215:
409:, likely first cousins based on historical accounts. DNA test results showed that a descendant of Martha Healy was the 4th to 8th cousin of three of Crafts' descendants. In 1848, Craft escaped slavery in Macon, Georgia, not far from the Healys' birthplace, disguising herself as a white man traveling with her enslaved attendant, her actual husband. According to Greene's article, S.T. Pickard, the editor of the Portland Transcript stated in 1893 that Ellen Craft told him that she was the first cousin of Bishop Healy. The 2024 DNA results suggest this 131-year old claim was true.
657:. Healy suspected that Ponsardin had been stealing money that the diocese gave to build a new church. After four years of construction, the building only had a basement and unfinished exterior walls. Healy refused to give Ponsardin any more money and suspended him from ministry in October 1877.Ponsardin then appealed the suspension to Rome, which created gossip among Vatican officials. Healy finally agreed to pay Ponsardin's debts on the condition that he leave the diocese. The Ponsardin matter caused such embarrassment for Healy that he submitted his resignation to
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646:. At the beginning of his tenure in 1875, the diocese contained 52 priests and 58 churches to serve a Catholic population of 80,000. By the time of his death in 1900, there were 92 priests, 86 churches, and 96,400 Catholics. The growth of his diocese was extensive enough that he supervised the founding of the
559:
Healy returned to Boston in August 1854. Knowing there were rumors about his heritage in Boston, he expressed his apprehension about serving there to a confidante: "The mercy of God has placed a poor outcast on a throne of glory that ill becomes him. If I could have been as safe elsewhere as here, I
504:
James Healy entered Holy Cross in August 1844 and would later recount in his diary, "Today, 5 years ago I entered this college. What a change. Then I was nothing, now I am a
Catholic." He and his brothers Hugh, Patrick, and Sherwood were baptized at Holy Cross in November 1844, alongside the sons of
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for White and they did not publicize their Black heritage. James and his siblings were recorded as White in official documents, such as census records and death certificates. In later years, James discouraged biographies and variously described his mother as the daughter of an aristocratic
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named Healy as pastor of St. James Parish, the largest
Catholic congregation in Boston. In that position, he helped found the House of the Good Shepherd for homeless girls and successfully lobbied against legislation in the
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in exceptional circumstances. Before their deaths a few months apart in 1850, Michael and Eliza Healy had planned to relocate with their youngest children to a northern state that prohibited slavery.
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principle in slave law, children inherited the legal status of their mothers; therefore, the Healy children were born into slavery. Michael was unable to directly free his wife and children as
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Some three decades after the last of the Healy children died, Jesuit sociologist Albert S. Foley published a book in 1954 that detailed their biracial background.
990:"Two daring slave escapes, two descendant families and a DNA mystery:The Crafts and Healys fled slavery. Their descendants just met. Are they actually cousins?"
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and at the House of the Angel
Guardian for homeless boys. This was followed by appointments as personal secretary to Bishop Fitzpatrick (December 1854) and
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705:, slave nor freeman, but Christ is all and in all." Healy celebrated his silver jubilee as a bishop in June 1900 and was given the honorary title of
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The
Archdiocese of Boston, Office for Black Catholics, has designated the Bishop James Augustine Healy Award to honor dedicated black parishioners.
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Healy's papers are held by the
College of the Holy Cross, the archives of the Archdiocese of Boston and the archives of the Diocese of Portland.
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enslaved woman named Mary Eliza (c. 1813–1850), whom
Michael had purchased for $ 3,700 along with her family. He took Mary Eliza as his
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to tax
Catholic churches. As both rector of the cathedral and pastor of St. James, Healy was succeeded by his brother Sherwood.
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in
Portland, Maine. As such, he was the first Black Catholic bishop in the United States. It would be 90 years before Bishop
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556:, who was born in 1854, would become the first Catholic priest "publicly known to be black" when he was ordained in 1886.
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in
Montreal, Quebec. After three years in Canada, he went to France in 1852 to complete his theological studies at the
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Early into his tenure as bishop, Healy became involved in a controversy with one of his priests, Jean
Ponsardin of
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who became a wealthy cotton planter after settling in Georgia. Healy owned more than 1,500 acres of land near the
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of the diocese (June 1855), which gave him a significant role in diocesan affairs. Healy also served as rector of
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writer Bryan Greene established through DNA evidence that the Healy siblings were blood relatives of abolitionist
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807:"Passing free: Black in the South, Irish in the North, the Healys Slipped the Bonds of Race in Civil War America"
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In his will, Michael Healy referred to his wife as "my trusty woman, Eliza, mother of my...children." Due to the
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should have desired never to show my face in Boston." He was appointed an assistant at St. John's Parish in the
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mentioned that James' brother Sherwood Healy "has African blood and it shews distinctly in his exterior."
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At the time of Healy's appointment, the Diocese of Portland encompassed the entire states of Maine and
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enslaved woman. He was later freed, educated overseas, and ordained a priest in 1854. He served as
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any Catholic who joined its ranks. However, Healy withdrew his prohibition after Leo XIII issued
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623:. He received his episcopal consecration on June 2, 1875, from Archbishop Williams, with Bishop
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1146:"Augustine Tolton, Ex-Slave and First Black Catholic Priest in U.S., Takes Step to Sainthood"
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Bishop Healy: Beloved Outcaste: The Story of a Great Priest Whose Life has Become a Legend
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to serve as a Catholic priest or bishop. With his predominantly European ancestry, Healy
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552:. Healy thus became the first African American to join the Catholic priesthood; however,
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African-American Heroes & Heroines: 150 True Stories of African-American Heroism
509:. James spent his school vacations with the families of local priests in Boston and
457:. In 1837, at age seven, Michael Healy took James to New York and enrolled him at a
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to care for children who had been left fatherless or totally orphaned by the war.
288:, on April 6, 1830. His father, Michael Morris Healy (1796–1850), was a native of
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God's Men of Color: The Colored Catholic Priests of the United States, 1854-1954
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1376:(New York: Strauss and Young, 1954, available online; reprint Arno Press, 1969)
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Commission for the Catholic Missions among the Colored People and the Indians
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James Healy died in Portland on August 5, 1900, at age 70. He is buried at
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became the first publicly recognized individual to hold that distinction.
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Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience
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701:, saying, "We are of that Church where there is neither...barbarian nor
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and the first African American to command a ship of the U.S. government
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Henry Louis Gates, Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, "James Augustine Healy"
1186:"Bishop Harold R. Perry, 74, Dies; First Black Prelate in the Century"
1172:
Life Upon These Shores: Looking at African American History, 1513-2008
226:(April 6, 1830 – August 5, 1900) was an American prelate of the
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Following his graduation from Holy Cross, Healy decided to enter the
434:. However, their mixed race was known to some; writing to Archbishop
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Healy was one of the Catholic Church's most vocal opponents of the
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On February 12, 1875, Healy was appointed the second bishop of the
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from November to December 1884, and was appointed to serve on the
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Alexander Sherwood Healy (1836–1875), a priest and rector of the
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Due to their largely European ancestry, the Healy children were
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James was the eldest of their ten children. His siblings were:
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and was the only Catholic bishop in America who threatened to
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As enslaved people under Georgia law, the Healy children were
1385:(New York: Strauss and Young, 1955), available at Googlebooks
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469:. James continued his education at another Quaker school in
1336:, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed February 8, 2011
937:"Passing: Race, Religion, and the Healy Family, 1820-1920"
884:"James Augustine Healy: From slave to scholar to shepherd"
697:. However, he consistently refused the invitations of the
668:, a national labor union. He viewed the organization as a
1789:
19th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States
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when it was split from the Diocese of Portland in 1885.
477:, where he excelled in mathematics and apprenticed to a
1244:"BISHOP HEALY WRITES TO ARCHBISHOP WILLIAMS FROM ROME"
517:
of the first graduating class at Holy Cross in 1849.
1303:"'In Harness': Bishop Healy Dies as He Wished to Do"
481:. After Michael Healy became acquainted with Bishop
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Amanda Josephine Healy (1845–1879), a member of the
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Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society
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682:in 1891 and endorsed the right of workers to form
1647:St. Cyril and St. Methodius Church, Lisbon Falls
1809:American Roman Catholic clergy of Irish descent
1223:The Catholic Directory, Almanac and Clergy List
1210:. New York: D.& J. Sadlier & Co. 1875.
1207:Sadliers' Catholic Directory, Almanac and Ordo
1433:
725:honoring his Irish heritage marks his grave.
465:, New York City that was associated with the
8:
1311:. Portland, Maine. August 6, 1900. p. 7
1119:
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1578:Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul, Lewiston
1226:. Milwaukee: M. H. Wiltzlus & Co. 1900.
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754:in Lewiston, Maine, was named in his honor.
743:donated a bronze plaque to be dedicated in
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1102:"Children of Irish Father, Mulatto Mother"
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16:American Roman Catholic bishop (1830–1900)
1819:Seminary of Saint-Sulpice (France) alumni
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1388:Mazzocchi, J. "Healy, James Augustine",
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971:"Window on the Past: The Georgia Healys"
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356:Eugene Healy (1842), who died in infancy
325:(1834–1910), the first African American
238:for a white man and identified as such.
1849:African-American Roman Catholic bishops
1711:Catherine McAuley High School, Portland
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1568:Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception
633:Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception
370:Congregation of Notre Dame of Montreal
1266:Oxford University Press, 1981, p. 188
7:
593:Home for Destitute Catholic Children
540:Healy was ordained a priest for the
361:Religious Hospitallers of St. Joseph
1844:Catholics from Georgia (U.S. state)
1281:. Frederick Fell Publishers. 1998.
1242:Hurst, Violet (November 19, 2021).
1068:"Patrick Healy Builds a University"
661:in 1878, but the pope rejected it.
631:serving as co-consecrators, at the
261:from 1875 until his death in 1900.
1804:Roman Catholic bishops of Portland
1607:St. Denis Church, North Whitefield
1450:Roman Catholic Diocese of Portland
1390:American National Biography Online
988:Greene, Bryan (February 1, 2024).
889:Roman Catholic Diocese of Portland
721:in South Portland, Maine, where a
485:of Boston, he sent his son to the
14:
1824:People from Jones County, Georgia
904:"Apps - Access My Library - Gale"
1814:College of the Holy Cross alumni
1761:
1413:. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
1409:Dictionary of National Biography
1170:Gates, Jr., Henry Louis (2011).
689:Healy participated in the third
455:prohibited from attending school
44:
1622:St. Patrick's Church, Newcastle
1392:, Feb. 2000 (subscription only)
775:List of African-American firsts
372:and the first African American
249:, James Healy was the son of a
79:
1706:St. Joseph's School, Biddeford
1691:Cheverus High School, Portland
1662:St. Patrick's Church, Lewiston
1612:St. Joseph's Church, Biddeford
1125:"Bishop James Augustine Healy"
1100:Ebel, John B. (June 3, 1955).
1019:Appiah, Kwame Anthony (2005).
846:Bishop Healy: Beloved Outcaste
709:by Leo XIII on that occasion.
598:In March 1866, the new Bishop
550:Marie-Dominique-Auguste Sibour
349:(1839–1904), a captain in the
121:Marie-Dominique-Auguste Sibour
1:
1696:Saint Dominic Academy, Auburn
1657:St. Joseph's Church, Lewiston
1597:Sacred Heart Church, Portland
1144:Stack, Liam (June 13, 2019).
1073:Georgetown University Library
707:assistant to the papal throne
544:in Paris on June 10, 1854 at
368:(1846–1919), a member of the
1839:Catholics from Massachusetts
1834:Healy family (United States)
1642:St. Mary's Church, Biddeford
1351:Bishop James Augustine Healy
1174:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
1049:The Catholic Church in Maine
691:Plenary Council of Baltimore
343:Martha Ann Healy (1838–1920)
319:Hugh Clark Healy (1832–1853)
1602:St. David Church, Madawaska
1592:Holy Cross Church, Lewiston
1319:– via Newspapers.com.
1046:Lucey, William Leo (1957).
1025:. Oxford University Press.
605:Massachusetts General Court
430:family or having come from
351:U.S. Revenue Cutter Service
338:Cathedral of the Holy Cross
259:Bishop of Portland in Maine
1865:
1617:St. Mary's Church, Augusta
1396:Gordon, Alexander (1901).
935:O'Toole, James M. (1996).
809:. Boston College Magazine.
805:O'Toole, James M. (2003).
273:
84:August 5, 1900 (his death)
1756:
1627:St. John's Church, Bangor
1544:
1052:. Marshall Jones Company.
843:Foley, Albert S. (1969).
699:Colored Catholic Congress
583:, but was opposed to the
487:College of the Holy Cross
241:Born into slavery in the
230:. He was the first known
196:College of the Holy Cross
43:
36:
1829:People from South Boston
1748:Mercy Hospital, Portland
1508:Edward Cornelius O'Leary
1348:Catholic-Hierarchy.org.
849:. New York: Arno Press.
467:Old Quaker Meeting House
440:John Bernard Fitzpatrick
394:Georgia General Assembly
378:Eugene Healy (1849–1914)
280:James Healy was born in
1652:St. Dominic's, Portland
1478:William Henry O'Connell
969:Cavanaugh, Ray (2017).
908:www.accessmylibrary.com
392:required an act of the
385:partus sequitur ventrem
347:Michael Augustine Healy
304:. James's mother was a
253:plantation owner and a
103:William Henry O'Connell
1768:Catholicism portal
1637:St. Andre's, Biddeford
1551:
1493:Joseph Edward McCarthy
1334:African American Lives
1262:James Hennesey, S.J.,
1130:Catholic-Hierarchy.org
975:Irish America Magazine
747:, commemorating Healy.
579:, Healy supported the
531:Saint-Sulpice Seminary
529:and was accepted into
200:Saint-Sulpice Seminary
1550:
1538:Amédée Wilfrid Proulx
1518:Richard Joseph Malone
1483:Louis Sebastian Walsh
1473:James Augustine Healy
1080:on December 15, 2013.
745:Jones County, Georgia
648:Diocese of Manchester
331:Georgetown University
323:Patrick Francis Healy
224:James Augustine Healy
31:James Augustine Healy
1681:St. Joseph's College
1498:Daniel Joseph Feeney
1399:"Healy, James"
1106:The Catholic Advance
1066:Ferraro, William M.
735:In 1975, Archbishop
570:Holy Cross Cathedral
546:Notre-Dame Cathedral
366:Eliza Dunamore Healy
300:as well as 49 to 60
134:John Joseph Williams
1488:John Gregory Murray
1468:David William Bacon
1264:American Catholics,
995:The Washington Post
737:Thomas A. Donnellan
617:Diocese of Portland
585:Radical Republicans
333:in Washington, D.C.
93:David William Bacon
67:Diocese of Portland
1727:Denis Mary Bradley
1552:
1191:The New York Times
1151:The New York Times
611:Bishop of Portland
577:American Civil War
535:Sulpician Seminary
489:, a newly founded
399:In February 2024,
38:Bishop of Portland
26:The Right Reverend
1776:
1775:
1732:Charles M. Murphy
1584:Parish churches (
1528:James T. Ruggieri
1513:Joseph John Gerry
1380:Foley, Albert S.
1371:Foley, Albert S.
1032:978-0-19-517055-9
542:Diocese of Boston
505:Catholic convert
329:and president of
221:
220:
204:Sulpican Seminary
76:February 12, 1875
1856:
1766:
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1677:Higher education
1503:Peter Leo Gerety
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1411:(1st supplement)
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1308:The Boston Globe
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1249:The Boston Pilot
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1194:. July 19, 1991.
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1076:. Archived from
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719:Calvary Cemetery
713:Death and legacy
666:Knights of Labor
655:Biddeford, Maine
629:Patrick O'Reilly
625:Francis McNeirny
507:Orestes Brownson
483:John Fitzpatrick
438:in 1859, Bishop
290:County Roscommon
232:African American
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140:Personal details
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1365:Further reading
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741:Raymond Lessard
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554:Augustus Tolton
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513:. He was named
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415:
413:Racial identity
402:Washington Post
302:enslaved people
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228:Catholic Church
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770:Irish diaspora
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600:John Williams
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572:(1862-1866).
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515:valedictorian
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419:light-skinned
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155:April 6, 1830
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117:June 10, 1854
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19:
1687:High schools
1472:
1407:
1389:
1381:
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1333:
1325:
1313:. Retrieved
1306:
1297:
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1247:
1222:
1216:
1206:
1200:
1189:
1180:
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1149:
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1128:
1105:
1078:the original
1071:
1048:
1041:
1021:
1001:February 29,
999:. Retrieved
993:
983:
974:
944:
940:
911:. Retrieved
907:
898:
887:
845:
765:Healy family
723:Celtic cross
716:
688:
684:labor unions
677:
663:
652:
641:
637:Harold Perry
621:Pope Pius IX
614:
597:
587:' plans for
574:
558:
539:
524:
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452:
444:
416:
400:
398:
383:
381:
314:
282:Jones County
279:
276:Healy family
243:Healy family
240:
223:
222:
176:(1900-08-05)
159:Jones County
130:June 2, 1875
127:Consecration
18:
1799:1900 deaths
1794:1830 births
1404:Lee, Sidney
1358:James Healy
739:and Bishop
627:and Bishop
575:During the
537:in Paris.
436:John Hughes
407:Ellen Craft
390:manumission
89:Predecessor
1783:Categories
1741:Miscellany
1464:Ordinaries
786:References
566:chancellor
527:priesthood
521:Priesthood
493:school in
475:New Jersey
471:Burlington
461:school in
421:enough to
310:common-law
306:mixed-race
274:See also:
255:mixed-race
151:1830-04-06
114:Ordination
81:Term ended
1671:Education
1564:Cathedral
1534:Auxiliary
1315:April 19,
562:North End
511:Cambridge
495:Worcester
449:Education
340:in Boston
265:Biography
210:Signature
192:Education
99:Successor
73:Appointed
1574:Basilica
1558:Churches
953:25081113
947:: 1–34.
913:July 14,
759:See also
703:Scythian
479:surveyor
463:Flushing
428:Virginia
181:Portland
132:by
119:by
1720:Priests
1458:Bishops
1406:(ed.).
1343:Sources
294:Ireland
286:Georgia
247:Georgia
163:Georgia
63:Diocese
1285:
1029:
951:
853:
491:Jesuit
459:Quaker
374:abbess
327:Jesuit
270:Family
236:passed
187:, U.S.
165:, U.S.
109:Orders
53:Church
1402:. In
949:JSTOR
581:Union
251:White
185:Maine
1586:list
1317:2022
1283:ISBN
1027:ISBN
1003:2024
915:2017
851:ISBN
750:The
423:pass
171:Died
145:Born
945:108
619:by
245:of
1785::
1332:,
1305:.
1246:.
1232:^
1188:.
1160:^
1148:.
1127:.
1114:^
1104:.
1086:^
1070:.
1058:^
1011:^
992:.
973:.
961:^
943:.
939:.
923:^
906:.
886:.
865:^
815:^
793:^
686:.
501:.
497:,
473:,
292:,
284:,
183:,
161:,
1588:)
1441:e
1434:t
1427:v
1291:.
1252:.
1154:.
1133:.
1108:.
1035:.
1005:.
977:.
955:.
917:.
892:.
859:.
153:)
149:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
