38:
417:
671:
374:
358:(1914-1924) (see caption of image of Johnston). He became known for his focus on redeeming offenders and work to improve their lives; for instance, he treated those who needed it for drug abuse, and established educational and employment programs for inmates. In 1912 the state hired its first dentists to treat prisoners.
405:, where he customarily ate with the prisoners and was unguarded. Phillips, convicted of robbery and kidnapping, allegedly beat the warden in anger at a worker's strike. Johnston did not let this incident deter him, and returned to attending meals unguarded in the Dining Hall.
412:
from May 2–4, 1946, when
Marines were finally called in to supplement prison guards in suppressing an escape attempt and related violence. Two Bureau of Prison guards were killed, as were three of the prisoners attempting escape. Others were wounded.
393:
from its military use to serve as a federal prison. He was involved in its design in 1934. He served as the first warden of
Alcatraz, from 1934 until 1948. He had the longest term of service of any succeeding warden.
365:
Warden' while at San
Quentin. He was relatively popular among inmates and guards, and also became known as "Old Saltwater". He is credited with challenging some of the harsh tactics used in the prison, including
1185:
1210:
862:
492:
775:
361:
Johnston was considered to be both a strict disciplinarian and devout reformist. His rules included a strict code of silence, and he was nicknamed the '
651:
612:
584:
556:
765:
729:
340:
140:
877:
281:(September 15, 1874 – September 7, 1954) was an American politician and prison warden who served as the first and longest-serving
1195:
1190:
867:
857:
1180:
529:
313:
and orphaned at the age of ten, Johnston began working at age fifteen in a clothing store at
Weinstock, Lubin and Company in
698:
644:
408:
Ten of the fourteen escape attempts from
Alcatraz took place during Johnston's tenure,. These included what is called the
390:
333:
286:
53:
1107:
1139:
1057:
717:
713:
347:. The state legislature had given the board "centralized control of the financial outlays of most state agencies."
836:
343:
in 1907. In 1911 he was appointed to the
California State Board of Control, headed by new gubernatorial appointee
969:
795:
708:
452:
219:
690:
637:
442:
298:
99:
471:
1028:
907:
790:
20:
826:
805:
780:
724:
314:
1124:
963:
800:
1205:
1200:
1079:
810:
750:
402:
1068:
438:
351:
344:
294:
121:
1113:
993:
987:
902:
872:
745:
703:
409:
981:
946:
912:
755:
608:
602:
580:
552:
546:
525:
382:
574:
760:
685:
434:
310:
203:
19:
This article is about James
Aloysius Johston. For musical composer James Alan Johnston, see
448:
He married Ida Mae Fulton on
November 7, 1905, with whom he had a son and three daughters.
975:
940:
831:
785:
660:
398:
389:
Based on this experience, Johnston was instrumental in the conversion and adaptation of
1118:
1085:
1016:
934:
841:
88:
1174:
1149:
1095:
1090:
1039:
1033:
1022:
1010:
367:
325:
282:
117:
95:
49:
37:
1144:
1134:
1129:
1101:
1073:
1051:
370:
and solitary confinement in darkness. He worked to improve the lives of prisoners.
1155:
1063:
770:
416:
378:
362:
355:
670:
373:
350:
The next year
Johnston was appointed to serve as warden of the state prison at
290:
1045:
321:
in the menswear department. He rose to
General Manager of Weinstock Lubin.
318:
495:. California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. 14 June 2018
478:. San Francisco Bulletin. March 18, 1911 – via Newspapers.com.
629:
415:
372:
289:, serving from 1934 to 1948. He had earlier served as wardens of
451:
Johnston died of a bronchial infection on September 7, 1954, in
633:
377:
From left to right: Warden James A. Johnston, Associate Warden
339:
Entering politics in the young city, he was elected to the
493:"1914: San Quentin warden focuses on redeeming offenders"
354:(1912-1913), followed by serving a decade as warden at
1003:
956:
921:
895:
888:
850:
819:
738:
678:
260:
252:
225:
209:
186:
181:
167:
157:
138:
116:
94:
82:
70:
48:
28:
545:Ward, David A.; Kassebaum, Gene G. (19 May 2009).
522:Alcatraz Island Prison and the Men Who Live There
472:"Here is a chance to stop waste of public money"
645:
8:
601:Lewis Champion Jr, Jerry (27 January 2011).
1186:San Francisco Board of Supervisors members
892:
776:Former Military Chapel (Bachelor Quarters)
652:
638:
630:
437:). He documented his service as warden at
429:Johnston wrote several memoirs, including
36:
25:
1211:Wardens of Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary
576:A History of Alcatraz Island:: 1853-2008
242:
463:
487:
485:
1013:("The Dean of American Bank Robbers")
7:
518:. New York City: C. Scribner's Sons.
573:Wellman, Gregory L. (28 May 2008).
730:Alcatraz Island in popular culture
551:. University of California Press.
520:(Reissued in paperback in 2012 as
341:San Francisco Board of Supervisors
141:San Francisco Board of Supervisors
14:
878:June 1962 Alcatraz escape attempt
669:
238:
709:June 1962 escape from Alcatraz
1:
699:Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary
626:(self-published book, not RS)
604:The Fading Voices of Alcatraz
391:Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary
287:Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary
54:Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary
607:. AuthorHouse. p. 106.
548:Alcatraz: The Gangster Years
397:In 1937 he was assaulted by
328:, he started his own store,
514:Johnston, James A. (1949).
1227:
204:City of Brooklyn, New York
18:
1096:Ellsworth Raymond Johnson
796:Model Industries Building
667:
453:San Francisco, California
272:
220:San Francisco, California
177:
146:
127:
105:
59:
44:
35:
16:Prison warden of Alcatraz
431:Prison Life is Different
100:San Quentin State Prison
1196:American prison wardens
1191:Writers from California
1152:("Birdman of Alcatraz")
1102:Alvin Francis Karpavicz
791:New Industries Building
279:James Aloysius Johnston
191:James Aloysius Johnston
21:Jim Johnston (composer)
725:Occupation of Alcatraz
579:. Arcadia Publishing.
516:Alcatraz Island Prison
421:
386:
315:Sacramento, California
163:Eusebius Joseph Molera
1181:Writers from Brooklyn
1125:Rafael Cancel Miranda
1121:("Texas Bank Robber")
1110:("Machine Gun Kelly")
964:Cecil J. Shuttleworth
419:
376:
330:Johnston's Men's Wear
433:(1937, published by
381:, District Attorney
1108:George Kelly Barnes
352:Folsom State Prison
345:John Francis Neylan
122:Folsom State Prison
994:Richard J. Willard
988:Arthur M. Dollison
903:James B. McPherson
873:Battle of Alcatraz
704:Battle of Alcatraz
476:Santa Ana Register
422:
410:Battle of Alcatraz
387:
311:Brooklyn, New York
201:September 15, 1874
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1104:("Creepy Karpis")
982:Olin G. Blackwell
957:Associate wardens
947:Olin G. Blackwell
929:James A. Johnston
913:William A. Winder
721:
692:General McPherson
614:978-1-4567-1487-1
586:978-0-7385-5815-8
558:978-0-520-25607-1
524:, by Read Books,
383:Frank J. Hennessy
293:state prisons at
276:
275:
213:September 7, 1954
30:James A. Johnston
1218:
970:Edward J. Miller
893:
711:
673:
654:
647:
640:
631:
625:
623:
621:
597:
595:
593:
569:
567:
565:
533:
519:
511:
505:
504:
502:
500:
489:
480:
479:
468:
445:, and Alcatraz.
435:Houghton Mifflin
324:After moving to
297:(1912-1913) and
246:
244:
240:
216:
200:
198:
182:Personal details
170:
160:
151:
132:
110:
85:
73:
64:
40:
26:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1160:
1114:Thomas Limerick
1029:Albert L. Bates
1004:Notable inmates
999:
976:Paul J. Madigan
952:
941:Paul J. Madigan
917:
896:Fort commanders
884:
868:Escape attempts
846:
837:Recreation Yard
832:Little Alcatraz
815:
734:
674:
663:
661:Alcatraz Island
658:
619:
617:
615:
600:
591:
589:
587:
572:
563:
561:
559:
544:
541:
539:Further reading
536:
513:
512:
508:
498:
496:
491:
490:
483:
470:
469:
465:
461:
427:
420:Johnson c. 1948
399:Burton Phillips
385:, c. late 1940s
307:
267:
265:
248:
236:
232:
218:
214:
202:
196:
194:
193:
192:
168:
158:
152:
147:
133:
128:
111:
106:
83:
71:
65:
60:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1224:
1222:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1173:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1116:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1088:
1086:Rufus Franklin
1083:
1080:Herbert Farmer
1077:
1071:
1069:Joseph Cretzer
1066:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1017:Basil Banghart
1014:
1007:
1005:
1001:
1000:
998:
997:
991:
985:
979:
973:
967:
960:
958:
954:
953:
951:
950:
944:
938:
935:Edwin B. Swope
932:
925:
923:
919:
918:
916:
915:
910:
908:Joseph Stewart
905:
899:
897:
890:
886:
885:
883:
882:
881:
880:
875:
865:
860:
854:
852:
848:
847:
845:
844:
839:
834:
829:
823:
821:
817:
816:
814:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
766:Warden's House
763:
758:
753:
748:
746:Main Cellhouse
742:
740:
736:
735:
733:
732:
727:
722:
706:
701:
696:
688:
682:
680:
676:
675:
668:
665:
664:
659:
657:
656:
649:
642:
634:
628:
627:
613:
598:
585:
570:
557:
540:
537:
535:
534:
506:
481:
462:
460:
457:
426:
423:
368:strait jackets
306:
303:
274:
273:
270:
269:
262:
258:
257:
254:
250:
249:
234:
231:Ida Mae Fulton
230:
229:
227:
223:
222:
217:(aged 79)
211:
207:
206:
190:
188:
184:
183:
179:
178:
175:
174:
173:John L. Herget
171:
165:
164:
161:
155:
154:
144:
143:
139:Member of the
136:
135:
125:
124:
114:
113:
103:
102:
92:
91:
89:Edwin B. Swope
86:
80:
79:
74:
68:
67:
57:
56:
46:
45:
42:
41:
33:
32:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1223:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1150:Robert Stroud
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1058:Theodore Cole
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1034:Joseph Bowers
1032:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1023:Arthur Barker
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1011:Harvey Bailey
1009:
1008:
1006:
1002:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
961:
959:
955:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
926:
924:
920:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
900:
898:
894:
891:
887:
879:
876:
874:
871:
870:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
855:
853:
849:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
822:
818:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
741:
737:
731:
728:
726:
723:
719:
715:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
693:
689:
687:
686:Fort Alcatraz
684:
683:
681:
677:
672:
666:
662:
655:
650:
648:
643:
641:
636:
635:
632:
616:
610:
606:
605:
599:
588:
582:
578:
577:
571:
560:
554:
550:
549:
543:
542:
538:
531:
527:
523:
517:
510:
507:
494:
488:
486:
482:
477:
473:
467:
464:
458:
456:
454:
449:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
425:Personal life
424:
418:
414:
411:
406:
404:
400:
395:
392:
384:
380:
375:
371:
369:
364:
359:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
337:
335:
334:Market Street
331:
327:
326:San Francisco
322:
320:
316:
312:
304:
302:
301:(1914-1924).
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
271:
266:Prison warden
263:
259:
255:
251:
228:
224:
221:
212:
208:
205:
189:
185:
180:
176:
172:
166:
162:
156:
150:
145:
142:
137:
131:
126:
123:
119:
115:
109:
104:
101:
97:
93:
90:
87:
81:
78:
77:Prison opened
75:
69:
63:
58:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
27:
22:
1145:Sam Shockley
1135:Rufe Persful
1130:Rufus McCain
1074:Volney Davis
1048:("Scarface")
1040:James Bulger
928:
691:
618:. Retrieved
603:
590:. Retrieved
575:
562:. Retrieved
547:
521:
515:
509:
499:27 September
497:. Retrieved
475:
466:
450:
447:
430:
428:
407:
396:
388:
360:
349:
338:
329:
323:
308:
278:
277:
215:(1954-09-07)
169:Succeeded by
148:
129:
107:
84:Succeeded by
76:
61:
1206:1874 births
1201:1954 deaths
1156:Henri Young
1119:James Lucas
1064:Bernard Coy
1052:Meyer Cohen
1019:("The Owl")
996:(1962–1963)
990:(1961–1962)
984:(1959–1961)
978:(1947–1955)
972:(1937–1947)
966:(1934–1937)
949:(1961–1963)
943:(1955–1961)
937:(1948–1955)
931:(1934–1948)
827:Baker Beach
811:Water Tower
806:Power House
781:Social Hall
771:Building 64
751:Dining Hall
620:7 September
592:8 September
564:8 September
443:San Quentin
403:Dining hall
379:E.J. Miller
363:Golden Rule
356:San Quentin
299:San Quentin
159:Preceded by
72:Preceded by
1175:Categories
1091:John Giles
1076:("Curley")
1054:("Mickey")
1042:("Whitey")
801:Lighthouse
530:1447450213
459:References
317:. He sold
291:California
264:Politician
261:Occupation
197:1874-09-15
1140:Ralph Roe
1098:("Bumpy")
1082:("Deafy")
1046:Al Capone
1036:("Dutch")
739:Buildings
332:, at 916
305:Biography
153:1907–1909
149:In office
134:1912–1913
130:In office
112:1914–1924
108:In office
66:1934–1948
62:In office
858:Features
756:Hospital
319:neckties
309:Born in
253:Children
1060:("Ted")
1025:("Doc")
922:Wardens
863:Inmates
820:Grounds
761:Library
679:General
401:in the
247:
235:
889:People
786:Morgue
694:(ship)
611:
583:
555:
528:
439:Folsom
295:Folsom
283:warden
268:Writer
241:
226:Spouse
118:Warden
96:Warden
50:Warden
851:Lists
842:Wharf
245:)
237:(
233:
718:film
714:book
622:2012
609:ISBN
594:2012
581:ISBN
566:2012
553:ISBN
526:ISBN
501:2021
243:1905
210:Died
187:Born
285:of
120:of
98:of
52:of
1177::
716:·
532:).
484:^
474:.
455:.
441:,
336:.
239:m.
720:)
712:(
653:e
646:t
639:v
624:.
596:.
568:.
503:.
256:5
199:)
195:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
