880:, Archbishop of Lyon and president of the French Episcopal Conference, invited Gaillot to attend a national ecumenical service in Lyon on 14 May alongside other senior members of the French hierarchy. Billé said the invitation came from the bishops as a group: "It is important that Catholics, and public opinion in general, are aware that the communion that links us as brothers is real, even when it is lived out in a special fashion. What happened five years ago remains a wound even for those who don't necessarily share Mgr Gaillot's opinions." There was no indication that the pope or anyone in the
714:
injustice, violence, the sale of weapons, and managed famines without being considered a meddler in politics. I dreamed of being able to live my faith within the church, but also in society, in my time and with my times. I dreamed of the freedom to think and express myself, to debate and criticize, without fear of the guillotine. I dreamed of being different within the unity of faith, and remaining myself, alone and yet in solidarity with others. Ultimately, I hoped to be able to proclaim a Gospel of freedom without being marginalized.
44:
826:, a controversial Iranian political activist. Gaillot strongly criticized the actions of some extremist religious leaders in Iran, going on to comment that “One must not forget that the strength of truth will make it triumphant. Darkness will give way and truth will prevail despite all the lies and ruses”. Rajavi publicly thanked the bishop and expressed that his support had been very effective in promoting the cause of the Iran resistance.
464:, he caused considerable tension with the French bishops' conference, the situation being exacerbated by the fact that in speaking to the media about the session, Gaillot had violated convention regarding assembly conclaves. He later defended his previous actions, remarking that "I never broke the vow of celibacy ... I only questioned it. But that's worse." Also that year, Gaillot took the unprecedented step for a
202:
436:, a move that attracted criticism. Further, in the same year, he also announced that the French Bishops "remain too preoccupied by the correct functioning of the church and its structures." This only ensured that the responses to Gaillot when he later attacked the right-wing French political party, the
713:
I had a dream: to be able to accompany the poor, the excluded, the ignored, without having to explain myself or justify myself to the rich, the secure, or the comfortable. To be able to go where distress calls me without having to give advance notice. To be able to show my indignation at destitution,
670:
Polls taken at the time consistently revealed the French public to be against the punishment brought upon
Gaillot. One CSA survey showed that total of 64 percent of the public was against the firing of Jacques Gaillot as bishop of Évreux, with only 11 percent approving of his firing and the remaining
666:
The decision to remove
Gaillot as ordinary of Évreux was widely seen as a mistake by both lay people and clergy, and also by many non-religious people who had come to view Gaillot favorably. After his removal, a reported forty thousand people wrote letters to the cathedral office at Évreux, with more
455:
In 1988, during a closed-door session of the annual assembly of the French episcopate in
Lourdes, he advocated the ordination of married men to the priesthood. After the proceedings had finished Gaillot spoke to the press about the discussions held and also promoted his own viewpoints. By promoting a
543:
Toward late 1989, he made a conciliatory gesture by signing a promise of "loyalty" and "docility" to the papal authority. A week later, Gaillot appeared on television and spoke of the "feeble state of internal debate in the church" and express disappointment that progress had not been made since the
734:
Gaillot remained active as a pastor to the excluded. He also travelled throughout France and also internationally, spreading the word of the
Christian Gospel and defending those who are considered "outcasts" (namely immigrants). He was an avid anti-war protester and is considered by many to be a
658:
This removal sparked an emotional response from thousands of people across France and the rest of the world. Twenty thousand people gathered outside the cathedral in Évreux when he offered his last Mass there on 22 January. Four French bishops demonstrated their support by attending the service,
638:
Gantin summoned
Gaillot to a meeting at the Vatican on 13 January 1995 and offered the choice of resigning his see or being removed from his office. Gaillot returned to France and issued a statement that said: "I was asked to hand in my resignation, which I thought I had good reasons to refuse."
609:
and
Gaillot's superior as metropolitan archbishop of Rouen, wrote to Gaillot: "For all to see you are in solidarity with Drewermann. But how do you show your solidarity with us, your fellow episcopal brothers and the Pope? Are you aware that your position is unsustainable? The distance from your
617:
Gaillot was the target of a bitter campaign to disparage his name. Unsubstantiated allegations of homosexuality, racism, anti-Semitism, and psychosis and neurosis were made by highly placed authorities in the French hierarchy. Gaillot responded by calling Duval an "ayatollah" seeking to impose
686:
were "visibly troubled" by the
Vatican's action. Duval released a statement that said: "I pleaded for patience in Rome." Duval later said that he "regretted" what Rome had done and called it "an authoritarian act which cannot be accepted by society, even if it is carried out by the Church."
368:, Bishop of Langres. In his first Easter message he wrote: "I'm not here to convince the convinced or take care of the well. I'm here to support the ill and offer a hand to the lost. Does a bishop remain in his cathedral or does he go into the street? ... I made my choice."
667:
being sent to the
Vatican and eminent prelates. He was perceived favorably by a significant number of people, particularly due to his ministry to all people without distinction. In addition, he had become a national figure after the sanctions taken against him.
427:
militant from Évreux sentenced to four years in prison by the South
African régime. There he also appeared at a demonstration where some Communist militants were also demonstrating. In order to accomplish this trip, he had to renounce going with the diocesan
540:, a publication known for its explicit sexual content. He also gave interviews to leading gay magazines and criticized his peers as incompetent to judge the circumstances of gays and lesbians. Gaillot offered to resign but the Vatican did not respond.
610:
brothers in the episcopate that you emphasize makes us suffer and has become a scandal for many
Catholics." Gaillot at one point offered to resign, but withdrew his offer, fearing that the Vatican might resolve his case as it had that of Archbishop
383:
on the grounds that it did not contribute to the relief of the destitute or promote peace. During the annual assembly of the French episcopate, he was one of two bishops (of a total of 110) who voted against a text which supported
754:
conference in Detroit as one of the keynote speakers. He held three sessions, proving to be popular despite speaking through a translator. He hosted the conference alongside other controversial Catholic theologians including
731:. Since then he had shown similar solidarity with the homeless. Bishop Gaillot continued to defend human rights and engage in activism, regularly publishing information about his activities on the website of Parthenia.
440:, were even stronger. Also in 1987, Gaillot traveled to Athens to show solidarity with Palestinian refugees. Perhaps the most notable event he performed in 1987 was attending, by invitation, a special session of the
269:
removed him as head of his diocese because he publicly expressed controversial and heterodox positions on religious, political, and social matters. These views earned Gaillot the popular nickname "the Red Cleric."
1330:
659:
where Gaillot said: "This should be a Church of the marginalised, not a Church that marginalises." The crowd stayed on the streets protesting the Vatican's decision. Protestors united under the leadership of the
249:
891:
in his Vatican City residence for 45 minutes. Gaillot said the pontiff encouraged him to continue his activism on behalf of migrants and refugees. After the meeting, Gaillot said he was "in love" with Francis.
335:
In 1973, he was assigned to the parish of St Dizier in his hometown and became co-manager of the institute for the training of seminary instructors in Paris. In 1977, he was appointed vicar general of the
1384:
900:
Gaillot moved to a retirement home in Paris in November 2022. He died in Paris on 12 April 2023, at the age of 87. He suffered from pancreatic cancer and had been hospitalized a week earlier.
1190:
698:, defended Gaillot and called his removal "a wound for our church... a source of misunderstanding for the poor and for all those who seek the truth and who put their trust in the church."
1911:
2032:
1788:
398:
In January 1985, Gaillot drew sustained media attention for the first time when he signed an appeal on behalf of underpaid Catholic school teachers; also signing the appeal was
2224:
829:
Gaillot also took the position as a well-known public figure in France, fighting for a number of causes; Gaillot served as the co-chairman of one of France's foremost
639:
Having refused to resign, he was removed and denied the use of the title "bishop emeritus". As all bishops need to be assigned to a see (diocese), he was assigned the
674:
Reactions from other French bishops varied. No French bishop expressed public support for Gaillot, but the spokesperson for the hierarchy reported that both Cardinal
424:
2214:
766:
Free of responsibility for a functioning diocese, Gaillot became even more daring in his activism. In July 1995, Gaillot engaged in protests against French
1392:
1836:
2025:
1200:
2040:
679:
887:
On 1 September 2015, shortly before his 80th birthday, Gaillot, accompanied by Daniel Duigou, a priest and former journalist, met privately with
2239:
2229:
1666:
663:
mayor of the region and marched through the streets in the rain. Although still a bishop he left his cross, mitre and staff behind in Évreux.
1306:
1271:
812:
691:
406:. In response, conservatives in Gaillot's diocese described him as "a tool of the church's worst enemies", while the right-leaning newspaper
1815:
936:
2234:
2132:
361:
85:
2005:
1990:
1975:
1762:
1423:
2209:
2204:
1524:
1365:
1236:
1039:
587:
337:
1068:
606:
511:
313:. From 1960 to 1962 he completed his studies in theology in Rome, earning a bachelor's degree. He was ordained a priest in 1961.
2244:
1885:
2072:
1938:
1862:
1671:
1720:
563:. By the end of 1991, the French Bishops' Conference had censured Gaillot three times, most recently for his intervention in
792:, part of a fleet of protest ships, he was removed from the ship along with its other protestors and journalists by French
534:, to the extent that the members of the episcopate voted to censure him after Gaillot gave an interview to the publication
2219:
2048:
531:
671:
25 percent being undecided. Some later polls showed that support for Gaillot might even have been as high as 75 percent.
1465:
2199:
1541:
2060:
1571:
1546:
491:
209:
793:
623:
365:
129:
701:
By the time he left his position in Évreux, he had visited more prisons than any bishop in France's history.
527:
that Gaillot "has the merit of saying out loud what many people in authority in the church think deep down".
618:"ideological uniformity" within the French Bishops Conference. He compared the leadership style of Cardinal
437:
321:
2122:
976:
788:
727:
After leaving the Bishop's Palace, Gaillot immediately moved in with illegal squatters in Paris' infamous
568:
545:
499:
484:
403:
372:
345:
329:
278:
35:
884:
was involved. Gaillot accepted, writing that he was "happy to demonstrate my communion with the Church".
864:
A book he wrote shortly after his removal from Évreux was published in 1996 in an English translation as
1640:
1165:
1156:
1003:
158:
2105:
834:
2194:
2189:
877:
103:
597:
On 12 April 1994, Gaillot appeared on television in a discussion with dissident Catholic theologian
2112:
1098:
775:
728:
675:
391:
In 1984, Gaillot declined to join large-scale Church-led public demonstrations in favour of French
376:
262:
1331:"Au Panthéon M. François Mitterrand préside un hommage à l'abbé Grégoire, à Monge et à Condorcet"
611:
385:
214:
944:
495:
472:
in a "service of welcoming," after the couple requested it in view of their imminent death from
2001:
1986:
1971:
1716:
1520:
1516:
1490:
1419:
1361:
1312:
1302:
1277:
1267:
1242:
1232:
1045:
1035:
804:
695:
644:
503:
457:
357:
266:
847:
In 2007 Gaillot expanded his use of the internet by posting a video interview on the website
1737:
779:
760:
598:
480:
399:
392:
807:
forbade his participation in a conference in Rome about religion and homosexuals. Cardinal
1575:
1439:
816:
808:
767:
619:
490:
Gaillot also participated in the ceremony of the transfer of the ashes of the late bishop
224:
57:
43:
971:
839:
498:, a necropolis for the great men of France. Grégoire had been instrumental in the first
1504:
914:
909:
751:
740:
591:
465:
441:
413:
258:
2033:"Bishop moved from highways to byways: storm follows Gaillot's option for the margins"
1968:
Die Welt schreit auf, die Kirche flĂĽstert. Jacques Gaillot, ein Bischof fordert heraus
1076:
2183:
1615:
1509:
868:. It is a largely autobiographical discussion of the events surrounding his removal.
823:
771:
445:
1698:
2092:
2076:
1675:
1672:"Maryam Rajavi, President - Elect of the Iranian Resistance - MGR. Jacques Gaillot"
1589:
888:
849:
830:
683:
602:
469:
420:
341:
310:
294:
154:
756:
1912:"Jacques Gaillot, ancien Ă©vĂŞque et figure contestataire de l'Ă©piscopat, est mort"
1029:
1169:
881:
640:
583:
518:
449:
301:, on 11 September 1935. After his secondary studies, he entered the seminary in
298:
274:
2052:
1316:
783:
507:
429:
1281:
1150:
1246:
1049:
736:
660:
408:
328:, where he chaired sessions for the implementation of the principles of the
1296:
803:
Twice bishops prohibited Gaillot from speaking in their dioceses. In 2000,
747:
709:
After being removed from his position as prelate of Évreux, Gaillot wrote:
201:
1261:
281:. His online ministry to dissidents in the Catholic Church under the name
2139:
2064:
1820:
1568:
1226:
1195:
854:
552:
523:
380:
285:
has since been described as the Catholic Church's first virtual diocese.
67:
506:. The hierarchy of the Catholic Church had refused to give him the last
412:
spearheaded a campaign against him. Also in 1985, Gaillot supported the
461:
433:
306:
302:
1031:
From one medium to another: communicating the Bible through multimedia
858:
514:. Gaillot was the only French bishop participating in this ceremony.
316:
From 1962 to 1964, he studied at the Higher Institute for Liturgy in
305:. From 1957 to 1959, he performed his compulsory military service in
234:
324:. Beginning in 1965, he was a professor at the regional seminary of
502:, and the end of discrimination against Blacks and Jews during the
1863:"Kirchenkritiker und Bischof Jacques Gaillot stirbt mit 87 Jahren"
800:
sailed within the exclusion zone, and escorted back to the atoll.
627:
614:
in 1987 by appointing an auxiliary bishop with special authority.
564:
557:
Open letter to those who preach war, but let it be waged by others
325:
317:
175:
2015:. Harmattan 17 October 2012, Kindle Edition, ASIN B00814BKFQ (fr)
1385:"Pasqua ne s'est pas "immiscé" dans la révocation de Mgr Gaillot"
1837:"Mgr Jacques Gaillot à Rome : miséricorde jusqu'à Partenia"
1715:. Translated by Joseph Cunneen; Leon King. New York: Crossroad.
1151:"Provocateur or prophet? The French church & Bishop Gaillot"
582:) was published in March 1994. It criticized the French laws on
560:
473:
2084:
1865:(in German). Catholic Media Center (Switzerland). 13 April 2023
650:
The Church named two bishops to stay in contact with Gaillot.
536:
1225:
Smith, William (1997). "The Church". In Perry, Sheila (ed.).
2061:"Bishop Gaillot's speech at the Call to Action Conference"
1263:
Farewell, Revolution: disputed legacies: France, 1789/1989
1886:"Mort de Jacques Gaillot, « l'évêque rebelle »"
364:. He received his episcopal consecration on 20 June from
483:
organized by the peace movement, asking for the end to
1816:"Le pape François à Mgr Gaillot: "Nous sommes frères""
1713:
Voice from the Desert: A Bishop's Cry for a New Church
1511:
His Holiness: John Paul II and the History of our Time
866:
Voice from the Desert: A Bishop's Cry for a New Church
395:
and signed petitions in favour of secular education.
1998:
Guy Riobé, Jacques Gaillot : Portraits croisés
1789:"Échange de lettres entre Mgr Billé et Mgr Gaillot"
230:
220:
208:
186:
165:
140:
135:
122:
114:
109:
99:
91:
81:
73:
63:
53:
23:
1939:"Jacques Gaillot, l'évêque qui prenait la liberté"
1508:
1466:"French 'rebel bishop' Jacques Gaillot dies at 87"
1149:
853:, attempting to bring attention to the escalating
257:; 11 September 1935 – 12 April 2023) was a French
1266:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p. 128.
1034:. Kansas City, MO: Sheed & Ward. p. 4.
1414:Drewermann, Eugen (1997). Eicher, Peter (ed.).
1028:Soukup, Paul A.; Hodgson, Robert, eds. (1997).
711:
1004:"The bishops who've never seen their dioceses"
1763:"Monseigneur Gaillot revient parmi les siens"
1416:Jacques Gaillot, Der Traum von Menschlichkeit
1298:Les catholiques en France de 1789 Ă nos jours
8:
1440:"Bishop Jacques Jean Edmond Georges Gaillot"
1391:(in French). 24 January 1995. Archived from
972:"Bishop Jacques Jean Edmond Georges Gaillot"
479:In 1989, Galliot participated in a trip to
2225:Founders of Catholic religious communities
2099:
1588:Aiken, Bob; Cooper, Doug (7 August 1995).
1199:(in French). 16 April 1983. Archived from
1191:"Dix-huit mois de prison pour un insoumis"
966:
964:
962:
183:
42:
20:
2026:Biographical article about Bishop Gaillot
2013:A nous la parole : Partenia, dix ans
1542:"Protests follow French bishop's removal"
1379:
1377:
746:In 1995, after his removal as Bishop of
510:because of Grégoire's acceptance of the
1590:"Protesters Say 'No Nukes In Pacific!'"
1143:
1141:
937:"Deposed Bishop Invents Online Diocese"
925:
739:. Gaillot had a strong friendship with
2093:"Official site of the See of Partenia"
1835:Maillard, SĂ©bastien (31 August 2015).
1814:Cordelier, JĂ©rĂ´me (1 September 2015).
1667:National Council of Resistance of Iran
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
872:Reconciliation with Church authorities
844:' (Rights First), among other groups.
371:In 1983, Gaillot publicly supported a
265:in France from 1982 to 1995. In 1995,
261:clergyman and social activist. He was
1884:Lesegratain, Claire (12 April 2023).
1063:
1061:
1059:
822:Also in 2004 Bishop Gaillot met with
815:prohibited Gaillot from addressing a
273:From 1995, Gaillot was bishop of the
7:
2215:Dissident Roman Catholic theologians
2031:Farrell, Michael J. (14 July 1995).
1220:
1218:
1106:. Vol. LXXIV. 1982. p. 805
997:
995:
931:
929:
320:and taught at the major seminary in
1738:"Disgraced bishop is welcomed back"
1148:Englund, Stephen (6 October 1995).
630:, the East German security police.
559:. He also condemned the embargo on
2000:. Desclée de Brouwer, 1 May 1996,
1301:(in French). Paris: Albin Michel.
375:in Évreux who declined to perform
16:French Catholic bishop (1935–2023)
14:
1983:Jacques Gaillot : Biographie
1937:Lindell, Henrik (14 April 2023).
1540:Skinner, John (27 January 1995).
1358:Coup de gueule contre l'exclusion
580:Coup de gueule contre l'exclusion
2085:"Official site of Droits Devant"
1418:(in German). Kösel. p. 91.
512:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
200:
2073:"Interview with Bishop Gaillot"
1464:Heneghan, Tom (17 April 2023).
1002:Donovan, Ned (4 October 2018).
943:. 26 April 1996. Archived from
72:
2049:"Biography of Jacques Gaillot"
1910:Tancq, Henri (12 April 2023).
1228:Aspects of contemporary France
1069:"Biography of Jacques Gaillot"
1:
2240:French human rights activists
2230:French Roman Catholic priests
2133:José Luis Lacunza Maestrojuán
1736:Webster, Paul (13 May 2000).
1641:"German cardinal gags bishop"
1616:"Bishop's Gay Conference Ban"
1614:Willey, David (2 July 2000).
1337:(in French). 13 December 1989
86:José Luis Lacunza Maestrojuán
1699:Darfur: conscience awakening
607:Bishops Conference of France
293:Jacques Gaillot was born in
2075:(Interview). Archived from
2051:(in French). Archived from
1645:Catholic Leader (Australia)
555:, publishing a book called
36:Titular Bishop of Parthenia
2261:
2235:French Christian pacifists
2162:Chairman of Droits Devant
2140:Titular Bishop of Partenia
2037:National Catholic Reporter
1795:(in French). 10 April 2013
1547:National Catholic Reporter
1260:Kaplan, Steven L. (1995).
601:. On 14 April, Archbishop
532:French Bishops' Conference
414:First Palestinian Intifada
2167:
2160:
2154:
2146:
2137:
2129:
2119:
2110:
2102:
1970:. Herder, Freiburg 1993,
1711:Gaillot, Jacques (1996).
1356:Gaillot, Jacques (1994).
1295:Pelletier, Denis (2019).
289:Early life and priesthood
199:
41:
34:
2210:Roman Catholic activists
2205:People from Saint-Dizier
1769:(in French). 11 May 2000
1507:; Politi, Marco (1996).
624:Congregation for Bishops
622:, head of the Vatican's
588:Minister of the Interior
551:In 1991, he opposed the
344:in 1981, he was elected
1985:, Syros, 1 April 1995,
1574:15 October 2006 at the
819:event in Bonn in 2004.
605:, the president of the
492:Baptiste-Henri Grégoire
2245:20th-century squatters
1569:My Option for the Poor
1100:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
977:Catholic-Hierarchy.org
725:
569:Jean-Bertrand Aristide
567:, rousing support for
546:Second Vatican Council
517:The French journalist
485:French nuclear testing
404:French Communist Party
373:conscientious objector
346:diocesan administrator
340:. When the see became
330:Second Vatican Council
1767:Le Nouvel Observateur
1697:Diocese of Partenia.
1515:. Doubleday. p.
1360:(in French). Ramsay.
1231:. London: Routledge.
1179:– via ProQuest.
941:ChristianityToday.com
835:Droits devant !!
750:, Gaillot attended a
721:Voice from the Desert
692:Archbishop of Cambrai
468:bishop of blessing a
1678:on 28 September 2007
647:on 13 January 1995.
500:abolition of slavery
419:In 1987, he went to
322:Châlons-en-Champagne
2079:on 29 October 2006.
2067:on 15 October 2006.
2043:on 25 January 2013.
1996:Jean-Marie Muller:
1981:Christophe Wargny:
1966:Christophe Wargny:
1665:Secretariat of the
776:Tuamotu Archipelago
676:Robert-Joseph Coffy
654:Reaction to removal
634:Removal from Évreux
576:A Rant on Exclusion
494:(1750–1831) to the
377:alternative service
2200:Catholic pacifists
2106:Jean Marcel Honoré
1444:Catholic Hierarchy
947:on 14 October 2006
833:activist groups, '
612:Raymond Hunthausen
402:, the head of the
386:nuclear deterrence
366:Léon Aimé Taverdet
338:Diocese of Langres
215:The Right Reverend
130:Léon Aimé Taverdet
2220:Bishops of Évreux
2175:
2174:
2168:Succeeded by
2147:Succeeded by
2120:Succeeded by
2055:on 8 August 2004.
2011:Pierre Pierrard:
1647:. 7 November 2004
1308:978-2-226-43933-8
1273:978-1-5017-2733-7
980:. David M. Cheney
878:Louis-Marie Billé
805:Pope John Paul II
719:Jacques Gaillot,
696:Jacques Delaporte
626:, to that of the
504:French Revolution
458:clerical celibacy
448:to speak out for
393:parochial schools
358:Pope John Paul II
267:Pope John Paul II
240:
239:
182:
181:
151:11 September 1935
2252:
2155:Preceded by
2130:Preceded by
2117:1982–1995
2113:Bishop of Évreux
2103:Preceded by
2100:
2096:
2088:
2080:
2068:
2063:. Archived from
2056:
2044:
2039:. Archived from
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1708:
1702:
1695:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1674:. Archived from
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1585:
1579:
1567:Call to Action.
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1514:
1501:
1495:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1381:
1372:
1371:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1222:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1153:
1145:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1105:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1079:on 21 April 2022
1075:. Archived from
1065:
1054:
1053:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
999:
990:
989:
987:
985:
968:
957:
956:
954:
952:
933:
843:
780:French Polynesia
761:Thomas Gumbleton
723:
599:Eugen Drewermann
481:French Polynesia
470:homosexual union
423:to meet a young
400:Georges Marchais
362:Bishop of Évreux
352:Bishop of Évreux
263:Bishop of Évreux
256:
255:
254:
252:
204:
194:
189:
184:
172:
150:
148:
136:Personal details
104:Bishop of Évreux
100:Previous post(s)
46:
21:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2171:
2164:
2158:
2150:
2143:
2135:
2125:
2116:
2108:
2091:
2083:
2071:
2059:
2047:
2030:
2022:
1963:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1846:
1844:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1772:
1770:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1696:
1692:
1681:
1679:
1670:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1576:Wayback Machine
1566:
1562:
1552:
1550:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1505:Bernstein, Carl
1503:
1502:
1498:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1395:on 27 July 2019
1383:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1309:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1274:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1239:
1224:
1223:
1216:
1206:
1204:
1203:on 27 July 2019
1189:
1188:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1147:
1146:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1082:
1080:
1067:
1066:
1057:
1042:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1010:
1008:Catholic Herald
1001:
1000:
993:
983:
981:
970:
969:
960:
950:
948:
935:
934:
927:
923:
906:
898:
874:
837:
817:World Youth Day
809:Joachim Meisner
798:Rainbow Warrior
789:Rainbow Warrior
768:nuclear testing
724:
718:
707:
682:and Archbishop
656:
636:
620:Bernadin Gantin
574:Gaillot's book
460:and the use of
356:On 5 May 1982,
354:
291:
250:
248:
247:
246:
243:Jacques Gaillot
231:Religious style
225:Your Excellency
210:Reference style
193:Jacques Gaillot
192:
190:
187:
174:
170:
161:
152:
146:
144:
127:
77:1995–2023
58:Catholic Church
49:
48:Gaillot in 2007
30:
29:Jacques Gaillot
27:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2258:
2256:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2182:
2181:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2118:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2089:
2081:
2069:
2057:
2045:
2028:
2021:
2020:External links
2018:
2017:
2016:
2009:
2006:978-2220038018
1994:
1991:978-2841461899
1979:
1976:978-3451230752
1962:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1929:
1902:
1876:
1854:
1827:
1806:
1780:
1754:
1728:
1721:
1703:
1690:
1688:17 August 2004
1658:
1632:
1606:
1580:
1560:
1532:
1525:
1496:
1494:. January 1995
1482:
1456:
1431:
1425:978-2226075840
1424:
1406:
1373:
1366:
1348:
1322:
1307:
1287:
1272:
1252:
1237:
1214:
1182:
1117:
1090:
1055:
1040:
1020:
991:
958:
924:
922:
919:
918:
917:
915:Call to Action
912:
905:
902:
897:
894:
873:
870:
782:. Aboard the
752:Call to Action
716:
706:
703:
655:
652:
635:
632:
592:Charles Pasqua
466:Roman Catholic
442:United Nations
438:National Front
425:anti-apartheid
360:appointed him
353:
350:
290:
287:
238:
237:
232:
228:
227:
222:
218:
217:
212:
206:
205:
197:
196:
180:
179:
173:(aged 87)
167:
163:
162:
153:
142:
138:
137:
133:
132:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
32:
31:
28:
25:His Excellency
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2257:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2178:
2163:
2153:
2142:
2141:
2134:
2128:
2124:
2123:Jacques David
2115:
2114:
2107:
2101:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1944:
1940:
1933:
1930:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1903:
1891:
1887:
1880:
1877:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1810:
1807:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1729:
1724:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1607:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1536:
1533:
1528:
1526:9780385472371
1522:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1457:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1407:
1394:
1390:
1389:La Libération
1386:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1367:9782841140084
1363:
1359:
1352:
1349:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1291:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1238:0-203-12921-0
1234:
1230:
1229:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1152:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1041:1-55612-968-8
1037:
1033:
1032:
1024:
1021:
1009:
1005:
998:
996:
992:
979:
978:
973:
967:
965:
963:
959:
946:
942:
938:
932:
930:
926:
920:
916:
913:
911:
908:
907:
903:
901:
895:
893:
890:
885:
883:
879:
871:
869:
867:
862:
860:
856:
852:
851:
845:
841:
836:
832:
827:
825:
824:Maryam Rajavi
820:
818:
814:
810:
806:
801:
799:
795:
791:
790:
785:
781:
777:
773:
772:Mururoa Atoll
769:
764:
762:
758:
753:
749:
744:
742:
738:
732:
730:
729:Rue de Dragon
722:
715:
710:
704:
702:
699:
697:
693:
688:
685:
681:
677:
672:
668:
664:
662:
653:
651:
648:
646:
642:
633:
631:
629:
625:
621:
615:
613:
608:
604:
600:
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
549:
547:
541:
539:
538:
533:
530:In 1989, the
528:
526:
525:
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
486:
482:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
422:
417:
415:
411:
410:
405:
401:
396:
394:
389:
387:
382:
378:
374:
369:
367:
363:
359:
351:
349:
347:
343:
339:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
288:
286:
284:
280:
276:
271:
268:
264:
260:
253:
251:pronunciation
244:
236:
233:
229:
226:
223:
219:
216:
213:
211:
207:
203:
198:
195:
185:
177:
169:12 April 2023
168:
164:
160:
156:
143:
139:
134:
131:
125:
121:
118:18 March 1961
117:
113:
108:
105:
102:
98:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
76:
69:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
45:
40:
37:
33:
22:
19:
2176:
2161:
2138:
2111:
2087:(in French).
2077:the original
2065:the original
2053:the original
2041:the original
2036:
2012:
1997:
1982:
1967:
1961:Bibliography
1947:. Retrieved
1942:
1932:
1920:. Retrieved
1915:
1905:
1893:. Retrieved
1889:
1879:
1867:. Retrieved
1857:
1845:. Retrieved
1840:
1830:
1824:(in French).
1819:
1809:
1797:. Retrieved
1792:
1783:
1771:. Retrieved
1766:
1757:
1745:. Retrieved
1742:The Guardian
1741:
1731:
1712:
1706:
1693:
1680:. Retrieved
1676:the original
1661:
1649:. Retrieved
1644:
1635:
1623:. Retrieved
1619:
1609:
1597:. Retrieved
1594:The Militant
1593:
1583:
1563:
1551:. Retrieved
1545:
1535:
1510:
1499:
1489:
1485:
1473:. Retrieved
1469:
1459:
1447:. Retrieved
1443:
1434:
1415:
1409:
1397:. Retrieved
1393:the original
1388:
1357:
1351:
1339:. Retrieved
1334:
1325:
1297:
1290:
1262:
1255:
1227:
1205:. Retrieved
1201:the original
1194:
1185:
1173:. Retrieved
1161:
1155:
1108:. Retrieved
1099:
1093:
1081:. Retrieved
1077:the original
1072:
1030:
1023:
1011:. Retrieved
1007:
982:. Retrieved
975:
949:. Retrieved
945:the original
940:
899:
889:Pope Francis
886:
875:
865:
863:
850:Google Video
848:
846:
831:human rights
828:
821:
802:
797:
796:, after the
787:
765:
745:
733:
726:
720:
712:
708:
705:After Évreux
700:
689:
673:
669:
665:
657:
649:
637:
616:
603:Joseph Duval
596:
586:proposed by
579:
575:
573:
556:
550:
542:
535:
529:
522:
516:
489:
478:
456:revision of
454:
421:South Africa
418:
407:
397:
390:
370:
355:
334:
315:
311:Algerian War
295:Saint-Dizier
292:
282:
272:
242:
241:
221:Spoken style
191:
171:(2023-04-12)
155:Saint-Dizier
126:20 June 1982
123:Consecration
18:
2195:2023 deaths
2190:1935 births
1945:(in French)
1918:(in French)
1843:(in French)
910:Abbé Pierre
882:Roman Curia
838: [
741:Abbé Pierre
641:titular see
584:immigration
519:Henri Tincq
450:disarmament
309:during the
299:Haute-Marne
275:titular see
82:Predecessor
2184:Categories
2165:1996–2023
2144:1995–2023
1722:0824515846
1701:1 May 2007
1470:The Tablet
1317:1128276719
1164:(17): 12.
1157:Commonweal
921:References
784:Greenpeace
508:sacraments
430:pilgrimage
147:1935-09-11
115:Ordination
1282:624274216
1170:210396484
876:In 2000,
794:commandos
757:Hans KĂĽng
737:socialist
680:Marseille
661:Communist
645:Parthenia
521:wrote in
409:Le Figaro
279:Parthenia
188:Styles of
92:Successor
74:In office
2157:New post
1949:17 April
1922:15 April
1916:Le Monde
1895:12 April
1890:La Croix
1869:16 April
1841:La Croix
1821:Le Point
1793:La Croix
1651:16 April
1620:BBC News
1599:20 April
1572:Archived
1475:20 April
1449:19 April
1335:Le Monde
1247:51306752
1196:Le Monde
1166:ProQuest
1110:19 April
1073:Partenia
1050:37862452
904:See also
855:violence
717:—
553:Gulf War
524:Le Monde
496:Panthéon
446:New York
381:forestry
283:Partenia
259:Catholic
178:, France
128:by
68:Partenia
1847:26 July
1799:28 July
1773:28 July
1747:26 July
1625:27 July
1399:28 July
1341:27 July
1207:24 July
1175:24 July
1083:23 July
1013:23 July
984:23 July
951:23 July
813:Cologne
786:vessel
774:in the
735:strong
462:condoms
434:Lourdes
307:Algeria
303:Langres
2170:Vacant
2149:Vacant
2004:
1989:
1974:
1943:La Vie
1719:
1553:14 May
1523:
1491:La Vie
1422:
1364:
1315:
1305:
1280:
1270:
1245:
1235:
1168:
1048:
1038:
859:Darfur
748:Évreux
342:vacant
235:Bishop
159:France
110:Orders
95:Vacant
54:Church
1682:5 May
1104:(PDF)
896:Death
842:]
684:Duval
628:Stasi
565:Haiti
326:Reims
318:Paris
176:Paris
2008:(fr)
2002:ISBN
1993:(fr)
1987:ISBN
1978:(de)
1972:ISBN
1951:2023
1924:2023
1897:2023
1871:2023
1849:2019
1801:2019
1775:2019
1749:2019
1717:ISBN
1684:2007
1653:2023
1627:2019
1601:2023
1578:1996
1555:2015
1521:ISBN
1477:2023
1451:2023
1420:ISBN
1401:2019
1362:ISBN
1343:2019
1313:OCLC
1303:ISBN
1278:OCLC
1268:ISBN
1243:OCLC
1233:ISBN
1209:2022
1177:2022
1112:2023
1085:2022
1046:OCLC
1036:ISBN
1015:2022
986:2022
953:2022
759:and
690:The
561:Iraq
474:AIDS
166:Died
141:Born
1517:509
1162:122
857:in
811:of
778:of
770:at
678:of
643:of
537:Lui
444:in
432:to
379:in
277:of
64:See
2186::
2035:.
1941:.
1914:.
1888:.
1839:.
1818:.
1791:.
1765:.
1740:.
1669:.
1643:.
1618:.
1592:.
1544:.
1519:.
1468:.
1442:.
1387:.
1376:^
1333:.
1311:.
1276:.
1241:.
1217:^
1193:.
1160:.
1154:.
1120:^
1071:.
1058:^
1044:.
1006:.
994:^
974:.
961:^
939:.
928:^
861:.
840:fr
763:.
743:.
694:,
594:.
590:,
571:.
548:.
487:.
476:.
452:.
416:.
388:.
348:.
332:.
297:,
157:,
2095:.
1953:.
1926:.
1899:.
1873:.
1851:.
1803:.
1777:.
1751:.
1725:.
1686:.
1655:.
1629:.
1603:.
1557:.
1529:.
1479:.
1453:.
1428:.
1403:.
1370:.
1345:.
1319:.
1284:.
1249:.
1211:.
1114:.
1087:.
1052:.
1017:.
988:.
955:.
578:(
245:(
149:)
145:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
