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810:(1788–1838) and Mary Boykin (1804–85), she was well-educated and intelligent and took part in her husband's career. The Chesnuts' marriage was at times stormy due to difference in temperament (she was hot-tempered and passionate and came occasionally to regard her husband as cool and reserved). Their companionship was mostly warm and affectionate but they had no children. The couple resided at
667:
644:, opposed slavery. After the results of the election were known, Chesnut decided that he could no longer stay in his office in the Senate. Shortly after Lincoln's election, he was the first Southern senator to withdraw from the Senate. He submitted a one-sentence note, stating his resignation, which was read before the South Caroline Senate on November 10, 1860. (He was
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Although James
Chesnut Jr. was the only son, his father had given him little of his extensive property. Because his father lived to the age of 90 and gave his son but a small allowance, the son James had to live mainly on his law practice. The Chesnut fortune declined in the course of the war and
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that slaveholders had "a real substantial objection" to impressment, in the form of their properties' human needs being neglected, and promised to appoint "an officer of character... to watch over and protect the negroes." However, the
Charleston Daily Courier later described the state appointed
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In 1862 Chesnut served on South
Carolina's Executive Council. He introduced the motion on January 9 to create administrative departments, of which he became Chief of the Department of the Military of South Carolina. In this position, Chesnut's authority over military affairs superseded that of
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654:
Chesnut participated in the South
Carolina secession convention in December 1860 and was subsequently elected to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States. He was a member of the committee which drafted the Confederate States Constitution.
862:
James
Chesnut was "regarded as an amiable, modest gentleman of decent parts ", who performed his duties with ability and dignity both in political and military life. He died at home in Camden in 1885; interment was in Chesnut Family Cemetery,
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declined to surrender, Chesnut gave orders to the nearby Fort
Johnson to open fire on Fort Sumter. In consequence the first shots of the Civil War were fired, on April 12, 1861. In the summer of 1861 Chesnut also took part in the
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As Mary
Chesnut described in depth in her diary, the Chesnuts had a wide circle of friends and acquaintances in the society of the South and the Confederacy. Among their friends were, for example, Confederate general
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806:(1823–86), on April 23, 1840. She later became well known for her book on life during the Civil War, published as a diary but revised extensively from 1881 to 1886. The daughter of U.S. Senator
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Believing that the United States would not resist southern secession, Chesnut famously boasted that he would drink all of the blood which would be spilled in the subsequent Civil War.
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744:. On July 28, 1862, the council approved Chesnut's proposal to implement state-wide impressment which would provide the military with three thousand hands per month for four months.
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as most of the South
Carolinian politicians. Moderate in his political views, he believed in extending protections for slavery's westward expansion while remaining within the
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James
Chesnut Jr., was born the youngest of fourteen children and the only (surviving) son of James Chesnut Sr. (1773–1866) and his wife, Mary Cox (1775–1864) on
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in the South, who owned 448 slaves and many large plantations totaling nearly five square miles before the outbreak of the Civil War. Chesnut Jr. graduated from the
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461:. But on Lincoln's election in 1860, Chesnut resigned from the U.S. Senate and took part in the South Carolina secession convention, later helping to draft the
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thus, after his father died in 1866, Chesnut inherited little more than the extensive debts that encumbered the
Mulberry and Sandy Hill plantations.
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and given command of South Carolina reserve forces until the end of the war. He was third in command of the confederate forces at the
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446:(January 18, 1815 – February 1, 1885) was an American lawyer and politician, and a Confederate functionary.
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and his wife Charlotte. The Chesnuts were intimate family friends of President Jefferson Davis and his wife
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for South Carolina's war effort. Between March and July, Chesnut authorized the use of impressed slaves for
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overseers as even more "raw... unaccustomed" than usual, and "not seem to care" for slaves' basic needs.
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The Transformation of a Confederate State: War and Politics on the South Carolina Home Front, 1861-1862
978:"SENTIMENT IN SOUTH CAROLINA.; PROCEEDINGS OF THE LEGISLATURE ON THE QUESTION OF CALLING A CONVENTION"
889:(1858–1931), born on the Chestnut plantation, one of the first black men to win an appointment to the
718:. On March 5, 1862, he issued a call for recruitment which warned that South Carolina would institute
570:
in 1837, Chesnut Jr. commenced practice that year in Camden. He was later elected as a member of the
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The Man Who Started the Civil War: James Chestnut, Honor, and Emotion in the American South
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The Man Who Started the American Civil War: Southern Honor, Emotion, and James Chesnut, Jr
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The Man Who Started the Civil War: James Chesnut, Honor, and Emotion in the American South
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The Counterrevolution of Slavery: Politics and Ideology in Antebellum South Carolina
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The Masters of the Big House: Elite Slaveholders of the Mid-Nineteenth-Century South
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and promoted to Brigadier-General. Chesnut returned to law practice after the war.
578:(1852–58, serving as its president 1856–58). He was a delegate to the
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Secret And Sacred: The Diaries of James Henry Hammond, a Southern Slaveholder
786:. After the war, he returned to the practice of law in Camden and formed the
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Deputies and delegates to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States
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1896:
960:"The senators who were expelled after refusing to accept Lincoln's election"
763:
Later in the war he served the Confederate Army as a colonel and an aide to
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Chesnut was aware that impressed slaves would be especially vulnerable to
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Democratic Party members of the South Carolina House of Representatives
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850:. James Chesnut was also a first cousin of fellow Confederate general
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1951:
665:
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Signers of the Provisional Constitution of the Confederate States
1215:. Edited by Carol Bleser. New York: Oxford University Press 1988.
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1193:. New Haven: Yale University Press 1981), ed. C. Vann Woodward.
1107:"Chesnut Cottage, Richland County (1718 Hampton St., Columbia)"
1366:
at Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library
1251:. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2000.
778:. He was in overall command before the arrival of Maj. Gen.
722:
if the state failed to enlist 5,000 volunteers by March 20.
3059:
Democratic Party United States senators from South Carolina
1186:. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press 1950.
830:
and his wife Caroline, Confederate general and politician
686:
and was sent by the general to demand the surrender of
1259:
Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders.
1229:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2003.
1222:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1992.
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1276:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press 1955.
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Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959.
1356:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
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1113:. South Carolina Department of Archives and History
1039:. University of South Carolina Press. p. 156.
914:"Papers of the Cox and Chesnut Families, 1792-1858"
882:
List of United States senators expelled or censured
632:But the political atmosphere tightened towards the
404:
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South Carolina House of Representatives
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34:
3079:People of South Carolina in the American Civil War
1551:Provisional Constitution of the Confederate States
605:. He served there for two years alongside Senator
877:List of American Civil War generals (Confederate)
1305:. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.
3054:Conservative Party (South Carolina) politicians
555:) in 1835, and initially rose to prominence in
3084:Signers of the Confederate States Constitution
1480:Provisional Congress of the Confederate States
1111:National Register Properties in South Carolina
725:As military department chief, Chesnut oversaw
473:from 1861 to 1862. He also served as a senior
471:Provisional Congress of the Confederate States
248:November 23, 1840 – December 15, 1845
237:November 25, 1850 – December 16, 1851
57:Provisional Congress of the Confederate States
2599:
2062:
1534:
210:November 22, 1852 – December 3, 1858
161:December 10, 1856 – December 3, 1858
117:December 3, 1858 – November 10, 1860
74:February 4, 1861 – February 17, 1862
8:
457:in 1858–60, where he proved moderate on the
1466:Confederate States House of Representatives
1200:Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.
3049:Confederate States Army brigadier generals
2615:United States senators from South Carolina
2606:
2592:
2584:
2069:
2055:
2047:
1541:
1527:
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1434:U.S. Senator (Class 3) from South Carolina
1382:
1370:
609:of South Carolina. Although a defender of
42:
31:
994:
842:, and Confederate general and politician
814:in Columbia during the Civil War period.
694:. After the commander of the fort, Major
543:. Chesnut Sr. was one of the wealthiest
1286:(Ph.D. thesis). University of Helsinki.
1196:Eicher, John H. & Eicher, David J.:
617:, Chesnut opposed the re-opening of the
2967:
905:
678:In the spring of 1861, he served as an
572:South Carolina House of Representatives
453:state politics, served as a Democratic
1024:(PhD thesis). University of Tennessee.
336:
1511:Articles related to James Chesnut Jr.
1184:South Carolina Goes to War: 1860–1865
1059:
826:, Confederate general and politician
755:. On August 22, 1862 he wrote to the
7:
2567:
2030:
947:The Counterrevolution of the Slavery
802:Chesnut married seventeen-year-old
589:In 1858 Chesnut was elected by the
707:as an aide-de-camp to Beauregard.
551:of the College of New Jersey (now
25:
3039:19th-century American legislators
1351:"James Chesnut Jr. (id: c000348)"
751:while working on defenses in the
3006:
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2555:
2554:
2106:
2029:
2018:
2017:
1220:Mary Boykin Chesnut: A Biography
651:from the Senate the next year.)
640:and its presidential candidate,
3069:Expelled United States senators
2079:Confederate States Constitution
1236:New York: Facts On File, 1988.
463:Confederate States Constitution
449:Chesnut, a lawyer prominent in
332:
1225:Scarborough, William Kaufman:
918:South Carolina Digital Library
891:United States Military Academy
865:Kershaw County, South Carolina
1:
1234:Who Was Who in the Civil War.
770:. In 1864 he was promoted to
634:Presidential Election of 1860
1274:Beauregard: Napoleon in Gray
949:, pp. 134, 138, 176–7.
941:, pp. 277 and 289, Cauthen,
291:Camden, South Carolina, U.S.
3105:
945:, pp. 49–50, Sinha,
943:South Carolina Goes to War
591:South Carolina Legislature
3044:Burials in South Carolina
2795:
2549:
2104:
2012:
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1471:
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1398:
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1364:James Chesnut Letter Book
887:Johnson Chesnut Whittaker
834:, Confederate politician
621:and was not as staunch a
437:
252:
241:
230:
203:
154:
110:
67:
50:
41:
1375:Offices and distinctions
1349:United States Congress.
1301:Koivusalo, Anna (2022).
1280:Koivusalo, Anna (2017).
1198:Civil War High Commands.
1191:Mary Chesnut's Civil War
1090:Mary Chesnut's Civil War
1035:Koivusalo, Anna (2022).
939:Masters of the Big House
705:First Battle of Manassas
574:(1840–52) and the
531:Early life and education
422:First Battle of Manassas
84:Constituency established
1493:Constituency abolished
1341:The Political Graveyard
1218:Muhlenfeld, Elisabeth:
1159:Oxford University Press
527:, and Jefferson Davis.
504:. Later he was aide to
479:Confederate States Army
381:Confederate States Army
2540:William Beck Ochiltree
1796:William Parish Chilton
1211:Hammond, James Henry:
1189:Chesnut, Mary Boykin:
808:Stephen Decatur Miller
675:
541:Camden, South Carolina
275:Camden, South Carolina
94:Constituency abolished
2216:Alexander H. Stephens
2126:Robert Barnwell Rhett
1714:Alexander H. Stephens
1589:Robert Barnwell Rhett
1402:South Carolina Senate
1182:Cauthen, Charles E.:
1154:Battle Cry of Freedom
782:and later Brig. Gen.
765:Confederate President
731:Charleston's defenses
727:impressment of slaves
669:
576:South Carolina Senate
498:firing on Fort Sumter
465:. He was Deputy from
417:Battle of Fort Sumter
387:Years of service
191:South Carolina Senate
149:South Carolina Senate
100:United States Senator
2519:Williamson S. Oldham
2381:Alexander M. Clayton
1968:Williamson S. Oldham
1851:Alexander M. Clayton
1394:Robert F. W. Allston
1272:Williams, T. Harry:
1020:Lager, Eric (2019).
984:. November 12, 1860.
670:Col. James Chesnut,
584:Nashville, Tennessee
553:Princeton University
351:Princeton University
172:Robert F. W. Allston
2077:Signatories of the
1549:Signatories of the
1456:Thomas J. Robertson
1073:Mary Boykin Chesnut
964:The Washington Post
776:Battle of Tulifinny
619:African slave trade
607:James Henry Hammond
580:southern convention
568:Admitted to the bar
537:Mulberry Plantation
513:Mary Boykin Chesnut
492:As aide to General
427:Battle of Tulifinny
140:Thomas J. Robertson
27:American politician
2977:American Civil War
2326:William P. Chilton
2278:J. Patton Anderson
2244:Augustus R. Wright
2209:Martin J. Crawford
1748:J. Patton Anderson
1693:Augustus R. Wright
1672:Martin J. Crawford
1603:James Chesnut, Jr.
1452:Title next held by
1440:Served alongside:
1386:Political offices
1232:Sifakis, Stewart:
1010:, pp. 57–58.
997:, p. 237-238.
982:The New York Times
966:. January 5, 2021.
804:Mary Boykin Miller
788:Conservative Party
757:Charleston Mercury
738:Arthur Manigault's
676:
662:American Civil War
487:American Civil War
412:American Civil War
371:Confederate States
324:Mary Boykin Miller
18:James Chesnut, Jr.
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2423:J. A. P. Campbell
2388:James T. Harrison
2354:Jno. Gill Shorter
2305:Richard W. Walker
2202:Francis S. Bartow
2147:James Chesnut Jr.
2140:Wm. Porcher Miles
2086:President of the
2044:
2043:
1906:John Perkins, Jr.
1886:J. A. P. Campbell
1865:James T. Harrison
1789:Jno. Gill Shorter
1768:Richard W. Walker
1665:Francis S. Bartow
1624:Laurence M. Keitt
1617:Wm. Porcher Miles
1558:President of the
1503:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1438:1858–1860
1409:Succeeded by
1400:President of the
1336:James Chesnut Jr.
1327:James Chesnut Jr.
1293:978-951-51-3073-0
1267:978-0-8071-0823-9
1242:978-0-8160-1055-4
1206:978-0-8047-3641-1
1133:Secret And Sacred
852:Zachariah C. Deas
772:brigadier general
684:P.G.T. Beauregard
496:, he ordered the
494:P.G.T. Beauregard
444:James Chesnut Jr.
441:
440:
399:Brigadier General
147:President of the
16:(Redirected from
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2230:Thos. R. R. Cobb
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2003:Louis T. Wigfall
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1686:Benjamin H. Hill
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1631:William W. Boyce
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1507:
1473:New constituency
1424:Preceded by
1391:Preceded by
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1247:Sinha, Manisha,
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1149:McPherson, James
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844:Louis T. Wigfall
832:Wade Hampton III
638:Republican Party
563:Political career
559:state politics.
525:Wade Hampton III
521:Louis T. Wigfall
459:slavery question
362:Military service
340:
338:
334:
300:Democratic Party
288:
285:February 1, 1885
272:January 18, 1815
271:
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257:Personal details
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2538:
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2496:
2483:
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2462:
2455:
2450:Alex. de Clouet
2448:
2441:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2333:Stephen F. Hale
2331:
2324:
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2290:
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2256:
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2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2133:C. G. Memminger
2131:
2124:
2111:
2102:
2095:
2081:
2075:
2045:
2040:
2028:
2016:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1989:W. B. Ochiltree
1987:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1913:Alex. de Clouet
1911:
1904:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1803:Stephen F. Hale
1801:
1794:
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1719:
1712:
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1656:
1643:
1638:Tho. J. Withers
1636:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1610:C. G. Memminger
1608:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1574:
1567:
1553:
1547:
1512:
1504:
1499:
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1458:
1453:
1439:
1437:
1429:
1427:Arthur P. Hayne
1412:
1405:
1396:
1376:
1348:
1323:
1313:
1300:
1294:
1279:
1255:Warner, Ezra J.
1179:
1177:Further reading
1169:
1147:
1144:
1139:
1130:
1126:
1116:
1114:
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1087:
1083:
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936:
932:
922:
920:
912:
911:
907:
903:
873:
860:
836:Clement C. Clay
828:John S. Preston
824:John L. Manning
812:Chesnut Cottage
796:
784:Lucius Gartrell
768:Jefferson Davis
716:Francis Pickens
696:Robert Anderson
664:
642:Abraham Lincoln
603:Josiah J. Evans
565:
533:
506:Jefferson Davis
483:Eastern Theater
433:
342:
330:
326:
307:
306:Other political
296:Political party
290:
286:
273:
267:
265:
247:
242:
236:
231:
221:
216:
209:
204:
194:
189:
178:
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134:
128:Arthur P. Hayne
122:
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102:
89:
79:
73:
68:
59:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2546:
2544:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2512:John H. Reagan
2508:
2505:Thomas N. Waul
2501:
2493:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2478:Edward Sparrow
2474:
2471:Henry Marshall
2467:
2460:
2453:
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2419:
2412:
2405:
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2365:
2364:
2361:J. L. M. Curry
2357:
2350:
2343:
2340:David P. Lewis
2336:
2329:
2322:
2319:Colin J. McRae
2315:
2312:Robt. H. Smith
2308:
2300:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2271:Jackson Morton
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2168:Laurence Keitt
2164:
2157:
2154:R. W. Barnwell
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2129:
2121:
2119:
2117:South Carolina
2113:
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2100:
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2076:
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2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2026:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1982:John H. Reagan
1978:
1971:
1964:
1961:Thomas N. Waul
1956:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1941:Henry Marshall
1937:
1934:Edward Sparrow
1930:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1901:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1868:
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1847:
1839:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1824:J. L. M. Curry
1820:
1813:
1810:David P. Lewis
1806:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1782:Colin J. McRae
1778:
1775:Robt. H. Smith
1771:
1763:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1734:Jackson Morton
1729:
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1606:
1599:
1596:R. W. Barnwell
1592:
1584:
1582:
1580:South Carolina
1576:
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1572:
1564:
1562:
1555:
1554:
1548:
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1538:
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1523:
1517:
1514:
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1501:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:South Carolina
1478:Member of the
1475:
1469:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1451:
1446:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1411:William Porter
1410:
1407:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1361:
1346:
1344:
1333:
1322:
1321:External links
1319:
1318:
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1311:
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1137:
1135:, p. 214.
1124:
1098:
1081:
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1062:, p. 148.
1052:
1045:
1027:
1012:
999:
995:McPherson 1988
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969:
951:
930:
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902:
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898:
897:
884:
879:
872:
869:
859:
856:
822:, ex-Governor
820:John Bell Hood
795:
792:
753:coastal region
663:
660:
615:states' rights
564:
561:
557:South Carolina
549:law department
532:
529:
517:John Bell Hood
502:First Manassas
500:and served at
467:South Carolina
451:South Carolina
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224:Kershaw County
215:Member of the
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188:Member of the
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183:William Porter
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108:
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105:South Carolina
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62:South Carolina
55:Member of the
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2499:
2498:John Hemphill
2495:
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2409:Walker Brooke
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1996:John Hemphill
1993:
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1443:James Hammond
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308:affiliations
287:(1885-02-01)
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179:Succeeded by
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135:Succeeded by
112:
90:Succeeded by
69:
29:
3034:1885 deaths
3029:1815 births
2694:De Saussure
2372:Mississippi
2251:A. H. Kenan
2097:Howell Cobb
1835:Mississippi
1707:A. H. Kenan
1569:Howell Cobb
1418:U.S. Senate
1142:Works cited
688:Fort Sumter
682:to General
649:in absentia
601:to replace
595:U.S. Senate
586:, in 1850.
167:Preceded by
123:Preceded by
80:Preceded by
3023:Categories
2533:John Gregg
2347:Tho. Fearn
1975:John Gregg
1817:Tho. Fearn
1489:1861–1862
1406:1856–1858
1117:January 7,
1060:Lager 2019
1008:Beauregard
1006:Williams,
923:October 6,
901:References
895:West Point
742:Winyah Bay
692:Charleston
367:Allegiance
312:Democratic
268:1815-01-18
2989:Biography
2879:Patterson
2864:A. Butler
2829:P. Butler
2719:M. Butler
2714:Robertson
2629:P. Butler
2434:Louisiana
2195:R. Toombs
1897:Louisiana
1658:R. Toombs
1131:Hammond,
1088:Chesnut,
700:U.S. Army
390:1861–1865
347:Education
244:In office
233:In office
222:from the
206:In office
195:from the
157:In office
113:In office
70:In office
3001:Politics
2934:Hollings
2924:Johnston
2914:E. Smith
2899:McLaurin
2859:McDuffie
2844:W. Smith
2834:Gaillard
2784:Thurmond
2774:Thurmond
2704:A. Hayne
2684:Barnwell
2659:R. Hayne
2654:W. Smith
2639:Pinckney
2560:Category
2088:Congress
2023:Category
1560:Congress
1151:(1988).
871:See also
840:Virginia
733:and for
713:governor
646:expelled
599:Democrat
545:planters
226:district
199:district
2963:Portals
2929:Russell
2904:Latimer
2884:Hampton
2869:Hammond
2854:Preston
2824:Colhoun
2807:Class 3
2779:Wofford
2764:Maybank
2754:Lumpkin
2734:Pollock
2724:Tillman
2709:Chesnut
2674:Calhoun
2664:Calhoun
2622:Class 2
2572:Commons
2296:Alabama
2262:Florida
2186:Georgia
2035:Commons
1759:Alabama
1725:Florida
1649:Georgia
749:malaria
740:use at
735:Colonel
698:of the
611:slavery
593:to the
485:of the
481:in the
477:of the
475:officer
469:to the
455:senator
341:
329:
2939:DeMint
2874:Sawyer
2849:Miller
2839:Harper
2789:Graham
2769:Daniel
2749:Byrnes
2744:Blease
2679:Elmore
2649:Taylor
2644:Sumter
2634:Hunter
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1077:passim
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277:, U.S.
142:(1868)
2944:Scott
2894:Earle
2814:Izard
2759:Peace
2729:Benet
2699:Evans
2689:Rhett
2669:Huger
2489:Texas
1952:Texas
1483:from
1459:1868
858:Death
627:Union
597:as a
539:near
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331:(
327:
103:from
60:from
2919:Hall
2909:Gary
2889:Irby
2819:Read
2739:Dial
1307:ISBN
1288:ISBN
1263:ISBN
1238:ISBN
1202:ISBN
1163:ISBN
1119:2014
1041:ISBN
925:2014
674:1862
613:and
395:Rank
337:1840
282:Died
262:Born
1338:at
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690:in
582:at
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