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island. The
Governor was required by the terms of sale to uphold the Catholic religion, but in practice economic development was a more important consideration. The Jesuit superior later forced du Parquet to expel a band of Dutch Calvinists led by the sugar merchant Trezel. Their refinery may have been failing anyway. They settled in Guadeloupe and played an important role in the sugar industry there. In 1655 du Parquet sold Grenada to Jean Faudoas, count of Serillac. The price was the equivalent of ÂŁ1890.
217:, the French King's Governor and Lieutenant General of the Isles of America. On 26 October 1626 a deed of agreement was signed to send French colonists under captains d'Esnambuc and du Rossey to settle in Saint Kitts (Saint Christophe) and other unoccupied islands. The expedition of about 530 men in three ships sailed on 22 February 1627. After landing on Saint Kitts the French signed a Treaty of Agreement with the English on 13 May 1627 under which they divided the island.
533:, and the English and French who occupied the other parts. In 1654 Martinique was invaded by these Caribs, who were joined by the local Caribs in revolt against the French. The colonists' problems were compounded by an uprising of the slaves. Du Parquet's fort, "La Montagne", was besieged and was on the point of falling when four Dutch ships arrived from Brazil and saved the situation by disembarking 300 well-armed soldiers.
574:) in his place. On 14 April 1664 the King revoked all grants to the Compagnie des Isles de l'Amerique and all sales and transfers it had made to private parties, and on 28 May 1664 the Compagnie des Indes Occidentales was established by royal decree in its place. Du Parquet's heirs were forced to sell Martinique and Saint Lucia to the new company on 14 August 1665.
510:(tobacco), which was easy to grow and harvest, but prices in Europe were falling. Attempts had been made to raise sugarcane, but the islanders were unable to master the technique of extracting the sugar. He issued an ordinance that slave owners had to give their slaves "at least two pounds of meat per head in the late season, and three when the ships arrive."
411:
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accept small gifts. Du
Parquet would dress as a native when visiting the Caribs, but always remained armed. Du Parquet gained a reputation as a fair and generous governor as well as a brave leader of the militia. He was capable and popular. By 1639 the colony had 700 men, and this had grown to 1,000 by 1640.
493:, to act as his agent. The purchase contract was drawn up before Notaries Royal at Paris on 27 September 1650. Du Parquet became sole owner of the islands to enjoy and dispose of them as he chose, subject only to the King's charges and conditions that the company had accepted in 1642. The price was 41,500
513:
On 13 March 1651 he formally named his oldest son, Dyel d'Esnambuc, his lieutenant-general. The Sieur de Saint-Aubin was to undertake the duties of this office while his son was under age. At the start of 1651 du
Parquet returned to France. His purchase was given royal ratification in August 1651. On
472:
The
Martinique settlers revolted against the Compagnie des îles d'Amérique in 1646. The directors liquidated the company, and in 1649 proposed that du Parquet should buy Martinique and the neighbouring islands. On 18 May 1650 a procuration was drawn up in Martinique before a Notary Royal to purchase
459:
as
Governor of Grenada. Conflict broke out between the French and the indigenous islanders in November 1649 and fighting lasted for five years until 1654, when the last opposition to the French on Grenada was crushed. In 1650 de Parquet also sent between thirty five and forty men to found a colony
276:
under which the French would hold the leeward coast and the Caribs the remainder of the island. Tensions rose in 1639 when du
Parquet arrested the Carib chief Kayerman. The chief escaped but died from a viper bite. Relations gradually improved, with the Caribs often visiting the French to trade and
552:
stopped at
Martinique, carrying an expedition to the coast of Guiana under the sieur De la Vigne. Du Parquet was hostile at first, then relented and provided supplies. The initial reluctance to help may be explained by the fact that the colonists in Martinique were engaged in a desperate struggle
295:
on 2 September 1645 but was not allowed to enter the port of Saint-Christophe and had to take refuge in
Guadeloupe. Du Parquet met him there and on his advice Poincy's two nephews were seized for use as blackmail. However, du Parquet was himself betrayed and taken captive by Poincy. At the end of
228:
and sent troops ashore who entrenched near the French settlement. The French and
English united against the Spanish. Du Parquet's brother commanded 120 men. When the English took flight he was given permission to attack the Spanish. The attack failed with many casualties. Du Parquet's brother was
536:
The Dutch ships carried a group of
Portuguese Jews who were skilled in processing sugar, had been expelled from Brazil, and had brought their material, technicians and slaves. Du Parquet granted them land and they installed the first sugar refineries, the start of an economic revolution on the
307:
of Paris. His wife's marriage to an important company official had been annulled and she apparently married du Parquet secretly. During the Thoisy affair his wife led a group in Martinique that demanded the exchange of Poincy's captured nephews for her husband. After his release and return to
565:
Du Parquet died in Saint-Pierre on 3 January 1658 aged 52. After his death his wife took charge of the island as regent in the name of her oldest son, Louis Dyel d'Esnambuc. On 15 September 1658 the King appointed his son Governor and Lieutenant General of Martinique and Saint Lucia, with du
308:
Martinique du Parquet publicly acknowledged the marriage. The Jesuit Jean Tehenel blessed the wedding on 30 April 1647 in Saint-Jacques chapel, Martinique, in the presence of several witnesses. Their children were Jean Jacques Dyel, Louis Dyel, Seigneur du Parquet; Françoise and Marie.
210:, Normandy. An act recording a 1657 ceremony to bless his wedding names him as "Jacques Dyel, squire, sieur Du Parquet, governor of this island, son of Pierre Dyel, squire, lord of Vaudroques and of Adrienne de Blain, native of Calville". His parents had married on 11 January 1589.
257:(Company of the Islands of America), whose administration included Martinique, confirmed du Parquet as governor. Du Parquet was officially named Governor in 1637. He first settled at Saint-Pierre, then built a military camp that would become
236:
D'Esnambuc rallied his forces, and returned to Saint Kitts three months later, where the small French colony of 360 men began to prosper. In mid-1635 d'Esnambuc led an expedition of 100 men to Martinique under an officer named
514:
22 October 1651 the King appointed du Parquet Governor and Lieutenant General over the islands he had bought. At the end of 1652 du Parquet again returned to France for health reasons. He left
264:
221:
85:
42:
229:
captured and later died of his wounds. Du Rossey returned to France where he was imprisoned in the Bastille, while d'Esnambuc sailed with most of the French colonists for
540:
108:
77:
553:
with the Caribs. His change of position may have been caused by his learning the identify of the expedition's powerful backers, who seem to have been the Queen and
548:
In 1656 Martinique was struck by a violent earthquake. Later that year the slaves again revolted, with the support of the Caribs. In 1656 a ship outbound from
1300:
Jesse, C. (December 1967), "SOLD FOR A SONG: Du Parquet Buys St. Lucia, Together with Martinique, Grenada, the Grenadines, In A.D. 1650, for ÂŁ1660 Sterling",
506:
Du Parquet instituted a citizen's militia to guard against invasion by Indians or Spanish. He tried to improve agriculture. The main export of the island was
319:
283:
was appointed Lieutenant General of the French islands from 1638 onward, and had nothing but praise for du Parquet. Later the two men became enemies.
254:
183:
1413:
1408:
603:, escuyer, sieur de d'Esnambuc, capitaine entretenu de la marine et gouverneur pour le Roy en l'isle de Saint-Christophe des Indes occidentales."
438:
1349:
1245:
1218:
1418:
621:
The old Handbook of Saint Lucia records that M. Houel and M. du Parquet bought the island in September 1650. This is an error. Governor
451:
and built a fortified settlement, which they named Fort Annunciation. A treaty was swiftly agreed between du Parquet and the indigenous
280:
1262:
557:. After a long war du Parquet finally managed to restore order in his islands and concluded peace with the Caribs on 18 October 1657.
1171:
1374:
622:
515:
447:
On 17 March 1649 a French expedition of 203 men from Martinique led by Jacques Dyel du Parquet landed at St. Georges Harbour,
1403:
612:
Another source says it was not until June 1650 that du Parquet took a band of French settlers to found a colony on Grenada.
464:) led by an officer named de Rousselan. The English had abandoned the island since being driven out by the Caribs in 1640.
570:
to act in his place until he reached the age of 20. Vauderoque died in 1663 and the king appointed another family member (
253:
Dupont was returning to Saint Christophe when he was captured by the Spanish, and du Parquet was sent to replace him. The
1323:
Origines transatlantiques: Belain d'Esnambuc et les Normands aux Antilles, d'après des documents nouvellement retrouvés
455:
to peacefully partition the island between the two communities. Du Parquet returned to Martinique leaving his cousin
214:
1143:
Anderson, Susan Heller; Brunetti, Cosimo (1969), "Cosimo Brunetti Three Relations of the West Indies in 1659-1660",
284:
567:
522:
242:
121:
268:
Map of Martinique by Nicolas Sanson published in 1656 showing the division between the French and Carib parts
238:
65:
186:
in 1636, a year after the first French settlement had been established. In 1650 he purchased Martinique,
571:
296:
January 1647 Thoisy was turned over to Poincy, who forced him to return to France on a ship bound for
1398:
1393:
629:
purchased that island in 1649, and the compilers of the Handbook seem to have mixed up the texts.
1309:
1289:
1196:
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was appointed to replace Poincy on 20 February 1645 on the recommendation of the French regent,
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1345:
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1208:
521:
In 1653 a series of attacks and reprisals began between the Caribs who occupied some parts of
1339:
1321:
1152:
554:
1280:
Guérin, Léon (1891), "The Foundation of the French Power in the West Indies - 1625-1664",
452:
288:
486:
258:
1387:
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273:
494:
178:(1606 – 3 January 1658) was a French soldier who was one of the first governors of
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207:
191:
142:
1187:
Boucher, Philip P. (1982), "Shadows in the Past: France and Guiana, 1655-57",
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303:
On 21 November 1645 by the Jesuit Charles Hempteau married Dyel du Parquet to
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194:. He did much to develop Martinique as a colony, including introduction of
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followed by instalment payments to be completed by 30 November 1653.
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261:
on a strategically placed rocky outcrop in what is now Lamentin Bay.
1189:
Proceedings of the Meeting of the French Colonial Historical Society
1156:
1288:
by Mrs. George Dawson, Royal Agricultural and Commercial Society,
981:
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809:
807:
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688:
1210:
France and the American Tropics to 1700: Tropics of Discontent?
590:
One source gives his name as Jacques d'Iel, Sieur du Parquet.
485:
from the company. Du Parquet appointed Charles de la Forge of
858:
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1237:
The Chevalier de Montmagny: First Governor of New France
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291:. Poincy refused to accept his dismissal. Thoisy left
1173:
Biographie : Jacques Dyel du Parquet (1606-1658)
518:in charge as Major during the minority of his son.
182:. He was appointed governor of the island for the
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59:
41:
21:
1145:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
1066:
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468:Governor and proprietor of Martinique (1650–58)
544:A romantic European depiction of Island Caribs
272:In 1637 du Parquet concluded a truce with the
16:French governor of Martinique and Saint Lucia
8:
599:His uncle named himself as "Nous, Pierre de
206:Jacques Dyel du Parquet was born in 1606 in
1195:, Michigan State University Press: 13–26,
499:, made up of a bill of exchange for 4,000
29:
18:
689:Biographie : Jacques Dyel du Parquet
1308:(4), Taylor & Francis, Ltd.: 44–52,
1151:(6), American Philosophical Society: 1,
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410:
263:
220:In 1629 a large Spanish war fleet under
1207:Boucher, Philip P. (29 December 2010),
1102:
1090:
862:
832:
641:
583:
109:Jérôme du Sarrat, sieur de La Pierrière
78:Jérôme du Sarrat, sieur de La Pierrière
1263:"Jacques DYEL de VAUDROQUE du PARQUET"
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1234:Dubé, Jean-Claude (28 April 2005),
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281:Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy
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368:
14:
1338:Roget, Jacques Petitjean (2000),
874:
1369:, Macmillan Publishers Limited,
1367:Grenada. A History of its People
1176:(in French), Bourses des Voyages
442:Locations in the Lesser Antilles
423:
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381:
367:
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255:Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique
249:Governor of Martinique (1636–50)
184:Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique
1414:Governors of French Saint Lucia
1344:(in French), Desormeaux Books,
354:
326:
98:9 February 1647 – 1658
1409:French Governors of Martinique
1240:, University of Ottawa Press,
1:
55:1636 – February 1646
1365:Steele, Beverley A. (2003),
1067:Anderson & Brunetti 1969
1055:Anderson & Brunetti 1969
1043:Anderson & Brunetti 1969
986:Anderson & Brunetti 1969
814:Anderson & Brunetti 1969
1435:
1419:17th century in Martinique
623:Charles Houël du Petit Pré
516:Médéric Rools de Gourselas
568:Adrien Dyel de Vaudroques
169:
127:
91:
48:
37:
28:
1286:Les Navigateurs Français
241:and founded the town of
215:Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc
122:Marie Bonnard du Parquet
1320:Margry, Pierre (1863),
312:Grenada and Saint Lucia
285:Noël Patrocle de Thoisy
213:Du Parquet's uncle was
176:Jacques Dyel du Parquet
23:Jacques Dyel du Parquet
545:
269:
86:Governor of Martinique
43:Governor of Martinique
1404:History of Martinique
1326:(in French), A. Faure
572:Jean Dyel de Clermont
543:
267:
202:Early years (1606–36)
460:in Saincte Alouzie (
439:class=notpageimage|
1302:Caribbean Quarterly
1261:Favre, Jean Hervé,
525:in the Grenadines,
1284:, translated from
566:Parquet's brother
546:
270:
222:Fadrique de Toledo
145:, Normandy, France
1351:978-2-85275-031-9
1247:978-0-7766-1705-3
1220:978-1-4214-0202-4
1033:, pp. 15–16.
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132:Personal details
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865:, p. 137.
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1129:, p. 47.
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956:, p. 15.
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908:, p. 45.
907:
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888:
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816:, p. 12.
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697:
694:
690:
685:
683:
681:
679:
675:
672:, p. 11.
671:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
654:
651:, p. 44.
650:
645:
642:
636:
628:
624:
618:
615:
609:
606:
602:
596:
593:
587:
584:
577:
575:
573:
569:
560:
558:
556:
551:
542:
538:
534:
532:
528:
524:
523:Saint Vincent
519:
517:
511:
509:
504:
502:
498:
497:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
467:
465:
463:
458:
457:Jean Le Comte
454:
450:
440:
321:
311:
309:
306:
305:Marie Bonnard
301:
299:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
275:
274:Island Caribs
266:
262:
260:
256:
248:
246:
244:
240:
234:
232:
227:
224:anchored off
223:
218:
216:
211:
209:
201:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
168:
164:
160:
157:
152:
148:
144:
139:
135:
130:
126:
123:
120:
114:
110:
107:
101:
95:
90:
87:
83:
79:
76:
70:
67:
64:
58:
52:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
1366:
1355:, retrieved
1340:
1328:, retrieved
1322:
1305:
1301:
1285:
1281:
1271:, retrieved
1266:
1251:, retrieved
1236:
1224:, retrieved
1209:
1192:
1188:
1178:, retrieved
1172:
1148:
1144:
1122:
1110:
1103:Boucher 1982
1098:
1091:Boucher 1982
1086:
1074:
1062:
1050:
1038:
1026:
1014:
949:
937:
925:
913:
882:
870:
863:Boucher 2010
833:Boucher 2010
771:
744:
739:, p. 9.
732:
727:, p. 8.
720:
715:, p. 7.
708:
696:
644:
617:
608:
600:
595:
586:
564:
547:
535:
520:
512:
507:
505:
500:
495:
473:Martinique,
471:
446:
302:
279:
271:
252:
243:Saint-Pierre
235:
219:
212:
205:
175:
174:
117:Succeeded by
93:
73:Succeeded by
50:
1399:1658 deaths
1394:1606 births
1269:(in French)
1115:Margry 1863
1079:Steele 2003
1019:Margry 1863
942:Steele 2003
930:Steele 2003
918:Steele 2003
887:Steele 2003
791:Guérin 1891
776:Guérin 1891
764:Guérin 1891
749:Guérin 1891
737:Guérin 1891
725:Guérin 1891
713:Guérin 1891
701:Margry 1863
670:Margry 1863
487:Pleine-Sève
479:Saint Lucia
462:Saint Lucia
431:Saint Lucia
226:Saint Kitts
208:Cailleville
192:Saint Lucia
143:Cailleville
104:Preceded by
66:Jean Dupont
61:Preceded by
1388:Categories
1273:2018-05-02
1180:2018-05-02
1127:Jesse 1967
1031:Roget 2000
1007:Roget 2000
971:Jesse 1967
954:Roget 2000
906:Jesse 1967
649:Jesse 1967
627:Guadeloupe
483:Grenadines
403:Martinique
389:Guadeloupe
375:Grenadines
298:Saint-Malo
180:Martinique
162:Occupation
156:Martinique
1341:Documents
848:Dubé 2005
637:Citations
196:sugarcane
94:In office
51:In office
1314:40653043
1294:60231068
1267:Geneanet
1201:42952104
527:Dominica
481:and the
347:Dominica
293:Le Havre
111:(acting)
80:(acting)
1282:Timehri
1165:1006089
1136:Sources
531:Antigua
489:, near
475:Grenada
449:Grenada
361:Grenada
333:Antigua
231:Antigua
188:Grenada
165:Soldier
1373:
1348:
1312:
1292:
1244:
1217:
1199:
1163:
550:Nantes
501:livres
496:livres
491:Dieppe
239:Dupont
1357:3 May
1330:3 May
1310:JSTOR
1290:JSTOR
1253:3 May
1226:3 May
1197:JSTOR
1161:JSTOR
875:Favre
601:Blain
578:Notes
508:pétun
1371:ISBN
1359:2018
1346:ISBN
1332:2018
1255:2018
1242:ISBN
1228:2018
1215:ISBN
529:and
190:and
150:Died
140:1606
137:Born
1193:6/7
1153:doi
625:of
1390::
1306:13
1304:,
1265:,
1191:,
1159:,
1149:59
1147:,
993:^
978:^
961:^
894:^
855:^
840:^
821:^
798:^
783:^
756:^
677:^
656:^
477:,
300:.
245:.
233:.
198:.
1155::
877:.
691:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
