142:
233:. Shinsei Higa, who was sixteen at the time, remembers that "I didn't see the actual killing because I was hiding in the mountains above, but I heard five or six gunshots and then a lot of footsteps and commotion. By late afternoon, we came down from the mountains and then everyone knew what had happened."
261:
Kijun
Kishimoto, a villager who was almost 30 years old and absent from Katsuyama at the time of the incident, eventually revealed the killings. In an interview, Kishimoto said, "People were very afraid that if the Americans found out what happened there would be retaliation, so they decided to keep
350:
as one of many examples of misconduct by
American personnel against Okinawans since the islands were first occupied after the Battle of Okinawa in 1945. Steve Rabson, Professor of East Asian Studies at Brown University, estimated that as many as 10,000 such instances of rape occurred after the war.
177:
on July 10, 1945, to August 13, 1946. Residents of
Katsuyama had reportedly killed the three Marines for their repeated rape of village women during occupation of Okinawa and hid their bodies in a nearby cave out of fear for retaliation. The Katsuyama incident was kept secret until August 16, 1997,
236:
The
Marines were killed and, to cover up their deaths, their bodies were dumped in a local cave which had a 50-foot (15-m) drop-off close to its entrance. In the summer of 1947, when the three Marines did not return to their posts, they were listed as possible
352:
279:
In June 1997, Kishimoto and
Inafuku searched for the cave near Katsuyama, but could not find it until August when a storm blew down a tree which had been blocking the entrance. Kishimoto and Inafuku informed the
891:
287:
The
Katsuyama incident was reported to the United States military by Inafuku, who informed then-Kadena Air Base 18th Wing Historian Master-Sergeant James Allender, who in turn reported it to the
871:
327:
No plans were made to criminally investigate the
Katsuyama incident by either the United States military or the Okinawa police. Since the killings, locals have allegedly called the cave
250:
41:
866:
246:
856:
861:
355:, the United States Forces Japan has maintained a large military presence in Okinawa: 27,000 personnel, including 15,000 Marines, contingents from the Army,
836:
896:
639:
846:
276:
in
Okinawa, whose deceased son Clive was also a victim of sexual assault, and who was involved in the search for deceased servicemen from the war.
222:
them. The
Marines became so confident that the villagers of Katsuyama were powerless to stop them, they came to the village without their weapons.
397:
617:
387:
692:
572:
564:
409:
372:
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in
Okinawa but they kept the discovery a secret for a few months to protect the people who discovered the location of the bodies.
288:
36:
881:
281:
758:
576:
886:
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245:. Knowledge of the killings became a village secret for the next 50 years, remaining secret for the duration of the
841:
382:
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292:
162:
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262:
it a secret to protect those involved." Finally, a guilty conscience led Kishimoto to contact Setsuko Inafuku
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253:, until 1972, when the U.S. government returned the islands to Japanese administration.
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241:. After a year with still no evidence of what happened to them, they were declared
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225:
The villagers took advantage of this and ambushed them with the help of two armed
218:, and every time they violently took the village women into the nearby hills and
203:
91:
343:(黒ん坊) is a derogatory and highly offensive word for Black people in Japanese.
308:
807:
794:
774:
770:
729:
705:"Race and Reflexivity: The Black Other in Contemporary Japanese Mass Culture"
214:
began to repeatedly visit the village of Katsuyama, northwest of the city of
518:
Gama means cave. Kuronbo （黒んぼ） is an ethnic slur referring to black people."
238:
312:
737:
704:
759:"U.S. Courts-Martial in Occupation Japan: Rape, Race, and Censorship"
230:
749:
640:"Okinawa legend leaves unsettling questions about Marines' deaths"
219:
101:
468:
215:
166:
146:
59:
534:(in Japanese). Naha City, Okinawa: Okinawa Prefectural Office.
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when the bodies and identities of the Marines were discovered.
153:
into which the village of Katsuyama has since been merged.
27:
Killing of three American soldiers by Okinawans in 1945
346:
The Katsuyama incident has been seen by opponents of
892:
War crimes by the United States during World War II
131:
123:
115:
107:
97:
85:
70:
55:
50:
703:
593:
872:United States Armed Forces in Okinawa Prefecture
618:"3 Dead Marines and a Secret of Wartime Okinawa"
289:Joint Services Central Identification Laboratory
867:United States Marine Corps in the 20th century
265:
194:led to the occupation of the highly-strategic
8:
303:as Private First Class James D. Robinson of
857:Sexual violence in Asia during World War II
453:
451:
388:2002 Okinawa Michael Brown assault incident
299:, the three Marines were identified using
161:was the killing of three African-American
47:
592:Cullen, Lisa Takeuchi (August 13, 2001).
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437:
435:
433:
431:
429:
427:
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862:United States military scandals in Japan
511:
479:
295:. Once the bodies were recovered by the
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421:
307:, Private First Class John M. Smith of
229:soldiers who were hiding in the nearby
457:
7:
573:American Battle Monuments Commission
565:American Battle Monuments Commission
469:American Battle Monuments Commission
443:
681:: Japan in the wake of World War II
410:Sexual assault in the U.S. military
373:Rape during the occupation of Japan
363:, and their 22,000 family members.
315:, all aged 19 or 20 years-old. The
251:United States Civil Administration
25:
897:Vigilantism against sex offenders
579:from the original on July 9, 2021
541:from the original on July 9, 2021
348:U.S. military presence in Okinawa
247:United States Military Government
757:Svoboda, Terese (May 23, 2009).
847:United States military in Japan
159:1945 Katsuyama killing incident
127:Japanese soldiers and civilians
51:1945 Katsuyama killing incident
638:Talmadge, Eric (May 7, 2000).
311:, and Private Isaac Stokes of
202:shortly before the end of the
1:
837:Japan–United States relations
722:10.1525/can.1991.6.1.02a00010
616:Sims, Calvin (June 1, 2000).
274:Kadena United States Air Base
145:The location of the city of
212:United States Marines Corps
913:
685:W. W. Norton & Company
383:1995 Okinawa rape incident
353:U.S.-Japan Security Treaty
18:James D. Robinson (rapist)
378:1955 Yumiko-chan incident
319:could not be determined.
266:
763:The Asia-Pacific Journal
119:African-American Marines
676:Dower, John W. (2000).
571:. Arlington, Virginia:
361:United States Air Force
74:July 10, 1945
37:Infobox civilian attack
702:Russell, John (1991).
398:2008 Yokosuka homicide
393:2006 Yokosuka homicide
227:Imperial Japanese Army
154:
135:To stop rape incidents
42:considered for merging
882:1945 murders in Japan
710:Cultural Anthropology
190:victory at the major
163:United States Marines
144:
808:26.5917°N 127.9775°E
645:Athens Banner-Herald
498:. January 31, 2023.
496:dictionary.goo.ne.jp
206:. Reportedly, three
887:War crimes in Japan
804: /
777:on January 29, 2012
569:"James W. Grimmett"
339:refers to a cave.
272:, a tour guide for
623:The New York Times
514:: "Locals call it
357:United States Navy
297:United States Army
196:Okinawa Prefecture
165:in Katsuyama near
155:
64:Okinawa Prefecture
842:Politics of Japan
813:26.5917; 127.9775
694:978-0-393-32027-5
683:(2000 ed.).
656:on April 12, 2015
333:Okinawan language
331:Gama (黒ん坊がま). In
243:missing in action
192:Battle of Okinawa
175:Battle of Okinawa
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16:(Redirected from
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773:. Archived from
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679:Embracing Defeat
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652:. Archived from
650:Associated Press
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595:"Okinawa Nights"
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500:沖縄地方や鹿児島などの方言。
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186:In June 1945,
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779:. Retrieved
775:the original
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748:– via
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658:. Retrieved
654:the original
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627:. Retrieved
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605:. Retrieved
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581:. Retrieved
543:. Retrieved
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403:
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340:
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293:Pearl Harbor
286:
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235:
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185:
158:
156:
124:Perpetrators
35:
811: /
799:127°58′39″E
781:October 25,
765:. 21-1-09.
716:(1): 3–25.
529:"沖縄県の基地の現状"
458:Cullen 2001
204:Pacific War
92:Vigilantism
87:Attack type
31:‹ The
826:Categories
796:26°35′30″N
558:References
351:Under the
309:Cincinnati
173:after the
78:1945-07-10
771:1557-4660
746:146155382
730:0886-7356
444:Sims 2000
323:Aftermath
257:Discovery
239:deserters
149:(red) on
40:is being
629:July 12,
577:Archived
536:Archived
404:General:
367:See also
305:Savannah
249:and the
182:Incident
56:Location
44:. ›
33:template
660:July 9,
607:July 9,
583:July 9,
545:July 9,
492:"がまの解説"
341:Kuronbō
329:Kuronbō
313:Chicago
171:Okinawa
76: (
66:, Japan
769:
744:
738:656493
736:
728:
691:
231:jungle
188:Allied
132:Motive
116:Victim
108:Deaths
102:Knives
98:Weapon
750:JSTOR
742:S2CID
734:JSTOR
539:(PDF)
532:(PDF)
416:Notes
220:raped
200:Japan
783:2010
767:ISSN
726:ISSN
689:ISBN
662:2021
631:2010
609:2021
601:TIME
585:2021
547:2021
337:Gama
267:稲福節子
216:Nago
167:Nago
157:The
147:Nago
71:Date
60:Nago
718:doi
291:at
198:of
828::
761:.
740:.
732:.
724:.
712:.
708:.
687:.
648:.
642:.
620:.
598:.
575:.
567:.
494:.
450:^
424:^
359:,
335:,
169:,
62:,
785:.
752:.
720::
714:6
697:.
664:.
633:.
611:.
587:.
549:.
270:)
264:(
111:3
80:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
