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Jacques won handily over Pierre. In March, Sir Jean de
Boniface who Jacques had beaten previously, returned to challenge him. The first day's combat was inconclusive, but during the second day's combat Jacques was able to again beat Jean. In June, a Burgundian squire named Gerard de Roussillon accepted the challenge. Jacques quickly won this combat. On 1 October 1450, seven noblemen accepted the challenge. The first was a squire named Claude Pitois, lord of Saint-Bonnet. The second was Aime de Rabutin, lord of Espiry. The third was a squire named Jean de Villeneuve. The fourth was named Gaspar de Durtain. The fifth was Jacques d'Avanchier. The sixth was a Burgundian squire named Guillaume d'Amange. And the seventh was a squire named Jean Pitois. Combat began on the next day. While initially several of these bouts were draws, Jacques would go on to win against all comers. As the
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356:. While minor details differ, it appears that he was killed by cannon fire from defenders of Poucques Castle. He is one of the first European noblemen to die from gunfire. Jacques is therefore a transitional character, the last great member of a chivalrous era destroyed by an element of changing modern times.
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Throughout his life, Jacques displayed all the main elements of what was considered to be the perfect medieval chivalrous knight. His military prowess was unmatched, he came from a respected and noble family, at a young age his frank bearing was noticeable, throughout his life he showed great loyalty
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No one was willing to accept
Jacques' challenge until 1 February 1450. This challenger was a Burgundian squire named Pierre de Chandio. The fighting took place in Chalons, France, on a small island in the middle of the Saône River. It began with a great ceremony, although the combat was uneventful as
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Also in 1445, Jacques began his famous Feats of Arms. In these, he and another knight would fight a pre-arranged duel in full armor with sharpened weapons. The participants decided the rules of combat beforehand. Fighting typically included three courses each: with the lance on horseback, the sword
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challenge was officially known as the
Passage of the Fountain of Tears. This was due to the pavilion being next to a fountain with a statue of a weeping woman. In keeping with this theme, Jacques fought in a white surcoat decorated with a pattern of blue tears. The reason given for having this pas
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As a child, Jacques was well-educated since literature was cultivated in
Burgundy at the time of his youth. Therefore, he was learned in both Latin and French, and accomplished in literary work. But it was in warlike sports that he excelled the most. At a young age he went to the court of
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By the age of 20, Jacques had distinguished himself at a number of tournaments. On 22 November 1443 he accompanied Philip the Good's forces in a surprise assault on the city of
Luxembourg where he "accomplished many magnificent feats of arms with both the lance and the sword."
110:, the eldest son of Guillaume de Lalaing and Jeanne de Crequy. Jacques had three brothers: John who was provost of Saint-Lambert's Cathedral in Liege, Philippe who was a godson of Philip the Good, and Antoine who was killed by the Swiss while fighting for the Duke of Burgundy
332:, as a young man he was known to be a favorite of the ladies at court, his largesse was evident after his victories, and his religious piety was shown by such actions as his pilgrimage to Rome in 1450. He truly seems to have been the culmination of medieval chivalric ideals.
279:. While initially Thomas' poleaxe was disqualified due to its being oversized and oversharp, he pleaded so persistently that Jacques allowed its use. During combat, Jacque was stabbed through the wrist by Thomas' poleaxe, but went on to win the combat anyway.
216:, traveling from court to court with his entourage of 80 to 100 men-at-arms searching for opportunities to gain fighting acclaim. Traveling to France, and then to Navarre and Castile, Jacques sought combat with whoever would fight. Unfortunately, both King
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of
Navarre denied him permission to fight, probably because they did not want to spend money on an expensive tournament. However, after riding through Spain and Portugal, he was given the chance to fight in Valladolid on 3 February 1447, when King
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on horseback, and the spear, poleaxe, sword, or dagger on foot. Sometimes these fights simply went on until one combatant was on the ground. Jacques' first feat of arms was against an
Italian knight named Jean de Boniface from the court of King
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in 1467. This was
Charles' first jousting tournament. In the first joust Jacques broke his lance upon the Count but did not unhorse him. In the second joust, both broke their lances upon each other, yet both stayed in the saddle.
197:, and the nobility of France. Jacques performed spectacularly and was victorious over all of the knights with whom he did combat. For this success, he not only gained further celebrity status but received many material rewards.
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and battles, became the most famous
Burgundian knight of his time, and was well known throughout Europe as one of the best medieval tournament fighters. Jacques was inducted into the prestigious Burgundian chivalric order, the
256:, James Douglas of Ralstoun, and John Ross of Hawkhead. The audience numbered five or six thousand. Jacques' side was victorious. James II knighted the six combatants before the tournament and congratulated them afterwards.
233:. Combat began on foot, and Jacques was so successful in beating his rival that the mounted combat never took place. On his way back home to Hainault, Jacques stopped in Aragon but was refused permission to fight yet again.
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considered it a good match and delightfully ended the bout. The Count would go on to win the prize of the tournament. This was the last tournament that
Jacques would participate in since war broke out soon afterward.
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On his pilgrimage to Rome in 1450, Jacques, like a medieval chivalrous knight of old, "like another Lancelot", stayed at Chalons on the Marne and crossed lances with anyone who would fight him on the road.
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was so furious at the death of his favorite knight Jacques that when the Poucques Castle was taken he had all those captured in it hanged, priests, lepers and children excepted.
263:. But shortly before his departure to return home, Jacques was challenged by an English squire named Thomas Que to fight in Burgundy. This combat took place later in 1449 in
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ended, Jacques remained undefeated, winning great renown. Afterward he made a pilgrimage to Rome, returning in triumph to the court of
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205:. Jean had traveled through Lombardy, Savoy, Burgundy, and Flanders, seeking to distinguish himself in combat. Upon his arrival in
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Jacques was buried in the church of Lalaing. Before the French Revolution an epitaph to Jacques was in the Notre Dame Cathedral.
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After the victory in Scotland, Jacques and his companions traveled to England where they were denied permission to fight by King
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d'armes was that Jacques wanted to fight 30 men before his 30th birthday. It lasted from 1 November 1449 to 30 September 1450.
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Jacques de Lalaing was one of the most accomplished knights with a lance and won numerous tournaments and pas d'armes bouts.
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The example of Jean de Boniface made a strong impression on Jacques, and in 1446 he decided to take up the profession of
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Two years later in 1445, Jacques took part in a tournament in Nancy, Lorraine, France, where there were assembled King
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he made it known that he would take on all comers in combat. Jacques accepted this challenge and beat him.
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from 1436 to 1462. Simon was also renowned for his military prowess as a knight and was a member of the
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In 1452, Jacques jousted against Charles, Count of Charolais, who would go on to be Duke of Burgundy
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and Baron of Holland, Isabeau who married Pierre of Henin-Lietard Lord of Bossu and Great Baron of
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in the 15th century, was reportedly one of the best medieval tournament fighters of all time. A
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Jacques de Lalaing was killed by gunfire during the suppression of the Revolt of Ghent in 1453.
53:, Duke of Burgundy by whom he was knighted and whom he went on to serve. Jacques, known as the
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S. Matthew Galas, "The Deeds of Jacques de Lalaing: Feats of Arms of a 15th Century Knight,"
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History of the People of the Netherlands: From the Beginning of the 15th century to 1559,
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Later, on that same day, Jacques announced his intention to raise a pavilion and have a
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as referee, at a tournament held to celebrate the marriage of James II of Scotland and
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http://www.mainlesson.com/display.php?author=morris&book=french&story=career
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http://www.mainlesson.com/display.php?author=morris&book=french&story=career
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named Hervey de Meriadet. Their opponents were James Douglas the brother of the
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allowed him to fight Diego de Guzman, the son of the Grandmaster of the Spanish
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Livre des Faits de Jacques Lalaing (The Book of the Deeds of Jacques de Lalaing)
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78:, and the herald Charolais. Throughout his life, Jacques was entrusted by the
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The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology Volume 1,
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to serve and eventually become a knight. In 1436, he was sent by the
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The Golden Age of Burgundy: The Magnificent Dukes and their Courts,
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City, Marriage, Tournament: Arts of Rule in Late Medieval Scotland
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114:. Jacques also had a half-brother named John who was the Lord of
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Full text of "Oeuvres. Pub. by Baron Kervyn de Lettenhove"
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Charolais, George Chastellain, and Jean le Fevre de Remy,
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https://www.gutenberg.org/files/14496/14496-h/14496-h.htm
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Ruth Putnam, "Charles the Bold: Last Duke of Burgundy,"
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knight, he began his military career in the service of
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http://www.thehaca.com/essays/Lalaing.htm#.UwIDf8u9KSM
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http://www.thearma.org/essays/Lalaing.htm#.VGl3e5V0yUm
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New York: W.W. Norton & Company Inc., 1962, 226.
565:http://racineshistoire.free.fr/LGN/PDF/Lalaing.pdf
526:The Artillery of the Dukes of Burgundy, 1393-1477,
401:Charles Morris, "The Career of a Knight-Errant,"
37:(1421–1453), perhaps the most renowned knight of
70:attributed mainly to the Burgundian chroniclers
474:Chivalry and Knighthood in Scotland, 1424-1513
461:Chivalry and Knighthood in Scotland, 1424-1513
447:(University of Wisconsin Press, 1991), p. 173.
502:New York: Oxford University Press, 2010, 367.
489:New York: The Knickerbocker Press, 1899, 288.
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16:Medieval Walloon knight (1421–1453)
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463:(Boydell, 2006), pp. 52-3, 72-6.
236:Jacques de Lalaing travelled to
167:Jean de Villiers de L'Isle-Adam
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19:For the Belgian artist, see
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21:Jacques de Lalaing (artist)
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476:(Boydell, 2006), pp. 78-9.
305:Order of the Golden Fleece
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