719:. For example, The Vira Nirvana Samvat 2544 started right after Diwali of 20 October 2017 on Vikram 2074, Kartika Krishna Amavasya (Chaitradi and Purnimanta). The new Chaitradiadi Vikram samvat (common in North India) starts seven months earlier in Chaitra, thus during Chaitra-Kartika Krishna, the difference between Vikram and Vir Nivana samvat is 469 years until Kartik Shukla 1 (Day following Diwali), when the difference becomes 470 years.
53:
3579:
2334:
871:
592:
748:
3569:
1172:
1047:
1051:
848:
The
Islamic calendar is a pure Lunar Calendar because its date (Tithi) indicates the moon phase but its months are not in phase with the time of the solar year or the season. It does not adjust its calendar to coincide with the sun or the season. Hence no extra month is added every three years.
733:
From Vikram samvat, Vira
Nirvana Samvat is obtained by adding 470, except during April to November, when 469 should be added. That is because the North Indian (Chaitradi Purnimanta) Vikram Samvat increments with Chaitra Krishna to Chaitra Shukla transition, where as Vira Nirvana Samvat increments
841:
The average number of days in a month is 30 but the average number of days in a
Lunisolar year is 354 and not 360 (12 months in a year) because it takes the Moon about 29.5 days (not 30 days) to complete the circle around the Earth. Hence one Tithi is eliminated in about duration of two months.
722:
The Jain business people traditionally started their accounting year from
Dipawali. The relationship between the Vir and Shaka era is given in Titthogali Painnaya and Dhavalaa by Acharya Virasena:
835:
has the following arrangement: A regular or normal year has 12 months; a leap year has 13 months. A regular or normal year has 353, 354, or 355 days; a leap year has 383, 384, or 385 days.
3164:
734:
with
Kartika Krishna to Kartika Shukla transition. From the Julian year, VNS is obtained by adding 526 from January to November and 527 during November to December.
2811:
824:
to bring month in phase with the season. Its day or date which is known as Tithi, indicates the moon phase and the month indicates the approximate season of the
845:
The Hebrew, Hindu lunar, Buddhist, and
Tibetan calendars are all lunisolar, and so were the Japanese calendars until 1873 and the Chinese calendars until 1912.
3429:
1161:
1021:
2313:
1131:
960:
3608:
2956:
2318:
769:
2369:
3247:
2272:
1104:
795:
622:
576:
77:
838:
The months in a Jain calendar are – Kartak, Maagsar, Posh, Maha, Faagan, Chaitra, Vaishakh, Jeth, Ashadh, Shravan, Bhadarvo, Aaso.
403:
2906:
820:
with respect to the Earth and it is adjusted by adding an extra month (adhika masa) once every three years, to coincide with the
2267:
773:
2236:
3613:
3252:
3190:
2983:
2303:
2152:
2018:
1698:
1154:
3090:
2418:
2099:
2058:
438:
3424:
3065:
2574:
1918:
1285:
3194:
2013:
1387:
985:
356:
328:
1367:
157:
3127:
2670:
2611:
1952:
1575:
1280:
758:
700:
571:
2507:
3075:
2944:
2362:
2231:
1851:
1833:
1147:
976:
Upadhye, A. N.; Upadhye, A. N. (January–March 1982). Cohen, Richard J. (ed.). "Mahavira and His
Teachings".
777:
762:
3618:
3603:
2901:
2525:
1930:
1888:
478:
1025:
3540:
3535:
3302:
2308:
2079:
1947:
1856:
1113:
615:
3528:
1488:
3409:
3292:
3117:
3025:
2643:
2537:
2453:
2293:
2257:
2043:
2038:
2008:
1993:
1973:
1942:
1913:
3491:
3262:
3224:
3060:
3010:
2860:
2838:
2833:
2779:
2709:
2298:
2140:
2114:
2053:
2003:
1563:
1431:
1123:
952:
521:
72:
2998:
3582:
3399:
3297:
3020:
2963:
2934:
2739:
2719:
2438:
2433:
2397:
2355:
2288:
2262:
2135:
1978:
1908:
1903:
1538:
1533:
997:
852:
832:
813:
67:
816:, just like the traditional Vikram or Saka calendars . The months based on the position of the
3572:
3511:
3439:
3434:
3180:
3132:
3070:
3050:
2865:
2816:
2786:
2724:
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2682:
2628:
2591:
2532:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2423:
2157:
2048:
1988:
1983:
1968:
1935:
1925:
1739:
1626:
1377:
1302:
1231:
1224:
1201:
1127:
1100:
956:
946:
307:
251:
246:
187:
175:
107:
3419:
3159:
3149:
3045:
2850:
2845:
2774:
2734:
2714:
2704:
2660:
2586:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2520:
2448:
2428:
2195:
2167:
2074:
1998:
1893:
1880:
1825:
1790:
1633:
1528:
1479:
1469:
1362:
1351:
1336:
1326:
1317:
1275:
1263:
989:
688:
608:
531:
516:
506:
410:
137:
122:
117:
112:
36:
1451:
366:
3449:
3444:
3375:
3239:
3204:
3154:
3112:
3030:
3015:
2951:
2939:
2929:
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2806:
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2729:
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2633:
2596:
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2544:
2338:
2189:
2119:
2094:
1800:
1795:
1780:
1760:
1598:
1590:
1516:
1211:
876:
715:
The Jain year Vira
Nirvana Samvat is obtained by adding 469 or 470 years to the Kartikadi
678:
596:
511:
380:
89:
3229:
3003:
726:पंच य मासा पंच य वास छच्चेव होन्ति वाससया | परिणिव्वुअस्स अरिहितो तो उप्पन्नो सगो राया ||
3414:
3272:
3137:
3122:
3080:
3055:
2993:
2988:
2911:
2896:
2870:
2823:
2801:
2791:
2697:
2665:
2650:
2618:
2601:
2569:
2443:
2402:
2392:
2211:
2109:
2084:
1898:
1815:
1785:
1719:
1653:
1648:
1621:
1608:
1603:
1548:
1521:
1414:
1409:
1268:
1253:
1183:
889:
856:
673:
445:
431:
424:
417:
396:
261:
221:
207:
147:
102:
3597:
3142:
3095:
3085:
3040:
3035:
2880:
2855:
2828:
2769:
2752:
2623:
2606:
2487:
2458:
2252:
2104:
2089:
1755:
1638:
894:
716:
389:
291:
256:
62:
3479:
3454:
3329:
3257:
2747:
2172:
2162:
1770:
1681:
1676:
1663:
1613:
1580:
1543:
1246:
1236:
642:
566:
296:
266:
127:
97:
52:
699:
On 21 October 1974, the 2500th
Nirvana Mahotsava was celebrated (according to the
692:(783 CE) mention the Vira Nirvana era, and give the difference between it and the
1117:
1090:
3459:
3385:
3354:
3349:
3267:
3105:
2757:
2201:
1775:
1643:
1474:
1459:
1441:
1421:
1404:
1258:
1191:
1086:
1072:
Jain
Sahitya aur Itihas par Vrihad Prakash, Jugalkishor Mukhtar, July 1956 p. 28
747:
730:
Thus, the Nirvana occurred 605 years, 5 months and 10 days before the Saka era.
657:
556:
452:
338:
286:
202:
142:
2333:
870:
591:
3474:
3469:
3404:
3394:
3389:
3214:
2764:
2579:
2206:
2182:
1843:
1805:
1691:
1558:
1553:
1511:
1372:
1292:
866:
825:
809:
660:. This is the oldest system of chronological reckoning which is still used in
488:
483:
333:
323:
318:
226:
152:
17:
3552:
3516:
3484:
3380:
3359:
3339:
2463:
2147:
1810:
1765:
1734:
1686:
1671:
1426:
1396:
1219:
1196:
1096:
859:
and its date indicates the time of the solar season but not the moon phase.
693:
561:
551:
526:
361:
313:
1352:
672:
The earliest text to mention 527 BCE as the year of Mahavira's nirvana is
3547:
3523:
3344:
3100:
2378:
2221:
2216:
1729:
1703:
1436:
683:
650:
301:
1570:
1346:
1341:
1312:
1175:
884:
646:
44:
1171:
1139:
1001:
2226:
1724:
1464:
1331:
1297:
473:
197:
132:
993:
3334:
1861:
1838:
1307:
704:
661:
192:
3464:
817:
654:
2351:
1143:
821:
741:
2347:
696:(beginning in 79 CE) as 605 years, 5 months & 10 days.
645:
beginning on 7 October 527 BCE. It commemorates the
3504:
3368:
3322:
3311:
3281:
3238:
3173:
2976:
2922:
2889:
2472:
2411:
2385:
2281:
2245:
2128:
2067:
2031:
1961:
1879:
1872:
1824:
1748:
1712:
1662:
1589:
1504:
1450:
1395:
1386:
1210:
1182:
920:
1048:"Shri Guru Pushkar Jain Devendra Calendar, 2017"
724:
2363:
1155:
616:
8:
1022:"Jain Tithi Darpan, Vir Nirvan Samvat 2044"
776:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
682:(6th century CE). Subsequent works such as
3568:
3319:
2480:
2370:
2356:
2348:
1876:
1392:
1162:
1148:
1140:
623:
609:
31:
1024:. onlinejainpathshala.com. Archived from
796:Learn how and when to remove this message
978:Journal of the American Oriental Society
913:
43:
932:
7:
774:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
3578:
3577:
3567:
2332:
1170:
869:
746:
590:
51:
3430:English and British regnal year
707:throughout India and overseas.
2268:List of Digambar Jain ascetics
1:
3609:Jain philosophical concepts
1353:
1119:Lord Mahāvīra and His Times
432:Uttaradhyayana (Śvetāmbara)
208:Aparigraha (non-possession)
3635:
418:Dravyasamgraha (Digambara)
397:Pravachanasara (Digambara)
3563:
2483:
2329:
986:American Oriental Society
701:Indian national calendar
572:Parasparopagraho Jivanam
425:Kalpa Sūtra (Śvetāmbara)
215:Anuvratas (further vows)
27:Calendar used in Jainism
2498:Assamese (Bhāshkarābda)
2232:Jain terms and concepts
1852:Digambar Jain Mahasabha
921:Kailash Chand Jain 1991
890:Vardhaman Mahaveerswami
855:(English CE) is a pure
181:Mahavratas (major vows)
3529:Dungeons & Dragons
2935:Ethiopian and Eritrean
853:The Gregorian calendar
728:
479:Mahavir Janma Kalyanak
390:Samayasāra (Digambara)
203:Brahmacarya (chastity)
3541:The Lord of the Rings
3248:Hanke–Henry Permanent
2263:List of Jain ascetics
2068:Dynasties and empires
1857:Vishwa Jain Sangathan
945:D. C. Sircar (1965).
198:Asteya (non-stealing)
188:Ahiṃsā (non-violence)
2258:List of Jain temples
955:. pp. 321–322.
770:improve this section
357:Schools and Branches
3614:Lunisolar calendars
3253:International Fixed
3191:Proleptic Gregorian
2812:Slavic Native Faith
2339:Religion portal
2273:Topics List (index)
1564:Mahamastakabhisheka
1124:Motilal Banarsidass
1114:Jain, Kailash Chand
1095:(Second ed.),
953:Motilal Banarsidass
808:The Jain calendar (
638:Vira Nirvana Samvat
597:Religion portal
287:The 24 Tirthankaras
2923:Christian variants
2237:Sexual differences
1054:on 1 December 2017
1028:on 1 December 2017
833:lunisolar calendar
814:lunisolar calendar
404:Agama (Śvetāmbara)
3591:
3590:
3573:List of calendars
3500:
3499:
3199:historiographical
3066:French Republican
2972:
2971:
2730:Manipuri (Meitei)
2345:
2344:
2027:
2026:
1806:Hampa Nagarajaiah
1699:Auspicious dreams
1627:Bhaktamara Stotra
1500:
1499:
1133:978-81-208-0805-8
962:978-81-208-1166-9
806:
805:
798:
633:
632:
252:Micchami Dukkadam
247:Bhaktamara Stotra
176:Ethics of Jainism
16:(Redirected from
3626:
3581:
3580:
3571:
3570:
3435:Human (Holocene)
3420:Chinese Imperial
3320:
3240:Reform proposals
3195:Proleptic Julian
2957:Eastern Orthodox
2587:Germanic heathen
2565:Earthly Branches
2481:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2349:
2337:
2336:
2299:Monks & nuns
2196:Statue of Ahimsa
2153:Pañca-Parameṣṭhi
1877:
1791:Champat Rai Jain
1634:Tattvartha Sutra
1393:
1356:
1174:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1141:
1136:
1109:
1073:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1050:. Archived from
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1005:
973:
967:
966:
948:Indian Epigraphy
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874:
873:
801:
794:
790:
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781:
750:
742:
625:
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611:
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594:
532:Shravanabelagola
439:Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi
411:Tattvartha Sutra
55:
32:
21:
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3629:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
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3593:
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3450:Nirayana system
3376:Ab urbe condita
3364:
3316:
3314:
3307:
3286:
3284:
3277:
3234:
3185:anthropological
3169:
2968:
2952:Liturgical year
2918:
2885:
2477:
2475:
2468:
2407:
2381:
2376:
2346:
2341:
2331:
2325:
2277:
2241:
2190:Panch Kalyanaka
2124:
2063:
2059:Non-creationism
2023:
1957:
1868:
1820:
1801:Jeffery D. Long
1796:Padmanabh Jaini
1781:Virchand Gandhi
1761:Colette Caillat
1744:
1708:
1658:
1585:
1496:
1446:
1382:
1269:Heavenly beings
1206:
1178:
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1134:
1112:
1107:
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1071:
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877:Religion portal
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679:Tiloya-Pannatti
670:
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469:
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459:
458:
384:
383:
381:Jain literature
372:
371:
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262:Ṇamōkāra mantra
242:
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232:
231:
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172:
163:
162:
93:
92:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
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3437:
3432:
3427:
3425:Chinese Minguo
3422:
3417:
3415:Before Present
3412:
3407:
3402:
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2912:Calendar round
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2570:Heavenly Stems
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2125:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2014:Southeast Asia
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1848:Organisations
1846:
1841:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1816:Jinendra Varni
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1786:Hermann Jacobi
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1720:Digambara monk
1716:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1654:Uttaradhyayana
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1622:Namokar Mantra
1616:
1611:
1609:Shatkhandagama
1606:
1604:Pravachanasara
1601:
1595:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1514:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1456:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1415:Kashtha Sangha
1412:
1410:Balatkara Gana
1401:
1399:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1305:
1295:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1254:Jain cosmology
1251:
1250:
1249:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1216:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1176:Jainism topics
1169:
1167:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1110:
1105:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1065:
1039:
1013:
1007:
994:10.2307/601199
968:
961:
937:
925:
912:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
900:
899:
897:
892:
887:
881:
880:
864:
861:
857:Solar Calendar
804:
803:
754:
752:
745:
739:
738:Jain calendar
736:
712:
709:
674:Yati-Vrishabha
669:
666:
631:
630:
628:
627:
620:
613:
605:
602:
601:
600:
599:
584:
583:
580:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
548:
544:
543:
542:
539:
538:
535:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
505:
501:
500:
499:
496:
495:
492:
491:
486:
481:
476:
470:
466:
465:
464:
461:
460:
457:
456:
449:
446:Silappatikaram
442:
435:
428:
421:
414:
407:
400:
393:
385:
379:
378:
377:
374:
373:
370:
369:
364:
355:
351:
350:
349:
346:
345:
342:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
304:
299:
294:
289:
283:
279:
278:
277:
274:
273:
270:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
243:
239:
238:
237:
234:
233:
230:
229:
224:
218:
217:
211:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
184:
183:
174:
170:
169:
168:
165:
164:
161:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
94:
88:
87:
86:
83:
82:
81:
80:
75:
70:
65:
57:
56:
48:
47:
41:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3631:
3620:
3619:Time in India
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3604:Calendar eras
3602:
3601:
3599:
3584:
3576:
3574:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3493:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3400:Anno Martyrum
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3315:and numbering
3310:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3231:
3230:'Pataphysical
3228:
3226:
3223:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2999:Tōnalpōhualli
2997:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2753:Vikram Samvat
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2607:Vikram Samvat
2605:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2368:
2366:
2361:
2359:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2340:
2335:
2328:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2253:List of Jains
2251:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2178:Jain calendar
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2020:
2019:United States
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1953:Uttar Pradesh
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1756:Nalini Balbir
1754:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1534:Vegetarianism
1532:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1135:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1106:0-415-26605-X
1102:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1069:
1066:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
972:
969:
964:
958:
954:
950:
949:
941:
938:
935:, p. 24.
934:
929:
926:
923:, p. 84.
922:
917:
914:
907:
902:
898:
896:
895:Vikram Samvat
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
882:
878:
872:
867:
862:
860:
858:
854:
850:
846:
843:
839:
836:
834:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
800:
797:
789:
779:
775:
771:
765:
764:
760:
755:This section
753:
749:
744:
743:
737:
735:
731:
727:
723:
720:
718:
717:Vikram Samvat
710:
708:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
690:
685:
681:
680:
675:
667:
665:
663:
659:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
639:
626:
621:
619:
614:
612:
607:
606:
604:
603:
598:
593:
588:
587:
586:
585:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
549:
541:
540:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
509:
508:
498:
497:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
471:
463:
462:
455:
454:
450:
448:
447:
443:
441:
440:
436:
434:
433:
429:
427:
426:
422:
420:
419:
415:
413:
412:
408:
406:
405:
401:
399:
398:
394:
392:
391:
387:
386:
382:
376:
375:
368:
365:
363:
360:
359:
358:
348:
347:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
329:Samantabhadra
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
309:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
284:
280:Major figures
276:
275:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
257:Navkar Mantra
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
244:
236:
235:
228:
225:
223:
220:
219:
216:
213:
212:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
193:Satya (truth)
191:
189:
186:
185:
182:
179:
178:
177:
167:
166:
159:
156:
154:
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18:Jain calendar
3551:
3539:
3536:Middle-earth
3527:
3515:
3285:applications
3283:Displays and
3193: /
3174:By specialty
3143:
3004:Xiuhpōhualli
2902:Mesoamerican
2748:Nepal Sambat
2677:
2419:Astronomical
2194:
2177:
2173:Samavasarana
2163:Śalākāpuruṣa
1771:John E. Cort
1682:Ashtamangala
1677:Siddhachakra
1614:Kasayapahuda
1581:Pratikramana
1489:Sthānakavāsī
1247:Anekāntavāda
1243:Jaina logic
1237:Kevala Jñāna
1232:Epistemology
1118:
1091:
1087:Dundas, Paul
1068:
1056:. Retrieved
1052:the original
1042:
1030:. Retrieved
1026:the original
1016:
1010:
981:
977:
971:
947:
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928:
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837:
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807:
792:
783:
768:Please help
756:
732:
729:
725:
721:
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698:
687:
677:
671:
643:calendar era
637:
636:
634:
567:Jain symbols
451:
444:
437:
430:
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416:
409:
402:
395:
388:
306:
267:Jai Jinendra
240:Jain prayers
214:
180:
128:Kevala Jnana
98:Anekantavada
29:
3386:Anno Domini
3355:Regnal year
3350:Regnal name
3323:Terminology
3313:Year naming
3268:Symmetry454
3118:Pentecontad
3041:Culāsakaraj
3026:Cappadocian
2758:Yele Sambat
2644:Zoroastrian
2538:Bangladeshi
2476:limited use
2454:Solar Hijri
2449:Lunar Hijri
2412:In wide use
2115:Rashtrakuta
2032:Jainism and
1931:Maharashtra
1889:Bundelkhand
1776:Paul Dundas
1649:Kalpa Sūtra
1644:Aptamimamsa
1529:Monasticism
1460:Murtipujaka
1442:Kanji Panth
1422:Taran Panth
1405:Mula Sangha
1259:Siddhashila
1192:Tirthankara
1058:22 November
988:: 231–232.
933:Dundas 2002
658:Tirthankara
653:, the 24th
641:(era) is a
577:Topics list
502:Pilgrimages
453:Valayapathi
352:Major sects
339:Yashovijaya
143:Brahmacarya
3598:Categories
3492:Vietnamese
3405:Anno Mundi
3395:Anno Lucis
3390:Common Era
3293:Electronic
3263:Positivist
3225:Discordian
3215:Dreamspell
3150:Sexagenary
3091:Macedonian
3061:Florentine
3011:Babylonian
2977:Historical
2907:Long Count
2861:Vietnamese
2817:Macedonian
2780:Nanakshahi
2710:Lithuanian
2580:Solar term
2294:Literature
2183:Samvatsari
1948:Tamil Nadu
1873:Jainism in
1692:Nandavarta
1639:Samayasāra
1591:Literature
1559:Kshamavani
1554:Paryushana
1517:Meditation
1512:Sallekhana
1452:Śvetāmbara
1373:Ratnatraya
1293:Gunasthana
1212:Philosophy
1032:5 December
903:References
826:solar year
786:April 2020
489:Samvatsari
484:Paryushana
367:Śvetāmbara
334:Haribhadra
324:Siddhasena
319:Kundakunda
227:Sallekhana
153:Gunasthana
148:Aparigraha
90:Philosophy
3553:Star Trek
3517:Discworld
3512:Discworld
3505:Fictional
3381:Anka year
3360:Year zero
3340:Leap year
3298:Perpetual
3021:Byzantine
2740:Mongolian
2720:Malayalam
2464:Unix time
2439:Gregorian
2434:Ethiopian
2398:Lunisolar
2379:Calendars
2212:Sculpture
2148:Ekendriya
2009:Singapore
1994:Hong Kong
1974:Australia
1943:Rajasthan
1914:Karnataka
1826:Community
1811:Bal Patil
1766:Chandabai
1735:Pattavali
1687:Shrivatsa
1672:Jain flag
1549:Festivals
1505:Practices
1493:Terapanth
1480:Tristutik
1470:Kharatara
1432:Terapanth
1427:Bispanthi
1397:Digambara
1220:Five Vows
1197:Ganadhara
1097:Routledge
1092:The Jains
1089:(2002) ,
908:Citations
757:does not
694:Shaka era
689:Harivamśa
562:Jain flag
552:Ekendriya
527:Shikharji
467:Festivals
362:Digambara
314:Ganadhara
103:Cosmology
3583:Category
3548:Stardate
3524:Greyhawk
3455:Seleucid
3440:Japanese
3410:Assyrian
3345:New Year
3181:Holocene
3133:Rapa Nui
3106:Tzolkʼin
3071:Germanic
3051:Egyptian
2787:Romanian
2765:Nisg̱a'a
2725:Mandaean
2715:Maithili
2688:Javanese
2683:Japanese
2638:medieval
2592:Georgian
2503:Assyrian
2493:Armenian
2424:Buddhist
2304:Scholars
2282:Navboxes
2141:Timeline
2090:Ikshvaku
2075:Chalukya
2044:Hinduism
2039:Buddhism
2004:Pakistan
1962:Overseas
1749:Scholars
1730:Kshullak
1713:Ascetics
1704:Swastika
1522:Sāmāyika
1437:Yapaniya
1388:Branches
1116:(1991),
863:See also
810:Panchāng
684:Jinasena
651:Mahavira
517:Palitana
302:Mahavira
292:Rishabha
222:Sāmāyika
73:Timeline
37:a series
35:Part of
3480:Dvapara
3460:Spanish
3369:Systems
3219:New Age
3209:Martian
3165:Turkmen
3160:Swedish
3046:Coligny
2984:Arabian
2945:Revised
2851:Tripuri
2846:Tibetan
2802:Sesotho
2775:Punjabi
2735:Melanau
2705:Kurdish
2671:Tabular
2661:Islamic
2629:Iranian
2560:Chinese
2555:Burmese
2533:Bengali
2521:Pawukon
2474:In more
2429:Chinese
2386:Systems
2314:America
2309:Temples
2158:Pratima
2136:History
2129:Related
2120:Santara
2100:Kalinga
2095:Kadamba
2085:Hoysala
2054:Sikhism
1979:Belgium
1909:Haryana
1904:Gujarat
1834:Śrāvaka
1740:Acharya
1664:Symbols
1618:Mantra
1571:Upadhan
1544:Rituals
1539:Fasting
1378:Kashaya
1368:Saṃsāra
1347:Nirjara
1342:Samvara
1313:Pudgala
1202:Arihant
1080:Sources
885:Jainism
812:) is a
778:removed
763:sources
668:History
647:nirvana
557:Temples
308:Arihant
158:Saṃsāra
68:History
45:Jainism
3445:Korean
3205:Darian
3155:Soviet
3128:Qumran
3113:Muisca
3031:Celtic
3016:Bulgar
2964:Saints
2940:Julian
2930:Coptic
2876:Yoruba
2807:Slavic
2797:Somali
2744:Nepal
2693:Korean
2655:Gaelic
2634:Jalali
2597:Hebrew
2575:Minguo
2550:Borana
2545:Berber
2508:Baháʼí
2319:Bengal
2227:Nigoda
2202:Temple
2168:Tirtha
2110:Pandya
2105:Maurya
1989:Europe
1984:Canada
1969:Africa
1936:Mumbai
1926:Kerala
1725:Aryika
1465:Gaccha
1337:Bandha
1332:Asrava
1327:Tattva
1318:Dharma
1298:Dravya
1286:Causes
1264:Naraka
1225:Ahimsa
1130:
1103:
1002:601199
1000:
959:
522:Girnar
474:Diwali
297:Pārśva
171:Ethics
138:Tattva
133:Dravya
118:Dharma
108:Ahimsa
3475:Treta
3470:Satya
3465:Yugas
3335:Epoch
3273:World
3138:Roman
3123:Pisan
3101:Haabʼ
3081:Hindu
3076:Greek
3056:Enoch
2994:Aztec
2989:Attic
2897:Runic
2890:Types
2871:Xhosa
2866:Wicca
2839:solar
2834:lunar
2824:Tamil
2792:Shona
2698:Juche
2666:Fasli
2651:Irish
2619:Hmong
2602:Hindu
2517:Bali
2512:Badí‘
2444:Hindu
2403:Solar
2393:Lunar
2246:Lists
2207:Stupa
2080:Ganga
2049:Islam
1999:Japan
1919:North
1894:Delhi
1881:India
1862:JAINA
1844:Tamil
1839:Sarak
1599:Agama
1576:Tapas
1363:Death
1354:Mokṣa
1308:Ajiva
1281:Types
1276:Karma
998:JSTOR
984:(1).
711:Usage
705:Jains
703:) by
662:India
545:Other
507:Tirth
123:Mokṣa
113:Karma
78:Index
63:Jains
3485:Kali
3303:Wall
3144:Rumi
3096:Maya
3086:Inca
3036:Cham
2881:Zulu
2856:Tulu
2829:Thai
2770:Odia
2678:Jain
2624:Igbo
2612:Saka
2526:Saka
2488:Akan
2289:Gods
1475:Tapa
1303:Jīva
1184:Gods
1128:ISBN
1101:ISBN
1060:2017
1034:2018
957:ISBN
831:The
818:Moon
761:any
759:cite
655:Jain
635:The
3330:Era
3258:Pax
2459:ISO
2222:Law
2217:Art
1899:Goa
990:doi
982:102
822:Sun
772:by
686:'s
676:'s
649:of
512:Abu
3600::
1126:,
1122:,
1099:,
996:.
980:.
951:.
828:.
664:.
39:on
3556:)
3550:(
3544:)
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3532:)
3526:(
3520:)
3514:(
3388:/
2371:e
2364:t
2357:v
1163:e
1156:t
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1062:.
1036:.
1004:.
992::
965:.
799:)
793:(
788:)
784:(
780:.
766:.
624:e
617:t
610:v
20:)
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