Jaguar XJ220 - Knowledge (XXG)

1252: 1146:, design director at Jaguar at the time, took a greater interest in the car and insisted the design had to be seen as a Jaguar if it were to be successful in promoting the company. Keith Helfet returned to undertake the necessary redesign work mandated by the change in the wheelbase, which was reduced by 200 mm (7.9 in). The turbocharged engine required larger air intakes to feed the two intercoolers. Situated between the doors and the rear wheels, the air intakes were larger on the production version of the XJ220 than on the concept car. A number of small design changes for the body were tested in the wind tunnel; the final version had a 520: 1130: 504: 1604: 797: 1463:

stability and "terrible visibility" were also disliked. Most criticised was the behavior at low revs, the engine sound was described with words like "a pail of nuts and bolts being poured through a Magimix", rattling clutch, grinding transmission, crackling chassis, rumbling and groaning body contributing to the impression of imminent breakdown. Driving in the city was sheer torture, worsened by the first gear being far too tall for stop-and-go traffic.

1512: 785: 863: 443: – was launched to compete in both series. The XJR-9, which retained the Jaguar V12 engine, went on to win the 1988 24 Hours of Le Mans and World Sportscar Championship in the same year. The poor fuel consumption of the Jaguar V12 combined with new rules restricting refueling during races, forced the replacement of the V12 engine in the successors to the XJR-9, the XJR-10 and 52: 495:

XJ220 needed to provide meaningful data to the engineers on handling, aerodynamics – particularly at high speeds – and aluminium structures. These requirements, together with FIA racing regulations and various government regulations governing car design and safety, influenced the overall design and engineering direction of the car.

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the engines for the production cars. The JV6 engine used in the XJ220 featured little commonality with the engines Heidegger built for use in the XJR racing cars, being specifically engineered to meet performance and in particular, the European emissions requirements, which the race engines didn't have to meet.

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The JV6 engines used in the Jaguar racing cars were produced by Swiss engineer Max Heidegger, but delivering the number of engines required for the XJ220 program was considered beyond his capacity. TWR formed a division, TWR Road Engines, to manage the design, development, construction and testing of

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TWR purchased the rights to the V64V engine from Austin Rover in 1989 and developed a completely new turbocharged engine, codenamed JV6, under the auspices of Allan Scott, with proportions roughly similar to the V64V, and suitable for sports car racing. As the V64V was originally naturally aspirated,

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additional downforce when the car was set up for racing. The body produced around 3,000 lb (1,400 kg) of downforce at 200 mph (322 km/h). The design was also intended to have a variable rear wing that folded into the bodywork at lower speeds. Aerodynamic work was undertaken at the

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as the power source. The concept car was designed and built at very little cost to Jaguar, as Randle called in favours from component suppliers and engineering companies he and Jaguar had worked with in the past. In return he offered public recognition for their assistance and dangled the possibility

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The rev limiter was increased to 7,900 rpm and the catalytic converters were removed in favour of installing straight-through exhaust pipes for a second series of runs, and it was this attempt which resulted in the maximum recorded speed of 217.1 mph (349.4 km/h). It was estimated that the

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rated at 331 kW; 444 hp (450 PS), resulting in cars that were significantly lighter and smaller than the XJ220 concept: the Ferrari was lighter by 600 kg (1,323 lb) and 710 mm (28 in) shorter, whilst the Porsche was 250 kg (551 lb) lighter and 870 mm

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had recently been made redundant due to the Group B rally ban in 1987 and the design rights were for sale. The compact, lightweight and fuel efficient nature of the small-displacement, turbocharged engine was investigated by TWR. They considered it an ideal basis for a new engine to power the XJR-10

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August 1992: "you sit straight ahead, pedals and four-spoked Nardi wheel beautifully positioned. There's none of the askew nonsense that plagues Italian supercars...forward visibility is panoramic and side vision is good. Rear vision is better than on some other mid-engined monsters." He went on to

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The initial high speed runs, with the car configured in standard trim (catalytic converters connected, lower rev-limit of 7,400 rpm) achieved a maximum recorded speed of 212.3 mph (341.7 km/h), the same speed as previously reached at Fort Stockton during testing. Brundle reported that the

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The braking system was designed by AP Racing and featured ventilated and cross-drilled discs of 13 in (33.0 cm) diameter at the front and 11.8 in (30.0 cm) diameter at the rear. The calipers were four-piston aluminium units. JaguarSport designed the handbrake, which has separate

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and Roger Putnam, who was in charge of Jaguar's racing activities, were shown the vehicle the week before the motor show and signed off on the concept, allowing its unveiling. The car received an overwhelmingly positive reception by public and press and a number of wealthy Jaguar enthusiasts handed

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Expedia S.01 asymmetric uni-directional tyres were specially developed for the XJ220. Rally alloy wheel specialists Speedline Corse designed the alloy wheels, these are both wider and have a larger diameter on the rear wheels; 17 in (43.2 cm) wheels are fitted to the front and 18 in

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The design brief for the exterior restricted the use of aerodynamic aids and aimed for a simple yet clean and functional body similar to classic Jaguar sports cars, such as the D-Type and E-Type. Drag and lift were limited at the envisioned ground clearance for road use, but the design allowed for

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Motoring journalists have been critical of its size, being too big for a two-seater with virtually no luggage space, too wide to fit through traffic restrictors or to drive comfortably on most roads. The very heavy unassisted steering and pedals, underwhelming brakes without ABS, poor directional

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reviewer John Barker was also impressed with the performance as well as the ride and stability of the car, writing "The V6 has a rumbly, loping note which, in league with a remarkably supple ride, belies the speed we are travelling at. I glance to the speedo and have trouble believing that it is

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FF Developments, in addition to the design work undertaken on the gearbox and rear axle assembly, was given responsibility for the manufacture of these components. The aluminium chassis components and body panels were manufactured and assembled at the Abbey Panels factory in Coventry, before the

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The project still had no official support, leaving Randle no option but to put together a team of volunteers to work evenings and weekends in their own time. The team came to be known as "The Saturday Club" and consisted of twelve volunteers. To justify the resources consumed by the project, the

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with steel connecting rods and crankshaft. In the standard state of tune, it was rated at a power output of 550 PS (405 kW; 542 hp) at 7,200 rpm and torque of 475 lb⋅ft (644 N⋅m) at 4,500 rpm. The XJ220 could accelerate from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) in 3.6

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Group B rally car program. Richard Owen was appointed chief designer and the remainder of the team was made up of Jaguar and TWR staff, including Pete Dodd, the only member of the group of twelve responsible for the XJ220 concept. The exterior and interior designers who had worked on the XJ220

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in 2009, commented that "going ludicrously fast seems trivially easy" and acknowledged that the decision to change the V12 engine for a turbocharged V6 engine "would garner more acceptance now". The Lamborghini delivered the far better driving experience however: "After the XJ220, it’s almost

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Jaguar customers attempting to withdraw from their contracted purchases were given the option to buy themselves out of their contracts, but by 1995, the issue had resulted in legal action as buyers claimed the specification changes rendered any contracts void. Jaguar produced evidence clearly

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s Andrew Frankel was the first journalist to road-test the car and reported: "Savage acceleration really is a given here. What's really incredible about the XJ220 is its ability to provide such performance in a way that never, ever intimidates." He was particularly impressed with the throttle

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The interior was designed for two passengers and trimmed in leather. Leather trimmed sports seats were fitted together with electric windows and electrically adjustable heated mirrors. The dashboard unusually curves round and carries onto the drivers door, with a secondary instrument binnacle

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All-wheel drive was decided against early in the development process, for a number of reasons. It was thought rear-wheel drive would be adequate in the majority of situations, that the additional complexity of the four-wheel drive system would hinder the development process and potentially be

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Jaguar were unable to develop the XJ220 in-house as the available engineering resources were committed to working on the XJ and XJS models. Jaguar and TWR had an existing joint venture, JaguarSport Ltd. formed in 1987 to produce racing cars. Jaguar's board made the decision that subject to

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The XJ220 was not initially intended to be a production car, but following the reception of the concept and financial interest from serious buyers, a feasibility study was carried out by teams from TWR and Jaguar. The conclusion was that such a car would be technically feasible (subject to

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indicating 170 mph." Barker was also impressed with the engineering, saying "this car is catalysed, fully homologated and has passed the same tests that a Volvo needs before going on sale", going on to discuss how the vehicle looked at home on the racetrack thanks to the design.

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March 1994 issue, the testers liked the "sheer blistering pace, looks and a superb cabin" but its size, the doors not opening far enough and handling were criticised: "If there's a more evil device on our roads, I wouldn't like to find it, for the XJ220 suffers from immense initial

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considerations. Use of the shorter V6 engine design allowed the wheelbase of the XJ220 to be shortened and its weight to be reduced; the V12 engine was definitively ruled out when it was determined it would have difficulty at simultaneously meeting emissions legislations.

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combined with the drastic changes to the production version left many of those who placed a deposit unable to complete the purchase. The index linking of contracts exacerbated the issue, and added almost £200,000 to the purchase price between early 1990 and mid-1992. The

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The mid-mounted engine complicated the design of the four-wheel drive system and an innovative solution was needed to get power from the mid-mounted rear engine to the front wheels. The chosen design took the front-wheel drive from the central differential on the rear

926:. The redesign work necessary to create the Jaguar/TWR JV6 engine was undertaken by Andrew Barnes, TWR's Powertrain Manager, and also involved Swiss engine builder Max Heidegger, who had designed and built the race engines used in the XJR-10 and XJR-11 racing cars. 1430:

s verdict was "Right now, the XJ220 gives us a standard by which all other fast cars can be compared. For the few who will actually own and, hopefully, use their XJ220s, the fact that they are in command of the most accomplished supercar ever made should suffice."

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TWR had manufactured a number of these racing V12 engines during the 1980s and they had been raced competitively, with a 7-litre version of this engine featuring in the Le Mans-winning XJR-9. Five of these engines still existed, all of which were fitted with

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TO3 turbochargers. The JV6 engine would first be used in the JaguarSport XJR-10 and XJR-11 racing cars; its compact dimensions and low weight made it an ideal candidate for the XJ220. The engine had a 90° bank angle, four valves per cylinder and belt-driven

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of the original and instead opted for perspex covered lights. The S models were essentially road-going versions of the XJ220-C race car and as a result featured a much simpler race-orientated interior with kevlar seats and the removal of the leather trim.

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Jaguar and their Director of Engineering, Jim Randle, felt these racing cars were too far removed from the product available to the general public, especially with the rule changes that mandated the replacement of the Jaguar V12 engine in the forthcoming

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The team that would determine the necessary engineering work and assess the car's financial viability was put in place during mid-1989, working from the TWR workshops. Mike Moreton headed the team, joining TWR to run the XJ220 project. Moreton came from

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invested heavily in a state of the art machining facility capable of servicing all of its race and road car projects. The facility was initially setup to produce the XJ220's engine under Simon Lockwood, an ex-March Engineering suspension specialist.

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The rear-wheel steering was dropped from the production car to save weight and reduce complexity, as was the height adjustable suspension and active aerodynamic technology. The suspension fitted to the production model consisted of front and rear

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Sales performance was disappointing. Jaguar had intended to produce up to 350 cars, but production ceased in 1994 with 281 production cars produced, not all of which had been sold; some left-hand drive examples were still available in 1997. The

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resulted in many buyers choosing not to exercise their purchase options. A total of just 275 cars were produced by the time production ended, each with a retail price of £470,000 in 1992, making it one of the most expensive cars at that time.

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Press coverage of the XJ220 concept in 1988 was overwhelmingly positive and contributed to the decision in 1989 to put the XJ220 into limited production. The production version of the car was first shown to the public in October 1991, at the

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recorded the 217.1 mph run as the official fastest speed ever attained by a standard production car, this figure was reported in the 1994 to 1999 editions of the Guinness Book of World Records. Guinness World Records then recognised the

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and packaged the fuel tank behind the centre bulkhead. Suspension design largely focused on road use, but a good compromise for racing use was achieved and the suspension height was adjustable. The concept car was fitted with a four-channel

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of Coventry were contracted to manufacture the body shells. The scissor doors were dropped for the production model and significant redesign work was carried out on the design when the wheelbase and overall length of the car was altered.

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suffered from similarly poor sales performance, with just 71 cars sold against McLaren's target of 300. McLaren's F1 program eventually turned a small profit due to the sale and servicing of the 28 GTR racing variants produced.

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in Italy, one XJ220 had its catalytic converters removed and its rev limit increased to 7,900 rpm; these modifications increased the car's power output by 51 hp (38 kW; 52 PS) and the car was then driven by

988:) say a speed of 217 mph (349 km/h) is equivalent to 223 mph (359 km/h) on a straight, level road. However, on other tracks it performed differently; when top speed was tested on a straight level road by 1564:

won the GT class, beating Porsche by two laps; the other two cars retired, both through engine failure. However, the class win was revoked when the Jaguar XJ220-C was controversially disqualified for failing to run with

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The XJ220 was developed from a V12-engined 4-wheel drive concept car designed by an informal group of Jaguar employees working in their spare time. The group wished to create a modern version of the successful Jaguar

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bonded honeycomb aluminium structure vehicle technology (ASVT) as the concept car for the chassis. The chassis design featured two box section rails which acted as the suspension mounting points and would provide an

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engineering changes) and that it would be financially viable. The announcement of a limited production run of 220 to 350 cars was made on 20 December 1989. The list price on 1 January 1990 was £290,000 exclusive of

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featured in the concept car, was a heavily redesigned and significantly altered version of the Austin Rover V64V V6 engine. The decision to change the engine was based on engine weight and dimensions, as well as

1569:. The Jaguars had passed scrutiny and completed the first day of qualifying when senior steward Alain Bertaut complained that Jaguar were not running catalytic converters. The cars had been entered under the 3565: 1485:, quickly ruled in Jaguar's favour. The last of the unsold XJ220s were sold for £127,550 plus VAT in 1997. While never officially approved for sale in the United States, the XJ220 was approved under the 1592:, two by PC Automotive Jaguar and two by Chamberlain Engineering, though the latter did not run their cars. Neither team had Jaguar or TWR backing; both of PC Automotive's cars were outpaced by the new 898:

it was necessary to redesign all parts of the engine to accommodate forced induction. A few of the changes included increasing the displacement to 3.5 litres, strengthening the internals and adding two

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from the production car. The braking system was installed without a servo, but a number of owners found the brakes to be difficult to operate when cold and subsequently requested a servo to be fitted.

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The first customer delivery occurred in June 1992 and production rates averaged one car per day. The last XJ220 rolled off the production line in April 1994; the factory was then transferred to

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magazine, Jaguar hoped to attain 220 mph (354 km/h) with the XJ220, mainly for promotional reasons. The decision was made to undertake further high speed testing in June 1992 at the

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The transmission featured triple-cone synchromeshing on first and second gears to handle rapid starts, whilst remaining relatively easy for the driver to engage and providing positive feel.

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followed by violent and snappy pendulous oversteer." Most disappointing was the engine, at idle it sounded "like someone's clanking a bucket of rusty nails together". While its rival, the

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with modifications including fixed headlights, new rear lights with a redesigned double-vane rear wing, and a new interior package. The car also comes with dark green exterior paint.

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response, the driver's ability to control the performance of the car very precisely, and the way in which the engine delivers its power progressively rather than in one short burst.

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as independent witnesses. None of the independent witnesses understood how Jaguar's testing equipment worked. The pre-production XJ220 with chassis number 009 would be driven by

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contractual agreement, TWR and JaguarSport would be responsible for the XJ220. JaguarSport formed a new company, Project XJ220 Ltd., specifically to develop and build the XJ220.

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which achieved a maximum recorded speed of 240.1 mph (386.4 km/h) in March 1998 (also with rev-limiter increased) as the fastest standard production car in the world.

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The concept car was larger than the production model at 5,140 mm (202 in) in length and was 2,000 mm (79 in) wide. It weighed 1,560 kg (3,439 lb).

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describe the ride: "The XJ220 rides over knobbly tarmac with extraordinary dexterity...the big Jag rides urban blacktop better than many sports saloons, never mind supercars."

421:. The partnership succeeded in winning the competition in 1983. Jaguar had started to provide factory support to racing team Group 44 Racing, who were using the Jaguar-engined 382:, England. Its positive reception prompted Jaguar to put the car into production. Approximately 1,500 deposits of £50,000 each were taken and deliveries were planned for 1992. 351:. The XJ220 (with catalytic converter removed) recorded a top speed of 217 mph (349 km/h) during testing by Jaguar at the Nardo test track in Italy. This made it the 3437: 1159:=0.36 with downforce of 1,361 kg (3,000 lb) at 200 mph (322 km/h). The XJ220 was one of the first road cars to intentionally use underbody airflow and the 4911: 4266: 1526: 3877: 3910: 2041: 1632:, airing on ESPN in the summer of 1993 and featuring invited drivers over 50 years old in an elimination format. The competition became a farce due to the cars' viscous 776:. The offer was four times oversubscribed and deposits of £50,000 exclusive of (VAT) were taken from around 1,400 customers. First deliveries were planned for mid-1992. 3142: 3746: 472:

had done. The groundwork for the project was undertaken by Randle over Christmas 1987, when he produced a 1:4 scale cardboard model of a potential Group B racing car.

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and James Weaver were holding fourth position until an engine failure during the night, ending their race, whilst the second XJ220-C retired after leaving the road.

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containing four analogue gauges, including a clock and voltmeter fitted on the front of the drivers door. Air conditioning and green tinted glazing was also fitted.

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Jaguar's marketing department had allocated space on their stand at the motor show for the XJ220, but had not seen the vehicle until its arrival. Jaguar chairman

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by Park Sheet Metal, a specialist automotive engineering company that manufactures concept cars and low-volume niche models for various manufacturers, including

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removal of the catalytic converters, which were not mandated in Europe at the time, increased the power output by around 51 PS (38 kW; 50 hp).

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to design the transmission and four-wheel drive system for the XJ220, with Rolt's son Stuart running the project. Tony Rolt was the Technical Director of

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tested a top speed of 210.5 mph (338.8 km/h), 0–60 mph (97 km/h) acceleration in 4.8 seconds and 12.4 seconds for the standing

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and developed the XJR-6, which was powered by the same Jaguar V12 engine used by Group 44 Racing. The car was launched during the 1985 season.

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proving ill-suited for the oval track the organizers had chosen, producing strange handling characteristics that resulted in several crashes.

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was delivered to the assembly plant at Bloxham. The car, including chassis and body components, consists of approximately 3,000 unique parts.

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Engineering and emissions requirements resulted in significant changes to the specification of the XJ220, most notably the replacement of the

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and a luxurious interior. By comparison, the rear-wheel drive Ferrari had a very basic interior, with no carpets, door handles or a stereo.

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absurdly agile", "the big difference, and it is massive, is how much more exciting, entertaining and accessible the LP640 is to drive."

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to a top speed of 217.1 mph (349 km/h). Owing to the circular nature of the track, some (including the British car magazines

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lubrication. One of five of these engines was chosen and considered to be especially useful as the dry sump would lower the vehicle's

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demonstrating that the vehicle specification shown in the contract matched the vehicle that was delivered and the presiding judge,

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The cardboard model was taken into the Jaguar styling studio and two mock-ups were produced. One was said to be reminiscent of the

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The XJ220's engine had a bore x stroke of 94 mm × 84 mm (3.70 in × 3.31 in), dry sump lubrication,

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that was rated at 352 kW; 471 hp (478 PS) whilst Porsche used a 2.9-litre (180 cu in) twin-turbocharged

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in 1991 and recorded a maximum speed of 212.3 mph (341.7 km/h), which was faster than any production car at the time.

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front and rear bodywork; the engine was tuned to 700 PS (515 kW; 690 hp). The XJ220-S models did away with the

595:. The displacement of the V12 was set at 6.2 litres (6,222 cc) for the XJ220. The engine fitted to the XJ220 concept had 3134: 3112: 1659: 464:

racing cars. Therefore, a project was initiated to design and build a car capable of winning Le Mans "in house", just as the

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calipers acting on the rear brake discs. Feedback from enthusiasts and racing drivers resulted in the decision to drop the

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The XJ220 used a road-legal version of the turbocharged V6 racing engine used in the XJR-10 (pictured) and XJR-11 race cars

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in the event of a frontal impact; these were successfully tested at speeds up to 30 mph (48 km/h). An integral

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prototype, Keith Helfet and Nick Hull, rejoined the project when it became clear that more design work would be needed.

433: 625:, the first sports car to be fitted with such a system. Tony Rolt also had a long involvement with Jaguar, winning the 503: 2617: 1700: 1199:, providing additional structural rigidity for the car and allowing the XJ220 to easily pass stringent crash testing. 352: 4251: 3678: 910:

The V64V engine chosen had a short but successful career as a purpose-designed racing car engine. It was designed by

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flagship model at the same event was overshadowed, as an estimated 90,000 additional visitors came to see the XJ220.

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tested there in 1987. The V64V engine had the additional benefit of being very economical for such a powerful

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The concept car was completed in the early hours of 18 October 1988, the day it was due to be unveiled at the

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to obtain high power outputs from small-displacement engines. Ferrari used a 2.9-litre (180 cu in)

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competitions. The XJ220 made use of engineering work undertaken for Jaguar's then current racing car family.

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category and Bertaut claimed that they needed to run with catalysts. The cars ran in the race under appeal.

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Jaguar had little experience with four-wheel drive systems at the time, having previously only produced

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wind tunnel using a 1:4 scale model, as the project was unable to budget for a full-scale mock-up.

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from 1992 until 1994, in collaboration with the specialist automotive and race engineering company

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The exterior retained the aluminium body panels of the XJ220 concept, but for the production cars

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assembly, modifying their all-wheel drive transaxle assembly from the XJ220 concept into a pure

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Jaguar had performed high speed testing of the pre-production XJ220 with chassis number 004 at

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The production version of the XJ220 used a 3,498 cc (3.5 L; 213.5 cu in)

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over blank cheques to secure a purchase option should the XJ220 concept go into production.

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lap time of 7:46.36 in 1991 which was faster than any production car lap time before it.

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officially opened the factory and unveiled the first production XJ220 in October, 1991.

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A rack and pinion steering was fitted, with 2.5 turns lock to lock; the steering had

1216: 1003: 969: 941: 850:(34 in) shorter. The Porsche's specifications were closer to the Jaguar's, with 674: 560: 480: 469: 465: 444: 316: 4037: 684:-trimmed interior trimmed by Callow & Maddox and was fitted with front and rear 4821: 4816: 4811: 4741: 4737: 4480: 3204: 2465: 2089: 1625: 1597: 1549: 1307: 1267:

directly behind and above the rear portion of the engine, also trimmed in leather.

1188: 1138: 923: 915: 689: 564: 548: 488: 448: 440: 422: 390: 326: 115: 3100: 1746:

A lower speed of 216 mph was recorded by the second on-board telemetry device

1737:

A lower speed of 211.2 mph was recorded by a second on-board telemetry device

3811: 3778: 3208: 4851: 4826: 4794: 4661: 4473: 4450: 4289: 4001:"Meryl and Bob on track for love; Falling in Love (BBC1, 11.50pm – 1.40am)" 3969: 3108: 2880: 2274: 2215: 1843: 1679: 1662:

and set the lap record at an average speed of 180.4 mph (290.3 km/h).

1284: 1239: 1212: 862: 831: 827: 761: 638: 484: 476: 344: 298: 103: 71: 2304:

Martin, J. A.; Fuller, Michael J. (15 April 2008). "Group 44 Inc. And Jaguar".

1498:

journalist David Vivian, writing a head-to-head test between the XJ220 and the

4806: 4726: 4701: 4497: 4492: 4485: 1639:

TWR developed a further six road cars called the XJ220-S, featuring one-piece

1473: 1452: 1384: 1163:

to generate downforce. Additionally, the XJ220 could be ordered with optional

1014:). In contrast, the Jaguar saloon having the smallest engine of the time, the 814: 745: 697: 580: 540: 508: 439:

TWR took over the IMSA GT Championship operation in 1988 and one model –

414: 379: 340: 133: 1047:

problematic for the customer. FF Developments were contracted to provide the

940:. The engine was manufactured with an aluminium cylinder block and aluminium 4780: 4537: 3547: 3397: 1530: 1196: 1192: 1052: 874: 842: 666: 659: 646: 634: 622: 610: 576: 393: 264: 214: 137: 2908:"In 1987, The World's Fastest Cars Couldn't Catch A 211-mph Twin-Turbo Ruf" 1029:

The engine was manufactured and built at the new purpose-built facility in

994:

it only amounted to 210.5 mph (339 km/h), it was slower than the

567:

variant of their V12 engine specifically for motorsport use. It featured a

4071: 945:

seconds and could attain a top speed of 212.3 mph (341.7 km/h).

3603: 2843: 911: 717: 685: 596: 588: 151: 1349:

magazine together with a photographer and a BBC cameraman recording for

51: 3542:

Carson, Sean (7 February 2012). "Jaguar XJ220: An endangered species".

2609: 2431: 2429: 1280: 1276: 1048: 999: 919: 757: 670: 665:

The bodywork for the concept car displayed in 1988 was hand built from

528: 430: 368: 99: 4038:"Will the Prince Turn Pauper? Billions Later, Jefri's in a Royal Mess" 1670:

The Jaguar XJ220 Pininfarina is a special XJ220 built in 1995 for the

1525:

motor show; given the model name XJ220-C, it was built to compete in

968:, which reduce the power output of the engine. During testing at the 413:

approached Jaguar executives and encouraged the company to enter the

374:

The initial XJ220 concept car was unveiled to the public at the 1988

355:

from 1992 to 1993. According to Jaguar, an XJ220 prototype managed a

188: 2548:"Jaguar XJ220 Application Form – Terms and Conditions of Order" 447:. The normally-aspirated Austin Rover V64V engine, designed for the 2971: 1170:

The rear lights used on the production XJ220 were sourced from the

866:

The production XJ220's V6 engine is visible through the rear window

1624:

The XJ220-C was promoted in the United States in the-made-for-TV "

1602: 1510: 1250: 1183: 1128: 934: 861: 826:

The development team looked at the two principal competitors, the

795: 783: 713: 518: 502: 367:

racing cars of the 1950s and 1960s that could be entered into FIA

1275:

The car was assembled in a purpose-built factory at Wykham Mill,

547:

The name XJ220 was chosen as a continuation of the naming of the

3716: 2955: 1581:(ACO) (English: Automobile Club of the West), organisers of the 1069:

AP Racing provided an 8.5 in (22 cm) diameter clutch.

4255: 1988:"Flat-out for 40 years: happy birthday to the Nardo test track" 479:, the other took elements of the then current XJ41 project and 2162: 1404:. The first car was launched for press review in Autumn 1991. 637:

and sent it through the V in the centre of the engine using a

3934:"Fast Masters Was a Demolition Derby Featuring Jaguar XJ220s" 1617:

in 1993, although without factory support; where it raced in

1006:, according to Jaguar it was capable of achieving 32 mpg 3267:(40 ed.). London: Guinness World Records. p. 118. 1613:

A lightly modified road-going XJ220 was also entered in the

491:, was chosen as it was "more obviously Jaguar in its look". 3818:(in French and English). Automobile Club de l'Ouest. 1995. 3785:(in French and English). Automobile Club de l'Ouest. 1993. 1682:

with the redesigned body being manufactured by coach maker

677:

and a transparent engine cover to show off the V12 engine.

1621:

livery. This entry predated the factory's Le Mans entry.

452:

and purchased the design rights from Austin Rover Group.

4133:

Heilig, John; Adler, Dennis; Leffingwell, Randy (2004).

3080: 3078: 3076: 3051: 3049: 3047: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2956:"The Jaguar XJ220 Triple-Cone Synchronizer A Case Study" 2937: 2935: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2490: 2488: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2327: 2325: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2112: 1434:

Ergonomics and ride were also praised by Gavin Green in

1059:

design for the production car. The transaxle featured a

3566:"Rowan Atkinson decides: Bugatti Veyron or McLaren F1?" 1905:"Marking 20 Years Since The Launch of the Jaguar XJ220" 2463:

Henry, Alan (9 February 2008). "Obituary: Tony Rolt".

2435: 1724:

Jaguar and Aston Martin came under the control of the

1167:

wheels for improved brake ventilation and aesthetics.

3101:"Jaguar XJ220 Flying Visit Tour – Model History" 1608:

Jaguar XJ220 GT, raced in the Italian GT championship

1492:

The XJ220 appeared in later motoring press articles;

523:

The Four-Valve Jaguar V12 engine in the XJ220 concept

285:

2,009 mm (79.1 in) (excluding wing mirrors)

3806: 3804: 3663:"TWR Racing – Engineering Excellence XJ220-C". 914:

engine designer David Wood for Austin Rover Group's

3358:Green, Gavin (August 1992). "The last temptation". 3321:Frankel, Andrew (19 October 1992). "Jaguar XJ220". 2877:

Jaguar Communications and Public Affairs Department

2212:

Jaguar Communications and Public Affairs Department

2019:Meaden, Richard (July 2000). "Kings of the 'Ring". 322: 312: 307: 297: 289: 281: 273: 263: 258: 245: 224: 187: 182: 157: 144: 127: 122: 109: 94: 84: 63: 58: 44: 4210: 4036: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1810: 712:The chassis was manufactured from aluminium using 238:475 lb⋅ft (644 N⋅m) (production version) 3783:61ème Edition des 24 Heures du Mans – 70 ans 3511:"Motoring: Burnt fingers for hot car speculators" 3201:"Aston Martin Lagonda Ltd – Company History" 1808: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1790: 704:CD player. The dashboard was supplied by Veglia. 3316: 3314: 1588:Four cars were entered in the GT1 class for the 1372:car was hitting the rev limiter during the run. 1133:Rear three-quarters view of the production XJ220 629:with the factory works team driving the C-Type. 2637: 2635: 2604: 2602: 2364: 645:. The clutch was a twin-plate unit designed by 3375:Gillies, Mark (March 1994). "Blessed Things". 3353: 3351: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2069: 4267: 4135:Sports Car Icons: Jaguar, Ferrari and Porsche 3632:"Lamborghini Murcielago LP640 v Jaguar XJ220" 3338:Barker, John (October 1992). "Jaguar XJ220". 3095: 3093: 2726:"Jaguar Plans – Motor Sport Magazine Archive" 2542: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2532: 8: 3842:"Le Mans 24 Hours 1995 – Photo Gallery" 2036: 2034: 2032: 1521:A racing version was introduced at the 1993 343:produced by British luxury car manufacturer 30:For the computer game of the same name, see 27:Mid-engine sports car manufactured by Jaguar 3293:"13 motoring disasters for Friday the 13th" 1899: 1897: 964:The XJ220's exhaust system consists of two 4912:Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive vehicles 4274: 4260: 4252: 4152:Holloway, Hilton; Buckley, Martin (2003). 3457: 3455: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1696:List of Nürburgring Nordschleife lap times 1061:viscous coupling limited slip differential 809:where he led the team responsible for the 531:regulations steered the concept towards a 50: 41: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 1544:Three works XJ220-Cs were entered in the 4305: 4292:road and race car timeline, 1980–2019 — 3504: 3502: 3500: 3286: 3284: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2458: 2456: 1071: 3868:"Martini Racing icons: picture special" 3812:"Classement des 24 heures du Mans 1995" 3779:"Classement des 24 heures du Mans 1993" 3187: 3175: 3084: 3067: 3055: 3001: 2941: 2816: 2814: 2793: 2674: 2593: 2576: 2523: 2511: 2494: 2479: 2420: 2352: 2331: 2299: 2297: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2124: 1868: 1759: 1717: 1182:The production model utilised the same 507:Jaguar XJ220 concept car featuring the 233:400 lb⋅ft (542 N⋅m) (concept) 4322: 4319: 4316: 4313: 3848:from the original on 26 September 2012 3440:from the original on 15 September 2016 3422: 3420: 3163: 2805: 2447: 2436:Heilig, Adler & Leffingwell (2004) 2270:"JAGUAR XJ220 – THE INSIDE STORY" 2255: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 1575:International Motor Sports Association 1444:In a comparison test published in the 1263:The luggage space consists of a small 236:542 hp; 405 kW (550 PS) 231:500 hp; 373 kW (507 PS) 4308: 4192:Jaguar XJ 220 – The Inside Story 3822:from the original on 6 September 2011 3789:from the original on 6 September 2011 3693:from the original on 25 November 2020 2768:from the original on 28 February 2020 2732:from the original on 16 December 2018 2306:Inside IMSA's Legendary GTP Race Cars 2000:from the original on 23 February 2017 1967:from the original on 11 November 2022 1919:from the original on 17 February 2017 1775:from the original on 18 February 2018 1018:could only achieve around 24 mpg 7: 3944:from the original on 12 January 2021 3913:from the original on 27 October 2014 3901:"Jaguar Takes Lumps With Goosebumps" 3844:. Racing Sports Cars. 18 June 1995. 3611:from the original on 22 October 2014 3032:from the original on 28 January 2013 3016:"Jaguar XJ220 tuned by Overdrive AD" 2391:from the original on 3 November 2012 1658:, tested an XJ220-S in June 1995 at 1010:(8.8 L/100 km; 27 mpg 813:, and was a project manager for the 800:Jaguar XJ220 with aftermarket wheels 3932:Perkins, Chris (27 December 2018). 3816:63ème Edition des 24 Heures du Mans 3644:from the original on 6 October 2013 2097:from the original on 6 October 2013 1533:won its first race, a round of the 1337:in Italy, with one journalist from 1022:(12 L/100 km; 20 mpg 660:Motor Industry Research Association 4802:Advanced Lightweight Coupe Concept 4173:Keith Martin on Collecting Ferrari 4082:from the original on 23 March 2024 3981:from the original on 23 March 2024 3747:"Richard Hammond drives the icons" 3723:from the original on 23 March 2024 3597:Vettraino, J.T. (7 January 2001). 3509:Ruppert, James (6 December 1997). 3265:The Guinness Book of World Records 3135:"Jaguar XJ220 Anniversary Reunion" 3014:Dobie, Stephen (25 January 2013). 2920:from the original on 2 August 2019 884:. This engine, which replaced the 877:, which was given the designation 487:racing car. The second design, by 25: 4101:Burdick, Chris (9 October 2006). 4013:from the original on 12 July 2018 3880:from the original on 26 June 2013 3523:from the original on 5 March 2016 3428:"Jaguar XJ 220, der riesige Flop" 3405:from the original on 24 June 2016 3244:from the original on 13 June 2013 3230:Frankel, Andrew (28 April 2013). 3145:from the original on 21 June 2015 2978:from the original on 21 June 2015 2642:Hong, Patrick (1 December 2002). 2377:Fletcher, Rivers (17 July 1996). 2268:Aucock, Richard (8 August 2012). 2165:. 1 February 2012. Archived from 1850:from the original on 2 April 2015 1535:BRDC National Sports GT Challenge 1529:GT racing. The XJ220-C driven by 1310:and used for the assembly of the 696:, heated electrically adjustable 544:of future contracts from Jaguar. 419:European Touring Car Championship 173:Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive 4105:. Automoblog.net. Archived from 4051:from the original on 12 May 2015 3291:Biggs, Henry (13 October 2006). 3115:from the original on 4 July 2013 2954:Sykes, Lee M. (3 January 1994). 2887:from the original on 4 July 2013 2706:from the original on 28 May 2014 2694:"Birth of an icon: MG Metro 6R4" 2558:from the original on 4 July 2013 2282:from the original on 1 July 2013 2222:from the original on 5 July 2013 2208:"Jaguar Unleases XJ220 Supercar" 1836:"Jaguar XJ220 Information Sheet" 1769:"Jaguar XJ220, the inside story" 1767:Richard Aucock (8 August 2012). 738:British International Motor Show 376:British International Motor Show 167:Rear mid-engine, all-wheel-drive 4072:"1995 Jaguar XJ220 Pininfarina" 3963:Rigby, Matt (17 January 2012). 1641:carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer 1209:double unequal length wishbones 1195:formed part of the chassis and 303:1,470 kg (3,240.8 lb) 3232:"Jaguar XJ41: The lost F-type" 3105:Jaguar XJ220 Flying Visit Tour 2962:. SAE Technical Paper Series. 2308:. Motorbooks. pp. 51–52. 1577:(IMSA) officials wrote to the 1380:Guinness Book of World Records 563:had previously developed a 48- 1: 4922:24 Hours of Le Mans race cars 4213:A to Z British cars 1945–1980 3899:Siano, Joseph (4 July 1993). 2365:Holloway & Buckley (2003) 1986:Taylor, James (1 July 2015). 641:, before joining an inverted 277:4,930 mm (194.1 in) 269:2,640 mm (103.9 in) 4554:S-Type (X200-X202-X204-X206) 4175:. Motorbooks International. 1947:Green, Gavin (August 1992). 938:electronic engine management 571:layout with four valves per 434:World Sportscar Championship 293:1,150 mm (45.3 in) 3630:Vivian, David (June 2009). 2906:Egan, Peter (29 May 2016). 2153:"The Jaguar XJ220 turns 20" 1701:Production car speed record 1548:race, in the newly created 1219:, with Bilstein gas-filled 206:3.5 L (3,498 cc) 196:6.2 L (6,222 cc) 4938: 4798: 4721: 4719: 4705: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4636: 4634: 4614: 4548: 4525: 4523: 4501: 4491: 4472: 4462: 4103:"Jaguar XJ220 Pininfarina" 2692:Eveleigh, Ian (May 2010). 1909:Jaguar Land Rover Newsroom 1634:Limited-slip differentials 1579:Automobile Club de l'Ouest 1189:energy absorbing structure 998:at the same event and the 931:multi point fuel injection 811:Ford Sierra RS500 Cosworth 742:National Exhibition Centre 29: 4793: 4786: 4784: 4779: 4777: 4772: 4770: 4765: 4732: 4730: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4693: 4691: 4673: 4671: 4653: 4651: 4632: 4627: 4619: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4569: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4550: 4536: 4534: 4529: 4527: 4511: 4506: 4496: 4484: 4459: 4454: 4303: 2379:"Obituary: Walter Hassan" 2278:. Haymarket Media Group. 1630:Indianapolis Raceway Park 905:double overhead camshafts 559:Jaguar's engine designer 483:'s work on the stillborn 49: 32:Jaguar XJ220 (video game) 18:Jaguar XJ220 (racing car) 4444: 4441: 4438: 4435: 4432: 4429: 4426: 4423: 4420: 4417: 4414: 4411: 4408: 4405: 4402: 4399: 4396: 4393: 4390: 4387: 4384: 4381: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4363: 4360: 4357: 4354: 4351: 4348: 4345: 4342: 4339: 4336: 4333: 4330: 4327: 3965:"SPOTTED: JAGUAR XJ220S" 3263:Matthews, Peter (1994). 2758:"The history of the 6R4" 2042:"1992–1994 JAGUAR XJ220" 1666:Jaguar XJ220 Pininfarina 1660:Millbrook Proving Ground 1590:1995 24 Hours of Le Mans 1546:1993 24 Hours of Le Mans 1362:1990 24 Hours of Le Mans 1289:Diana, Princess of Wales 1229:anti-lock braking system 933:with dual injectors and 723:anti-lock braking system 627:1953 24 Hours of Le Mans 609:cars. Randle approached 569:double overhead camshaft 4917:Cars introduced in 1992 4232:Porter, Philip (1994). 4209:Robson, Graham (2006). 4154:20th Century Car Design 4137:. Motor International. 4044:The Wall Street Journal 2554:. Project XJ220. 1990. 1840:Jaguar Cars XJ220 Sales 1615:Italian GT Championship 1523:Autosport International 1031:Kidlington, Oxfordshire 774:indexation of contracts 555:Engine and transmission 4190:Moreton, Mike (2010). 4171:Martin, Keith (2004). 2552:XJ220 Application Form 1610: 1518: 1500:Lamborghini Murciélago 1256: 1205:independent suspension 1134: 891:environmental emission 867: 801: 789: 680:The concept car had a 539:layout, with a Jaguar 524: 516: 353:fastest production car 4520:Compact executive car 4236:. Osprey Publishing. 4194:. Veloce Publishing. 4006:Scottish Daily Record 3975:Haymarket Media Group 3665:Tom Walkinshaw Racing 3433:Auto, Motor und Sport 1606: 1514: 1318:Guinness World Record 1254: 1132: 1063:to improve traction. 865: 799: 787: 653:Bodywork and interior 522: 506: 398:early 1990s recession 349:Tom Walkinshaw Racing 3436:. 25 February 2014. 2960:SAE Technical Papers 2823:January 1995 p.63-71 1567:catalytic converters 1324:Fort Stockton, Texas 966:catalytic converters 760:'s display of their 740:, being held at the 583:models at the time. 513:British Motor Museum 427:IMSA GT Championship 217:(production version) 175:(production version) 3401:. 15 October 2010. 3211:on 25 February 2014 2840:"1994 Jaguar XJ220" 2838:Coy's Auctioneers. 2756:Sim, David (2011). 2218:. 18 October 1988. 2093:. 2 February 2010. 1915:. 30 January 2012. 1628:" racing series at 1583:24 Hours of Le Mans 1489:exemption by 2001. 1395:Reception and sales 975:1990 Le Mans Winner 961:mile (402 m). 882:Jaguar JRV-6 engine 718:rear wheel steering 365:24 Hours of Le Mans 3906:The New York Times 3111:and RTA PR. 1992. 2873:"The Jaguar XJ220" 2644:"Extreme Machines" 1726:Ford Motor Company 1611: 1519: 1360:, who had won the 1257: 1135: 868: 802: 790: 780:Production version 686:heated windscreens 525: 517: 409:Racing team owner 4889: 4888: 4884: 4883: 4624: 4488: 4296: 4286: 4243:978-1-8553-2397-1 4224:978-0-9541-0639-3 4201:978-1-84584-250-5 4182:978-0-7603-1971-0 4163:978-1-84222-835-7 4156:. Carlton Books. 4144:978-0-7603-1777-8 4009:. 13 March 1999. 3759:on 15 August 2012 3752:Top Gear Magazine 3713:"David Coulthard" 3679:"David Coulthard" 3479:Targa Florio Cars 3464:June 1993 p.34-43 3139:Classic Car Buyer 3026:Dennis Publishing 2620:on 1 October 2011 2054:on 7 October 2013 1913:Jaguar Land Rover 1596:. Richard Piper, 1343:and one from the 1158: 1122: 1121: 886:Jaguar V12 engine 872:twin-turbocharged 840:twin-turbocharged 619:Ferguson Research 593:centre of gravity 387:Jaguar V12 engine 333: 332: 225:Power output 208:twin-turbocharged 79: 16:(Redirected from 4929: 4622: 4503:XK8 / XKR (X100) 4486: 4306: 4294: 4284: 4276: 4269: 4262: 4253: 4247: 4228: 4216: 4205: 4186: 4167: 4148: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4098: 4092: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4067: 4061: 4060: 4058: 4056: 4040: 4035:(1 March 2008). 4029: 4023: 4022: 4020: 4018: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3960: 3954: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3938:Road & Track 3929: 3923: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3876:. 23 June 2013. 3864: 3858: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3838: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3808: 3799: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3775: 3769: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3755:. Archived from 3743:Hammond, Richard 3739: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3709: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3675: 3669: 3668: 3660: 3654: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3627: 3621: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3594: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3574:. Archived from 3558: 3552: 3551: 3539: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3506: 3495: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3481:. Archived from 3471: 3465: 3459: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3424: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3389: 3383: 3382: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3355: 3346: 3345: 3335: 3329: 3328: 3318: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3288: 3279: 3278: 3260: 3254: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3207:. Archived from 3197: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3173: 3167: 3161: 3155: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3131: 3125: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3097: 3088: 3082: 3071: 3065: 3059: 3053: 3042: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2951: 2945: 2939: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2913:Road & Track 2903: 2897: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2869: 2856: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2846:on 19 April 2014 2842:. Archived from 2835: 2824: 2821:Road & Track 2818: 2809: 2803: 2797: 2791: 2778: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2753: 2742: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2722: 2716: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2689: 2678: 2672: 2661: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2649:Road & Track 2639: 2630: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2616:. Archived from 2606: 2597: 2591: 2580: 2574: 2568: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2544: 2527: 2521: 2515: 2509: 2498: 2492: 2483: 2477: 2471: 2470: 2460: 2451: 2445: 2439: 2433: 2424: 2418: 2401: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2374: 2368: 2362: 2356: 2350: 2335: 2329: 2320: 2319: 2301: 2292: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2265: 2232: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2204: 2179: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2149: 2128: 2122: 2107: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2081: 2064: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2050:. Archived from 2038: 2027: 2026: 2016: 2010: 2009: 2007: 2005: 1983: 1977: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1966: 1953: 1944: 1929: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1901: 1872: 1866: 1860: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1832: 1785: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1771:. Piston heads. 1764: 1747: 1744: 1738: 1735: 1729: 1722: 1674:and his brother 1672:Sultan of Brunei 1645:hidden headlamps 1429: 1412: 1402:Tokyo Motor Show 1340:Road & Track 1312:Aston Martin DB7 1236:power assistance 1154: 1148:drag coefficient 1072: 1057:rear-wheel drive 991:Road & Track 960: 959: 955: 948:Road & Track 836:forced induction 694:air conditioning 690:electric windows 682:Connolly Leather 607:rear-wheel drive 299:Kerb weight 123:Body and chassis 118:under Jim Randle 98:United Kingdom: 70: 54: 42: 21: 4937: 4936: 4932: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4927: 4926: 4902:Jaguar vehicles 4892: 4891: 4890: 4885: 4616:XJ12 Series III 4609:XJ / XJR (X351) 4559:XF / XFR (X250) 4508:XK / XKR (X150) 4299: 4280: 4250: 4244: 4231: 4225: 4208: 4202: 4189: 4183: 4170: 4164: 4151: 4145: 4132: 4123: 4122: 4112: 4110: 4100: 4099: 4095: 4085: 4083: 4070:Owen, Richard. 4069: 4068: 4064: 4054: 4052: 4031: 4030: 4026: 4016: 4014: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3984: 3982: 3962: 3961: 3957: 3947: 3945: 3931: 3930: 3926: 3916: 3914: 3898: 3897: 3893: 3883: 3881: 3866: 3865: 3861: 3851: 3849: 3840: 3839: 3835: 3825: 3823: 3810: 3809: 3802: 3792: 3790: 3777: 3776: 3772: 3762: 3760: 3741: 3740: 3736: 3726: 3724: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3696: 3694: 3677: 3676: 3672: 3662: 3661: 3657: 3647: 3645: 3629: 3628: 3624: 3614: 3612: 3596: 3595: 3591: 3581: 3579: 3564:(August 2011). 3562:Atkinson, Rowan 3560: 3559: 3555: 3541: 3540: 3536: 3526: 3524: 3516:The Independent 3508: 3507: 3498: 3488: 3486: 3485:on 29 June 2013 3473: 3472: 3468: 3460: 3453: 3443: 3441: 3426: 3425: 3418: 3408: 3406: 3393:"Das Superding" 3391: 3390: 3386: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3357: 3356: 3349: 3341:Performance Car 3337: 3336: 3332: 3320: 3319: 3312: 3302: 3300: 3290: 3289: 3282: 3275: 3262: 3261: 3257: 3247: 3245: 3229: 3228: 3224: 3214: 3212: 3199: 3198: 3194: 3186: 3182: 3174: 3170: 3162: 3158: 3148: 3146: 3141:. 6 June 2012. 3133: 3132: 3128: 3118: 3116: 3099: 3098: 3091: 3083: 3074: 3066: 3062: 3054: 3045: 3035: 3033: 3013: 3012: 3008: 3000: 2991: 2981: 2979: 2953: 2952: 2948: 2940: 2933: 2923: 2921: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2890: 2888: 2883:. August 1992. 2871: 2870: 2859: 2849: 2847: 2837: 2836: 2827: 2819: 2812: 2804: 2800: 2792: 2781: 2771: 2769: 2755: 2754: 2745: 2735: 2733: 2728:. 7 July 2014. 2724: 2723: 2719: 2709: 2707: 2691: 2690: 2681: 2673: 2664: 2654: 2652: 2641: 2640: 2633: 2623: 2621: 2608: 2607: 2600: 2592: 2583: 2575: 2571: 2561: 2559: 2546: 2545: 2530: 2522: 2518: 2510: 2501: 2493: 2486: 2478: 2474: 2462: 2461: 2454: 2446: 2442: 2434: 2427: 2419: 2404: 2394: 2392: 2384:The Independent 2376: 2375: 2371: 2363: 2359: 2351: 2338: 2330: 2323: 2316: 2303: 2302: 2295: 2285: 2283: 2267: 2266: 2235: 2225: 2223: 2206: 2205: 2182: 2172: 2170: 2169:on 29 June 2013 2151: 2150: 2131: 2123: 2110: 2100: 2098: 2083: 2082: 2067: 2057: 2055: 2040: 2039: 2030: 2018: 2017: 2013: 2003: 2001: 1985: 1984: 1980: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1951: 1946: 1945: 1932: 1922: 1920: 1903: 1902: 1875: 1867: 1863: 1853: 1851: 1834: 1833: 1788: 1778: 1776: 1766: 1765: 1761: 1751: 1750: 1745: 1741: 1736: 1732: 1723: 1719: 1709: 1692: 1668: 1652:, a writer for 1609: 1562:David Coulthard 1517: 1509: 1487:Show or Display 1427: 1419:Performance Car 1410: 1397: 1320: 1273: 1249: 1180: 1127: 1044: 1025: 1021: 1013: 1009: 957: 953: 952: 922:rally car, the 860: 852:all-wheel drive 847:flat-six engine 824: 807:Ford Motorsport 782: 770:value-added tax 734: 710: 655: 615:FF Developments 600:connecting rods 557: 537:all-wheel-drive 501: 407: 241: 237: 232: 220: 178: 146:Body style 89: 68: 40: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4935: 4933: 4925: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4894: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4882: 4881: 4880: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4832:F-Type concept 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4797: 4791: 4790: 4785: 4783: 4778: 4776: 4771: 4769: 4764: 4731: 4729: 4723: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4704: 4698: 4697: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4678: 4677: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4658: 4657: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4642:Subcompact SUV 4638: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4626: 4618: 4612: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4579:XJ6 Series III 4576: 4567: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4541: 4540: 4535: 4533: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4516: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4483: 4477: 4476: 4471: 4461: 4458: 4453: 4447: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4437: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4413: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4392: 4389: 4386: 4383: 4380: 4377: 4374: 4371: 4368: 4365: 4362: 4359: 4356: 4353: 4350: 4347: 4344: 4341: 4338: 4335: 4332: 4329: 4325: 4324: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4312: 4304: 4301: 4300: 4281: 4279: 4278: 4271: 4264: 4256: 4249: 4248: 4242: 4229: 4223: 4206: 4200: 4187: 4181: 4168: 4162: 4149: 4143: 4129: 4121: 4120: 4109:on 11 May 2013 4093: 4062: 4033:Maremont, Mark 4024: 3992: 3955: 3924: 3891: 3859: 3833: 3800: 3770: 3734: 3704: 3670: 3655: 3622: 3589: 3553: 3534: 3496: 3475:"Jaguar XJ220" 3466: 3451: 3416: 3384: 3367: 3347: 3330: 3310: 3280: 3274:978-0851125121 3273: 3255: 3222: 3192: 3188:Moreton (2010) 3180: 3176:Moreton (2010) 3168: 3166:, p. 127. 3156: 3126: 3089: 3085:Moreton (2010) 3072: 3068:Moreton (2010) 3060: 3056:Moreton (2010) 3043: 3006: 3002:Moreton (2010) 2989: 2972:10.4271/940737 2946: 2942:Moreton (2010) 2931: 2898: 2857: 2825: 2810: 2808:, p. 126. 2798: 2794:Moreton (2010) 2779: 2743: 2717: 2679: 2675:Moreton (2010) 2662: 2631: 2598: 2594:Moreton (2010) 2581: 2577:Moreton (2010) 2569: 2528: 2524:Moreton (2010) 2516: 2512:Moreton (2010) 2499: 2495:Moreton (2010) 2484: 2480:Moreton (2010) 2472: 2452: 2440: 2425: 2421:Moreton (2010) 2402: 2369: 2357: 2353:Moreton (2010) 2336: 2332:Moreton (2010) 2321: 2315:978-0760330692 2314: 2293: 2233: 2180: 2129: 2125:Moreton (2010) 2108: 2085:"Jaguar XJ220" 2065: 2028: 2011: 1978: 1930: 1873: 1869:Moreton (2010) 1861: 1786: 1758: 1757: 1749: 1748: 1739: 1730: 1716: 1715: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1703: 1698: 1691: 1688: 1667: 1664: 1607: 1594:McLaren F1 GTR 1515: 1508: 1505: 1483:John Donaldson 1457:Bugatti EB 110 1396: 1393: 1358:Martin Brundle 1319: 1316: 1272: 1269: 1248: 1245: 1217:anti-roll bars 1179: 1176: 1161:venturi effect 1126: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1095: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1043: 1040: 1023: 1019: 1011: 1007: 996:Bugatti EB 110 978:Martin Brundle 942:cylinder heads 879:Jaguar/TWR JV6 859: 856: 823: 820: 781: 778: 733: 730: 709: 706: 654: 651: 556: 553: 500: 497: 417:into the 1981 411:Tom Walkinshaw 406: 403: 339:is a two-seat 331: 330: 324: 320: 319: 314: 310: 309: 305: 304: 301: 295: 294: 291: 287: 286: 283: 279: 278: 275: 271: 270: 267: 261: 260: 256: 255: 249: 243: 242: 240: 239: 234: 228: 226: 222: 221: 219: 218: 204: 193: 191: 185: 184: 180: 179: 177: 176: 170: 163: 161: 155: 154: 148: 142: 141: 131: 125: 124: 120: 119: 113: 107: 106: 96: 92: 91: 90:(282 produced) 86: 82: 81: 65: 61: 60: 56: 55: 47: 46: 38: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4934: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4899: 4897: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4857:XJ220 concept 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4799: 4796: 4792: 4789: 4782: 4775: 4768: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4728: 4725: 4724: 4715: 4710: 4703: 4700: 4699: 4696: 4695:F-Pace (X761) 4683: 4682:Crossover SUV 4680: 4679: 4676: 4663: 4660: 4659: 4656: 4655:E-Pace (X540) 4643: 4640: 4639: 4630: 4625: 4617: 4613: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4572: 4568: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4546: 4545:Executive car 4543: 4542: 4539: 4532: 4531:X-Type (X400) 4521: 4518: 4517: 4514: 4513:F-Type (X152) 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4482: 4479: 4478: 4475: 4469: 4465: 4457: 4452: 4449: 4448: 4326: 4311: 4307: 4302: 4298: 4291: 4287: 4277: 4272: 4270: 4265: 4263: 4258: 4257: 4254: 4245: 4239: 4235: 4230: 4226: 4220: 4215: 4214: 4207: 4203: 4197: 4193: 4188: 4184: 4178: 4174: 4169: 4165: 4159: 4155: 4150: 4146: 4140: 4136: 4131: 4130: 4128: 4127: 4108: 4104: 4097: 4094: 4081: 4077: 4076:Supercars.net 4073: 4066: 4063: 4050: 4046: 4045: 4039: 4034: 4028: 4025: 4012: 4008: 4007: 4002: 3996: 3993: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3971: 3966: 3959: 3956: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3928: 3925: 3912: 3908: 3907: 3902: 3895: 3892: 3879: 3875: 3874: 3869: 3863: 3860: 3847: 3843: 3837: 3834: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3807: 3805: 3801: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3774: 3771: 3758: 3754: 3753: 3748: 3744: 3738: 3735: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3708: 3705: 3692: 3688: 3687:Red Bull GmbH 3684: 3680: 3674: 3671: 3666: 3659: 3656: 3643: 3639: 3638: 3633: 3626: 3623: 3610: 3606: 3605: 3600: 3593: 3590: 3578:on 8 May 2013 3577: 3573: 3572: 3567: 3563: 3557: 3554: 3549: 3545: 3538: 3535: 3522: 3518: 3517: 3512: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3497: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3470: 3467: 3463: 3458: 3456: 3452: 3439: 3435: 3434: 3429: 3423: 3421: 3417: 3404: 3400: 3399: 3394: 3388: 3385: 3380: 3379: 3371: 3368: 3363: 3362: 3354: 3352: 3348: 3343: 3342: 3334: 3331: 3326: 3325: 3317: 3315: 3311: 3298: 3294: 3287: 3285: 3281: 3276: 3270: 3266: 3259: 3256: 3243: 3239: 3238: 3233: 3226: 3223: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3196: 3193: 3190:, p. 82. 3189: 3184: 3181: 3178:, p. 85. 3177: 3172: 3169: 3165: 3164:Porter (1994) 3160: 3157: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3130: 3127: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3096: 3094: 3090: 3087:, p. 87. 3086: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3070:, p. 88. 3069: 3064: 3061: 3058:, p. 56. 3057: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3044: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3022: 3017: 3010: 3007: 3004:, p. 51. 3003: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2990: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2950: 2947: 2944:, p. 47. 2943: 2938: 2936: 2932: 2919: 2915: 2914: 2909: 2902: 2899: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2858: 2845: 2841: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2817: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2806:Porter (1994) 2802: 2799: 2796:, p. 57. 2795: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2780: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2744: 2731: 2727: 2721: 2718: 2705: 2701: 2700: 2695: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2677:, p. 45. 2676: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2651: 2650: 2645: 2638: 2636: 2632: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2605: 2603: 2599: 2596:, p. 52. 2595: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2582: 2579:, p. 41. 2578: 2573: 2570: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2520: 2517: 2514:, p. 38. 2513: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2500: 2497:, p. 34. 2496: 2491: 2489: 2485: 2482:, p. 37. 2481: 2476: 2473: 2468: 2467: 2459: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2448:Robson (2006) 2444: 2441: 2438:, p. 85. 2437: 2432: 2430: 2426: 2423:, p. 33. 2422: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2403: 2390: 2386: 2385: 2380: 2373: 2370: 2366: 2361: 2358: 2355:, p. 31. 2354: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2337: 2334:, p. 30. 2333: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2317: 2311: 2307: 2300: 2298: 2294: 2281: 2277: 2276: 2271: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2181: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2159: 2154: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2130: 2127:, p. 29. 2126: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2096: 2092: 2091: 2086: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2053: 2049: 2048: 2043: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2025:. p. 85. 2024: 2023: 2015: 2012: 1999: 1995: 1994: 1989: 1982: 1979: 1963: 1959: 1958: 1950: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1871:, p. 42. 1870: 1865: 1862: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1774: 1770: 1763: 1760: 1756: 1755: 1743: 1740: 1734: 1731: 1727: 1721: 1718: 1714: 1713: 1706: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1657: 1656: 1651: 1650:Colin Goodwin 1646: 1642: 1637: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1622: 1620: 1616: 1605: 1601: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1586: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1559: 1558:David Brabham 1555: 1551: 1550:Grand Touring 1547: 1542: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1516:Jaguar XJ220S 1513: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1497: 1496: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1478: 1475: 1470: 1464: 1460: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1448: 1442: 1439: 1438: 1432: 1426: 1421: 1420: 1415: 1409: 1405: 1403: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1386: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1354: 1348: 1347: 1342: 1341: 1336: 1332: 1329:According to 1327: 1325: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1304: 1302: 1301:body in white 1296: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1270: 1268: 1266: 1261: 1253: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1237: 1232: 1230: 1224: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1200: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1185: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1140: 1131: 1124: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1032: 1027: 1017: 1005: 1004:petrol engine 1001: 997: 993: 992: 987: 983: 979: 976: 971: 967: 962: 950: 949: 943: 939: 936: 932: 927: 925: 921: 917: 913: 908: 906: 901: 895: 892: 887: 883: 880: 876: 873: 864: 857: 855: 853: 848: 844: 841: 837: 833: 829: 821: 819: 816: 812: 808: 798: 794: 786: 779: 777: 775: 771: 765: 763: 759: 754: 749: 747: 743: 739: 731: 729: 726: 724: 719: 715: 707: 705: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 678: 676: 675:scissor doors 672: 668: 663: 661: 652: 650: 648: 644: 640: 636: 630: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 603: 601: 598: 594: 590: 584: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 561:Walter Hassan 554: 552: 550: 545: 542: 538: 534: 530: 521: 514: 510: 505: 498: 496: 492: 490: 486: 482: 481:Malcolm Sayer 478: 473: 471: 467: 463: 459: 453: 450: 446: 442: 437: 435: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 404: 402: 399: 395: 392: 388: 383: 381: 377: 372: 370: 366: 360: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 328: 325: 321: 318: 317:Jaguar XJR-15 315: 311: 306: 302: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 266: 262: 257: 254: 250: 248: 244: 235: 230: 229: 227: 223: 216: 213: 209: 205: 202: 200: 195: 194: 192: 190: 186: 181: 174: 171: 168: 165: 164: 162: 160: 156: 153: 149: 147: 143: 139: 135: 132: 130: 126: 121: 117: 114: 112: 108: 105: 101: 97: 93: 87: 83: 78:joint venture 77: 73: 66: 62: 57: 53: 48: 43: 39:Motor vehicle 37: 33: 19: 4713: 4481:Grand tourer 4460:Independent 4309: 4234:Jaguar XJ220 4233: 4217:. 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