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began to claim Metis heritage confusing noun with title. Jackie and one of his sons then got a second trial and invoked their ancestral rights. The trial, scheduled to begin in 2002, was repeatedly postponed until 2006. In 2008, Jackie
Vautour announced the discovery of evidence that they had never been legally expropriated. In 2009, he returned to court, defended by lawyer Robert Rideout. His defense is based on the assumption that the inhabitants of the communities liquidated to form Kouchibouguac are MĂ©tis (i.e., they descend from both
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Jackie
Vautour was noticed. Vautour, chairman of the Claire-Fontaine citizens, directed the resistance to park creation. On November 5, 1976, the Kent County sheriff arrived at Claire-Fontaine with an eviction warrant. Vautour's house was demolished while the Vautour family was in jail, and his personal effects were sent to a warehouse. The Vautour family was housed at provincial government expense in a Richibucto motel. They were expelled in March 1977 by the
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they offered him $ 20,670, while he requested $ 150,000. In 1979, he challenged the expropriation in court but the court ruled the expropriation was legal. Two hundred people then rioted in the park, followed by another riot a few weeks later. The riots precipitated the creation of a commission of inquiry, which placed blame on the federal government, granting compensation of $ 1,600,000 to those who were expropriated.
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According to historian Alan MacEachern, the Jackie
Vautour case has changed the history of national parks in Canada and how the land is expropriated. According to Professor MacEachern, Parks Canada has especially focused on opening parks in northern Canada, because there are fewer residents. The law
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and early
European settlers), and therefore his clients have an aboriginal right to harvest clams, according to the Canadian constitution. However the word metis is a french noun used to describe "mixed-race" peoples of native and european ancestry, much like the Spanish noun mestizo. Jackie and the
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During the late 1960s, the issue of expropriation sparked student interest. One of the students, a recent graduate and social activist, was Gilles Thériault, head of the
Southeast Regional Planning Council (an organization funded by the New Brunswick government). The organization was very active and
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invited the
Vautours to his residence to offer an agreement. He offered the family two parcels of land adding up to 110 acres of property and 270 000$ in exchange for their land. The Vautours accepted the money, claiming that the money went towards legal fees. However, they stayed on their land.
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using tear gas. The charges were dropped in July 1978, and the
Vautour family returned to live in the park. In 1978, 600 expropriated residents signed a petition to get back their properties. Several clashes occurred with the police. Vautour refused all offers of land or money from the government:
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In 1998, Jackie
Vautour, his wife Yvonne and their sons Roy and Ron were arrested for illegally harvesting shellfish in the park. In 1999, they were convicted under the Law on National Parks of Canada. They were exonerated on appeal, and were compensated. It was at this moment the Vautour family
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Auguste Landry negotiated the purchase of homes and land by the government. Families received an average of $ 10,000 to $ 12,000 depending on the value of properties. Nearly half accepted the offer. Some of the expropriated residents complained because they received much less than others. The
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to create the park. However, a requirement was that land be expropriated for park creation. The private properties within the future park area were evaluated by professional evaluators working for or hired by the
Department of Natural Resources. When they reported the estimated value of the
248:. The film opened at the International Francophone Film Festival in Acadia in the same year. Zachary Richard, the narrator asks, in a message shown before the screening that governments officially recognize "the injustice that was committed against the dispossessed families".
165:, stated that the original Kouchibouquac estimates were approximately half of those for Camp Gagetown for equivalent properties. The comparison with English-speaking New Brunswickers in Gagetown especially angered Jackie Vautour when he learned of the expropriation.
345:... Anne Howells - 2004 p 191 "There were many examples of conglomerate mining companies engaging in such actions, but the most celebrated example was the refusal by Jackie Vautour to leave his village when the Kouchibouguac National Park in New Brunswick was
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Seven villages were expropriated, comprising 228 families, representing 1200 people. These families, mostly all fishermen and farmers, had inhabited the area for several generations and were mostly poorly educated and less fortunate.
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the
Association for the Preservation of the Eastern Shore.39 Kouchibouguac was established, but its story was hardly one of success.40 Beginning in 1970, the family of Jackie Vautour, one of about 225 families to be dispossessed,
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He was particularly angry that the money offered to families for Kouchibouguac was about half what English-speaking families received for their homes when the military base CFB Gagetown was built on the other side of the
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community in question are not considered part of the Metis nation, nor are they granted metis title to the land under section 35 of the Constitution Act. Kouchibouguac remains on Mi'kmaq unceded territory.
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Annual reunions have been held in the park since 2006. In 2009, historian Ronald Rudin of Concordia University, announced his intent to write a book and develop a website focusing on the park's history.
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was established in 1969 during the expansion of the national parks network in Atlantic Canada. An agreement was signed between the provincial government of Louis Robichaud and the federal government of
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properties to be expropriated, Louis Robichaud decided to cut the total estimate in half. A provincial civil servant, who had been involved in a similar expropriation for military
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met Jackie Vautour for the first time in 1977. He later organized a benefit concert for the expropriated and wrote "La ballade de Jackie Vautour" (The Ballad of Jackie Vautour).
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Jackie Vautour was born in Claire-Fontaine, New Brunswick. He and his wife Yvonne have nine children (Edmond, Roy, Ronny, Rocky, Jeanne, Linda, Simonne, Maureen & Rachelle).
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In 2009, the Canadian government invested $ 1.3 million in the park, especially to showcase its history and dispossessed communities.
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324:... Charles J. Stivale - 2002 p. 181 The expropriation was contested by a group of residents led by Jackie Vautour. While he was
541:[Era of Louis J. Robichaud - Kouchibouguac Park expropriated felt betrayed] (in French). CapAcadie.com. Archived from
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In 1980, Louis Robichaud said that people were "happy to be expropriated". In response, some citizens burned him in effigy.
244:, made in 1982 by Jacques Savoie, recalls the story of Jackie Vautour. In 2007, Jean Bourbonnais directed the documentary
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149:—who was both the MLA for Kent, and the Premier of New Brunswick—sought to eliminate poverty by creating a national park.
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That night, with his wife and nine children in jail with him, Mr. Vautour was told his house had been demolished.
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561:[Jackie Vautour trial postponed] (in French). CapAcadie.com. February 15, 2010. Archived from
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Alan MacEachern - 2001 Natural Selections: National Parks in Atlantic Canada, 1935-1970 - p. 238 "...
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expropriated residents also felt cramped in the new, more expensive, communities where they settled.
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605:[Trial of Jackie Vautour commences] (in French). Radio-Canada. September 25, 2006
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Sign marking the property claimed by Jackie Vautour at Kouchibouguac National Park, 2010
539:"L'ère Louis J. Robichaud - Des expropriés du parc Kouchibouguac se sont sentis trahis"
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485:"Site demo latest chapter in decades.long dispute with Jackie Vautour and family"
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Acadian activist who fought expropriation of land for Kouchibouguac has died
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now prohibits Parks Canada from expropriating residents to create a park.
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374:"Kouchibouguac Park's Controversial Land Expropriation Told in New Book"
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655:[The Ballad of Jackie Vautour] (in French). Archived from
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Disenchanting Les Bons Temps: Identity and Authenticity in Cajun
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Canadian people who self-identify as being of Mi'kmaq descent
102:(1928 – February 7, 2021 ) was a Canadian fisherman, born in
431:"'Rebel of Kouchibouguac' inspired a generation of Acadians"
401:"'Rebel of Kouchibouguac' inspired a generation of Acadians"
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Canadian people who self-identify as being of MĂ©tis descent
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Where are the voices coming from?: Canadian culture and the
286:; published February 7, 2021; retrieved February 8. 2021
145:were among the poorest people of the province, and
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Jackie Vautour with his wife Yvonne Vautour in 2008
259:presented a play telling the expropriation story.
48:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
121:He is nicknamed the "Rebel of Kouchibouguac".
110:on land formerly occupied by eight villages.
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619:"Parks Canada admits pain of expropriations"
188:In 1987, during his last night as Premier,
79:Learn how and when to remove this message
579:"Les artistes et l'affirmation du joual"
510:Boudreau, Alexandre (February 7, 2021).
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723:Deaths from pneumonia in New Brunswick
703:People from Kent County, New Brunswick
603:"Le procès de Jackie Vautour commence"
255:In 2011, the young Acadian playwright
559:"Jackie Vautour - Son procès reporté"
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581:[Artists and the affirmation of
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465:. Ronald Rudin/Concordia University
713:Deaths from liver cancer in Canada
459:"The Many Lives of Jackie Vautour"
429:Mercer, Greg (February 21, 2021).
399:Mercer, Greg (February 21, 2021).
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631:. October 9, 2007. Archived from
537:Dupuis, Justin (June 18, 2010).
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653:"La Ballade de Jackie Vautour"
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514:(in French). Acadie Nouvelle
512:"Jackie Vautour n'est plus"
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