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skeleton is a crown denoting righteousness. Below this is a carved skull and cross bones, while the side panels have carvings of surgical instruments. The Latin inscription that was placed on the monument is no longer legible, but Robert
Monteith was able to record it. The inscription translates as: 'To the memory of his father, James Borthwick of Stow, lawful son of the Cruixtoun family, most famous Chirurgeon Apothecary, Mr James Borthwick his eldest son in a mournful mind placed this monument.'
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for the act of the Town
Council which, in 1657, brought the Surgeon- Apothecary into being in Edinburgh. Up until then the surgeons and apothecaries had different areas of practice, the surgeons being responsible for treating tumours, wounds, ulcers and fractures while the apothecaries were involved
146:. The College minutes of 7 December 1646 record that he was admitted 'through ye decrease of certain masters in ye common visitation.' It seems likely that his admission was arranged specifically so that he could teach anatomy to the surgical apprentices, the first member to have this responsibility.
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in
Edinburgh, where his grave is marked by an imposing mural monument, erected by his son. This is almost four metres high and two metres wide and features in its centre a full size dancing skeleton carrying a scythe representing the King of Terrors, armed with the scythe of Father Time. Below the
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and was admitted to the
Incorporation of Surgeons in 1645 without first having served a surgical apprenticeship, an unusual event at that time. It is likely this exception was granted because the membership of the Incorporation had been reduced by
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from 1648 to 1651 and again from 1659 to 1661. He was a member of the
Scottish Parliament representing Edinburgh. His portrait in the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh is the oldest in the College.
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Borthwick's duties included performing anatomical dissections for the instruction of apprentices. His admission and appointment as anatomy teacher appear to have been facilitated by
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of the
Incorporation on two occasions and a member of the Scottish Parliament. Borthwick was largely responsible for the formal creation of the surgeon-apothecary in Edinburgh.
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in dispensing medicines. After the 1657 Act it became possible to combine these skills as a surgeon-apothecary. This was ratified by Act of the
Scottish Parliament in 1670.
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into the
Incorporation, an addition to the surgeons repertoire which reduced the decline in the fortunes of the Incorporation by making a surgical career more attractive.
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with whom he had served as a surgeon with the army overseas and who was Deacon of the
Incorporation at the time of Borthwick’s appointment.
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In 1647 he rented rooms in
Dickson's Close, Edinburgh, which provided the first regular meeting place for the surgeons.
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Addition lands and property around Stow we gifted to him in 1670, an event ratified by the Scottish Parliament.
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Brown, James, The Epitaphs and Monumental Inscriptions in Greyfriars (1867) Edinburgh, J.Moodie Millar
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http://www.rps.ac.uk/search.php?action=print&id=39008&filename=charlesii_trans&type=trans
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This was the first time that the Incorporation had designated a specific teacher of anatomy.
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of Pilmuir, the first of the Edinburgh surgeons known to have studied medicine at
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Mural monument at the grave of James Borthwick, Greyfriars Churchyard, Edinburgh.
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Canmore SC560159. Detail of main panel of tomb to James Borthwick dated 1676
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363:. Ratification in favour of James Borthwick of Stow St Andrews, 2007-2017.
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Borthwick, having served time as an apothecary, introduced the teaching of
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Golledge, Charlotte. Greyfriars Graveyard (2018) Amberley Publishers.
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The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. Edinburgh 2005 p.28
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Formalising the status of surgeon-apothecaries in Edinburgh
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Early life and admission to the Incorporation of Surgeons
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Presidents of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
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south of Edinburgh. He served his apprenticeship as an
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Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
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361:The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707
119:Incorporation of Surgeons and Barbers of Edinburgh
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348:The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
335:The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
309:The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
298:. Oliver & Boyd. Edinburgh, 1926 p.113
296:The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
257:The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
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350:. Oliver & Boyd. Edinburgh, 1926 p.94
337:. Oliver & Boyd. Edinburgh, 1926 p.36
324:East Lothian,Tuckwell Press, 1995. p. 189
311:. Oliver & Boyd. Edinburgh, 1926 p.36
259:. Oliver & Boyd. Edinburgh, 1926 p.34
221:Borthwick died in 1676 and is buried in
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133:James Borthwick inherited the estate of
272:East Lothian,Tuckwell Press, 1995. p.72
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55:Portrait of James Borthwick in c. 1660
443:17th-century Scottish medical doctors
322:Physicians, Surgeons and Apothecaries
283:Physicians, Surgeons and Apothecaries
270:Physicians, Surgeons and Apothecaries
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109:(1615 – 1675) was a Scottish
171:He was responsible, jointly, with
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285:East Lothian,Tuckwell Press, 1995
242:Macintyre, IMC. and MacLaren IF.
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113:who was the first teacher of
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199:Deacon of the Incorporation
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182:His apprentices included
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18:James Borthwick (surgeon)
30:Not to be confused with
359:Brown, KM. et al.(eds)
107:James Borthwick of Stow
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413:17th-century surgeons
223:Greyfriars Churchyard
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197:James Borthwick was
156:Alexander Pennycuik
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123:Deacon (President)
418:Scottish surgeons
184:William Borthwick
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438:1615 births
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81:Nationality
407:Categories
230:References
139:apothecary
89:Occupation
121:. He was
75:Edinburgh
166:pharmacy
84:Scottish
117:in the
115:anatomy
111:surgeon
92:Surgeon
192:Leiden
144:plague
188:Padua
190:and
135:Stow
69:Died
64:1615
61:Born
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