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gender" to classify students has the effect of shunting individuals like Grimm—who may not use the boys’ bathrooms because of their "biological gender," and who cannot use the girls’ bathrooms because of their gender identity—to a third category of bathroom altogether: the “alternative appropriate private facilit" established in the policy for "students with gender identity issues." That is indistinguishable from the sort of separate-but-equal treatment that is anathema under our jurisprudence. No less than the recent historical practice of segregating Black and white restrooms, schools, and other public accommodations, the unequal treatment enabled by the Board's policy produces a vicious and ineradicable stigma.
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807:, 831 F.3d 204 (4th Cir. 2016). The majority held that the North Carolina General Assembly's "new provisions target African Americans with almost surgical precision." Wynn wrote the section of the majority opinion as to remedy, permanently enjoining the State from implementing the unconstitutional provisions. The Supreme Court declined to hear the case, leaving the Fourth Circuit's holding in place.
651:
499:'s decision to assumed senior status in 1994. The nomination was part of an effort to integrate the Fourth Circuit, which, despite representing the largest per-capita African American population of any judicial circuit, had never had an African American judge. At the time, the Fourth Circuit was the only circuit to never have had a person of color serve as a circuit judge.
803:, 769 F.3d 224 (4th Cir. 2014). Wynn was later a member of a panel that held that the provisions of the law that required photo identification to vote, reduced early-voting opportunities, and eliminated out-of-precinct voting, same-day registration, and pre-registration, were enacted with discriminatory intent, and thus, were unconstitutional.
1032:
members, including candidates." A contrary holding, he wrote, would not only do violence to the
Constitution's text but would also mean states would be unable to prevent "'fraudulent or unqualified candidates such as minors, out-of-state residents, or foreign nationals' from running for office." And
987:
wrote for the majority that "t the heart of this appeal is whether equal protection and Title IX can protect transgender students from school bathroom policies that prohibit them from affirming their gender. We join a growing consensus of courts in holding that the answer is resoundingly yes." Wynn,
963:
Wynn wrote a concurring opinion contending that
President Trump's "travel ban" exceeded the President's authority under the Immigration and Nationality Act because it denied entry to a class of aliens on the basis of invidious discrimination. Wynn's opinion was grounded in the interpretive principle
992:
the Board's classification on the basis of "biological gender"—defined in this appeal as the sex marker on a student's birth certificate—is arbitrary and provides no consistent reason to assign transgender students to bathrooms on a binary male/female basis. Rather, the Board's use of "biological
861:
During oral arguments, Wynn questioned why, if the State's goal was to seek justice, it was not willing to look at the new evidence. He also called attention to the racial dynamics at play. The case involved police officers failing to disclose key evidence and lying on the stand. He noted that
857:
majority remanded the case to the district court for further consideration. Wynn authored a concurring opinion, arguing that the court should grant immediate relief. Wynn reasoned that no reasonable jury could convict the defendant based on the new evidence.
888:, writing for the majority, also concluded that the school’s dress code, which "requires female students to wear skirts to school based on the view that girls are 'fragile vessels' deserving of 'gentle' treatment by boys," plainly violates the
1008:
In July 2021, Wynn dissented from a Fourth
Circuit panel's decision to strike down as unconstitutional a longstanding federal statute preventing federally licensed gun dealers from selling handguns to individuals under the age of 21.
912:." He also rejected the dissenting judges' argument that "subjecting schools like Charter Day to the demands of the Constitution" will stifle "educational progress," noting that "wo hundred and fifty years of innovation and ingenuity—
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1066:, is "designed to enhance the appreciation of civil liberty and strengthen the sense of national purpose." Wynn's 2020 lecture explained his definition of judicial activism, exemplified by the Supreme Court's decision in
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that absent a clear statement by
Congress, courts should not construe a delegation of congressional power as authorizing the delegates to exercise that power in a manner that curtails or dilutes fundamental rights.
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In 1976, an all-white North
Carolina jury convicted a Black man, Ronnie Long, of raping a white woman. Decades later, new evidence that had not been disclosed to the defense came to light. The defendant sought
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Wynn penned a concurrence joined by four other judges critiquing policy arguments raised by some of the dissenting judges. He dismissed concerns that the majority's Equal
Protection holding would threaten
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1024:, Section 5 does not render states "powerless to regulate candidates or ballot access" for congressional office. He observed that by its plain terms, Article I, Section 5 "only applies to Congress's '
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1070:. He proposed that a court engages in judicial activism if it fails to consider well-established decisional tools that are relevant to deciding a particular case. Wynn contended that
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on grounds that the state's 2016 districting plan constituted a partisan gerrymander in violation of
Article I of the Constitution and the First and Fourteenth Amendments.
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in 1994 vacant until Wynn's ultimate confirmation in 2010. It also left the court without North
Carolina representation for four years (from the death of Judge
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In a concurring opinion, Wynn became the first federal judge, and only lower-federal-court judge, to conclude that
Congress had the authority to establish the
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During his tenure on the
Supreme Court of North Carolina, Wynn authored an opinion abolishing the longstanding invitee/licensee framework for evaluating
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In 2014, Wynn wrote the majority opinion preliminarily enjoining portions of a North Carolina law that denied minority groups equal access to voting.
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Following his active-duty military service, Wynn briefly served as an Assistant Appellate Defender for the State of North Carolina before joining the
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1749:"Butterfield Applauds Fourth Circuit Judge James A. Wynn, Jr. As First Federal Judge to Uphold Affordable Care Act Under Congress's Taxing Power"
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is not voluntarily conveyed by cell phone users and, therefore, is protected by the Fourth Amendment. The Supreme Court subsequently agreed.
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President Clinton nominated Wynn a second time on January 3, 2001, shortly before leaving office. The nomination was withdrawn by President
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1335:"3 men fueled civil rights 'fire' into Wilson law firm, building legal legacy whose history is yet to be etched - Restoration NewsMedia"
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for seats on the Fourth Circuit. Obama's renomination of Wynn and nomination of Diaz were jointly endorsed by North Carolina senators
1998:
1477:"White House Press Release: President Obama Nominates Judge Albert Diaz and Judge James Wynn to the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals"
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1054:. The opinion discusses at length what types of facts a complaint must allege to sufficiently plead a relevant geographic market.
823:, 318 F. Supp. 3d 777 (M.D.N.C. 2018). The Supreme Court vacated Wynn's opinion, holding that the case presented a nonjusticiable
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In a 10–6 decision, joined by Judge Wynn, the full court held that a public charter school was a state actor for the purposes of
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1170:. As part of the Symposium, the journal also published a series of essays related to Judge Wynn's legacy, including essays by
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and replacing it with a new standard under which property owners owe a duty of reasonable care to all lawful visitors.
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1154:, held a Symposium in 2022 in honor of Judge Wynn's decades on the bench. The distinguished list of speakers included
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Citing testimony before the U.S. Senate that the Fourth Circuit did not need any more judges, North Carolina Senator
1844:"Judge James Wynn Jr. critiques Supreme Court's Rucho v. Common Cause ruling in Madison Lecture | NYU School of Law"
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is a type of judicial activism because it permits judges to disregard legislative history. Wynn further argued that
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numerous Black men had been wrongfully prosecuted at the time and cited the country's history of lynchings.
837:, 139 S. Ct. 2484 (2019). Wynn has been outspoken about his disagreement with the Supreme Court's decision.
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1033:"either the Constitution, nor Supreme Court precedent, nor common sense supports that irrational result."
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arrived on the court in August 2003). Ultimately, President Clinton issued a recess appointment to Judge
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of Virginia in December 2000, making him the first African American judge to sit on the Fourth Circuit.
1452:"President Clinton Appoints Roger Gregory to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"
565:. He received his commission on August 10, 2010. On January 9, 2024, he announced his intent to assume
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In August 2018, Wynn wrote the majority opinion for a three-judge district court panel striking down
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Wynn authored one of the first opinions applying the plausibility pleading standard set forth in
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Martin Luther King Achievement Award, General Baptist State Convention of North Carolina (1996)
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214:
174:
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2024:"GAVIN GRIMM, Plaintiff – Appellee, v. GLOUCESTER COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD, Defendant – Appellant"
1999:"Court rules 'resoundingly yes' for transgender rights in Gavin Grimm bathroom access battle"
1781:
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407:, one of eight children. His family operated a farm on which he worked during his childhood.
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1197:
Harvey E. Beech Outstanding Alumni Award, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (2008)
278:
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The Supreme Court declined to grant review, leaving the Fourth Circuit's holding in place.
442:. He was stationed in Norfolk, Virginia. He continued his service for 26 more years in the
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151:
2341:"Virginia federal Judge James A. Wynn Jr. to receive ABA 2018 Spirit of Excellence Award"
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is an activist opinion because it disregarded several well-established decisional tools.
446:, which included service as a military judge. He retired in 2009 at the rank of captain.
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1020:
In a concurring opinion, Wynn became the first federal appellate judge to conclude that
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because there are no "judicially manageable standards" with which to measure political
583:
Former Member of Board of Directors, American Bar Endowment (Chair, Finance Committee)
534:
438:
Following graduation from law school, Wynn served for four years on active duty in the
427:
296:
2238:"A Career of Service: A Symposium Honoring the Judicial Legacy of Judge James A. Wynn"
2158:"Opinion | As a judge, I have to follow the Supreme Court. It should fix this mistake"
2141:"When Judges and Justices Throw Out Tools: Judicial Activism in Rucho v. Common Cause"
1868:
561:, a Republican. His nomination was confirmed by the full Senate on August 5, 2010, by
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1946:
1171:
1132:
566:
527:
320:
1088:
When Judges and Justices Throw Out Tools: Judicial Activism in Rucho v. Common Cause
785:. The Supreme Court subsequently upheld the individual mandate under that theory in
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Opinion: As a judge, I have to follow the Supreme Court. It should fix this mistake
626:
558:
546:
488:
419:
287:
31:
1050:, 550 U.S. 544 (2007), to an attempted monopolization case under Section 2 of the
453:
law firm of Fitch & Butterfield—later known as Fitch, Butterfield & Wynn.
1614:"North Carolina Supreme Court Justices - Associate Justice James Andrew Wynn, Jr"
17:
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2072:"Handgun sale ban to under 21-year-olds is unconstitutional, appeals court says"
1480:
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503:
2307:"Judge Wynn and the Essential Safeguard of Independent Federal Judicial Review"
2094:"READ: Appeals court ruling on gun sales to people under 21 (dissent at p. 89)"
4046:
3622:
2938:
2862:
2206:"Ground to Stand On: Charles Hamilton Houston's Legal Foundation for Dr. King"
1965:"Court rules in favor of transgender student barred from using boys' bathroom"
1885:
1071:
942:
Wynn wrote an opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part, arguing that
866:
2169:
2050:"Supreme Court gives victory to transgender student who sued to use bathroom"
1976:
1681:
1426:
4411:
4041:
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1028:,'" so Congress must lack "exclusive control to judge the qualifications of
554:
72:
1209:
Appellate Judge of the Year, North Carolina Academy of Trial Lawyers (1995)
549:
nominated Wynn and Special Superior Court Judge for Complex Business Cases
1561:"4th Circuit's Wynn to take senior status, giving Biden new court vacancy"
979:. In a 2–1 decision, the court held that a Virginia school board violated
865:
Less than four months after the case was decided, North Carolina Governor
3895:
2405:
2366:"BAR Awards Profile – James A. Wynn '75 | UNC General Alumni Association"
1212:
Order of the Old Well, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (1979)
983:
when it prevented a transgender man from using the boys' bathroom. Judge
980:
2029:. United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. August 26, 2020
854:
1887:
The Arc of the Moral Universe: A Conversation with Judge James A. Wynn
2414:
2409:
1127:, Marquette University Law Review, 86 Marq. L. Rev. 753, Spring 2003
4645:
Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
2389:
2289:"Judge James A. Wynn, Originalism, and the Juridical/Judicial Role"
1504:"N.C. judges Diaz and Wynn play Senate confirmation waiting game"
1002:
Hirschfeld v. Bureau of Alcohol, Firearms, Tobacco and Explosives
1488:
4670:
United States court of appeals judges appointed by Barack Obama
2558:
1589:"Hon. James A. Wynn, Jr. // Leadership // Marquette University"
1200:
All-University Alumni Merit Award, Marquette University (2004)
1109:
Judicial Diversity: Where Independence and Accountability Meet
689:
from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
644:
1379:"CLINTON PERSISTS IN ATTEMPTS TO INTEGRATE 4TH CIRCUIT COURT"
1194:
Raymond Pace Alexander Award, National Bar Association (2008)
580:
Board of Trustees (Chair of University’s Athletic Committee)
1062:
The Madison Lecture, "the most important lecture series" at
379:(born March 17, 1954) is an American jurist. He serves as a
1188:
Spirit of Excellence Award, American Bar Association (2018)
1185:
Alumnus of the Year, Marquette University Law School (2018)
1103:, 13 N.C. 263 (N.C. 1830): Judicial Choice or Judicial Duty
801:
League of Women Voters of North Carolina v. North Carolina
1191:
Liberty Bell Award, North Carolina Bar Association (2018)
1137:
Judges Journal, American Bar Association, Vol. 45, No. 3
403:
Wynn grew up in the Eastern North Carolina community of
1203:
E. Harold Hollows Lecturer, Marquette Law School (2003)
2048:
Ariane de Vogue and Chandelis Duster (June 28, 2021).
1309:"Wynn to deliver Elon Law's 2012 Commencement Address"
916:
by our American constitutional system—say otherwise."
2539:
United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
1807:"North Carolina State Conference of NAACP v. McCrory"
493:
United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
385:
United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
64:
United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
904:, pointing out that just because an "institution is
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2611:
1487:from the original on February 16, 2017 – via
1291:"Wynn, James Andrew, Jr. – Federal Judicial Center"
1038:
E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. v. Kolon Industries
805:
North Carolina State Conference of NAACP v. McCrory
360:
352:
344:
326:
308:
303:
270:
241:
236:
220:
208:
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168:
145:
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510:that would have allowed Wynn a hearing before the
4685:UNC Hussman School of Journalism and Media alumni
2192:"State v. Mann: Judicial Choice or Judicial Duty"
957:International Refugee Assistance Project v. Trump
2429:Charlotte Observer endorses Wynn for re-election
1246:Bill Clinton judicial appointment controversies
1135:: Who Supervises the Military Justice System?,
204:September 28, 1998 – December 31, 1998
593:Special Advisor to the Board of Directors for
2570:
1913:"Pardon of Innocence for Ronnie Wallace Long"
8:
4660:Justices of the North Carolina Supreme Court
2116:"James Madison Lectures | NYU School of Law"
1358:"Senate Questionnaire for Judicial Nominees"
975:In August 2020, Wynn joined the majority in
902:historically Black colleges and universities
4690:University of Virginia School of Law alumni
2481:Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court
910:currently engaging in racial discrimination
466:From 1990 to 2010, Wynn served on both the
412:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
275:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
192:Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court
4486:
4369:
4227:
4075:
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3656:
3539:
3347:
3180:
3048:
2886:
2714:
2617:
2577:
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2555:
2433:
1218:Meritorious Service Medal (3 awards/stars)
1152:University of North Carolina School of Law
682:about living persons that is unsourced or
49:
38:
4665:People from Martin County, North Carolina
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1105:, 87 North Carolina Law Review 991 (2009)
908:Black . . . does not mean that school is
753:Learn how and when to remove this message
440:Judge Advocate General's Corps, U.S. Navy
2395:Biographical Directory of Federal Judges
1221:Navy Commendation Medal (2 awards/stars)
959:, 857 F.3d 554 (4th Cir. 2017) (en banc)
938:, 824 F.3d 421 (4th Cir. 2016) (en banc)
844:, 972 F.3d 442 (4th Cir. 2020) (en banc)
817:North Carolina's congressional districts
1267:
1251:List of African-American federal judges
977:G. G. v. Gloucester County School Board
969:G. G. v. Gloucester County School Board
4655:North Carolina Court of Appeals judges
4650:Marquette University Law School alumni
1997:Stratford, Michael (August 26, 2020).
1894:from the original on December 22, 2021
1732:"Liberty University, Inc. v. Geithner"
1664:"Uniform Law Commission Annual Report"
637:Chair, Board of Deacons at his church
514:. This left the seat vacated by Judge
414:(Bachelor of Arts, Journalism, 1975);
1838:
1836:
1583:
1581:
7:
1707:"Center for Human Rights Leadership"
1372:
1370:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
767:Liberty University, Inc. v. Geithner
600:Life Member, National Conference of
586:Former Member of Board of Trustees,
424:University of Virginia School of Law
1530:"Senate confirms Wynn's nomination"
1528:Barrett, Barbara (August 6, 2010).
1377:Times, Los Angeles (July 9, 2000).
874:Peltier v. Charter Day School, Inc.
495:to fill a vacancy created by Judge
2222:Wynn, James Andrew (Spring 2003).
1502:Barrett, Barbara (July 15, 2010).
795:North Carolina Voting Rights Cases
569:upon confirmation of a successor.
25:
1111:, 67 Albany Law Review 775 (2004)
1090:, 96 N.Y.U. Law Review 607 (2021)
2190:Wynn, James A. (March 1, 2009).
1753:Representative G. K. Butterfield
1256:List of African-American jurists
1164:Justice Patricia Timmons-Goodson
1119:’s Legal Foundation for Dr. King
649:
387:and formerly served on both the
331:
313:
2587:United States courts of appeals
2509:North Carolina Court of Appeals
2454:North Carolina Court of Appeals
1456:clintonwhitehouse5.archives.gov
1404:"Helms Won't Block Black Judge"
545:On November 4, 2009, President
512:U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee
491:nominated Wynn to serve on the
472:Supreme Court of North Carolina
468:North Carolina Court of Appeals
416:Marquette University Law School
389:North Carolina Court of Appeals
119:North Carolina Court of Appeals
1230:National Defense Service Medal
1047:Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly
1040:, 637 F.3d 435 (4th Cir. 2011)
1016:, 35 F.4th 245 (4th Cir. 2022)
971:, 972 F.3d 586 (4th Cir. 2020)
944:cell site location information
769:, 671 F.3d 391 (4th Cir. 2011)
522:in September 1999 until Judge
1:
4675:United States Navy reservists
1680:Institute, The American Law.
1425:Institute, The American Law.
1406:. CBS News. December 29, 2000
1233:Global War on Terrorism Medal
1004:, 5 F.4th 407 (4th Cir. 2021)
487:On August 5, 1999, President
263:Robersonville, North Carolina
4635:21st-century American judges
1096:, The Washington Post (2020)
660:biography of a living person
393:North Carolina Supreme Court
2424:News & Observer profile
687:must be removed immediately
616:'s Center for Human Rights
430:, Judicial Process, 1995).
381:United States circuit judge
4706:
4680:United States Navy sailors
2530:James Dickson Phillips Jr.
1142:Selected honors and awards
952:, 138 S. Ct. 2206 (2018).
949:Carpenter v. United States
597:’s Rule of Law Initiative
516:James Dickson Phillips Jr.
497:James Dickson Phillips Jr.
410:He holds degrees from the
111:James Dickson Phillips Jr.
29:
27:American judge (born 1954)
2593:
2546:
2534:
2526:
2516:
2504:
2498:
2488:
2477:
2469:
2461:
2449:
2441:
2436:
2267:North Carolina Law Review
1930:"United States v. Graham"
1160:Professor Stephen Wermiel
1150:, the law journal of the
1148:North Carolina Law Review
929:premises-liability claims
876:(4th Cir. 2022) (en banc)
602:Uniform Law Commissioners
483:Nominations under Clinton
370:
232:
197:
157:
124:
80:
69:
57:
48:
30:For the saxophonist, see
2492:George L. Wainwright Jr.
2324:"Alumni National Awards"
1131:Military Courts and the
1117:Charles Hamilton Houston
614:American Bar Association
595:American Bar Association
478:Federal judicial service
227:George L. Wainwright Jr.
4640:African-American judges
2400:Federal Judicial Center
2398:, a publication of the
2287:Tigar, Michael (2022).
1534:The News & Observer
1172:Professor Michael Tigar
1121:, 9 N.C. Bar. J. (2004)
936:United States v. Graham
894:Equal Protection Clause
811:Partisan Gerrymandering
631:Prince Hall of Masons,
1686:American Law Institute
1431:American Law Institute
1224:Navy Achievement Medal
1215:Military Decorations:
995:
988:concurring, wrote that
674:Please help by adding
612:Immediate Past Chair,
608:American Law Institute
588:Pitt Community College
541:Nomination under Obama
520:Samuel James Ervin III
462:State judicial service
451:Wilson, North Carolina
293:University of Virginia
2305:Nichol, Gene (2022).
1337:. September 22, 2014.
1176:Professor Gene Nichol
1068:Rucho v. Common Cause
1052:Sherman Antitrust Act
990:
923:, 349 N.C. 615 (1998)
886:Barbara Milano Keenan
834:Rucho v. Common Cause
821:Common Cause v. Rucho
621:Kappa Alpha Psi, Inc.
377:James Andrew Wynn Jr.
345:Years of service
246:James Andrew Wynn Jr.
2224:"Judging the Judges"
2096:. CNN. July 13, 2021
2074:. CNN. July 13, 2021
1540:on September 6, 2012
1508:McClatchy Newspapers
1483:. November 4, 2009.
1115:Ground to Stand on:
890:Fourteenth Amendment
783:plenary taxing power
680:Contentious material
578:Marquette University
506:refused to submit a
284:Marquette University
2162:The Washington Post
1969:The Washington Post
1643:www.americanbar.org
1227:Naval Reserve Medal
1168:Justice Anita Earls
1156:Judge W. Earl Britt
779:Affordable Care Act
702:"James Andrew Wynn"
2602:represent current
1874:. August 26, 2020.
1775:"NFIB v. Sebelius"
1125:Judging the Judges
1014:Cawthorn v. Amalfi
921:Nelson v. Freeland
825:political question
775:individual mandate
658:This section of a
627:Sigma Pi Phi, Inc.
590:, Winterville, NC
557:, a Democrat, and
537:two months later.
444:U.S. Naval Reserve
339:United States Navy
4612:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4476:
4475:
4359:
4358:
4217:
4216:
4065:
4064:
3768:
3767:
3646:
3645:
3529:
3528:
3337:
3336:
3170:
3169:
3038:
3037:
2954:Montgomery-Reeves
2876:
2875:
2704:
2703:
2553:
2552:
2517:Succeeded by
2489:Succeeded by
2462:Succeeded by
2445:Allyson K. Duncan
2390:James Andrew Wynn
2242:UNC School of Law
1489:National Archives
1064:NYU School of Law
763:
762:
755:
737:
663:needs additional
633:33rd Degree Mason
563:unanimous consent
524:Allyson K. Duncan
422:, 1979); and the
374:
373:
175:Allyson K. Duncan
43:James Andrew Wynn
18:James A. Wynn Jr.
16:(Redirected from
4697:
4487:
4370:
4228:
4076:
3779:
3657:
3540:
3348:
3181:
3049:
2887:
2715:
2618:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2556:
2541:
2527:Preceded by
2511:
2499:Preceded by
2483:
2470:Preceded by
2456:
2442:Preceded by
2434:
2377:
2376:
2374:
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2362:
2356:
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2045:
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2028:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1994:
1988:
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1985:
1983:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
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1937:
1936:
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1926:
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1876:
1875:
1873:
1865:
1859:
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1856:
1854:
1840:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1824:"Denial of Cert"
1820:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1787:on June 28, 2017
1786:
1780:. Archived from
1779:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
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1722:
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1654:
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1651:
1649:
1639:"ABA ROLI Board"
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1618:www.carolana.com
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1556:
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1547:
1545:
1536:. Archived from
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1389:
1383:Orlando Sentinel
1374:
1365:
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1362:
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1339:
1338:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1315:. August 2, 2012
1305:
1299:
1298:
1287:
1181:Awards include:
882:42 U.S.C. § 1983
788:NFIB v. Sebelius
781:pursuant to its
758:
751:
747:
744:
738:
736:
695:
676:reliable sources
653:
652:
645:
573:Other activities
337:
335:
334:
319:
317:
316:
304:Military service
266:
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237:Personal details
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4604:
4558:
4482:Federal Circuit
4472:
4436:
4355:
4299:
4213:
4147:
4061:
3935:
3764:
3723:
3642:
3606:
3582:Jackson-Akiwumi
3525:
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3333:
3277:
3166:
3135:
3034:
2968:
2872:
2791:
2700:
2659:
2607:
2589:
2583:
2543:
2536:
2532:
2522:
2520:Cressie Thigpen
2513:
2506:
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2345:americanbar.org
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2120:www.law.nyu.edu
2114:
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2021:
2017:
2007:
2005:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1963:Davies, Emily.
1962:
1961:
1957:
1949:
1947:"IRAP v. Trump"
1945:
1944:
1940:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1897:
1895:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1871:
1869:"Long v. Hooks"
1867:
1866:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1848:www.law.nyu.edu
1842:
1841:
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1790:
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1758:
1756:
1755:. June 30, 2012
1747:
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1711:americanbar.org
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1559:Raymond, Nate.
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1313:Elon University
1307:
1306:
1302:
1289:
1288:
1269:
1264:
1242:
1144:
1084:
1060:
1058:Madison Lecture
1042:
1018:
1006:
973:
961:
940:
925:
884:. Senior Judge
878:
869:pardoned Long.
846:
813:
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771:
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742:
739:
696:
694:
673:
654:
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459:
457:Judicial career
436:
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152:Cressie Thigpen
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93:
88:August 10, 2010
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3149:
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2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
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2622:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2585:Judges of the
2584:
2582:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2559:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2533:
2528:
2524:
2523:
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2515:
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2500:
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2490:
2487:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2437:Legal offices
2432:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2412:
2403:
2385:
2384:External links
2382:
2379:
2378:
2357:
2332:
2315:
2297:
2279:
2254:
2229:
2214:
2211:. Spring 2004.
2197:
2182:
2149:
2132:
2107:
2085:
2063:
2040:
2015:
1989:
1955:
1938:
1921:
1904:
1877:
1860:
1832:
1815:
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1740:
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1035:
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1005:
999:
985:Henry F. Floyd
972:
966:
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939:
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871:
845:
839:
829:gerrymandering
812:
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770:
764:
761:
760:
684:poorly sourced
657:
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639:
574:
571:
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535:George W. Bush
484:
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2544:2010–present
2542:
2540:
2537:Judge of the
2531:
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2510:
2507:Judge of the
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1101:State v. Mann
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842:Long v. Hooks
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698:Find sources:
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661:
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647:
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641:Notable cases
640:
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619:Life Member,
617:
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610:
609:
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584:
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572:
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567:senior status
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531:
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528:Roger Gregory
525:
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405:Robersonville
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321:United States
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258:(age 70)
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117:Judge of the
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91:
84:
79:
75:
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68:
65:
62:Judge of the
60:
56:
52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4496:
4379:
4365:D.C. Circuit
4237:
4223:11th Circuit
4085:
4071:10th Circuit
3788:
3666:
3549:
3471:Suhrheinrich
3357:
3299:Higginbotham
3190:
3090:
3058:
2963:
2896:
2724:
2627:
2604:chief judges
2599:
2547:
2535:
2505:
2478:
2450:
2393:
2369:. Retrieved
2360:
2348:. Retrieved
2344:
2335:
2318:
2300:
2282:
2270:. Retrieved
2266:
2257:
2245:. Retrieved
2241:
2232:
2217:
2200:
2185:
2173:. Retrieved
2161:
2152:
2135:
2123:. Retrieved
2119:
2110:
2098:. Retrieved
2088:
2076:. Retrieved
2066:
2054:. Retrieved
2043:
2031:. Retrieved
2018:
2006:. Retrieved
2002:
1992:
1980:. Retrieved
1968:
1958:
1941:
1924:
1907:
1896:, retrieved
1886:
1880:
1863:
1851:. Retrieved
1847:
1818:
1801:
1791:December 31,
1789:. Retrieved
1782:the original
1769:
1757:. Retrieved
1752:
1743:
1726:
1714:. Retrieved
1710:
1701:
1689:. Retrieved
1685:
1675:
1669:. 2018–2019.
1658:
1646:. Retrieved
1642:
1633:
1621:. Retrieved
1617:
1608:
1596:. Retrieved
1592:
1568:. Retrieved
1564:
1554:
1542:. Retrieved
1538:the original
1533:
1523:
1511:. Retrieved
1507:
1497:
1471:
1459:. Retrieved
1455:
1446:
1434:. Retrieved
1430:
1420:
1408:. Retrieved
1398:
1386:. Retrieved
1382:
1329:
1317:. Retrieved
1312:
1303:
1294:
1180:
1145:
1130:
1124:
1114:
1108:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1082:Publications
1075:
1067:
1061:
1045:
1043:
1037:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
996:
991:
974:
968:
962:
956:
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941:
935:
926:
920:
913:
909:
906:historically
905:
898:
879:
873:
864:
860:
853:relief. The
847:
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804:
800:
798:
786:
772:
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749:
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730:
723:
716:
709:
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686:
669:verification
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611:
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592:
585:
582:
576:
559:Richard Burr
547:Barack Obama
544:
532:
501:
489:Bill Clinton
486:
465:
448:
437:
434:Early career
420:Juris Doctor
409:
402:
376:
375:
365:J.A.G. Corps
222:Succeeded by
199:
182:Succeeded by
159:
147:Succeeded by
126:
99:Barack Obama
94:Appointed by
82:
71:
36:
32:Big Jim Wynn
4625:1954 births
3967:O'Scannlain
3774:9th Circuit
3652:8th Circuit
3557:Easterbrook
3535:7th Circuit
3343:6th Circuit
3176:5th Circuit
3111:Quattlebaum
3044:4th Circuit
2882:3rd Circuit
2710:2nd Circuit
2613:1st Circuit
2598:· Names in
2419:Ballotpedia
2406:Appearances
1648:February 7,
1623:February 7,
1481:White House
1026:own Members
551:Albert Diaz
504:Jesse Helms
210:Preceded by
170:Preceded by
137:Preceded by
106:Preceded by
4619:Categories
4549:Cunningham
4381:Srinivasan
3481:Batchelder
3430:Bloomekatz
3405:Nalbandian
3253:Engelhardt
3106:Richardson
2726:Livingston
2645:Montecalvo
2514:1999–2010
2459:1990–1998
2415:James Wynn
2100:January 6,
2078:January 6,
2033:August 27,
2008:August 28,
1982:August 28,
1570:January 9,
1262:References
1072:textualism
867:Roy Cooper
743:March 2023
713:newspapers
399:Background
309:Allegiance
252:1954-03-17
4580:Clevenger
4387:Henderson
4351:J. Carnes
4336:E. Carnes
4321:Edmondson
4255:Rosenbaum
4108:Bacharach
4098:Tymkovich
4002:Silverman
3997:S. Thomas
3982:Kleinfeld
3977:Fernandez
3957:D. Nelson
3952:Schroeder
3926:Johnstone
3911:H. Thomas
3851:R. Nelson
3841:Friedland
3806:Rawlinson
3602:Maldonado
3486:Daughtrey
3380:Kethledge
3319:Barksdale
3233:Higginson
3218:Southwick
3066:Wilkinson
2980:Stapleton
2828:Calabresi
2596:Full list
2548:Incumbent
2473:John Webb
2170:0190-8286
1977:0190-8286
1759:August 4,
1691:August 4,
1682:"Members"
1598:August 4,
1427:"Members"
1022:Article I
665:citations
555:Kay Hagan
508:blue slip
348:1979–2009
271:Education
215:John Webb
200:In office
164:1990–1998
160:In office
131:1999–2010
127:In office
73:Incumbent
4463:Randolph
4458:Sentelle
4453:Ginsburg
4316:Anderson
4260:J. Pryor
4239:W. Pryor
4169:Anderson
4164:Porfilio
4143:Federico
4113:Phillips
4103:Matheson
4052:N. Smith
4017:Fletcher
3826:Christen
3816:M. Smith
3811:Callahan
3704:Erickson
3694:Shepherd
3684:Gruender
3668:Colloton
3638:Hamilton
3516:McKeague
3126:Benjamin
3071:Niemeyer
2924:Restrepo
2909:Hardiman
2898:Chagares
2833:Cabranes
2767:Robinson
2737:Sullivan
2696:Thompson
2671:Campbell
2650:Rikelman
2371:July 30,
2350:July 30,
2272:June 21,
2247:June 21,
2175:July 30,
2125:July 30,
2056:July 30,
2003:Politico
1898:July 30,
1892:archived
1853:July 30,
1716:July 30,
1544:March 4,
1513:July 29,
1485:Archived
1461:July 29,
1436:July 29,
1410:July 29,
1388:July 29,
1319:July 29,
1240:See also
981:Title IX
691:libelous
625:Member,
606:Member,
470:and the
391:and the
4600:Wallach
4529:Taranto
4448:Edwards
4402:Wilkins
4397:Pillard
4392:Millett
4311:Tjoflat
4290:Brasher
4209:O'Brien
4194:Briscoe
4174:Baldock
4159:Seymour
4138:Rossman
4057:Hurwitz
4037:Clifton
4032:Tallman
4012:McKeown
3992:Tashima
3987:Hawkins
3947:Wallace
3931:de Alba
3916:Mendoza
3906:Sanchez
3891:VanDyke
3886:Bumatay
3881:Forrest
3866:Collins
3846:Bennett
3796:Wardlaw
3790:Murguia
3740:Wollman
3572:St. Eve
3567:Scudder
3562:Brennan
3501:Gibbons
3410:Readler
3385:Stranch
3375:Griffin
3329:Clement
3273:Ramirez
3268:Douglas
3238:Willett
3208:Stewart
3192:Richman
3152:Traxler
3121:Heytens
3116:Rushing
3096:Thacker
3081:Gregory
3020:Fuentes
3010:Rendell
2995:Nygaard
2985:Scirica
2949:Freeman
2914:Shwartz
2782:Merriam
2757:Menashi
2752:Nardini
2635:Kayatta
2501:Himself
2464:Himself
2392:at the
2263:"Forum"
1565:Reuters
1295:fjc.gov
914:enabled
855:en banc
777:in the
727:scholar
383:of the
356:Captain
186:Himself
141:Himself
4590:Bryson
4585:Schall
4575:Plager
4563:Senior
4539:Hughes
4509:Lourie
4504:Newman
4490:Active
4468:Rogers
4441:Senior
4432:Garcia
4422:Childs
4417:Walker
4407:Katsas
4373:Active
4346:Marcus
4326:Dubina
4304:Senior
4270:Branch
4265:Newsom
4250:Jordan
4245:Wilson
4231:Active
4204:Murphy
4199:Lucero
4179:Brorby
4152:Senior
4133:Carson
4123:Moritz
4118:McHugh
4087:Holmes
4079:Active
4027:Berzon
4007:Graber
3940:Senior
3856:Miller
3831:Nguyen
3782:Active
3760:Melloy
3755:Arnold
3750:Hansen
3735:Bowman
3728:Senior
3689:Benton
3660:Active
3633:Rovner
3628:Ripple
3611:Senior
3577:Kirsch
3543:Active
3506:Rogers
3496:Gilman
3466:Norris
3444:Senior
3425:Mathis
3415:Murphy
3400:Larsen
3390:Thapar
3359:Sutton
3351:Active
3324:Dennis
3314:Wiener
3282:Senior
3263:Wilson
3258:Oldham
3248:Duncan
3228:Graves
3223:Haynes
3184:Active
3157:Keenan
3140:Senior
3131:Berner
3101:Harris
3052:Active
3030:Fisher
2973:Senior
2944:Phipps
2934:Porter
2919:Krause
2904:Jordan
2890:Active
2868:Carney
2853:Wesley
2843:Parker
2818:Jacobs
2813:Walker
2808:Kearse
2803:Newman
2796:Senior
2777:Nathan
2742:Bianco
2732:Lohier
2718:Active
2691:Howard
2664:Senior
2655:Aframe
2629:Barron
2621:Active
2410:C-SPAN
2168:
1975:
1166:, and
851:habeas
729:
722:
715:
708:
700:
336:
318:
265:, U.S.
4570:Mayer
4554:Stark
4544:Stoll
4524:Reyna
4519:Prost
4498:Moore
4331:Black
4295:Abudu
4285:Lagoa
4275:Grant
4189:Kelly
4093:Hartz
4042:Bybee
3972:Trott
3962:Canby
3921:Desai
3876:Bress
3836:Owens
3821:Ikuta
3801:Gould
3719:Kobes
3714:Stras
3709:Grasz
3699:Kelly
3679:Smith
3674:Loken
3623:Flaum
3618:Bauer
3597:Kolar
3592:Pryor
3551:Sykes
3521:White
3476:Siler
3461:Boggs
3420:Davis
3365:Moore
3304:Davis
3294:Jolly
3213:Elrod
3203:Smith
3198:Jones
3162:Floyd
3025:Smith
3015:Ambro
3005:McKee
2990:Cowen
2959:Chung
2939:Matey
2929:Bibas
2858:Lynch
2848:Raggi
2823:Leval
2772:PĂ©rez
2686:Lipez
2681:Lynch
2676:Selya
2640:GelpĂ
2486:1998
2327:(PDF)
2310:(PDF)
2292:(PDF)
2209:(PDF)
2144:(PDF)
2052:. CNN
2027:(PDF)
1950:(PDF)
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1872:(PDF)
1827:(PDF)
1810:(PDF)
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1735:(PDF)
1667:(PDF)
1361:(PDF)
1076:Rucho
734:JSTOR
720:books
86:
4595:Linn
4534:Chen
4341:Hull
4280:Luck
4184:Ebel
4022:Paez
3901:Sung
3861:Bade
3745:Beam
3511:Cook
3491:Cole
3456:Ryan
3435:Ritz
3395:Bush
3370:Clay
3309:Duhé
3289:King
3147:Motz
3091:Wynn
3086:Agee
3076:King
3060:Diaz
3000:Roth
2863:Chin
2838:Sack
2787:Kahn
2747:Park
2600:bold
2373:2021
2352:2021
2274:2022
2249:2022
2177:2021
2166:ISSN
2127:2021
2102:2022
2080:2022
2058:2021
2035:2020
2010:2020
1984:2020
1973:ISSN
1900:2021
1855:2021
1793:2018
1761:2021
1718:2021
1693:2021
1650:2023
1625:2023
1600:2021
1572:2024
1546:2017
1515:2021
1463:2021
1438:2021
1412:2021
1390:2021
1321:2021
1174:and
1146:The
706:news
667:for
361:Unit
353:Rank
242:Born
4514:Dyk
4427:Pan
4412:Rao
4128:Eid
4047:Bea
3896:Koh
3871:Lee
3587:Lee
3451:Guy
2762:Lee
2417:at
2408:on
1030:non
892:'s
297:LLM
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