469:“Mamma” while her biological mother’s presence fades. Mrs. Minot wants her boys to learn at home because she wants their studies to focus on physical and intellectual balance. Through this, Alcott opines that education and physical activity should go together. Mrs. Minot emphasizes good health in her sons because Frank prefers studying to physical activity and Jack’s newly-recovered leg needs exercise. Eventually studying less helps Frank sleep better at night. As part of her educational system for the children, Mrs. Minot helps them with in-depth study and discourages memorization. Molly, Merry, and Jill have a difficult time memorizing historical facts, so Mrs. Minot tells them stories from history while they sew. During the lessons, they make personal connections with what they learn. English professor Cathlin Davis points out Mrs. Minot’s previous work as a schoolteacher many years prior, and claims that Mrs. Minot teaches the children what they need at the time. Mrs. Minot's educational methods are based on Alcott's ideas of education, which were influenced by
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families will live together in the Minots' house until the children recover. Jack and Jill decide to keep up with their lessons at home so they do not fall behind in school. One day Jill decides to read a letter lying near the writing table; the letter says she will likely never recover. Mrs. Minot finds out that Jill read the letter but lets her choose whether or not to confess. That afternoon, Merry asks her parents for permission to decorate her room and promises to do her chores in return; the decorations are ruined when her room accidentally catches on fire. Meanwhile, Molly decides that she will tidy her house and keep her little brother clean and well-dressed, which turns out to be difficult. Molly's widowed father and the housekeeper do little to take care of the children.
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of being injured, does not transform her into a
Victorian feminist, but instead prepares her for the socially accepted role of females. Both Mrs. Pecq and Mrs. Minot desire this for her. Jack’s injury is feminizing, claims Hines, because he cannot participate in his athletics and decides to imitate his mother’s patience. Jack attempts to preserve his masculinity with the village boys by pretending he is not interested in a kitten, which Alcott described as “girlish”. Another boy teases him for writing a tender letter to Jill. Mrs. Minot teaches Jack about his and Jill’s socially accepted gender roles, explaining that Jack should submit less to Jill and she more to him. Alcott challenges these roles with Jack’s gentleness and Jill’s strong will.
241:. Jill and her mother are poor, whilst Jack's family are better off. One afternoon in winter, Jack and Jill sled with their friends. After being told she would not be brave enough to sled on a dangerous hill, Jill wants to do it. Jack suggests they sled across the pond instead, but Jill insists she will go down the hill. She goes down the hill and crashes but is not hurt. Jack decides to take Jill down the hill himself. After a couple runs, they crash, and Jack breaks his leg while Jill hurts her back. Mrs. Pecq fears Jill may be crippled for life but does not tell her. To help Jill cheer up, Mrs. Pecq suggests that Jill and her friends, Molly and Merry, begin improving their homes; they call this project their "missions".
510:: Founded on Portions of the Story by Louisa May Alcott”. Smith uses the Christmas celebration as the basis of the play. It begins with Mrs. Minot, Mrs. Pecq, and Ralph finishing decorating the Bird Room. Jack enters the room and discovers the surprise, then invites Jill to join the Minots' Christmas party. A few of Jack's friends visit and they all write a letter to Jill. Later, they help her as she leaves her house to attend the Christmas party. Jill sees the Bird Room and expresses appreciation. Afterward, Jack and Jill quarrel. When more of their friends come, Santa Claus arrives and passes out their presents. The play ends with the cast singing a Christmas song.
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deals with her injury. Mrs. Minot tells Jill about an invalid, Lucinda Snow, to give her an example of how she should approach her injury. Mrs. Pecq’s suggestion that Jill, Merry, and Molly become missionaries in their homes furthers Jill’s transformation from masculinity to femininity. The girls, whose missions focus on domestic and self improvements, are characterized as both “savages” and “missionaries”. Through this project, Jill’s character is reformed, and not until this happens does she begin to recover. West views Jill’s eventual marriage to Jack as a reward for her transformation.
283:, which allows her to sit up and walk a little. Meanwhile, Merry' and Molly's housekeeping improves and Jack's friend Ed Devlin becomes sick and dies. Jill and the Minots spend the summer at Pebbly Beach, where they make many friends and Jill's health improves. Later Molly and her brother visit and join in a celebration at Pebbly Beach. When the families come back, Mrs. Minot decides that the children should take a couple years' break from school and tells Frank to delay
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Lodge, which is a boys' club that Frank and Jack attend, decides to befriend a troublemaker named Bob in hopes of having a good influence on him. Later, Jack wants to earn some money but refuses to tell anyone why. At Jill's suggestion, he sells cards. The teacher, Mr. Acton, punishes Jack because he
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As
Christmas approaches, Mrs. Minot tasks Jack and Jill with making decorations for the tree. Jill and Mrs. Pecq join the Minots on Christmas, and Jill is presented with the Bird Room, decorated with paper birds, where she and Jack can spend time together. Mrs. Minot and Mrs. Pecq reveal that the two
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Jill is at the head of her class, but struggles with spelling and grammar; Jack dislikes school but has good spelling and grammar. Hines claims this is demonstrative of their differing social statuses. Jill’s adoption into the Minot family raises her social status, and she starts calling Mrs. Minot
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According to children's literature professor and author
Kristina West, “isability figures as education” for the novel’s characters. Jill’s injury gives her the opportunity to develop into a more tame, patient, and obedient girl. Jill does not personally know any disabled adults to guide her as she
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develop into socially acceptable women of the time. She and author Ruth K. MacDonald view Jill’s injury as a punishment for seeking equality with the village boys, as Jack and his male friends have successfully gone down the hill in the past without injury. Jill’s eventual taming, which is a result
188:. On January 1, 1880, she wrote in her journal, “Tried to write on ‘J. and J.’ to distract my mind; but the wave of sorrow kept rolling over me”. In January she finished the book and expressed the hope that her mourning did not affect what she intended to be a cheerful story.
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in time for the delivery, but reluctantly decided against it because she knew she would be seasick and did not want May to have to take care of her. She wrote, “I know I shall wish I had gone; it is my luck.” Instead, she stayed at the
Bellevue Hotel to finish writing
276:. At home, Mrs. Minot unsuccessfully tries to find out why Jack was there. Jill writes a letter to Bob and finds out that he owed someone money, which Jack paid for him in the shop's back room. Told what happened, Mr. Acton publicly excuses Jack from blame.
164:. When Dodge expressed satisfaction after reading them, an encouraged Alcott wrote four more chapters. Writing one chapter of the book every day, Alcott wrote in her journal that she “peg away very slowly”. In writing, Alcott drew upon the lives of local
443:" because of her dark hair and rosy cheeks. Though Jill is the same race as the other characters in the novel, Hines says, she is racially set apart through this description. Jack, who is blonde, is representative of the Victorian ideal of a fair
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criticized Alcott's inclusion of romance, noting that Alcott saw it as "drawing the picture of a natural society of boys and girls who are soon to be young men and young women." In reference to the focus on injured children,
184:. May died from complications developed after childbirth and left her newborn, Lulu, to Alcott’s care. After May’s death, Alcott stayed for a while at Willow Cottage, Magnolia, which makes an appearance in
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and again in 1907 with illustrations by
Frederick Dielman and an anonymous artist. Little, Brown and Company also published a 1928 edition with color illustrations, including some by
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in most of the story. Hines sees an inequality between the children because Jack is wealthy, male, and characterized as having more morality than Jill. Alcott describes Jill as a "
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In
February Jack is well enough to attend school. Jill amuses herself by helping her drama club prepare for a performance with the village boys. Jill is chosen to play the part of
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is the story of two friends named Jack and Janey and tells of the aftermath of a serious sledding accident. After publication, the novel received reviews comparing it to
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Almost four months after the sledding accident, Mrs. Minot tells Jack, Frank, and Jill that Jill and Mrs. Pecq are to live with them permanently. Jill is also given a
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noted that the days in the book were long and the "mothers at least twenty times as long-suffering" as what the editors were familiar with.
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children, explaining that “Jack and Jill are right out of our own little circle”. Several children wanted to be included in the story.
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when she exhibits masculine traits. Jill’s increased paleness is demonstrative of her transformation from masculinity to femininity.
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Jack Minot and Janey Pecq are best friends who are neighbors. Because of their friendship, Janey gets the nickname of Jill, to mimic
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447:. In the months after the accident, Jill’s face alternates between rosiness and paleness; Hines points out that Jill is typically
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and praising its portrayal of reality, while other reviews criticized its romance. Later, parts of the book were adapted into a
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magazine
December 1879-October 1880 and belongs to the Little Women Series. Parts of it were written during the death of
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attraction. Likewise, the accident “resets” Jack and Jill’s friendship, making it heterosexual when it was initially
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in 1880 with four illustrations that were included in the serialized edition, one of which is attributed to
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called it "one of the brightest" of her "recent efforts", including "much vivacity and strength". The
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as "the best has written for years" and said that some readers thought it as good as or better than
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rhymes. Later, Jack's older brother Frank and a friend visit the trainyard and drive an unsupervised
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St. Nicholas and Mary Mapes Dodge: The Legacy of a
Children's Magazine Editor, 1873-1905
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from
December 1879 to October 1880. The book was first published in novel format by the
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During Jack’s and Jill’s recoveries, the village children shift from having largely
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1351:"Missionary Positions: Taming the Savage Girl in Louisa May Alcott's Jack and Jill"
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1261:"The Treatment of Disability in 19th and Early 20th Century Children's Literature"
1227:"An Easy and Well-Ordered Way to Learn: Schooling at Home in Louisa May Alcott's
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for a year. Mrs. Minot teaches Jill, Molly, and Merry at home. Mrs. Hammond, a
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described it as "a fairly good book for juvenile readers" but not as good as
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was due to deliver her child at the end of 1879. Alcott wanted to see May in
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was published as a
Rainbow Classic with four illustrations by Nettie Weber.
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was seen in the back room of a sweet shop; the back room has alcohol and a
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1410:"What Katy Read: Susan Coolidge and the Image of the Victorian Child"
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emphasize Alcott's portrayals of gender, disability, and education.
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Louisa May Alcott and the Textual Child: A Critical Theory Approach
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1477:. In Gannon, Susan R.; Rahn, Suzanne; Thompson, Ruth Anne (eds.).
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Author and Louisa May Alcott scholar Gregory Eiselein argues that
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1297:"Reading a Feminist Romance: Literary Critics and Little Women"
1579:. Washington, D. C., USA: Library of Congress. pp. 46–49.
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The Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science, and Art
252:. When the performance comes, the boys act out tableaus from
1475:"'Work Well Done':Louisa May Alcott and Mary Mapes Dodge"
256:'s life and the girls perform Sleeping Beauty as well as
1456:. New York, New York, USA: Henry Holt and Company, LLC.
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published the book in 1905 with eight illustrations by
2094:. Further suggestions might be found on the article's
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Louisa May Alcott: An Annotated, Selected Bibliography
1324:"Louisa May Alcott and the "Revolution" in Education"
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demonstrates “conformity and submission” rather than
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praised Alcott for creating realistic stories, while
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2008:
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1558:. Boston, Massachusetts, USA: G. K. Hall & Co.
1435:. Boston, Massachusetts, USA: G. K. Hall & Co.
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1181:Louisa May Alcott: Her Life, Letters, and Journals
1184:. Carlisle, Massachusetts, USA: Applewood Books.
1481:. McFarland and Company, Inc. pp. 171–178.
1454:Louisa May Alcott: The Woman Behind Little Women
407:ideals. Maude Hines, a professor of English at
1416:(1). Johns Hopkins University Press: 217–222.
496:S. Decatur Smith, Jr., wrote a short play for
333:opined, "is the best story has written". The
111:is a children's book originally serialized in
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121:. The novel takes place in the fictionalized
8:
1431:Payne, Alma J. (1980). Salzman, Jack (ed.).
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1592:. London, England, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
1414:Children's Literature Association Quarterly
1308:. Johns Hopkins University Press: 238–244.
1207:Louisa May Alcott: The Contemporary Reviews
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16:1880 children's novel by Louisa May Alcott
1498:"The Ladies' home journal v.24 1906-1907"
1496:Smith, S. Decatur. Bok, Edward W. (ed.).
1335:(2). Penn State University Press: 81–92.
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382:wrote that Alcott was approaching "false
2166:Children's books set in the 19th century
1880:Lost in a Pyramid; or, The Mummy's Curse
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2092:See guidelines for writing about novels
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139:play. Authors and professors analyzing
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1556:Critical Essays on Louisa May Alcott
1433:Louisa May Alcott: A Reference Guide
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2161:Children's books set in New England
1533:Studies in the American Renaissance
2084:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
1525:Stern, Madeleine B. Stern (1977).
1240:Children's Literature in Education
1201:Clark, Beverly Lyon, ed. (2004). "
147:Background and publication history
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1872:Behind A Mask or, A Woman's Power
1528:"Louisa M. Alcott in Periodicals"
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1329:The Journal of General Education
1786:Eight Cousins, or The Aunt-Hill
156:Alcott sent sample chapters of
20:Jack and Jill: A Village Story
1818:Jack and Jill: A Village Story
1575:Ullom, Judith C., ed. (1969).
1539:. Twayne Publishers: 369–386.
1209:. Cambridge University Press.
1203:Jack and Jill: A Village Story
504:Jack and Jill: A Village Story
104:Jack and Jill: A Village Story
1:
1321:Hamblen, Abigail Ann (1970).
481:methods of teaching involved
1908:The Brownie and the Princess
1678:Children's literature portal
1554:Stern, Madeleine B. (1984).
1265:Disability Studies Quarterly
1149:"S. Decatur Smith Jr. plays"
427:friendships to experiencing
342:Springfield Daily Republican
2151:Novels by Louisa May Alcott
1981:Abigail May Alcott Nieriker
1778:Work: A Story of Experience
1644:public domain audiobook at
331:The Springfield Daily Union
2192:
2146:American children's novels
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1294:Eiselein, Gregory (2000).
1259:Dowker, Ann (2004-12-15).
1254:– via Springer Link.
1224:Davis, Cathlin M. (2011).
291:, teaches the girls about
219:Harriet Roosevelt Richards
1834:
1598:10.1007/978-3-030-39025-9
1424:– via Project MUSE.
1370:– via Project MUSE.
1316:– via Project MUSE.
1252:10.1007/s10583-011-9136-1
1178:Cheney, Edna Dow (2010).
409:Portland State University
215:Little, Brown and Company
125:town of Harmony Village.
24:
1900:Transcendental Wild Oats
1452:Reisen, Harriet (2009).
1408:Nelson, Claudia (1991).
1375:Kolba, Ellen D. (1984).
1356:The Lion and the Unicorn
850:, pp. 74–75, 95–96.
499:The Ladies' Home Journal
485:and physical education.
1975:Elizabeth Sewall Alcott
1802:A Modern Mephistopheles
1746:A Long Fatal Love Chase
1584:West, Kristina (2020).
1510:2027/mdp.39015013140838
1473:Shealy, Daniel (2004).
411:, noticed the use of a
2171:Children's novel stubs
2156:1880s children's books
1936:Hillside (The Wayside)
1278:10.18061/dsq.v24i1.843
306:Hartford Daily Courant
2076:This article about a
1762:An Old-Fashioned Girl
1422:10.1353/chq.1991.0021
1368:10.1353/uni.1999.0031
1348:Hines, Maude (1999).
1302:Children's Literature
362:An Old-Fashioned Girl
2141:1880 American novels
1941:Thoreau–Alcott House
838:, pp. 374, 376.
592:, pp. 272–273;
372:The Atlantic Monthly
2031:Henry David Thoreau
2026:Nathaniel Hawthorne
2016:Ralph Waldo Emerson
1969:Anna Bronson Alcott
1957:Amos Bronson Alcott
1504:. pp. 14, 73.
1381:The English Journal
1138:, p. 341, 345.
1114:, pp. 350–351.
910:, pp. 380–381.
862:, pp. 377–378.
772:, pp. 333–334.
668:, pp. 326–327.
632:, pp. 275–276.
620:, pp. 272–273.
580:, pp. 302–303.
31:First edition cover
21:
2080:of the 1880s is a
1661:2013-05-18 at the
1651:Literature Network
1547:– via JSTOR.
1403:– via JSTOR.
1343:– via JSTOR.
1314:10.1353/chl.0.0167
1164:, pp. 14, 73.
1078:, p. 346-348.
506:that is entitled "
379:Scribner's Monthly
199:was serialized in
2176:1880s novel stubs
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1987:Samuel Joseph May
1864:Hospital Sketches
1729:Louisa May Alcott
1629:Project Gutenberg
1607:978-3-030-39025-9
1488:978-0-7864-1758-2
1463:978-0-8050-8299-9
1191:978-1-4290-4460-8
254:George Washington
239:the nursery rhyme
211:Frederick Dielman
109:Louisa May Alcott
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1754:Little Women
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1513:. Retrieved
1501:
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132:Little Women
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119:May Nieriker
114:St. Nicholas
112:
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102:
101:
1847:Short works
1172:Works cited
1004:Nelson 1991
968:Dowker 2004
696:, p. 2
666:Cheney 2010
654:Cheney 2010
642:Cheney 2010
630:Reisen 2009
618:Reisen 2009
606:Cheney 2010
594:Cheney 2010
590:Reisen 2009
578:Cheney 2010
566:Cheney 2010
539:Shealy 2004
527:Cheney 2010
489:Adaptations
152:Composition
123:New England
2135:Categories
1926:Fruitlands
1891:Miscellany
1770:Little Men
1515:2024-06-03
1502:HathiTrust
1136:Davis 2011
1124:Davis 2011
1112:Davis 2011
1100:Davis 2011
1088:Davis 2011
1076:Davis 2011
1064:Davis 2011
1052:Hines 1999
1040:Hines 1999
992:Hines 1999
980:Hines 1999
944:Kolba 1984
920:Hines 1999
908:Hines 1999
896:Hines 1999
884:Hines 1999
860:Hines 1999
836:Hines 1999
812:Clark 2004
797:Clark 2004
782:Clark 2004
770:Clark 2004
758:Clark 2004
746:Clark 2004
734:Ullom 1969
722:Stern 1984
718:Ullom 1969
706:Ullom 1969
694:Payne 1980
690:Ullom 1969
678:Ullom 1969
551:Stern 1977
471:John Dewey
455:Disability
445:complexion
425:homosocial
322:Little Men
293:physiology
281:back brace
269:Temperance
225:. In 1948
59:Children's
2096:talk page
1911:(1879-87)
1826:Jo's Boys
1757:(1868-69)
1656:Daily Lit
1287:2159-8371
1205:(1880)".
1028:West 2020
1016:West 2020
956:West 2020
932:West 2020
872:West 2020
848:West 2020
502:based on
464:Education
413:Victorian
299:Reception
289:physician
137:Christmas
65:Publisher
2001:(cousin)
1995:(cousin)
1983:(sister)
1977:(sister)
1965:(mother)
1959:(father)
1882:" (1869)
1659:Archived
1646:LibriVox
1545:30227439
1341:27796204
477:, whose
437:platonic
405:feminist
390:Analysis
309:praised
192:Editions
47:Language
2040:Related
1989:(uncle)
514:Sources
417:tomboys
285:college
166:Concord
50:English
2009:People
1950:Family
1919:Places
1903:(1873)
1875:(1866)
1867:(1863)
1859:(1854)
1829:(1886)
1821:(1879)
1813:(1878)
1805:(1877)
1797:(1876)
1789:(1875)
1781:(1873)
1773:(1871)
1765:(1869)
1749:(1866)
1737:Novels
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1401:817804
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395:Gender
37:Author
1541:JSTOR
1397:JSTOR
1337:JSTOR
1271:(1).
1162:Smith
449:ruddy
441:gypsy
177:Paris
93:Pages
55:Genre
2082:stub
1602:ISBN
1560:ISBN
1483:ISBN
1458:ISBN
1437:ISBN
1283:ISSN
1231:and
1211:ISBN
1186:ISBN
435:and
319:and
303:The
267:The
233:Plot
80:1880
1627:at
1594:doi
1506:hdl
1418:doi
1389:doi
1364:doi
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1273:doi
1248:doi
386:."
369:of
359:or
107:by
96:325
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804:^
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