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omitted. Beginning in 2007, tiles were discovered in
Philadelphia that are quite similar to the original tiles, leading some to believe that everything has been the work of the same person throughout the life of the tile phenomenon. The font and message are the same as the old ones, and the subtext is a return to some of the older ideas as well. These tiles were glued with a thicker layer of asphalt glue or sealant than older ones.
209:
364:
Someone who accepts—as I myself do, taking it on trust—the present-day scientific account of the
Universe may find it impossible to believe that a living creature, once dead, can come to life again; but, if he did entertain this belief, he would be thinking more 'scientifically' if he thought in the Christian terms of a psychosomatic resurrection than if he thought in the shamanistic terms of a disembodied spirit.
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389:", which alludes to Toynbee's idea that in order to survive, humankind must always rush to meet the future and believe in a better world, and must always aim far beyond what is practically possible, in order to achieve something barely within reach. Thus the message might be that humanity ought to strive to colonize
33:
552:
spoke to the widow of a man named James Joseph
Morasco and identified him as a Philadelphia carpenter who had died in 2003, aged 87. His wife did not recognise the tiles and said her husband had had no interest in Jupiter. If Morasco had died at either age in 2003, he would have been in his seventies
566:
said that he considered the tiles to be the work of a single person and attributed them to the reclusive
Philadelphia resident Severino "Sevy" Verna. Duerr believed Verna used the name "James Morasco" as an alias. The streets surrounding Verna's residence were littered with small "proto-tiles" that
547:
In 2003, Worgul called the only James
Morasco in the Philadelphia telephone book and was told by the man's wife that her husband had died in March that year, aged 88. When asked about the tiles, Morasco's widow said that her husband "didn't know anything about it." Worgul doubted that this was the
543:
discovered a "Toynbee Tile" at the corner of 13th and Grand in downtown Kansas City. Investigating the story seven years later, he found that the tile was still there, and he determined that the street had last been resurfaced in 1996. Comparing the tile to those in other cities, a local police
363:
Human nature presents human minds with a puzzle which they have not yet solved and may never succeed in solving, for all that we can tell. The dichotomy of a human being into 'soul' and 'body' is not a datum of experience. No one has ever been, or ever met, a living human soul without a body...
515:
In 1983, a man identifying himself as a social worker named James
Morasco contacted talk shows and newspapers with his theory of colonizing Jupiter with the dead inhabitants of Earth, claiming to have come across the idea while reading a book by historian Arnold Toynbee. In a conversation with
578:
New tiles have been seen in
Philadelphia since 2003. Between 2002 and 2007, many such tiles displayed a different font and styling than the older tiles and tended to leave out words that were found on the originals: "raise" is often substituted for "resurrect," and prepositions are frequently
342:. Toynbee-tile enthusiasts believe that a native Philadelphian created the Toynbee tiles because of the large number that appear in the city, their apparent age, the variety of carving styles, the presence of the "tile creator's screed," and the Philadelphia address on the Santiago tile.
600:
and placed on a busy street early in the morning. From this find and other evidence, Duerr believes that the pressure exerted by cars driving over the tile for weeks on end pushes the tile into the road surface. Eventually, the tar paper wears away, exposing the message.
89:
Some of the more elaborate tiles also feature cryptic political statements or exhort readers to create and install similar tiles. The material used for making the tiles was initially unknown, but evidence has emerged that they may be primarily made of layers of
620:
A large tile complex, the tile maker's apparent rant against his enemies, was destroyed when
Chestnut Street in Philadelphia was repaved. One tile has been damaged and unreadable since 1996. It is located at the corners of Talcahuano and Santa Fé streets in
609:
Tiles that are located in the middle of busy streets and highway on- and off-ramps tend to wear away quickly and also can become victims of resurfacing; smaller tiles and those located close to pedestrian crosswalks tend to be in better condition.
336:. In 2006, the occupants of the house stated that they knew nothing about the tiles and were annoyed by people who asked, although the house was the former residence of a named recluse and alleged tile-maker, as shown in the 2011 documentary film
632:
There is no public or private agency dedicated to conserving
Toynbee tiles. Many tiles now exist only as photographs taken before their destruction. The tiles have enjoyed attention from American and European media outlets, including from
442:, based on the writings of Arnold Toynbee, speaks of the plan to reconstitute life on Jupiter. The radio show host quickly points out the factual errors in the caller's assertion and the logical fallacies of his plan.
674:
As of
October 2015, the Streets Department of Philadelphia recognizes Toynbee Tiles as street art, and "will save one or two of the Toynbee Tiles only if there is a fast and affordable method for removing them."
68:
of streets in about two dozen major cities in the United States and four South American cities. Since the 1980s, several hundred tiles have been discovered. They are generally about the size of an American
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430:
has spoken of his belief that the tiles are an homage to one of his plays, and has described it as "the weirdest thing that ever happened". In his 1983 work "4 A.M." (published in the collection
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about his theories. Based on comments from Verna's neighbors about him driving a car without a passenger seat, Duerr suspected Verna placed the tiles through a hole in the floor of his car.
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According to letters written by the tiler, allegedly uncovered by Toynbee tile researchers in Philadelphia in 2006, "Toynbee's idea" stems from a passage in Arnold Toynbee's book
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claim to have uncovered several pieces of evidence that predate Mamet's play, including a 1980 call by the tiler to Larry King's radio show. They cite a 1983 article in
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in 2007 and 2008. The plates are much larger than the originals and have red italic writing on them. In 2016, some tiles started re-appearing in Philadelphia.
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and asphalt crack-filling compound. Articles about the tiles began appearing in the mid-1990s, though references may have started to appear in the mid-1980s.
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which mentions a local man "contacting talk shows and newspapers to spread the message" about bringing the dead to life on Jupiter, as depicted in the film
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220:. They were removed by the evening of the next day. Less than a month later, on July 17, 2013, a tile resembling the Toynbee tiles appeared on a street in
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detective felt that "clearly it was created by the same hand" and concluded that despite referring to a "movement", the creator was acting alone.
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522:, Morasco discussed how Toynbee's book contained a theory on bringing dead molecules back to life and that this was later depicted in the movie
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Commonly, a city will have a couple of large and colorful tiles along with numerous small and simple tiles like this one, just a block from the
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73:(roughly 30 by 15 cm or 12 by 6 in), but sometimes considerably larger. They contain some variation of the following inscription:
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The majority of tiles contain text similar to that above, although a second set is often found nearby. Several of these allude to a mass
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185:. Many older tiles considered to be the work of the original tiler have been eroded by traffic, but as of 2011 older tiles remain in
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has declared the tiles "vandalism" and removes any tiles that it finds, considering them to be "no different than graffiti."
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referenced a Philadelphia-based campaign with themes similar to those mentioned in the tiles (e.g., resurrecting the dead on
321:), the U.S. government, the USSR (including tiles seemingly made years after the Soviet Union's dissolution), and "hellion
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The Toynbee tiles were first photographed in the late 1980s, and their first known reference in the media came in 1994 in
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Hundreds of tiles have been destroyed during the course of regular road maintenance. The city of
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claims to have once found and examined a newly installed tile. This new tile was wrapped in
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1524:"As Toynbee Tiles dwindle, Streets Department surfaces as unlikely hope for preservation"
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Pennsylvania Curiosities: Quirky Characters, Roadside Oddities & Other Offbeat Stuff
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Newer tiles have been embedded on several major highways in Pennsylvania, including
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1212:"Special Report: Matt Investigates the Mystery of Philadelphia's "Toynbee Tiles""
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called a "Jupiter colonization organization", known as the Minority Association.
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Interactive and searchable map of all known Toynbee tiles. Released April 2014.
298:. The former speculation site toynbee.net theorized that 'Toynbee' referred to
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in the U.S. Documentary category, and Foy won the category's Directing Award.
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Another possible interpretation is that the Toynbee reference comes from the
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On June 19, 2013, tiles resembling the Toynbee tiles appeared on a street in
17:
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Toynbee, Arnold (1969). "Religion: What I Believe and What I Disbelieve".
509:. The tiles are made of linoleum cemented onto normal-sized paving bricks.
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In the United States, tiles have officially been sighted as far west as
1238:"Resurrect Dead Message Board – Toynbees ideas – here they are, folks!"
1176:"A Space Oddity? Strange Kansas City marker part of world-wide mystery"
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assumes that "Toynbee" refers to the 20th century British historian
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31:
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1111:"Film Review: Resurrect Dead: The Mystery of the Toynbee Tiles"
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Messages of unknown origin found embedded in asphalt of streets
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Spiegel Online (SPON) article about the Toynbee Tiles (German)
784:(2nd ed.). CrimethInc. Ex-workers Collective. p. 48.
652:
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enthusiasts reported Verna might have broadcast a message via
322:
414:
on a mission to Jupiter. It contains elements in common with
45:
Bottom: Closeup of its bottom tab, apparently mentioning the
1493:"2011 Sundance Film Festival Announces Films in Competition"
935:"VA -- Richmond -- Public Art: Toynbee tiles/Stikman Robots"
779:
438:
impatiently listens to a caller who contends that the movie
284:, and that "Kubrick's 2001" is a reference to the 1968 film
751:"Placa misteriosa é cravada no asfalto da avenida Paulista"
727:
1096:"New Toynbee Tiles appear on the streets of Philadelphia"
749:
Correa, Vanessa; Spinelli, Evandro (September 19, 2010).
145:
area, although one notable sighting appeared in suburban
1623:), includes list of all known tiles, by city, as of 2003
1052:"Tile embedded in downtown street bears mystery message"
393:—as in Clarke's work—or something greater, to survive.
1386:. Guilford, Connecticut: Morris Book Publishing, LLC.
1014:
1005:
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1074:"Mysterious message appears in Salt Lake City street"
153:
in 2007. Presumed copycat tiles have been spotted in
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about the tiles. The film was selected for the 2011
605:
Destruction, conservation, and public acknowledgment
39:
Top: Large, colorful Toynbee tile found in downtown
1627:
Archived copy of the site about the Brazilian tiles
64:, are messages of unknown origin found embedded in
962:. Steveweinik.com. August 24, 2006. Archived from
659:, Jon Foy, Colin Smith, and Steve Weinik released
1371:(Documentary). Land of Missing Parts Productions.
368:
1499:. Sundance.org. December 1, 2010. Archived from
1414:Resurrect Dead: The Mystery of the Toynbee Tiles
1369:Resurrect Dead: The Mystery of the Toynbee Tiles
661:Resurrect Dead: The Mystery of the Toynbee Tiles
559:Resurrect Dead: The Mystery of the Toynbee Tiles
447:Resurrect Dead: The Mystery of the Toynbee Tiles
339:Resurrect Dead: The Mystery of the Toynbee Tiles
1584:"Mystery tiles in St. Louis covered in asphalt"
361:
313:between the press (including newspaper magnate
290:, a film co-written and directed by filmmaker
1557:'Toynbee Tiles' Mystery Resurrected in Philly
1240:. Resurrectdead.proboards.com. Archived from
8:
1146:"Odd Toynbee plaques just litter in Chicago"
1344:Epstein, Daniel Robert (December 2, 2007).
1205:
1203:
1201:
904:"Theories: Wanna Run That One By Me Again?"
781:Recipes for Disaster, an Anarchist Cookbook
432:Goldberg Street: Short Plays and Monologues
1109:The Hollywood Reporter (August 29, 2011).
778:CrimethInc. Ex-workers Collective (2012).
1559:, September 23, 2006, NPR Weekend Edition
1293:"World: The Mystery of the Toynbee Tiles"
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1011:"What Is It? (archive of former website)"
986:"Toynee Tiles – Steve Weinik Photography"
718:
716:
714:
655:. In 2011, Philadelphia-based filmmakers
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1214:. WPVI-TV/DT Action News. Archived from
897:
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871:"By all signs, markers remain a mystery"
710:
332:mentions a street address: 2624 S. 7th
276:In a documentary film about the tiles,
1140:
1138:
1136:
845:"The word on the street turns cryptic"
799:. Cincinnati City Beat. Archived from
369:Ray Bradbury's "The Toynbee Convector"
1037:"Toynbee Tile Mystery Comes To Tulsa"
562:, artist and Toynbee Tile enthusiast
445:Researchers for the 2011 documentary
396:
212:A Toynbee tile in New York City, 2013
7:
1269:. Oxford University Press. pp.
350:
1660:http://resurrectdead.proboards.com/
825:. Resurrectdead.com. Archived from
1174:Worgul, Doug (September 6, 2003).
553:when most of the tiles were laid.
526:. The caller had founded what the
421:
408:" involves a space ship named the
328:A tile that used to be located in
25:
1686:Graffiti and unauthorised signage
1210:O'Donnell, Matt (July 17, 2006).
869:Hiaasen, Rob (October 28, 1994).
491:
480:
469:
434:in 1985), a radio host based on
1691:Inscriptions of disputed origin
1050:Hrenchir, Tim (June 20, 2013).
902:DeLeon, Clark (March 8, 1983).
795:Stoehr, John (August 2, 2001).
567:Duerr believed were tests, and
239:. About six more were found on
1658:- deadlink, also connected to
1522:Saksa, Jim (October 2, 2015).
1446:"The Mysterious Toynbee Tiles"
1320:Physics of the Plasma Universe
397:Arthur C. Clarke's "Jupiter V"
351:Arnold J. Toynbee's "The Idea"
177:as well as a 1997 sighting in
126:) but did not refer to tiles.
1:
1617:Master site for Toynbee tiles
1548:"An Asphalt Mystery Examined"
1451:. The Rex Files. January 2014
1323:. New York: Springer-Verlag.
1076:. FOX13Now.com. July 17, 2013
260:People and things referred to
249:Delaware County, Pennsylvania
149:in 2006, and one appeared in
1647:Resurrect Dead Message Board
1367:Foy, Jon (Director) (2011).
507:Broad Street in Philadelphia
294:, about a crewed mission to
1317:Peratt, Anthony L. (1992).
1722:
1115:Film Journal International
1039:. News on 6. July 7, 2014.
501:Three tiles placed on the
334:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
143:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1676:20th-century inscriptions
960:"Huge Tile News – dovate"
908:The Philadelphia Inquirer
519:The Philadelphia Inquirer
451:The Philadelphia Inquirer
205:, among other locations.
167:San Francisco, California
111:The Philadelphia Inquirer
1333:– via archive.org.
823:"Resurrect Dead Mystery"
592:Toynbee-tile enthusiast
556:In the 2011 documentary
550:Action News Philadelphia
187:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
1681:Culture of Philadelphia
1588:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
243:northbound starting in
181:and a 2013 sighting in
1594:2010 Folha.com article
1497:Sundance Film Festival
1382:Deleon, Clark (2008).
669:Sundance Film Festival
422:David Mamet's "4 A.M."
366:
273:
213:
137:, and as far south as
87:
53:
642:The Chicago Sun-Times
524:2001: A Space Odyssey
387:The Toynbee Convector
304:The Toynbee Convector
287:2001: A Space Odyssey
267:
211:
135:Boston, Massachusetts
131:Kansas City, Missouri
75:
35:
1586:, July 4, 2009, the
1428:"Weird Pennsylvania"
843:(October 19, 1994).
829:on January 30, 2010.
730:on December 18, 2007
222:Salt Lake City, Utah
155:Noblesville, Indiana
1631:Photos tagged with
1571:, September 6, 2003
1503:on December 3, 2010
803:on December 5, 2006
797:"Out of This World"
191:St. Louis, Missouri
175:Roswell, New Mexico
108:. A 1983 letter to
1662:which is also dead
1590:(via stltoday.com)
1552:The New York Times
1550:, April 25, 1999,
1348:. SuicideGirls.com
1244:on August 26, 2011
1098:. August 15, 2016.
636:The New York Times
503:Avenue of the Arts
274:
214:
163:Syracuse, New York
151:Edison, New Jersey
139:Richmond, Virginia
133:, as far north as
84:ON PLANET JUPiTER
54:
1575:Complete text of
1393:978-0-7627-4588-3
1218:on March 13, 2007
875:The Baltimore Sun
849:The Baltimore Sun
756:Folha de S. Paulo
663:, an independent
346:Possible subjects
330:Santiago de Chile
282:Arnold J. Toynbee
179:Detroit, Michigan
159:Buffalo, New York
124:Arnold J. Toynbee
105:The Baltimore Sun
16:(Redirected from
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1611:Toynbee Tile Map
1568:Kansas City Star
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1473:. Resurrect Dead
1471:"Resurrect Dead"
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1182:. Archived from
1180:Kansas City Star
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910:. Archived from
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726:. Archived from
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700:Schuylkill notes
665:documentary film
573:short wave radio
536:Kansas City Star
495:
484:
473:
404:'s short story "
402:Arthur C. Clarke
302:'s short story "
171:Portland, Oregon
41:Washington, D.C.
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685:Culture jamming
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292:Stanley Kubrick
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255:Interpretations
233:Delaware County
199:Cleveland, Ohio
195:Cincinnati Ohio
183:Tulsa, Oklahoma
120:Stanley Kubrick
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1579:by David Mamet
1572:
1563:"Space Oddity"
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988:. Steve Weinik
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