415:(2014): Judge Graves wrote for the panel, in a matter of first impression, to adopt the burden-shifting standard in the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to govern the burdens of proof in disparate impact housing discrimination cases under the Fair Housing Act (FHA). The plaintiff organization alleged Texas issued its Section 8 housing credits in a manner that disproportionately awarded developments in minority neighborhoods and denied them in primarily white neighborhoods. This created a segregated housing pattern. The case was based on discriminatory impact (rather than intent), and the standards governing that type of claim differed among courts. Graves, however, recognized that the HUD had recently promulgated rules governing disparate impact FHA claims and expressly adopted the rules. In doing so, the panel reversed the trial court’s judgment and remanded to have the evidence considered under the new legal standard. The state appealed to the Supreme Court to challenge whether disparate impact claims are cognizable under the FHA. The Supreme Court affirmed and held disparate-impact claims are cognizable under the FHA.
427:(2022): Graves dissented in an August 24, 2022 ruling that upheld a 1890 Mississippi law that disenfranchised a large number of felons. Graves called the law out for its racist history and spoke of his own experiences growing up in Jim Crow Mississippi. He wrote: "It is worth noting that § 241 stands virtually alone in its endurance against courts acting as protectors of constitutional rights. Mississippi’s other facially neutral but invidiously motivated laws and constitutional provisions have almost all been invalidated or superseded. Each of these provisions, like §241, was enacted to maintain white supremacy in Mississippi. But unlike § 241, these provisions were all struck down by federal judges upholding their oath to the Constitution. On § 241, Mississippians have simply not been given the chance to right the wrongs of its racist origins. And this court, in failing to right its own wrongs, deprives Mississippians of this opportunity by upholding an unconstitutional law enacted for the purpose of discriminating against Black Mississippians on the basis of their race."
401:, 450 U.S. 544, and the exceptions to the general rule, Graves concluded Dollar General entered into a consensual relationship with the tribe by participating in a youth opportunity program. The program provided young tribe members with short, unpaid internships and training while Dollar General received unpaid labor. He further concluded the tribe member’s claims related to the consensual relationship, i.e., he alleged he was assaulted by a supervisor when he was in the program and worked at Dollar General. By concluding the “consensual relationship” exception permitted tribal jurisdiction over the tribe member’s claims, the panel affirmed the denial of Dollar General’s motion for an injunction to stop the prosecution of the tribe member’s tort claims in tribal court. Although the decision was appealed to the Supreme Court, the judgment was affirmed by an equally divided court.
397:(2014): Judge Graves wrote the majority opinion (2-1) in which the panel held there was tribal court jurisdiction over a young tribal member’s tort claims against a Dollar General Store for its alleged negligent hiring, training, and oversight of a manager who allegedly sexually molested the tribe member during an unpaid internship. As a general rule, tribal jurisdiction and sovereignty does not extend to claims against nonmembers of the tribe. But relying on the Supreme Court’s
421:(2021): Judge Graves dissented in a 2-1 decision that refused to revive a lawsuit accusing a local prosecutor of mishandling the situation after a warden allegedly raped her. Graves wrote: "A right to be free from discriminatory law enforcement policies that enable crime is distinct from an affirmative right to prosecution. As the injury Lefebure asserts is one caused by a policy of discrimination, it implicates the chief original concern of equal protection."
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the
Mississippi Attorney General's Office. He also worked as a special assistant attorney general for the State of Mississippi and served as the director of the division of child support enforcement in the Mississippi Department of Human Services. Graves has served as a Teaching Team Member of the Trial Advocacy Workshop at Harvard Law School since 1998. He has also held the position of adjunct professor at
31:
522:
308:. Graves has taught courses in media law, civil rights law, and sociology of law and was jurist-in-residence at Syracuse University School of Law, through 2021. Graves has also coached high school, college, and law school mock trial teams, including the Jackson Murrah High School mock trial team that won the 2001 state championship.
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295:
Graves began his legal career as a staff attorney at
Central Mississippi Legal Services in 1980. He then worked in the private practice of law for three years, before returning to public service work. Graves served as legal counsel for both the health law division and the human services division of
376:
on August 8, 2009. Although approved by Senate
Judiciary Committee on December 1, 2010, the Senate failed to act on the nomination. Obama renominated Graves in January 2011, and the Senate confirmed him on February 14, 2011, making him the third African-American judge on the Fifth Circuit, after
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329:. Graves was then elected to the position later that year in a special election, in which he received seventy-seven percent of the votes cast. Graves was later re-elected without opposition in 1994 and 1998.
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405:, 579 U.S.545 (2016). The decision, at the time, was the first one from a federal appeals court endorsing a tribal court's exercise of jurisdiction over tort claims against a nonmember under
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In recognition of outstanding contributions to our nation's communities through unselfish dedication and leadership
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1161:"Justice Graves honored for advancing public understanding of the law - State of Mississippi Judiciary News"
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1190:"FBI's Jackson Field Office Announces 2011 Recipient of the FBI Director's Community Leadership Award"
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263:. After working at the Mississippi Department of Public Welfare for almost two years, he enrolled at
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justice on the court. The first
African-Americans to serve on the Mississippi Supreme Court were
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For excellence in enhancing the public's understanding of the law and the legal system
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1125:"Roy Harness; Kamal Karriem, vs. Michael Watson, Secretary of State of Mississippi"
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1053:"Inclusive Communities Project v. Texas Dep't of Housing and Community Affairs"
340:. Graves later won election to the court in 2004. At the time, he was the only
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Inclusive
Communities Project, Inc. v. Texas Dep't of Hous. & Cmty. Affs.
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Golden Days: Reminiscences of
Alumnae, Mississippi State College for Women
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470:
Mississippi Bar
Foundation, Law-Related Public Education Award - 2002
771:"Supreme Court Justice James Graves Jr. to speak at CCC commencement"
467:
Mississippi
Association of Educators Humanized Education Award - 2002
458:
State of
Mississippi Parent of the Year Award, First Alternate - 2001
841:"President Obama Names James E. Graves Jr. to U.S. Court of Appeals"
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3489:
Judges of the United States Court of
Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
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862:
3529:
United States court of appeals judges appointed by Barack Obama
1377:
1303:
James Graves:Dialogue with a Supreme Court judge in Mississippi
602:
List of first minority male lawyers and judges in Mississippi
239:. He attended Sumner High School in Clinton and graduated as
1305:
College and University Dialogue Retrieved September 26, 2018
364:
nominated Graves to be a United States circuit judge of the
898:"Mississippi Supreme Court Biography: James E. Graves Jr"
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Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs alumni
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Dolgencorp, Inc. v. Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians
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462:
United States Department of Health and Human Services
1358:
United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
449:
Hinds County Bar Association Innovation Award - 2000
366:
United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
217:
United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
44:
United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
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654:"Graves, James Earl, Jr. - Federal Judicial Center"
403:
Dollar General Corp. v. Ms. Band of Choctaw Indians
385:. He received his commission on February 15, 2011.
174:
147:
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126:
114:
96:
84:
72:
41:
21:
1328:Associate Justice of the Mississippi Supreme Court
211:(born 1953) is an American lawyer who serves as a
98:Associate Justice of the Mississippi Supreme Court
800:
798:
796:
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493:FBI Director's Community Leadership Award - 2011
984:. University Press of Mississippi. p. 210.
835:
833:
831:
619:
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488:Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs
277:Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs
725:
723:
1389:
924:"Celebrating Black History Month 2021—Part 2"
325:appointed Graves as a circuit court judge of
110:November 1, 2001 – February 15, 2011
8:
949:"Obama taps Graves for federal appeals post"
625:"Congressional Record for February 14, 2011"
348:, who served from 1985 to 1990, followed by
1017:"Dolgencorp v. Ms. Band of Choctaw Indians"
501:Member of the American Law Institute - 2015
3305:
3188:
3046:
2894:
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2358:
2166:
1999:
1867:
1705:
1533:
1436:
1396:
1382:
1374:
1308:
806:"Five questions with Justice James Graves"
510:Graves is married and has three children.
29:
18:
3519:Syracuse University College of Law alumni
3514:Justices of the Mississippi Supreme Court
732:"The JFP Interview: Justice James Graves"
648:
646:
251:score in his class. Graves then attended
1283:Biographical Directory of Federal Judges
1089:"Priscilla Lefebure v. Samuel D'Aquilla"
231:minister, Graves was born and raised in
613:
592:List of African-American federal judges
853:from the original on February 16, 2017
744:from the original on December 17, 2008
484:Mississippi Chapter Legal Award - 2004
3539:21st-century African-American lawyers
3534:20th-century African-American lawyers
1141:from the original on November 2, 2022
478:Millsaps College Livesay Award - 2004
7:
1105:from the original on October 6, 2021
1069:from the original on August 26, 2022
1033:from the original on August 26, 2022
438:National Conference of Black Lawyers
409:s consensual relationship exception.
928:Syracuse University College of Law
490:Public Administration Award - 2009
317:Mississippi state judicial service
265:Syracuse University College of Law
14:
446:Distinguished Jurist Award - 1996
3484:Jackson State University faculty
980:Pieschel, Bridget Smith (2008).
730:Casey Parks (October 21, 2004).
701:"Miss. justice tapped for court"
699:Jerry Mitchell (June 11, 2010).
597:List of African-American jurists
576:
562:
548:
534:
520:
3474:American Seventh-day Adventists
1406:United States courts of appeals
1230:from the original on 2022-05-28
1200:from the original on 2015-09-19
1171:from the original on 2022-06-29
664:from the original on 2019-12-15
455:Parent of the Year Award - 2001
273:Master of Public Administration
3509:Mississippi state court judges
453:Jackson Public School District
440:Judge of the Year Award - 1992
1:
3544:21st-century American lawyers
3459:20th-century American lawyers
1248:Mott, Ronni (April 8, 2013).
1218:Institute, The American Law.
255:and graduated in 1975 with a
3464:21st-century American judges
3454:20th-century American judges
360:On June 10, 2010, President
283:in 1981. He is a practicing
464:Commissioner's Award - 2001
213:United States circuit judge
3560:
3479:Harvard Law School faculty
271:in 1980. He also earned a
16:American judge (born 1953)
1412:
1365:
1353:
1345:
1335:
1324:
1316:
1311:
776:Clarksdale Press Register
338:Mississippi Supreme Court
291:Legal and academic career
202:
138:
103:
60:
49:
37:
28:
3524:Tougaloo College faculty
3504:Millsaps College faculty
1254:www.jacksonfreepress.com
444:National Bar Association
399:Montana v. United States
356:Federal judicial service
336:appointed Graves to the
306:Jackson State University
267:, where he received his
223:Early life and education
3499:Millsaps College alumni
3469:African-American judges
1288:Federal Judicial Center
1286:, a publication of the
1250:"Judge James E. Graves"
1224:American Law Institute
1060:Fifth Circuit Opinions
1024:Fifth Circuit Opinions
954:San Jose Mercury News
419:Lefebure v. D'Aquilla
285:Seventh-day Adventist
209:James Earl Graves Jr.
152:James Earl Graves Jr.
570:United States portal
168:Clinton, Mississippi
1278:James E. Graves Jr.
1134:. August 24, 2022.
1098:. October 5, 2021.
1005:Clarion Ledger News
528:Christianity portal
352:from 1991 to 2001.
281:Syracuse University
245:grade point average
188:Syracuse University
1421:represent current
1062:. March 24, 2014.
1026:. March 14, 2014.
904:on January 5, 2011
737:Jackson Free Press
706:The Clarion-Ledger
584:Mississippi portal
383:Joseph W. Hatchett
346:Reuben V. Anderson
332:In 2001, Governor
321:In 1991, Governor
3431:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3295:
3294:
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3177:
3036:
3035:
2884:
2883:
2587:
2586:
2465:
2464:
2348:
2347:
2156:
2155:
1989:
1988:
1857:
1856:
1773:Montgomery-Reeves
1695:
1694:
1523:
1522:
1372:
1371:
1336:Succeeded by
1320:Fred L. Banks Jr.
991:978-1-60473-097-5
863:National Archives
849:. June 10, 2010.
432:Honors and awards
425:Harness v. Watson
389:Notable decisions
368:to replace Judge
350:Fred L. Banks Jr.
243:with the highest
206:
205:
162:November 19, 1953
121:Fred L. Banks Jr.
68:February 15, 2011
3551:
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3189:
3047:
2895:
2598:
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2167:
2000:
1868:
1706:
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1437:
1398:
1391:
1384:
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1360:
1346:Preceded by
1330:
1317:Preceded by
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1236:
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1157:
1151:
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1146:
1140:
1132:ca5.uscourts.gov
1129:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1104:
1096:ca5.uscourts.gov
1093:
1085:
1079:
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1057:
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1042:
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1038:
1032:
1021:
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1007:
1002:
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995:
977:
971:
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968:
966:
959:Associated Press
945:
939:
938:
936:
934:
920:
914:
913:
911:
909:
900:. Archived from
894:
867:
866:
860:
858:
837:
826:
825:
823:
821:
816:on July 14, 2011
812:. Archived from
802:
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788:
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767:
754:
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751:
749:
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718:
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627:. Archived from
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572:
567:
566:
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558:
553:
552:
544:
542:Biography portal
539:
538:
537:
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525:
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342:African-American
302:Tougaloo College
298:Millsaps College
275:degree from the
257:Bachelor of Arts
253:Millsaps College
179:Millsaps College
165:
161:
159:
143:Personal details
129:
117:
108:
87:
75:
65:
33:
23:James Graves Jr.
19:
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3554:
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3552:
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3434:
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3423:
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3301:Federal Circuit
3291:
3255:
3174:
3118:
3032:
2966:
2880:
2754:
2583:
2542:
2461:
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2401:Jackson-Akiwumi
2344:
2258:
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1985:
1954:
1853:
1787:
1691:
1610:
1519:
1478:
1426:
1408:
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1362:
1355:
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1349:Rhesa Barksdale
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979:
978:
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962:
961:. June 11, 2010
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870:
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854:
839:
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829:
819:
817:
810:Magnolia Report
804:
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631:on July 4, 2016
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434:
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379:Carl E. Stewart
370:Rhesa Barksdale
358:
334:Ronnie Musgrove
319:
314:
312:Judicial career
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91:Rhesa Barksdale
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24:
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2786:O'Scannlain
2593:9th Circuit
2471:8th Circuit
2376:Easterbrook
2354:7th Circuit
2162:6th Circuit
1995:5th Circuit
1930:Quattlebaum
1863:4th Circuit
1701:3rd Circuit
1529:2nd Circuit
1432:1st Circuit
1417:· Names in
1298:Ballotpedia
658:www.fjc.gov
237:Mississippi
116:Preceded by
86:Preceded by
3438:Categories
3368:Cunningham
3200:Srinivasan
2300:Batchelder
2249:Bloomekatz
2224:Nalbandian
2072:Engelhardt
1925:Richardson
1545:Livingston
1464:Montecalvo
1333:2001–2011
1234:2022-07-05
1204:2022-07-05
1175:2022-05-17
1145:October 3,
1109:October 5,
1073:August 26,
1037:August 26,
668:2017-04-12
608:References
556:Law portal
259:degree in
158:1953-11-19
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3170:J. Carnes
3155:E. Carnes
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2816:S. Thomas
2801:Kleinfeld
2796:Fernandez
2776:D. Nelson
2771:Schroeder
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2730:H. Thomas
2670:R. Nelson
2660:Friedland
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2199:Kethledge
2138:Barksdale
2052:Higginson
2037:Southwick
1885:Wilkinson
1799:Stapleton
1647:Calabresi
1415:Full list
1367:Incumbent
1220:"Members"
323:Ray Mabus
261:Sociology
175:Education
106:In office
53:Incumbent
3282:Randolph
3277:Sentelle
3272:Ginsburg
3135:Anderson
3079:J. Pryor
3058:W. Pryor
2988:Anderson
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2962:Federico
2932:Phillips
2922:Matheson
2871:N. Smith
2836:Fletcher
2645:Christen
2635:M. Smith
2630:Callahan
2523:Erickson
2513:Shepherd
2503:Gruender
2487:Colloton
2457:Hamilton
2335:McKeague
1945:Benjamin
1890:Niemeyer
1743:Restrepo
1728:Hardiman
1717:Chagares
1652:Cabranes
1586:Robinson
1556:Sullivan
1515:Thompson
1490:Campbell
1469:Rikelman
1228:Archived
1198:Archived
1169:Archived
1136:Archived
1100:Archived
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1028:Archived
965:July 14,
908:July 14,
857:July 14,
851:Archived
820:July 14,
783:July 14,
748:July 14,
742:Archived
712:July 14,
662:Archived
514:See also
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3348:Taranto
3267:Edwards
3221:Wilkins
3216:Pillard
3211:Millett
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3013:Briscoe
2993:Baldock
2978:Seymour
2957:Rossman
2876:Hurwitz
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2851:Tallman
2831:McKeown
2811:Tashima
2806:Hawkins
2766:Wallace
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2665:Bennett
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2391:St. Eve
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2011:Richman
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1935:Rushing
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1900:Gregory
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2003:Active
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2017:Jones
1981:Floyd
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