553:
580:
526:
57:
44:
469:
1286:
484:
Jambu extract as a flavoring agent is described as having a citrus, herbal, tropical or musty odor, and its taste can be described as pungent, cooling, tingling, numbing, or effervescent. Spilanthol, the major constituent of jambu extract, is responsible for the perception of a mouth-watering flavor
476:
A concentrated extract of the plant, sometimes called jambu oil or jambu extract, is used as a flavoring agent in foods, chewing gum, and chewing tobacco. The oil is traditionally extracted from all parts of the plant. EFSA and JECFA reviewed a feeding study in rats and both authorities recognized
838:
846:
497:
This plant prefers well-drained, black (high organic content) soil. If starting outdoors, the seeds should not be exposed to cold weather, so start after last frost. Seeds need direct sunlight to germinate, so should not be buried.
552:
481:
was 572 mg/kg b.w./day, yielding a safe dose of spilanthol of 1.9 mg/kg b.w./day, or 133.5 mg/70-kg-male/day, 111 mg/58-kg-female/day, or 38 mg/20-kg-child/day.
1042:
Joint FAO/WHO Expert
Committee on Food and Additives (2007). "Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Flavoring Agents: Aliphatic and Aromatic Amines and Amides".
579:
416:
For culinary purposes, small amounts of shredded fresh leaves are said to add a unique flavour to salads. Cooked leaves lose their strong flavour and may be used as
1476:
525:
1623:
1424:
1437:
457:, with a cooling sensation in the throat. The buds are known as "buzz buttons", "Sichuan buttons", "sansho buttons", and "electric buttons". In
1157:
871:
821:
796:
1580:
1463:
1008:
1234:
Ley, J. P.; et al. (2006). "Isolation and synthesis of acmellonate, a new unsaturated long chain 2-ketol ester from
957:
1541:
978:
722:
da Silva, Suelem Paixão; Fernandes, José Augusto
Lacerda; Santos, Alberdan Silva; Ferreira, Nelson Rosa (2023-04-07).
1290:
724:"Jambu Flower Extract (Acmella oleracea) Increases the Antioxidant Potential of Beer with a Reduced Alcohol Content"
1528:
1481:
1024:"Flavors and Extracts Manufacturers of the United States. Safety Assessment of Jambu Oleoresin, Washington, D.C.".
390:
56:
1618:
1613:
1191:
1533:
1411:
1416:
1403:
1398:
1302:
1100:
Tiwari, KL; SK Jadhav; V. Joshi (November 2011). "An updated review on medicinal herb genus
Spilanthes".
453:
The flower bud has a grassy taste followed by a strong tingling or numbing sensation and often excessive
1442:
173:
1340:
686:
1585:
194:
1372:
1200:
511:
1161:
1069:"Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 303 (FGE.303): Spilanthol from chemical group 30"
1502:
788:
1567:
1263:
202:
51:
896:
1507:
1489:
1359:
1255:
1216:
1117:
1047:
1004:
867:
861:
817:
792:
763:
745:
1494:
1608:
1247:
1208:
1109:
1080:
753:
735:
599:
595:
639:
462:
94:
43:
1185:
Ramsewak, R. S.; et al. (1999). "Bioactive N-isobutylamides from the flower buds of
1204:
843:
PROTA (Plant
Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l'Afrique tropicale)
758:
723:
1520:
1515:
666:
657:
produced a 66% weight reduction of corn earworm larvae at 250 ÎĽg/mL after 6 days.
417:
81:
1212:
398:
1602:
704:
631:
425:
383:
190:
1267:
1068:
653:
of 12.5 ÎĽg/mL, and 50% mortality at 6.25 ÎĽg/mL. The mixture of spilanthol
1572:
443:
1546:
1364:
1351:
618:. The isolation and total synthesis of the active ingredients have been reported.
468:
782:
1450:
1334:
647:
646:) larvae. The spilanthol proved effective at killing mosquitoes, with a 24-hour
1325:
1251:
615:
531:
486:
478:
454:
344:
140:
1085:
749:
1385:
1143:
507:
130:
1259:
1220:
1121:
1051:
767:
740:
435:
1559:
1285:
602:
and saliva-inducing effects of the plant. It also contains stigmasteryl-3-
1554:
1319:
1113:
627:
430:
120:
107:
17:
1429:
439:
382:
species. A small, erect plant, it grows quickly and bears gold and red
150:
1455:
375:. Its native distribution is unclear, but it is likely derived from a
654:
570:)-Undeca-2,7,9-trienoic acid isobutyl amide, another alkylamide from
447:
434:. Both fresh and cooked leaves are used in dishes such as stews like
376:
1296:
1468:
1390:
467:
458:
68:
1377:
1300:
489:, perhaps through its astringent action or its pungent taste.
485:
sensation, as well as the ability to promote salivation as a
386:. It is frost-sensitive but perennial in warmer climates.
1146:, India: Council of Scientific & Industrial Research.
510:
or infusion of the leaves and flowers has been used as a
594:
The most important taste-active molecules present are
958:"Like a Taste That Tingles? Then This Bud's for You"
1309:
396:means "vegetable/herbal" in Latin and is a form of
1044:World Health Organization Technical Report Series
598:such as spilanthol, which is responsible for the
1138:Chopra, R.N.; Nayar, S.L.; Chopra, I.C. (1956).
1180:
1178:
438:in northern Brazil, especially in the state of
589:)-Undeca-2-en-8,10-diynoic acid isobutyl amide
343:is a species of flowering herb in the family
8:
936:
930:
921:
915:
906:
878:
450:to add flavor and vitamins to other foods.
403:
1297:
994:
992:
883:= relating to vegetables or kitchen garden
42:
31:
1133:
1131:
1084:
1001:Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients
757:
739:
546:)-deca-2,6,8-trienoic acid isobutyl amide
1037:
1035:
1003:(5th ed.). CRC Press. p. 983.
866:. Little Brown Book Group. p. 328.
1102:Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine
1063:
1061:
678:
521:
420:. In Madagascar, the plant is known as
973:
971:
781:Bradt, Hilary; Austin, Daniel (2017).
898:The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
477:that the no adverse effect level for
7:
951:
949:
863:A Little Book of Latin for Gardeners
839:"Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K.Jansen"
687:"Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K.Jansen"
424:, and is a main ingredient in the
25:
1624:Medicinal plants of South America
956:Benwick, Bonnie S. (2007-10-03).
814:James Wong's Homegrown Revolution
614:-glucopyranoside and a number of
1534:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:914778-1
1284:
927:
912:
895:Whitney, William Dwight (1899).
691:Global Compositae Database (GCD)
578:
551:
524:
461:, they are used as flavoring in
55:
979:"It's Shocking, But You Eat It"
812:Wong, James (September 2012).
1:
1213:10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00101-6
903:
1140:Glossary of Medicinal Plants
901:. Century Co. p. 2856.
999:Burdock, George A. (2005).
1640:
1158:"Spilanthes acmella Seeds"
328:(L.) C.B.Clarke ex Hook.f.
27:Species of flowering plant
1252:10.1080/14786410500246733
981:. All Things Considered.
442:. They are combined with
208:
201:
179:
172:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
1086:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.1995
816:. W&N. p. 197.
1079:(3): 1995. March 2011.
622:Biological pest control
347:. Common names include
224:(L.) Murray not (L.) L.
937:
931:
922:
916:
907:
879:
860:Parker, Peter (2018).
741:10.3390/plants12081581
473:
428:of the island, called
404:
397:
880:oleraceus, holeraceus
632:yellow fever mosquito
471:
261:Anacyclus pyrethraria
1293:at Wikimedia Commons
1114:10.3736/jcim20111103
941:), herbs, vegetables
837:Bosch, C.H. (2004).
734:(8). MDPI AG: 1581.
502:Traditional medicine
229:Pyrethrum spilanthus
1205:1999PChem..51..729R
1046:. 65 (947): 1–225.
789:Bradt Travel Guides
301:Spilanthes oleracea
288:(L.) Cav. ex Steud.
269:Spilanthes radicans
213:Spilanthes oleracea
1236:Spilanthes acmella
1187:Spilanthes acmella
474:
321:Spilanthes acmella
293:Bidens acmelloides
237:Cotula pyrethraria
221:Spilanthes acmella
1596:
1595:
1490:Open Tree of Life
1303:Taxon identifiers
1289:Media related to
1108:(11): 1170–1178.
873:978-1-4087-0615-2
705:"Szechuan Button"
640:corn earworm moth
613:
596:fatty acid amides
336:
335:
329:
317:
316:hort.par. ex Lam.
309:
297:
289:
281:
273:
265:
257:
249:
241:
233:
225:
217:
16:(Redirected from
1631:
1589:
1588:
1576:
1575:
1563:
1562:
1550:
1549:
1537:
1536:
1524:
1523:
1511:
1510:
1508:Acmella oleracea
1498:
1497:
1485:
1484:
1472:
1471:
1459:
1458:
1446:
1445:
1433:
1432:
1420:
1419:
1407:
1406:
1394:
1393:
1381:
1380:
1368:
1367:
1355:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1341:Acmella oleracea
1330:
1329:
1328:
1311:Acmella oleracea
1298:
1291:Acmella oleracea
1288:
1272:
1271:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1182:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1160:. Archived from
1154:
1148:
1147:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1065:
1056:
1055:
1039:
1030:
1029:
1021:
1015:
1014:
996:
987:
986:
975:
966:
965:
953:
944:
943:
940:
934:
929:
925:
919:
914:
910:
905:
892:
886:
885:
882:
857:
851:
850:
845:. Archived from
834:
828:
827:
809:
803:
802:
778:
772:
771:
761:
743:
719:
713:
712:
701:
695:
694:
683:
611:
582:
572:Acmella oleracea
555:
528:
518:Active chemicals
407:
391:specific epithet
353:Szechuan buttons
340:Acmella oleracea
327:
315:
313:Spilanthes fusca
307:
295:
287:
279:
271:
263:
255:
247:
239:
231:
223:
215:
185:
183:Acmella oleracea
165:A. oleracea
60:
59:
46:
36:Acmella oleracea
32:
21:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1619:Leaf vegetables
1614:Flora of Brazil
1599:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1584:
1579:
1571:
1566:
1558:
1553:
1545:
1540:
1532:
1527:
1519:
1514:
1506:
1501:
1493:
1488:
1480:
1475:
1467:
1462:
1454:
1449:
1441:
1436:
1428:
1423:
1415:
1410:
1402:
1397:
1389:
1384:
1376:
1371:
1363:
1358:
1350:
1348:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1305:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1167:
1165:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1067:
1066:
1059:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1011:
998:
997:
990:
977:
976:
969:
962:Washington Post
955:
954:
947:
894:
893:
889:
874:
859:
858:
854:
836:
835:
831:
824:
811:
810:
806:
799:
791:. p. 106.
780:
779:
775:
721:
720:
716:
703:
702:
698:
685:
684:
680:
675:
663:
651:
644:Helicoverpa zea
624:
590:
583:
574:
556:
547:
529:
520:
504:
495:
463:chewing tobacco
414:
349:toothache plant
332:
285:Bidens oleracea
197:
187:
181:
168:
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1637:
1635:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1601:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1577:
1573:wfo-0000043646
1564:
1551:
1538:
1525:
1512:
1499:
1486:
1473:
1460:
1447:
1434:
1421:
1408:
1395:
1382:
1369:
1356:
1346:
1331:
1315:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1280:
1279:External links
1277:
1274:
1273:
1246:(9): 798–804.
1240:Nat. Prod. Res
1226:
1192:Phytochemistry
1174:
1149:
1127:
1092:
1057:
1031:
1016:
1009:
988:
967:
945:
887:
872:
852:
849:on 2007-09-27.
829:
823:978-0297867128
822:
804:
797:
773:
714:
696:
677:
676:
674:
671:
670:
669:
667:Sichuan pepper
662:
659:
649:
626:Extracts were
623:
620:
592:
591:
584:
577:
575:
557:
550:
548:
530:
523:
519:
516:
503:
500:
494:
491:
413:
410:
384:inflorescences
373:electric daisy
334:
333:
331:
330:
318:
310:
298:
290:
282:
274:
272:Schrad. ex DC.
266:
258:
253:Bidens fervida
250:
242:
234:
226:
218:
209:
206:
205:
199:
198:
188:
177:
176:
170:
169:
162:
160:
156:
155:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
118:
111:
110:
105:
98:
97:
92:
85:
84:
79:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1636:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1199:(6): 729–32.
1198:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1164:on 2014-03-28
1163:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1093:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1020:
1017:
1012:
1006:
1002:
995:
993:
989:
985:. 2009-02-28.
984:
980:
974:
972:
968:
963:
959:
952:
950:
946:
942:
939:
933:
924:
920:, herb-like,
918:
909:
900:
899:
891:
888:
884:
881:
875:
869:
865:
864:
856:
853:
848:
844:
840:
833:
830:
825:
819:
815:
808:
805:
800:
798:9781784770488
794:
790:
786:
785:
777:
774:
769:
765:
760:
755:
751:
747:
742:
737:
733:
729:
725:
718:
715:
710:
709:Atlas Obscura
706:
700:
697:
692:
688:
682:
679:
672:
668:
665:
664:
660:
658:
656:
652:
645:
641:
637:
636:Aedes aegypti
633:
629:
621:
619:
617:
609:
605:
601:
597:
588:
581:
576:
573:
569:
565:
561:
554:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
527:
522:
517:
515:
513:
509:
501:
499:
492:
490:
488:
482:
480:
470:
466:
464:
460:
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
432:
427:
426:national dish
423:
422:brèdes mafane
419:
412:Culinary uses
411:
409:
406:
401:
400:
395:
392:
387:
385:
381:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
341:
326:
322:
319:
314:
311:
306:
302:
299:
294:
291:
286:
283:
278:
275:
270:
267:
262:
259:
254:
251:
246:
243:
238:
235:
230:
227:
222:
219:
214:
211:
210:
207:
204:
200:
196:
192:
186:
184:
178:
175:
174:Binomial name
171:
167:
166:
161:
158:
157:
154:
153:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
82:Tracheophytes
80:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1310:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1196:
1190:
1186:
1166:. Retrieved
1162:the original
1152:
1139:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1076:
1073:EFSA Journal
1072:
1043:
1025:
1019:
1000:
982:
961:
902:
897:
890:
877:
862:
855:
847:the original
842:
832:
813:
807:
783:
776:
731:
727:
717:
708:
699:
690:
681:
643:
635:
625:
607:
603:
593:
586:
571:
567:
563:
559:
543:
539:
535:
505:
496:
483:
475:
452:
429:
421:
418:leafy greens
415:
393:
388:
379:
372:
368:
365:buzz buttons
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
339:
338:
337:
324:
320:
312:
304:
300:
292:
284:
277:Bidens fusca
276:
268:
264:(L.) Spreng.
260:
252:
244:
236:
228:
220:
212:
182:
180:
164:
163:
151:
114:
101:
88:
75:
35:
29:
1451:iNaturalist
1335:Wikispecies
616:triterpenes
512:folk remedy
493:Cultivation
369:tingflowers
245:Bidens fixa
95:Angiosperms
1603:Categories
1521:gcc-142218
1516:Plant List
1168:2014-03-28
1010:0849330343
908:holeraceus
784:Madagascar
673:References
628:bioassayed
600:trigeminal
532:Spilanthol
487:sialogogue
479:spilanthol
455:salivation
399:holeraceus
345:Asteraceae
308:(Lam.) DC.
195:R.K.Jansen
141:Asteraceae
1417:242412042
1404:242412042
1144:New Delhi
917:oleraceus
750:2223-7747
508:decoction
472:Jambu oil
405:oleraceus
377:Brazilian
357:paracress
159:Species:
131:Asterales
65:Kingdom:
18:JambĂş oil
1555:Tropicos
1469:914778-1
1326:Q2097498
1320:Wikidata
1268:22470004
1260:16753916
1221:10389272
1122:22088581
1052:18551832
768:37111805
759:10143130
661:See also
630:against
431:Romazava
394:oleracea
325:oleracea
203:Synonyms
137:Family:
121:Asterids
108:Eudicots
1609:Acmella
1586:1114459
1560:2738307
1495:5794458
1430:5386764
1201:Bibcode
655:isomers
380:Acmella
248:Hook.f.
152:Acmella
147:Genus:
127:Order:
69:Plantae
1547:160231
1482:469459
1456:709022
1443:311860
1378:483969
1352:104724
1349:APDB:
1266:
1258:
1219:
1120:
1104:. 11.
1050:
1007:
870:
820:
795:
766:
756:
748:
728:Plants
638:) and
448:garlic
444:chilis
436:Tacacá
232:Medik.
1581:WoRMS
1391:SPLOL
1264:S2CID
1028:: 12.
938:oler-
928:prop.
923:holus
913:prop.
459:India
361:jambu
323:var.
305:fusca
303:var.
296:Berg.
115:Clade
102:Clade
89:Clade
76:Clade
1529:POWO
1503:PfaF
1477:NCBI
1464:IPNI
1438:GRIN
1425:GBIF
1386:EPPO
1365:9FBD
1256:PMID
1217:PMID
1118:PMID
1048:PMID
1026:FEMA
1005:ISBN
932:olus
868:ISBN
818:ISBN
793:ISBN
764:PMID
746:ISSN
534:: (2
446:and
440:Pará
389:Its
371:and
280:Lam.
256:Lam.
1568:WFO
1542:RHS
1412:FoC
1399:FNA
1373:EoL
1360:CoL
1248:doi
1238:".
1209:doi
1189:".
1110:doi
1081:doi
983:NPR
754:PMC
736:doi
650:100
408:).
363:,
1605::
1583::
1570::
1557::
1544::
1531::
1518::
1505::
1492::
1479::
1466::
1453::
1440::
1427::
1414::
1401::
1388::
1375::
1362::
1337::
1322::
1262:.
1254:.
1244:20
1242:.
1215:.
1207:.
1197:51
1195:.
1177:^
1142:.
1130:^
1116:.
1075:.
1071:.
1060:^
1034:^
991:^
970:^
960:.
948:^
926:,
911:,
904:L.
876:.
841:.
787:.
762:.
752:.
744:.
732:12
730:.
726:.
707:.
689:.
648:LD
585:(2
566:,9
562:,7
558:(2
542:,8
538:,6
514:.
506:A
465:.
367:,
359:,
355:,
351:,
240:L.
216:L.
193:)
191:L.
117::
104::
91::
78::
1270:.
1250::
1223:.
1211::
1203::
1171:.
1124:.
1112::
1106:9
1089:.
1083::
1077:9
1054:.
1013:.
964:.
935:(
826:.
801:.
770:.
738::
711:.
693:.
642:(
634:(
612:D
610:-
608:b
606:-
604:O
587:E
568:E
564:Z
560:E
544:E
540:Z
536:E
402:(
189:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
