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necessary and also taking advantage of existing holes in the fabric, Sergeant Ward succeeded in descending three feet to the wing and proceeding another three feet to a position behind the engine, despite the slipstream from the airscrew which nearly blew him off the wing. Lying in this precarious position he smothered the fire in the wing fabric and tried to push the engine cover into the hole in the wing and on the leaking pipe from which the fire came. As soon as he had removed his hand, however, a terrific wind blew the cover out and when he tried again it was lost. Tired as he was, he was able, with the navigator's assistance, to make a successful but perilous journey back into the aircraft. There was now no danger of fire spreading from the petrol pipe as there was no fabric left near it and in due course it burned itself out. When the aircraft was nearly home, some petrol which had collected in the wing blazed up furiously but died down quite suddenly. A safe landing was made despite the damage sustained to the aircraft. The flight home had been made possible by the gallantry of
Sergeant Ward in extinguishing the fire on the wing in circumstances of the greatest difficulty and at the risk of his life.
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gunner was wounded in the foot but delivered a burst of fire sending the enemy fighter down, apparently out of control. Fire then broke out in the
Wellington's near-starboard engine and, fed by petrol from a split pipe, quickly gained an alarming hold and threatened to spread to the entire wing. The crew forced a hole in the fuselage and made strenuous efforts to reduce the fire with extinguishers, and even coffee from their flasks, without success. They were then warned to be ready to abandon the aircraft. As a last resort Sergeant Ward volunteered to make an attempt to smother the fire with an engine cover which happened to be in use as a cushion. At first he proposed discarding his parachute to reduce wind resistance, but was finally persuaded to take it. A rope from the aircraft dingy was tied to him, though this was of little help and might have become a danger had he been blown off the aircraft.
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498:, spent time with him and later recounted an incident when at a dinner, Ward fainted after a fuel from a cigarette lighter was accidentally spilled onto his hand and set alight. Supposedly the event had triggered memories of the flaming wing of his Wellington bomber. A doctor treated the minor burn and gave Ward a note to give to the medical officer at No. 75 Squadron. Bolitho alleged the note stated Ward was not fit to fly but it was never passed on.
379:. A fuel tank in the starboard wing was ruptured, causing a fire around the rear of the starboard engine. After initial attempts to put out the flames using fire extinguishers directed through a hole made in the fuselage failed, Widdowson ordered the crew to bail out. However, Ward proposed that he climb out and try and smother the fire using an engine cover. He crawled out through the
329:, to prepare for the transportation of the Wellingtons back to New Zealand. However, once hostilities commenced, with the permission of the New Zealand government, the fliers were transferred to the Royal Air Force. Shortly afterwards, it was arranged for the RNZAF personnel to form the cadre of 75 Squadron, the first Commonwealth squadron of
487:. The New Zealander was apparently awestruck by the experience and was unable to answer the Prime Minister's questions. Churchill regarded Ward with some compassion. "You must feel very humble and awkward in my presence," he said. "Yes, sir," managed Ward. "Then you can imagine how humble and awkward I feel in yours," said Churchill.
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Ward's body was recovered from the wreckage of his aircraft and buried by the
Germans in a civilian cemetery. Initially reported in the United Kingdom and New Zealand as missing, presumed dead, at one stage Ward was believed to be a prisoner of war in Germany. Confirmation of his death was officially
577:
Ward's VC was presented to his parents by the
Governor General of New Zealand at Government House in Wellington on 16 October 1942. The Ward family loaned Ward's VC and other service medals to the RNZAF for several years until 2006, when they were returned. The medals were subsequently lent to the
537:
had suggested to the New
Zealand government that he be returned to New Zealand. It was appreciated that Ward's profile as a result of the VC award would be useful for propaganda and recruitment purposes. He could also have served as an instructor with one of the home-based RNZAF squadrons. On 15
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On the night of 7 July 1941, Sergeant Ward was second pilot of a
Wellington bomber returning from an attack on Munster. While flying over the Zuider Zee at 13,000 feet his aircraft was attacked from beneath by a German Bf 110, which secured hits with cannon-shell and incendiary bullets. The rear
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With the help of his navigator he then climbed through the narrow astrodome and put on his parachute. The bomber was flying at a reduced speed but the wind pressure must have been sufficient to render the operation one of extreme difficulty. Breaking the fabric to make hand and foot holds where
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Ward soon reached the engine and attempted to smother the flames with a canvas cover. With the fire out, he stuffed the cover into the hole from which fuel from a damaged petrol line had leaked and exacerbated the fire. Ward, now exhausted, made his way back to the astrodome with the navigator,
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carried out on 15 September, his
Wellington encountered a night fighter shortly after releasing its bombs. Set on fire by the attacking night fighter, Ward ordered his crew to bail out and held his aircraft steady enough for two of his crew to do so; they subsequently became
609:, renamed one of its halls in honour of Ward. On 14 May 2011, the community centre at Feltwell, where Ward had flown from while serving with No. 75 Squadron, was dedicated in his honour. It had served as a sergeant's mess hall during the Second World War.
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bombers. He participated in his first few bombing missions as a co-pilot, during the last of which, on 7 July 1941, he earned the VC for his feat in climbing out onto the wing of his
Wellington bomber to extinguish an engine fire caused by a
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Ward described his experience out on the wing of the aircraft, exposed to the slipstream, as "...being in a terrific gale only worse than any gale I've ever known". To recognise Ward's courage, the commander of 75 Squadron,
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on the top of the fuselage, secured by a rope. Making his way down the side and along the wing of the aircraft, he kicked or tore holes in the fuselage's covering fabric with a fire axe to give himself hand-and foot-holes.
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305:. According to Hugh Kimpton, a fellow New Zealander at Lossiemouth, only one place was available at the squadron at the time. Ward was selected as a result of winning a coin toss between Kimpton and him.
423:. Box, a New Zealander, was the tail gunner of Ward's aircraft and had shot down the night fighter. The awards for Widdowson and Box were immediately approved while Ward's VC was announced on 5 August.
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attack. Ward was the first of three New
Zealand airmen to be awarded the VC during the Second World War. He was killed two months later commanding his own Wellington on a bombing mission to Germany.
530:. It was not until the two surviving crew members were released from their prisoner of war camp was it determined that a night fighter was involved in the destruction of Ward's aircraft.
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The
Wellington in which Ward flew on operations on 7 July 1941. Shown are the holes Ward made to help him climb across the wing in order to put out a fire caused by a night fighter attack
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No. 75 Squadron was an RAF unit formed around a core of RNZAF flying personnel present in England prior to the outbreak of the Second World War to take delivery of 30
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Sergeant Joe Lawton of the RNZAF, keeping tension on the rope tethered to Ward and assisting him back into the aircraft. Although the cover shortly blew away by the
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264:. He was rated as a pilot of high average ability and of confident and reliable character. During his period of flight training, one of his classmates was
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171:(VC), the highest award for gallantry "in the face of the enemy" that could be awarded at the time to personnel of the British and
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On returning to his squadron, Ward was given command of his own crew and aircraft. He flew his first mission as commander to
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509:, standing at centre, gives a speech at a dinner held for Ward shortly after he was awarded the VC. Ward sits on Kay's right
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Ward's VC was the first of three made to New Zealand airmen during the war; the others awarded were to Squadron Leader
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411:(VC). Instituted in 1856, the VC was the highest gallantry award that could be bestowed on military personnel of the
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in Norfolk, and operating Wellington bombers. His first operational flight was made on 14 June, as a second pilot to
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223:. Having qualified in 1939, he had just accepted a teaching position at Castlecliff School in Wanganui when the
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Sergeant James Allen Ward standing in the cockpit of his Vickers Wellington at Feltwell, Norfolk, July 1941
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Despite being quick to enlist in the RNZAF, Ward was not called up until 1 July 1940, when he reported to
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and after completing flight training in New Zealand, travelled to England. In mid-1941, he was posted to
1280:"Sergeant Ward broadcasting to New Zealand troops in the Middle East from the BBC, London (1941 photo)"
1272:"Sergeant Ward broadcasting to New Zealand troops in the Middle East from the BBC, London (1941 photo)"
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396:. The Wellington ran into a hedge and fence at the end of the runway and was written off.
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605:. In November 2004, the Wellington College of Education, in preparation for merging with
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Widdowson and Ward flew their sixth and last mission together on 7 July during a raid on
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shortly thereafter. At the end of the month he departed for England aboard the troopship
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In the Face of the Enemy: The Complete History of the Victoria Cross and New Zealand
1049:. Victoria University of Wellington Public Affairs. 16 November 2004. Archived from
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167:(14 June 1919 – 15 September 1941) was a New Zealand aviator and a recipient of the
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in Ward's hometown of Wanganui. There is also a plaque honouring him in
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1208:. Auckland, New Zealand: Oxford University Press. pp. 558–561.
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of the RNZAF, approved the proposal to return him to New Zealand.
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There are a number of memorials to Ward, one being a painting by
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Ward qualified as a pilot on 18 January 1941 and was promoted to
1077:"RAF Feltwell Community Activity Center Renamed After WWII Hero"
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1231:
Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–45
268:, who went on to become a notable bomber pilot during the war.
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1233:. Vol. I. Wellington, New Zealand: War History Branch.
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1001:
The Comprehensive Guide to the Victoria & George Cross
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New Zealand World War II recipients of the Victoria Cross
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soon after the announcement of his VC, by Prime Minister
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Forever Strong: The Story of 75 Squadron RNZAF 1916–1990
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Reuben Widdowson, a Canadian, on a bombing mission to
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New Zealand military personnel killed in World War II
1206:
The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Military History
1127:. Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown and Company.
1241:– via New Zealand Electronic Text Collection.
1183:
Night after Night: New Zealanders in Bomber Command
517:without incident. On his second mission, a raid on
490:Ward had a period of leave after receiving his VC.
285:(RAF). On arrival, he was selected for training on
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372:coast, Ward's Wellington was attacked by a German
85:Commonwealth War Grave Cemetery Ohlsdorf, Hamburg
1044:"Buildings Named in Honour of Former Principals"
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426:The citation for Ward's VC was published in the
227:broke out. Ward immediately volunteered for the
1108:A Penguin in the Eyrie: An RAF Diary, 1939–1945
904:. Vol. 78, no. 24107. 28 October 1941
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219:and after graduation, trained as a teacher in
1200:O'Shea, Phillip (2000). "Victoria Cross". In
1022:"Memorial to Sergeant James Allen Ward, V.C."
211:James Allen Ward was born on 14 June 1919 in
8:
591:Memorial to Sergeant James Allen Ward, V.C.
248:for initial training. He then proceeded to
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186:began. He immediately volunteered for the
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20:
1337:People educated at Whanganui City College
1144:. Auckland, New Zealand: Random Century.
538:September 1941, the day of Ward's death,
415:. Kay also recommended Widdowson for the
1185:. Auckland, New Zealand: HarperCollins.
1166:. Auckland, New Zealand: HarperCollins.
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593:and depicting Ward's feat, hangs at the
559:Commonwealth War Grave Cemetery Ohlsdorf
1226:New Zealanders with the Royal Air Force
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321:. These personnel had set up a unit at
256:, followed by more advanced courses at
250:No. 1 Elementary Flying Training School
1327:New Zealand World War II bomber pilots
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533:Unbeknown to Ward, an official at the
1312:Royal New Zealand Air Force personnel
7:
952:. Commonwealth War Graves Commission
924:"Sgt. Ward, V.C., Buried in Hamburg"
297:. Upon completion of his courses at
1125:The Little, Brown Book of Anecdotes
630:"Cenotaph Record: James Allen Ward"
291:20 Bomber Operational Training Unit
14:
1332:Military personnel from Whanganui
496:Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve
1342:Burials at the Ohlsdorf Cemetery
568:Ward's grave in Hamburg, Germany
364:. While returning home over the
301:in mid-1941, Ward was posted to
1322:New Zealand World War II pilots
553:reported in August 1942 by the
419:and Sergeant Allan Box for the
281:, to commence service with the
16:Recipient of the Victoria Cross
802:. 5 August 1941. p. 4515.
182:, Ward was a teacher when the
1:
505:No. 75 Squadron's commander,
1162:; Richardson, Colin (2007).
837:Harper & Richardson 2007
825:Harper & Richardson 2007
813:Harper & Richardson 2007
678:Harper & Richardson 2007
580:Auckland War Memorial Museum
309:Service with No. 75 Squadron
229:Royal New Zealand Air Force
188:Royal New Zealand Air Force
105:Royal New Zealand Air Force
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1081:Royal Air Force Lakenheath
977:. No. 16 October 1942
451:, No. 35238, 5 August 1941
421:Distinguished Flying Medal
417:Distinguished Flying Cross
407:, recommended him for the
217:Wanganui Technical College
1282:. National Library. 1941.
1274:. National Library. 1941.
1123:Fadiman, Clifton (1985).
1083:. United States Air Force
573:Victoria Cross and legacy
494:, a New Zealander in the
317:bombers purchased by the
30:
1223:Thompson, H. L. (1953).
1106:Bolitho, Hector (1955).
1266:Pathe News film of Ward
1140:Franks, Norman (1991).
555:International Red Cross
479:, Ward was summoned to
1110:. London: Hutchinson.
972:"Parents Receive V.C."
902:The New Zealand Herald
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460:, a bomber pilot, and
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319:New Zealand government
1181:Lambert, Max (2007).
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111:Years of service
1261:UK National Archives
1075:Saffell, Steven N.
950:"Ward, James Allen"
839:, pp. 296–297.
827:, pp. 291–293.
783:, pp. 558–559.
771:, pp. 122–124.
756:, pp. 197–198.
695:, pp. 124–125.
680:, pp. 283–287.
607:Victoria University
1259:exhibition at the
1253:Sergeant J.A. Ward
898:"V.C. May Be Safe"
799:The London Gazette
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547:Chief of Air Staff
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449:The London Gazette
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315:Vickers Wellington
196:Vickers Wellington
1192:978-1-86950-644-5
1173:978-1-86950-650-6
997:"James A Ward VC"
975:Northern Advocate
928:Northern Advocate
863:, pp. 79–81.
739:, pp. 41–43.
722:, pp. 32–34.
636:. Auckland Museum
485:Winston Churchill
481:10 Downing Street
194:, which operated
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66:15 September 1941
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930:. 27 August 1942
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471:. According to
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1160:Harper, Glyn
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1085:. Retrieved
1080:
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1058:. Retrieved
1051:the original
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1016:
1004:. Retrieved
1000:
991:
979:. Retrieved
974:
966:
954:. Retrieved
944:
932:. Retrieved
927:
918:
906:. Retrieved
901:
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885:Lambert 2007
880:
873:Lambert 2007
868:
861:Bolitho 1955
856:
849:Fadiman 1985
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820:
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788:
776:
769:Lambert 2007
705:Lambert 2007
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693:Lambert 2007
638:. Retrieved
633:
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561:in Hamburg.
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535:Air Ministry
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262:Christchurch
254:RNZAF Taieri
243:
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173:Commonwealth
160:
159:
139:Battles/wars
68:(1941-09-15)
53:14 June 1919
18:
1302:1941 deaths
1297:1919 births
1006:16 February
794:"No. 35238"
781:O'Shea 2000
737:Franks 1991
589:, entitled
465:Lloyd Trigg
94:New Zealand
1291:Categories
1100:References
432:and read:
390:slipstream
366:Zuider Zee
343:Düsseldorf
323:RAF Marham
221:Wellington
207:Early life
91:Allegiance
49:1919-06-14
1239:270919916
1087:3 January
1060:5 January
1028:3 January
981:5 January
956:3 January
934:5 January
908:3 January
640:3 January
507:Cyrus Kay
477:anecdotes
405:Cyrus Kay
394:Newmarket
381:astrodome
231:(RNZAF).
114:1940–1941
76:, Germany
1133:12738295
1116:60101742
446:—
335:Feltwell
295:Scotland
293:RAF, in
273:sergeant
240:Training
213:Wanganui
180:Wanganui
178:Born in
175:forces.
99:Service/
56:Wanganui
1204:(ed.).
603:Dunedin
519:Hamburg
368:on the
362:Münster
347:Germany
327:Norfolk
278:Aorangi
74:Hamburg
1237:
1212:
1189:
1170:
1148:
1131:
1114:
545:, the
374:Bf 110
149:Awards
101:branch
81:Buried
1054:(PDF)
1047:(PDF)
613:Notes
515:Brest
370:Dutch
325:, in
246:Levin
72:over
1235:OCLC
1210:ISBN
1187:ISBN
1168:ISBN
1146:ISBN
1129:OCLC
1112:OCLC
1089:2020
1062:2020
1030:2020
1008:2020
983:2020
958:2020
936:2020
910:2020
642:2020
528:flak
129:Unit
119:Rank
63:Died
43:Born
1255:in
601:in
345:in
260:in
252:at
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47:(
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