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college team. A fourth session is scheduled for those student-athletes who wish to be trained further for work with younger students in middle and high school.” These workshops are designed to provide spaces for boys to discuss with each other the concept of masculinity and its definition, as well as its relation to gender abuse and violence. Additionally, Katz recognizes the role of those in positions of authority in schools and athletic teams. As his program has grown and evolved, he has included training of selected male and professional staff working in all sectors of schools and colleges.) In this, he is hoping that the top-down approach will provide role models for young and impressionable students and athletes who are looking for good representation. If these school leaders are able to use their positions of authority as positions of good influence, it will perhaps encourage a change in paradigm that will affect all of those in the school or community.
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violence. (Recon, 166) Katz says his initial focus on working with student-athletes stems from the “apathy, defensiveness—and sometimes outright hostility—of male athletic directors, coaches, and student-athletes...men and young men in the…athletic subculture…typically occupy a privileged position in school culture, and particularly in male peer culture.” This is a step towards the bystander approach. By working with boys who typically represented the popular part of school culture, Katz was hoping that these boys would then influence the people around them and in their schools in similar manners. It was important for Katz to ensure that MVP considers male student-athletes as potential mentors for younger kids, able of providing male leadership necessary to stop gender abuse.
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constructed categories, and thus the "disturbing equation of masculinity with pathological control and violence" that currently exists in
America is not genetically predetermined and can be changed. In the "Tough Guise" study guide, co-written with the video producer Jeremy Earp of the Media Education Foundation, Katz underscores his motivation for promoting media literacy: "By looking critically at how institutions – from media outlets to political institutions to our schools – often play a role in reinforcing constricted, regressive notions of manhood that maintain an unacceptably violent status quo, we might begin to clear some space for individuals, male and female, to live freer lives."
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the gender gap in presidential politics affected by men's gendered identities and sense of themselves as men, which itself is reinforced by media discourses and portrayals? How does paid political advertising on television – by far the biggest expenditure of funds in presidential campaigns – shape voters' perceptions of the relative 'manliness' of candidates? What are the similarities and differences between how women and men ascertain whether male political figures measure up to the 'masculine ideal' that is circulating in media culture at a given historical moment? Which mediated (white) masculine styles or archetypes have been politically successful over the past fifty years, and why?"
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coming years, when this historic campaign and those yet to come are analyzed, it will be particularly interesting to see how female and male voters respond to language where a woman throws the 'knockout punch.' Does this masculinize and thus help to make them more credible as potential commanders-in-chief? Or do women who are seen as 'too-aggressive' – even if only in a metaphorical sense – turn voters off? What are the differences between how the sexes view a woman 'throwing punches' if she's a conservative (like Palin) or a liberal feminist (like
Hillary Clinton?)."
343:"The frequent use of boxing and football metaphors in political discourse did not cause violence to become an important force in our politics, but this usage is one measure of how presidential campaigns in the mass media era are less about policy differences and complex political agendas than they are about the selling of a certain kind of executive masculinity, embodied until the historic 2008 election in a particular white man whom the public comes to know largely through television and other technologies of mass communication."
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quantified," Katz writes. "But there is no doubt that for several decades violence—both our individual and collective vulnerability to it, and questions about when and how to use the violent power of the state to protect the 'national interest' — has been an ominous and omnipresent factor in numerous foreign policy and domestic political issues (e.g. the Cold War, Vietnam, the 'War on Terror,' and the invasion of Iraq, as well as gun control, and executive, legislative and judicial responses to violent crime)."
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to intervene physically right at the point of attack, and the other is to do nothing. And that’s a false set of choices.” As part of the MVP program, students sit in a classroom and talk about the menu of options—from getting a group of friends together to calling 911—available to them. At the heart of the program is a set of scenarios that allow students to imagine what they might do in a variety of situations. Each scenario comes with a list of viable interventions for bystanders.
328:"Campaigns for the U.S. presidency in the era of mass media," he wrote, "always turn on the personality and style of candidates, their skills at televisual performance, their race and gender, and how all of these interact with questions of national identity at a given historical moment. The biggest difference this time is that the Democratic nominee will not embody and hence reinforce the dominant position of white masculinity in the race/gender system."
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general populations of high school and college students, and other institutional settings.” This expansion means that the dialogue around gender abuse and gender binaries is spreading throughout schools across the nation. More frank and honest talk about gender abuse will not only remove many of the stigmas from those who are abused, but will also encourage students to act out and speak out in defense of themselves and each other.
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gender prevented people from seeing them as 'presidential.' If there is one thing that truly represents 'change' in this historic election season it is the change in what it means to appear 'presidential.' In the past, whether a candidate was a
Republican or Democrat, conservative, centrist or liberal, their race and gender were predetermined. They were inevitably – and invariably – white and a man.”
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Katz's work on images of masculinity in media extends to his examination of "a crucial but barely explored topic of cultural studies analysis: the role of media culture in the construction of presidential masculinity." Katz posits that "media have become the single most important source of political
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The MVP model originally focused on just male student-athletes. Since, the MVP model has expanded its target audience and educational group to “boys and girls, men and women, working together and in single-sex formats…by the mid-1990s MVP had moved from a near-exclusive focus on the athletic world to
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The bystander programs that have proliferated in recent years on college and high school campuses and in the U.S. military involve both sexes and draw from various violence prevention theories and educational practices. The MVP model was influenced by basic tenets of social justice education. This
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According to Katz, part of being politically media literate means understanding how gender functions as a sub-textual force in presidential politics. He asks questions such as "how does the perceived 'manliness' or 'toughness' of political candidates affect their electoral success? To what degree is
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Katz and his colleagues developed one of the first bystander initiatives, the mixed-gender
Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP) program, in 1993 at Northeastern University's Center for the Study of Sport in Society. “Most people think they only have two choices for intervention,” says Katz. “One is
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In several articles, Katz analyzes and comments on "the pervasive use of sports metaphors in presidential discourse and how the language of sport functions to construct a masculine ideal for leadership at the heights of political power." He points out that "the two most 'metaphorically influential'
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Katz further maintained that, "Presidential contests until now have been contests between men. Men were the gender that mattered. No matter how qualified by intelligence, leadership ability or experience, women were not seriously considered for the top job in government, and everyone knew it. Their
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Katz presented the
Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP) model hoping to put the focus on men to discontinue trends of violent masculinity through creating a model that would invite men into the critical dialogue, instead of painting them as perpetrators or potential perpetrators. Katz realized that
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In 2009, after an alleged gang rape in
Richmond, California where two dozen teenagers watched and did nothing, Newsweek online reported that, "a small but growing group of educators is trying to bring what's called 'bystander education' to American schools. While sexual violence prevention programs
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Katz's model generally revolves around simulation and role-playing, as well as large discussion-based group meetings both consisting same-sex and different-sex students. As a part of his college initiative, his MVP model involves “holding three 90-minute sessions each year with each participating
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According to
Newsweek, research is still needed to determine the effectiveness of bystander-awareness programs in schools, but the initial results are promising. One study found that after the Sioux City School District in Iowa implemented the MVP program, the number of freshman boys who said they
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Katz advocates the bystander approach to gender violence and bullying prevention. Instead of focusing on women as victims and men as perpetrators of harassment, abuse or violence, the bystander approach concentrates on the role of peers in schools, groups, teams, workplaces and other social units.
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Katz also comments on implications for female candidates. He writes, "One of 2008 Republican vice-presidential nominee Sarah Palin's most-quoted lines on the campaign trail in the fall of 2008 was 'The heels are on, the gloves are off,' which she typically delivered to wild cheers of approval. In
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The MVP bystander approach frames men's abuse of women as a societal problem whose roots lie in the institutional structures and cultural practices of a male-dominated society. Thus, the MVP approach emphasizes changing social norms as the key to prevention. By challenging men to speak up and “
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Katz publishes articles in academic journals, anthologies, and text readers on topics such as the intersections of race and gender in the representation of masculinity, advertising, secondary educational leadership, right-wing talk radio, Mel Gibson, athletes and gender violence, media discourse
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Katz currently is a paid consultant to the U.S. Air Force bystander intervention training and also acts as director of the first global gender violence prevention program in the U.S. Marine Corps. Katz and his colleagues have also conducted trainings for the U.S. Army in Iraq, and MVP has been
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and other political observers who decried the media focus on race and gender when other crucial issues loomed. "Presidential elections are always about race and gender. The reason people are talking about them now is that a black man and a (white) woman are serious contenders for a major party
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In his writings, public lectures, and films, Katz argues that gendered understandings and behavior in every arena from interpersonal relationships to the workplace and even politics are influenced by media and popular culture. Focusing on normative portrayals of men in advertising, television,
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For Katz, violence also plays an important role in shaping political discourse and in the voters' choice of whom to support for president. "How much of the white male vote is determined by impressions about the relative 'manliness' or 'toughness' of candidates or political parties hasn’t been
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Katz further maintains that in spite of variability due to such categories as class, race and ethnicity, "violence in
America is overwhelmingly a gendered phenomenon," shaped by "cultural codes and ideals of masculinity and manhood." He argues that "masculinity" and "femininity" are socially
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The original MVP model was created as workshops for all-male student athletes; Katz hoped that by working with male student athletes, they could help to stop the spread of ‘rape-supportive’ and ‘battering-supportive’ attitudes by speaking out against the masculine binary that supports gender
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Hollywood films, the entertainment industries, sports, and politics, Katz calls for an examination of "the poses we strike and the images of masculinity that proliferate in media culture" as a way to "illuminate... what's going on in individual men's lives, and in our culture as a whole."
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1997, distributes gender violence prevention training materials to U.S. school districts, municipalities, human service programs, corporations, law enforcement agencies, and military services. Katz has personally lectured at many such organizations as well, and has appeared on
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have typically focused on the victim (discouraging women from walking alone at night, for example) or the perpetrator (reiterating the fact that no means no), the bystander approach emphasizes the role witnesses can play in either supporting or challenging violence."
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group dynamics in male peer culture,”this bystander model empowers men to step outside of the victim/perpetrator binary and gives men an opportunity to talk about some of the “dynamics of their interpersonal and group interaction in a safe space.”
101:(born May 7, 1960) is an American educator, filmmaker, and author. He has created a gender violence prevention and education program entitled 'Mentors in Violence Prevention', which is used by U.S. military and various sporting organizations.
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Katz, Jackson, H. Alan
Heisterkamp, and Wm. Michael Fleming. "The Social Justice Roots of the Mentors in Violence Prevention Model and Its Application in a High School Setting." Violence Against Women 17.6 (2011):
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sports in presidential campaign rhetoric are boxing and football... not coincidentally, both are violent sports that attract a disproportionate percentage of male participants and fans."
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there was a frustrating lack of inclusion of men and boys in the gender violence discussion, prompting him to create an education model that was inclusive to men and boys.
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approach is partly based on the premise that men's silence in the face of other men's abusive or violent behavior gives "implicit consent" to such behavior.
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Katz, Jackson. "Reconstructing
Masculinity in the Locker Room: the Mentors in Violence Prevention Project." Harvard Educational Review 65.2 (1995): 170.
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Katz, Jackson. "Reconstructing Masculinity in the Locker Room: the Mentors in Violence Prevention Project." Harvard Educational Review 65.2 (1995): 167.
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Katz, Jackson. "Reconstructing Masculinity in the Locker Room: the Mentors in Violence Prevention Project." Harvard Educational Review 65.2 (1995): 166.
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1152:"Manhood on the Mat: The problem is not that pro wrestling makes boys violent. The real lesson of the wildly popular pseudo-sport is more insidious"
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Katz is the creator of educational videos for high school and college students produced and distributed through the Media Education Foundation:
212:." His consultative role ranges has ranged from the World Health Organization to The Liz Claiborne Company. In March 2000, Secretary of Defense
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Katz, Jackson (2015), "Engaging men in prevention of violence against women", in Johnson, Holly; Fisher, Bonnie S.; Jaquier, Véronique (eds.),
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187:'s Center for the Study of Sport in Society. MVP has been implemented by college athletic programs, professional teams (including the
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information and persuasion," and that "education for democracy in this era requires citizens to be media literate."
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Katz, Jackson (1995). "Reconstructing Masculinity in the Locker Room: The Mentors in Violence Prevention Project".
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Monahan, John J. (October 3, 2000). "Men are urged to work against abuse of women; Issue in forefront this month".
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Katz, Jackson (2010), "Advertising and the construction of violent white masculinity: from BMWs to Bud Light", in
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Donnis, Ian (27 October 1996). "MVP program encourages men to join the battle; Athletes targeted as role models".
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Mentors In Violence Prevention (MVP) at the Center for the Study of Sport in Society at Northeastern University
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Reintjes, Stephanie (15 May 2007). "WCI welcomes an international icon; Woodstock Collegiate Institute".
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Robb, Christina (17 October 1990). "Sharing the burden of abuse; Men take steps against male violence".
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376:(2002) (with Sut Jhally). The video analyzes the gender and sexual politics of professional wrestling.
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Katz, Jackson (2009). "Politics is a Contact Sport". In Hammer, Rhonda; Kellner, Douglas (eds.).
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about violence, masculinities and violence, presidential masculinities, and Jewish masculinity.
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nomination. Their success is making visible what historically has been hidden in plain sight."
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From 1988 to 1998, Katz oversaw Real Men, a grass-roots organization against sexism in Boston.
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Critical issues on violence against women: international perspectives and promising strategies
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Lecturer Jackson Katz brings gender violence prevention message to NASP | ABC News, 20/20
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New Defense Department domestic violence task force conducts an extensive program review.
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1185:"Advertising and The Construction of Violent White Masculinity: From Eminem to Clinique"
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Man Enough? Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton, and the Politics of Presidential Masculinity
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220:'s Task Force on Domestic Violence in the Military, where he served from 2000-2003.
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Katz, Jackson. "MVP Strategies." MVP Strategies. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. <
583:"Student-athletes learn to be leaders in promoting respectful, nonviolent behavior"
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962:(II ed.), Arlington, Virginia: Defense Task Force on Domestic Violence, 2003
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Gordon, Ronni (April 17, 2007). "UMass grad, 3 others lauded The Republican".
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366:). The video was named one of the Top Ten Young Adult Videos for 2000 by the
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could help prevent violence against women and girls increased by 50 percent.
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Gatz, Margaret; Messner, Michael A.; Ball-Rokeach, Sandra, eds. (2002).
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Be a man; guests discuss what it's like to be a man in today's world
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The Macho Paradox: Why Some Men Hurt Women and How All Men Can Help
1564:"Tough Guise 2: Violence, Manhood & American Culture (trailer)"
851:"Domestic violence expert says men must 'step up' to prevent abuse"
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The Macho Paradox: Why Some Men Hurt Women and How All Men Can Help
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Tough Guise: Men, Violence and the Crisis in Masculinity (trailer)
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UCLA Graduate School of Education and Information Studies alumni
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Wrestling with Manhood: Boys, Bullying & Battering (trailer)
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Defense Task Force on Domestic Violence, Third year report 2003.
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Katz co-founded Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP) in 1993 at
1193:(2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. pp.
993:"Bystanders No More: Teaching Kids to Respond to Violent Crime"
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517:"The Rhetorical Shaping of Gender: Men's Movements in America"
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1426:"The Hidden Race and Gender Factor in Presidential Campaigns"
1364:"Violence, Media & The Crisis In Masculinity Study Guide"
1303:"Violence, Media & The Crisis In Masculinity Study Guide"
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695:"Speaker at Chico State says violence, culture may be linked"
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195:), NASCAR, and the United States Marine Corps. The related
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Defense Task Force on Domestic Violence, Third Year Report
642:"Noted male activist will speak about 'The Macho Paradox'"
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He is also featured in such documentaries as Byron Hurt's
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For Men in Gender, Race and Class in Media: A Text Reader
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Tough Guise: Men, Violence and the Crisis in Masculinity
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1254:"Men, Media and Masculinities: Some Introductory Notes"
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Tough Guise 2: Violence, Manhood & American Culture
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Wrestling with Manhood: Boys, Bullying & Battering
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Violence & Silence: Jackson Katz at TEDxFiDiWomen
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Barrett, Damian (8 June 2006). "CEOs meet on abuse".
560:. Albany: State University of New York. p. 243.
152:, and a Ph.D. in cultural studies and education from
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American educator, filmmaker, and author (born 1960)
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Defense Task Force on Domestic Violence 2003 Report
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Defense Task Force on Domestic Violence 2002 Report
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Defense Task Force on Domestic Violence 2001 Report
912:, Pensacola, FL: Pensacola News Journal, p. 7A
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1666:Gender, race and class in media: a critical reader
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524:Gendered Lives: Communication, Gender, and Culture
1723:“10 Things Men Can Do to Prevent Gender Violence”
1552:Spin the Bottle: Sex, Lies, and Alcohol (trailer)
124:on the representation of men and women in media.
1150:Katz, Jackson; Jhally, Sut (February 13, 2000).
723:"At Annual March, Women Recount Horrors Of Rape"
1516:"Selected DVD's & Videos for Young Adults"
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1220:"When You're Asked About the Kobe Bryant Case"
1187:. In Dines, Gail; Humez, Jean McMahon (eds.).
1464:"Sports Metaphors in Politics: Time to Punt?"
455:was released in paperback on March 15, 2016.
407:Generation M: Misogyny in Media & Culture
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1787:Harvard Graduate School of Education alumni
1638:Media/Cultural Studies: Critical Approaches
1263:research report. p. 16. Archived from
224:piloted around the world by the U.S. Navy.
1802:University of Massachusetts Amherst alumni
1762:Article from US1 newspaper dated 12/3/2008
318:Democratic presidential nomination in 2008
262:Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP) Model
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1520:Young Adult Library Services Association
1369:. Media Education Foundation. p. 5.
1111:http://www.jacksonkatz.com/aboutmvp.html
991:Cornblatt, Johannah (October 30, 2009).
910:Crossing the line | ABC News, 20/20
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148:, Katz holds a master's degree from the
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751:"Former athlete targets women's issues"
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380:Spin the Bottle: Sex, Lies, and Alcohol
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882:Mentors in Violence Prevention Website
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1792:People from Swampscott, Massachusetts
823:"Athletes Face Scrutiny For Violence"
749:Olkowski, Leigh A. (March 23, 1993).
693:Mitchell, Larry (November 14, 2009).
66:University of California, Los Angeles
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1362:Earp, Jeremy; Katz, Jackson (1999).
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1301:Earp, Jeremy; Katz, Jackson (1999).
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908:Robert, Deborah (20 November 1997),
893:Winfrey, Oprah (23 September 2002),
150:Harvard Graduate School of Education
1752:Jackson Katz at The Huffington Post
1602:10.17763/haer.65.2.55533188520136u1
1424:Katz, Jackson (February 26, 2008).
1319:Katz, Jackson (December 17, 2007).
794:"Red Sox campaign against violence"
146:University of Massachusetts-Amherst
51:University of Massachusetts Amherst
1321:"Dennis Kucinich Endorses Hustler"
14:
1812:Film producers from Massachusetts
1469:. VoiceMale Magazine. p. 15.
526:(8th ed.). Belmont, Calif.:
821:Diaz, George (January 3, 2003).
721:Chuang, Angie (April 14, 1999).
680:Worcester Telegram & Gazette
581:Koenig, Seth (January 9, 2013).
501:Worcester Telegram & Gazette
402:Hip Hop: Beyond Beats and Rhymes
283:Media literacy and masculinities
1832:HuffPost writers and columnists
1718:Jackson Katz's official website
849:Kremer, Lisa (April 20, 2004).
923:O’Connor, Mike (8 June 2007),
775:Mentors in Violence Prevention
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1462:Katz, Jackson (Winter 2009).
1308:. Media Education Foundation.
1252:Katz, Jackson (Spring 1999).
859:. p. E01. Archived from
647:Pennsylvania State University
458:Katz currently blogs for the
132:Katz is a former high school
1669:(3rd ed.), California:
1160:. p. E1. Archived from
557:Paradoxes of Youth and Sport
368:American Library Association
140:. The first man to minor in
1261:Wellesley Centers for Women
160:. He has collaborated with
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1589:Harvard Educational Review
897:, Chicago, IL: Harpo, Inc.
799:Spartanburg Herald-Journal
667:. p. 81 City Edition.
296:Presidential masculinities
91:http://www.jacksonkatz.com
1663:; Humez, Jean M. (eds.),
628:Woodstock Sentinel-Review
218:U.S. Secretary of Defense
138:Swampscott, Massachusetts
116:, with an added focus on
308:In an article about the
156:, where he studied with
1822:American male feminists
700:Chico Enterprise-Record
515:Wood, Julia T. (2008).
404:(2007), Thomas Keith's
396:and masculine violence.
185:Northeastern University
104:Katz's work centers on
1797:Social constructionism
1609:Katz, Jackson (2006).
1183:Katz, Jackson (2003).
412:Jennifer Siebel Newsom
206:The Oprah Winfrey Show
120:. He has made several
216:appointed him to the
755:Ludington Daily News
650:. November 16, 2007.
320:, Katz responded to
202:Good Morning America
189:New England Patriots
1414:, p. 539, 543.
1270:on October 21, 2012
530:. pp. 82–103.
417:Miss Representation
392:The video examines
1827:American feminists
1230:on August 10, 2011
802:. January 11, 2005
780:2004-08-19 at the
233:Bystander approach
55:Harvard University
1651:978-0-8204-9526-2
1628:978-1-4022-0401-2
1204:978-0-7619-2260-5
863:on April 11, 2013
588:Bangor Daily News
567:978-0-7914-5323-0
537:978-1-4282-2995-2
442:978-1-4022-0401-2
394:toxic masculinity
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1619:Sourcebooks
39:May 7, 1960
1776:Categories
1642:Peter Lang
612:Herald Sun
466:References
436:, (2006),
364:Sut Jhally
170:Byron Hurt
166:Sut Jhally
128:Background
35:1960-05-07
1526:March 29,
1492:Katz 2009
1480:Katz 2009
1450:Katz 2009
1435:March 29,
1412:Katz 2009
1395:Katz 2009
1380:Katz 2009
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1330:March 29,
1289:Katz 2009
1234:April 30,
1168:April 30,
1085:Katz 2006
1073:Katz 2006
1061:Katz 2006
1049:Katz 1995
1034:Katz 1995
1022:Katz 2006
1002:April 30,
867:March 29,
834:March 29,
806:March 29,
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706:March 29,
594:March 29,
228:Key ideas
1274:April 3,
1097:684-686.
778:Archived
424:Writings
420:(2011).
134:football
106:violence
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1569:YouTube
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322:pundits
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110:media
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