Irish writer
548:Ausgleich von Workum
528:before the walls of
526:Margaret of Burgundy
514:Council of Constance
495:Elisabeth of Görlitz
446:Bishop John of Liège
434:Castle of Le Quesnoy
426:Charles VI of France
332:House of Wittelsbach
296:Margaret of Burgundy
235: 1423;
206: 1418;
2791:Dauphines of France
2724:William V the Pious
2662:(Munich: 1460–1463)
2654:(Munich: 1438–1460)
2397:Louis II the Strict
2376:(Regent: 1183–1191)
2176:(Margrave: 895–907)
2168:(Margrave: 890–895)
2133:Louis II the German
1736:Dauphines of France
1691:Countess of Holland
1664:Countess of Hainaut
1641:Countess of Holland
1634:William VI & IV
1322:Léopold Devillers:
1198:Margaret of Brabant
957:11. Agnes of Głogów
503:Battle of Agincourt
56:Countess of Hainaut
2796:Duchesses of Berry
2691:Albert IV the Wise
2643:Henry XVI the Rich
2514:(Upper: 1361–1363)
2480:(Lower: 1339–1340)
2472:(Lower: 1310–1339)
2464:(Lower: 1310–1334)
2456:(Lower: 1312–1333)
2448:(Upper: 1294–1317)
2432:(Lower: 1290–1312)
2424:(Lower: 1290–1310)
2416:(Lower: 1290–1296)
2408:(Lower: 1253–1290)
2357:Henry XII the Lion
2325:Henry IX the Black
2216:(955–976, 985–995)
2009:Bavaria-Ingolstadt
1779:Charlotte of Savoy
1514:Graven van Holland
1512:A. Janse, p. 326,
699:
663:Hundred Years' War
582:Henry V of England
534:
501:, who died in the
470:Henry V of England
430:Isabeau of Bavaria
352:Dauphine of France
250:Frank van Borssele
18:Jacoba van Beieren
2743:
2742:
2683:George I the Rich
2675:Louis IX the Rich
2024:Bavaria-Straubing
1949:
1948:
1854:
1853:
1747:Joanna of Bourbon
1703:
1702:
1671:Succeeded by
1652:Succeeded by
1564:Edmundson, George
1557:978-94-6003-185-4
1503:A. Janse, p. 326.
1411:A. Janse, p. 200.
1380:A. Janse, p. 179.
1335:A. Janse, p. 121.
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1020:John II of France
927:Margaret of Brieg
901:Ludwik I the Fair
679:de Zoen van Delft
539:Hook and Cod wars
461:Dauphin of France
301:
300:
135:, the Netherlands
82:William IV and VI
16:(Redirected from
2843:
2477:John I the Child
2365:Otto the Redhead
2293:Otto of Nordheim
2014:Bavaria-Landshut
1994:Duchy of Bavaria
1983:Dukes of Bavaria
1976:
1969:
1962:
1953:
1899:Eleanor de Bohun
1881:
1874:
1867:
1858:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1706:
1681:Preceded by
1631:Preceded by
1621:
1614:
1596:
1579:
1571:
1535:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1517:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1459:
1449:
1443:
1438:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1394:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1327:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1305:
1294:
1285:
1282:
1276:
1275:, pp. 54–56
1269:
1263:
1260:
1078:Bonne of Bohemia
762:
753:
711:Teylingen Castle
633:Count of Hainaut
578:Treaty of Troyes
407:Duke of Burgundy
401:, a daughter of
378:Duke of Burgundy
262:
260:
240:
238:
234:
211:
209:
205:
182:
180:
125:
44:
32:
21:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2160:(King: 882–887)
2157:Charles the Fat
2152:(King: 880–882)
2144:(King: 876–880)
2136:(King: 817–843)
2028:
1985:
1980:
1950:
1945:
1890:
1885:
1855:
1850:
1738:
1733:
1698:
1686:
1676:
1667:
1657:
1648:
1636:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1601:
1562:
1547:Antheun JANSE,
1544:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1321:
1317:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1271:Antheun Janse:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1046:Philip the Bold
750:
732:
730:Popular culture
723:secret marriage
719:
691:
671:
650:
599:Hadleigh, Essex
573:
482:
450:Philip the Good
448:and her cousin
403:Philip the Bold
391:
386:
374:Philip the Good
265:
264:
261: 1434)
256:
252:
242:
239: 1428)
230:
226:
223:
213:
210: 1422)
201:
197:
194:
184:
176:
172:
169:
151:
127:
123:
106:
92:Philip the Good
50:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2849:
2847:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2748:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2729:
2721:
2713:
2704:
2696:
2688:
2680:
2672:
2664:
2656:
2648:
2640:
2632:
2624:
2616:
2608:
2600:
2592:
2584:
2576:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2543:
2534:
2525:
2516:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2482:
2474:
2466:
2458:
2450:
2442:
2434:
2426:
2418:
2410:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2378:
2370:
2362:
2354:
2346:
2338:
2330:
2322:
2314:
2306:
2298:
2290:
2282:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2194:
2186:
2178:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2130:
2122:
2114:
2106:
2098:
2090:
2082:
2074:
2066:
2058:
2050:
2042:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2019:Bavaria-Munich
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1956:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1942:(1974–present)
1937:
1931:
1923:
1917:
1913:Eleanor Cobham
1902:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1861:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1840:
1832:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1792:
1784:
1776:
1768:
1760:
1752:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1709:
1701:
1700:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1669:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1650:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1626:Regnal titles
1623:
1622:
1602:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1583:
1580:
1569:"Jacoba"
1560:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1527:
1518:
1505:
1496:
1487:
1478:
1469:
1460:
1444:
1433:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1395:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1337:
1328:
1315:
1300:, ed. (1911).
1298:Chisholm, Hugh
1286:
1277:
1264:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
991:
990:
987:
986:
984:
978:
975:
974:
971:
970:
968:
965:
964:
962:
959:
958:
955:
952:
951:
948:
947:
945:
943:
941:
938:
937:
935:
932:
931:
929:
923:
920:
919:
916:
915:
913:
910:
909:
907:
904:
903:
897:
894:
893:
890:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
876:
875:
873:
870:
869:
867:
861:
858:
857:
854:
853:
851:
848:
847:
845:
842:
841:
835:
832:
831:
828:
827:
825:
823:
821:
818:
817:
815:
812:
811:
809:
803:
800:
799:
796:
795:
793:
790:
789:
787:
784:
783:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
758:
757:
751:
749:
746:
731:
728:
718:
715:
690:
687:
670:
667:
649:
648:War in Holland
646:
645:
644:
643:
642:
572:
569:
481:
478:
390:
387:
385:
382:
299:
298:
293:
289:
288:
283:
279:
278:
273:
267:
266:
254:
248:
247:
246:
245:
228:
224:
219:
218:
217:
216:
199:
195:
190:
189:
188:
187:
174:
170:
165:
164:
163:
162:
159:
157:
153:
152:
143:
141:
137:
136:
126:(aged 35)
122:8 October 1436
120:
116:
115:
103:
99:
98:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
52:
51:
45:
37:
36:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2848:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2373:Agnes of Loon
2371:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2088:(c.716–c.719)
2086:
2083:
2081:
2080:(c.716–c.719)
2078:
2075:
2073:
2072:(c.716–c.719)
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2004:Lower Bavaria
2002:
2000:
1999:Upper Bavaria
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1877:
1875:
1870:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1679:
1675:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1635:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1612:
1607:
1606:
1597:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1455:
1452:Alison Weir:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1426:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1246:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1010:
993:
992:
989:
988:
983:
977:
976:
973:
972:
967:
966:
961:
960:
954:
953:
950:
949:
940:
939:
934:
933:
928:
922:
921:
918:
917:
912:
911:
906:
905:
902:
896:
895:
892:
891:
878:
877:
872:
871:
866:
860:
859:
856:
855:
850:
849:
844:
843:
840:
834:
833:
830:
829:
820:
819:
814:
813:
808:
802:
801:
798:
797:
792:
791:
786:
785:
782:
776:
764:
763:
760:
759:
755:
754:
747:
745:
743:
739:
738:
729:
727:
724:
716:
714:
712:
708:
704:
695:
688:
686:
684:
680:
676:
668:
666:
664:
660:
656:
647:
640:
639:
638:
637:
636:
634:
630:
625:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
602:
600:
596:
590:
588:
583:
579:
570:
568:
565:
564:Pope Martin V
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
540:
531:
527:
522:
518:
515:
511:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
479:
477:
473:
471:
466:
462:
458:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
388:
383:
381:
379:
375:
370:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
348:Low Countries
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
297:
294:
290:
287:
284:
280:
277:
274:
272:
268:
251:
244:
243:
222:
215:
214:
193:
186:
185:
168:
161:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
121:
117:
113:
109:
104:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
43:
38:
33:
27:
19:
2734:
2732:Maximilian I
2726:
2718:
2710:
2701:
2693:
2685:
2677:
2669:
2661:
2653:
2645:
2637:
2629:
2621:
2613:
2605:
2597:
2589:
2581:
2573:
2570:
2565:
2557:
2549:
2540:
2531:
2522:
2513:
2505:
2496:
2487:
2479:
2471:
2463:
2455:
2447:
2439:
2431:
2423:
2415:
2407:
2399:
2391:
2383:
2375:
2367:
2359:
2351:
2343:
2335:
2327:
2319:
2311:
2303:
2295:
2287:
2279:
2271:
2263:
2255:
2247:
2239:
2231:
2223:
2215:
2207:
2199:
2191:
2183:
2175:
2167:
2159:
2151:
2143:
2135:
2127:
2119:
2111:
2103:
2095:
2087:
2079:
2071:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2039:
1925:
1920:Anne Neville
1911:
1905:
1904:
1845:
1837:
1829:
1821:
1813:
1805:
1797:
1789:
1781:
1773:
1765:
1762:
1757:
1749:
1689:
1662:
1639:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1589:
1573:
1548:
1530:
1521:
1513:
1508:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1472:
1463:
1453:
1447:
1436:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1390:
1385:
1376:
1367:
1358:
1349:
1340:
1331:
1323:
1318:
1307:
1280:
1272:
1267:
981:
735:
733:
720:
707:tuberculosis
700:
678:
672:
651:
626:
623:
603:
591:
574:
560:
547:
537:
535:
507:
490:
483:
474:
454:
415:
392:
371:
364:
303:
302:
124:(1436-10-08)
105:15 July 1401
48:Jan van Eyck
26:
2761:1436 deaths
2756:1401 births
2735:(1597–1623)
2727:(1579–1597)
2719:(1550–1579)
2711:(1516–1545)
2587:William III
2523:(1347–1365)
2392:(1231–1253)
2384:(1183–1231)
2368:(1180–1183)
2360:(1156–1180)
2352:(1143–1156)
2344:(1139–1141)
2336:(1126–1138)
2328:(1120–1126)
2320:(1101–1120)
2312:(1077–1096)
2296:(1061–1070)
2288:(1054–1055)
2272:(1049–1053)
2264:(1042–1047)
2256:(1026–1042)
2125:Tassilo III
2064:(c.680–716)
2053:Garibald II
1936:(1935–1974)
1929:(1764–1834)
1922:(1472–1483)
1901:(1376–1397)
1846:(1824–1830)
1838:(1770–1774)
1830:(1747–1765)
1822:(1745–1746)
1814:(1711–1712)
1806:(1680–1690)
1798:(1558–1559)
1795:Mary Stuart
1790:(1536–1547)
1782:(1451–1461)
1774:(1436–1445)
1766:(1415–1417)
1758:(1412–1415)
1750:(1350–1364)
1586:Ruth Putnam
655:Schoonhoven
276:Wittelsbach
78:Predecessor
2750:Categories
2651:Albert III
2571:Jacqueline
2563:William II
2528:Stephen II
2511:Meinhard I
2405:Henry XIII
2309:Henry VIII
2277:Henry VIII
2085:Tassilo II
2037:Garibald I
1699:1425-1432
1668:1417–1432
1649:1417–1420
1542:References
607:denization
428:and Queen
367:Le Quesnoy
320:Jacqueline
304:Jacqueline
108:Le Quesnoy
35:Jacqueline
2836:Annulment
2667:Sigismund
2555:Albert II
2537:William I
2469:Henry XIV
2445:Rudolph I
2421:Stephen I
2413:Louis III
2341:Leopold I
2285:Conrad II
2261:Henry VII
2232:(983–985)
2224:(976–982)
2208:(947–955)
2200:(938–947)
2192:(937–938)
2184:(907–937)
2128:(748–788)
2112:(736–748)
2104:(725–736)
2096:(715–725)
2069:Theodbert
2056:(610–625)
2048:(591–610)
2045:Tassilo I
2040:(555–591)
1516:, p. 143.
1456:, p. 128.
657:and then
556:Rotterdam
544:Dordrecht
530:Gorinchem
505:in 1415.
442:The Hague
418:Compiègne
149:The Hague
145:Binnenhof
133:Teylingen
88:Successor
2546:Albert I
2519:Louis VI
2485:Louis IV
2429:Otto III
2269:Conrad I
2253:Henry VI
2237:Henry IV
2197:Berthold
2189:Eberhard
2173:Luitpold
2165:Engeldeo
2141:Carloman
2093:Grimoald
2077:Theobald
1684:John III
1674:Philip I
1655:John III
1566:(1911).
1262:see text
748:Ancestry
595:Henry VI
487:John III
399:Margaret
129:Voorhout
114:, France
2709:, Duke
2707:Louis X
2659:John IV
2611:John II
2461:Otto VI
2437:Matilda
2381:Louis I
2333:Henry X
2317:Welf II
2245:Henry V
2205:Henry I
2101:Hugbert
1695:Zeeland
1645:Zeeland
717:Legends
619:Avignon
580:. King
438:Hainaut
346:in the
344:Hainaut
340:Zeeland
336:Holland
328:Jakobäa
263:
255:
241:
229:
225:
212:
200:
196:
183:
175:
171:
64:Zeeland
60:Holland
2595:Ernest
2493:Otto V
2301:Welf I
2221:Otto I
2181:Arnulf
2061:Theodo
1616:
1555:
683:treaty
587:Leiden
552:Gorkum
532:, 1417
324:German
316:French
312:Jacoba
292:Mother
282:Father
156:Spouse
140:Burial
2120:(748)
2117:Grifo
2109:Odilo
1618:Died:
1611:Born:
1247:Notes
659:Gouda
457:Louis
308:Dutch
271:House
257:(
253:
231:(
227:
202:(
198:
177:(
173:
70:Reign
1693:and
1643:and
1620:1436
1613:1401
1553:ISBN
1196:15.
1138:14.
1076:13.
1018:12.
899:10.
629:Mons
613:and
611:Rome
554:and
409:and
384:Life
342:and
237:ann.
208:ann.
119:Died
112:Nord
102:Born
62:and
2548:,
2539:,
2530:,
2521:,
2504:,
2495:,
1164:7.
1102:3.
1044:6.
980:1.
925:5.
863:2.
837:9.
805:4.
779:8.
709:in
617:in
436:in
2752::
1910:,
1588:.
1572:.
1559:).
1306:.
1289:^
1255:^
744:.
558:.
459:,
413:.
405:,
380:.
376:,
338:,
326::
322:;
318::
314:;
310::
259:m.
233:m.
204:m.
179:m.
147:,
131:,
110:,
58:,
1975:e
1968:t
1961:v
1880:e
1873:t
1866:v
1728:e
1721:t
1714:v
1458:.
677:(
306:(
20:)
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