388:'s new rules. He had placed restrictions on leaving the city without a permit, banned all "processions of any kind" and any congregation of more than four people, and announced around the city that "any person found in the streets after 8 pm will be shot". The announcements came at a time of noise and unusual heat, and missed key locations around the city, so that they were not widely disseminated. Dyer was subsequently informed at 12.40 pm that day that a political gathering was to be held at Jallianwala Bagh. By the time Dyer arrived with 90
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442:(US$ 2.4 million) in 2019 for the commemoration of the centenary of the massacre. In 1920 a Trust was formed with the aim of creating a memorial at the massacre site. The memorial was closed to the public in February 2019 for the renovation work, and reopened in August 2021. The renovation was criticized by various historians, political leaders and some of the kin of the martyrs; many said that the renovations were improper and had erased the tragedy of the massacre.
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331:. in 1812 Sardar Himmat Singh Founded a bagh and it came to be known as jalle waliyan da bagh and jalleyan bagh, the word jallah comes from his Village Jallah jagir in Ludhiana under Nabha state and his family in lahore durbar was known as Jallewalia Sardars. after the Jallinwala bagh massacre on 13 April 1919 the place became symbolic and a yadgar committee was formed and they purchased the bagh in year 1923 with RS 5,65,000.
350:
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303:, Dhogri and other villages in area as well as jagirs in Gurdaspur, Multan ,kohat Peshavar these jagirs amounting RS 3,00,000 per anum and he was also the jagirdar of Jallah jagir amounting 20,000 per anum in district Ludhiana when he served as ambassador under riyasat Nabha His father Chaudhary Gulab Rai Bains was a grand
420:, there was a crowd of 20,000; a mix of speakers, listeners, picnic-makers, men, women and children of all ages, including Hindus, Sikhs, Muslims and Christians. Dyer then ordered his troops to fire at the crowds. Approximately 1,650 rounds were fired and the number, killing and injuring many; the numbers are disputed.
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The wall has its own historic significance as it has thirty-six bullet marks which can be easily seen at present and these were fired into the crowd by the order of
General Dyer. Moreover, no warning was given to disperse before Dyer opened fire which was gathered here against the Rowlatt Act. One
334:
Jallianwala Bagh or the garden of the Jallah-man, with its well, implies that it was once green and flowering. Over the years it had become popular as a recreation ground and an area of rest for those visiting the nearby Golden temple. In 1919, it was a dried-out plot, surrounded by tightly packed
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This site is saturated with the blood of thousands of Indian patriots who were martyred in a nonviolent struggle to free India from
British domination. General Dyer of the British army opened fire here on unarmed people. Jallianwala Bagh is thus an everlasting symbol of non-violent & peaceful
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The Martyr's gallery contains a number of paintings including some of political leaders and a painting of the inside of
Jallianwala Bagh, showing a number of people dead on the ground. The addition to the painting of the Gurkha's was painted in at a later date. The names of those killed are not
467:
The entrance to
Jallianwala Bagh is via a narrow passage, the same passage that was the only entry and exit point at the time of the massacre and the same route that General Dyer and his troops took to reach the grounds. At the entrance is a statue of
601:(lower house of Parliament) or in absence of Leader of Opposition, the leader of the single largest opposition party in the Loksabha. It also amended that a nominated trustee may be removed by the Central Government before the end of five years term.
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The 'Martyrs Well' is surrounded by the Martyr's memorial, a large structure with a sign giving a figure of "120" as the number of bodies that were recovered from the well. It was designed by
American architect
279:, 13 April 1919. The 7-acre (28,000 m) site houses a museum, gallery and several memorial structures. It is managed by the Jallianwala Bagh National Memorial Trust, and was renovated between 2019 and 2021.
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multi-occupancy buildings divided by some narrow streets, and having only one entrance and exit route. It was unoccupied and surrounded by a wall. The place derives its name from the
Jallianwalia family.
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Since the massacre, Jallianwala Bagh has been the site of a number of official and publicized visits. One of the earliest was during the public enquiry by the Indian
Congress, when
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The Flame of
Liberty is represented by a central pylon. It is white and shaped like a flame. Engraved are faces of 'martyrs' and below are given their names.
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In
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several surrounding buildings had been destroyed. In 1951, the government of India established the site as a 'memorial of national importance'.
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The site is managed by the
Jallianwala Bagh National Memorial Trust formed under the Jallianwala Bagh National Memorial Act, 1951 passed by the
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visited in 2016 as part of an India-Pakistan border visit. Proposed renovations to Jallianwala Bagh were presented to India’s vice president
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visited the site in the immediate aftermath of the massacre. His investigation revealed 64 bullets in one part of the wall.
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A number of the bullet holes in the walls are preserved. One of the walls with bullet holes has a plaque reading:
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and other officials when they visited the site in April 2019 to attend a commemoration ceremony organised by the
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1490:"100 Years of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: Rahul Gandhi Pays Tribute At Jallianwala Bagh Memorial: Highlights"
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official visit to India, Jallianwala Bagh was not on their itinerary. Others from Britain include
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Vice President Venkaiah Naidu remembers martyrs at Jallianwala Bagh memorial on 100th anniversary
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is on display in the gallery. One of the seven urns containing his ashes are kept in the museum.
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1078:"Jallianwala Bagh renovation: Memorial looks very nice, says Punjab CM, contradicts Congress"
1304:"Parliament Winter Session begins today: From Citizenship Bill to slowdown, what's in store"
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1052:"Jallianwala Bagh: Kin of 1919 martyrs hold candle march, want original character restored"
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The Patient Assassin: a true tale of massacre, revenge, and India's quest for independence
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1412:"Jallianwala Bagh massacre centenary: Deep regret for what happened, says British envoy"
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1331:"Jallianwala Bagh National Memorial (Amendment) Bill, 2019 passed by the Parliament"
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The site was renovated between 2019 and 2021. The central government had earmarked
373:, Punjab had witnessed attempts of Indians to gather and protest. On the morning of
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1143:"Why Popular Local Memory of Jallianwala Bagh Doesn't Fit the National Narrative"
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One of the seven urns containing the ashes of Udham Singh are kept in the museum
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1438:"I am sorry: Archbishop of Canterbury apologizes for Jallianwala Bagh massacre"
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971:"Explained: What to watch out for at the renovated Jallianwala Bagh memorial"
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480:(Eternal Flame) is seen burning to the right under a domed meditation area.
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1026:"Decoded: Why renovated Jallianwala Bagh Smarak has landed in controversy"
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and others, 45 panels depicting the Amritsar massacre are displayed.
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271:, India, preserved in the memory of those wounded and killed in the
1196:"A visit to Jallianwala Bagh, where the bullet marks are still raw"
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The 7-acre (28,000 m) site is located in the vicinity of the
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Buddhist Monastic Architecture in Sri Lanka: The Woodland Shrines
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999:"Mayor calls for formal apology for Jallianwala Bagh Massacre"
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Other plaques are seen inside the garden, one of which reads:
377:, 13 April 1919, to the sound of military drums by the cities
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The Bagh was founded by Sardar Himmat Singh Bains jagirdar of
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Amritsar 1919: An Empire of Fear and the Making of a Massacre
1463:"Kiren Rijiju visits India-Pakistan border, Jallianwala Bagh"
1364:. Arcade Publishing (2003). New York. First edition. p. 33.
739:(2019). London. Chapter 9. No warning, no way out. pp.97-109
1565:. Compiled from the Civil and military gazette (April 1919)
546:
Using newspaper clippings and letters from Mahatma Gandhi,
924:
Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru: without special title
1569:
Building for South Asia: An Architectural Autobiography
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1232:"PM Modi pays tributes to martyrs at Jallianwala Bagh"
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620:in 1961, 1983 and 1997, and British Prime Minister
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940:"Memorialising, and Remembering, Jallianwala Bagh"
562:. The initial trustees of the Trust were named as
323:introduced Sardar Himmat Singh with Sher e Punjab
259:and memorial of national importance close to the
832:Fenech, Louis E.; McLeod, W. H. (11 June 2014).
509:Thousand Six Hundred and Fifty Rounds were fired
361:from visiting Punjab, the secret deportation of
783:Chiefs And Families Of Note In The Punjab Vol-i
275:that took place on the site on the festival of
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1167:Seneviratna, Anuradha; Polk, Benjamin (1992).
893:The Butcher of Amritsar: General Reginald Dyer
1261:(2019). London. Chapter 25. The return pp.314
753:Who's who in the History of Punjab, 1800-1849
8:
862:Sophia: Princess, Suffragette, Revolutionary
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659:visited the grounds in 2015 and politician
353:Jallianwala Bagh ( dried out plot ) in 1919
319:in 1760s, in year 1812 Maharaja of Riyasat
1575:. Abhinav Publications, New Delhi (1993).
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156:As a Bagh and samadhi of Jallewalia sardar
51:
42:
1627:Monuments and memorials in Punjab, India
1117:. Epilogue. Jallianwala Bagh. pp.260-265
230:
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180:Jallianwala Bagh National Memorial Trust
172:Jallianwala Bagh National Memorial Trust
706:
1595:Jalliamwala Bagh National Memorial Act
1290:Jallianwala Bagh National Memorial Act
1387:"Jallianwala Bagh Massacre - Hansard"
1194:Gopinath, P. Krishna (6 April 2019).
369:on 10 April and the reactions to the
7:
1488:Hariharan, Revathi (13 April 2019).
775:
773:
140:Sardar Himmat Singh Bains Jallewalia
27:Garden and memorial in Punjab, India
1024:Prabhash K Dutta (31 August 2021).
1302:Saha, Poulomi (18 November 2019).
675:. Other visitors in 2019 included
616:The site was visited by the Queen
586:and three people nominated by the
525:
357:In 1919, in response to excluding
25:
1292:. ACT NO. 25 OF 1951. 1 May 1951.
938:Hazra, Indrajit (13 April 2019).
927:. Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund.
821:. Chapter 8. Baisakhi. pp.150-153
518:struggle for the freedom of India
835:Historical Dictionary of Sikhism
229:
222:
201:
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34:. For the 1977 Indian film, see
1617:Tourist attractions in Amritsar
1523:, Simon & Schuster (2019),
1141:Datta, Nonica (13 April 2019).
526:The Martyr's gallery and museum
315:of Achharwal and villages near
756:. National Book Organisation.
1:
1361:Nehru: The Invention of India
797:Padama, Piārā Siṅgha (1990).
780:Griffin Lepel. H Sir (1940).
1050:GS Paul (6 September 2021).
969:Divya A (5 September 2021).
838:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1277:. India Today (April 2019).
803:(in Punjabi). Kalam Mandir.
30:For the 1919 massacre, see
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921:Nehru, Jawaharlal (1991).
695:List of massacres in India
342:
29:
1632:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
667:, the governor of Punjab
501:and inaugurated in 1961.
345:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
273:Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
210:Location in Punjab, India
188:
184:
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32:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
1173:. Abhinav Publications.
1076:Staff (31 August 2021).
646:Archbishop of Canterbury
624:visited in 2013. During
584:Chief Minister of Punjab
576:Indian National Congress
539:included. A portrait of
238:Jallianwala Bagh (India)
57:Entrance with statue of
1622:Historic sites in India
890:Collett, Nigel (2007).
750:Saggar, Balraj (1993).
655:India's Prime Minister
574:, the President of the
572:Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
113:31.620521°N 74.880565°E
691:- Jallianwala of Assam
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132:7-acre (28,000 m)
1541:Yale University Press
1391:hansard.parliament.uk
867:Bloomsbury Publishing
859:Anand, Anita (2015).
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325:Maharaja Ranjit Singh
1259:The Patient Assassin
900:. pp. 256–259.
869:. pp. 331–334.
737:The Patient Assassin
689:Patharighat massacre
595:Leader of Opposition
118:31.620521; 74.880565
1562:Punjab disturbances
898:Hambledon Continuum
800:Sankhep Sikh itehas
673:Ministry of Culture
560:Parliament of India
548:Rabindranath Tagore
109: /
1467:The Economic Times
1416:The Economic Times
1337:. 20 November 2019
1236:The Economic Times
1005:. 16 December 2017
975:The Indian Express
944:The Economic Times
669:V.P. Singh Badnore
588:Central Government
580:Governor of Punjab
568:Saifuddin Kitchlew
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476:', a flame titled
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363:Saifuddin Kitchlew
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213:Show map of Punjab
1529:978-1-5011-9570-9
1469:. 31 January 2016
1358:Tharoor, Shashi.
845:978-1-4422-3601-1
763:978-81-85135-60-1
492:Martyr's memorial
383:Brigadier General
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241:Show map of India
36:Jallian Wala Bagh
18:Jallianwalla Bagh
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461:Amar Jyoti
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104:74°52′50″E
101:31°37′14″N
1208:0971-751X
1200:The Hindu
1082:Scroll.in
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257:garden
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177:Owner
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