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419:. The river ironclads were a vital element in the highly successful Federal offensive into Tennessee, Kentucky and upper Mississippi (February–June, 1862). Eads corresponded frequently with Navy officers of the Western Flotilla, and used their "combat lessons learned" to improve vessels during post-combat repairs, and incorporate improvements into succeeding generations of gunboats. By the end of the war he would build more than 30 river ironclads.
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426:, where they supported the successful Federal attack on the Confederate port city of Mobile. All senior officers in the Western Theater, including Grant and Sherman, agreed that Eads and his vessels had been vital to early victory in the West. The first four gunboats were built at the Eads' Union Marine Works in
228:. It was also awarded a Special Award of Recognition by the American Institute of Steel Construction in 1974 on the 100th anniversary of its entry into service. Eads' design for the jetties of the south pass of the Mississippi river was also designated as National Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks in 1982.
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Eads is memorialized at
Washington University in St. Louis by James B. Eads Hall, a 19th-century building long associated with science and technology. Eads Hall was the site of Professor Arthur Holly Compton's Nobel Prize–winning experiments in electromagnetic radiation. Today Eads Hall continues to
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disasters. He also devised special boats for raising the remains of sunken ships from the river bed. Eads did much of the diving himself because the work was so dangerous. His work gave Eads an intimate knowledge of the river, as he explored its depths from the Gulf of Mexico to Iowa. Because of his
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Martha moved in with Eads' parents in LeClaire, Iowa while Eads stayed behind in St. Louis to set up a glass works. Although their living arrangement was supposed to be temporary, the failure of his glass business made it permanent. Eads had many debts to pay off from the failed business and he went
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system that narrowed the main outlet of the river, causing the river to speed up and cut its channel deeper, allowing year-round navigation. Eads offered to build the jetties first, and charge the government later. If he was successful, and the jetties caused the river to cut a channel 30 feet deep
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Around 1842, Eads fell in love with Martha Dillon, a woman related to him by marriage. Martha's father was
Patrick Dillon, a prominent St. Louis businessman. Patrick did not approve of the couple, as he wanted Martha to marry someone with money and influence. In October 1845, James and Martha wed
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When he was twenty-two, Eads designed a salvage boat and showed the drawings to two shipbuilders, Calvin Case and
William Nelson. Although Eads had no previous experience and no capital for the project, Case and Nelson were impressed with him and the three became partners.
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detailed knowledge of the
Mississippi (the equal of any professional river pilot), his exceptional ability at navigating the most treacherous parts of the river system, and his personal fleet of snag-boats and salvage craft, he was afforded the much prized
255:; at the age of 13, he left school to take up work to help support the family. He sold apples on the streets of St. Louis to help support his sisters and mother, who ran a boardinghouse. One of his first jobs was at the Williams & Duhring
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430:. The next three were built under Eads' contract at the Mound City (Illinois) Marine Railway and Shipyard. Eads' vessels were the first United States ironclads to enter combat. On January 11, 1862 the Eads-built ironclads
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During the war, Eads wrote a check to the War
Department for $ 1,000 to help homeless Confederates and Union sympathizers. After the war, he held a fair to raise money for the thousands of homeless refugees in St. Louis.
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Although he came from a humble background, Eads' accomplishments throughout his life earned him wealth and renown. He was so revered that
Scientific American proposed that he run for president of the United States.
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by the
American Society of Civil Engineers. It was also awarded a Special Award of Recognition by the American Institute of Steel Construction in 1974 on the 100th anniversary of its entry into service.
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Martha died in
October 1852 of cholera. She did not live to see Eads become successful. Five years after her death, when Eads retired from working on the river, he had amassed a fortune of $ 500,000.
248:. The family lost all of their possessions in a steamboat fire as they landed in St. Louis in 1833. Thomas Eads' business ventures in St. Louis failed, and he abandoned his family and moved upriver.
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271:, and civil engineering. When Eads became successful later in life and Williams suffered hardship, Eads reciprocated Williams' generosity by providing money for Williams' comfort in his old age.
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serve
Washington University as the site of a number of facilities including the Arts and Sciences Computing Center. Eads Hall was the gift of Captain Eads's daughter Mrs. James Finney How.
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for 20 years, the government agreed to pay him $ 8 million. Eads was successful. The jetty system was installed in 1876 and the channel was cleared in
February 1877. Journalist
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Eads' great Mississippi River Bridge at St. Louis was designated a National Historic Landmark by the Department of the Interior in 1964 and on October 21, 1974 was listed as a
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Each year the Academy of Science of St. Louis awards the James B. Eads Award recognizing a distinguished individual for outstanding achievement in science and technology.
1010:"Fighting Against Nature; How to Prevent the Recurring (sic) Mississippi Floods. The Jetty Plan of No Practical Benefit in Solving this Important Problem for the Country"
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frequently suffered from silting up of its outlets, stranding ships or making parts of the river unnavigable for a period of time. Eads solved the problem with a wooden
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626:, aged 66. Eads and his second wife, Eunice, had moved to New York four years before his death. However, his funeral took place in St. Louis and he was buried in
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run by Barrett Williams. Williams allowed the young Eads to spend time in his library, located above the store. In Eads's spare time, he read books on
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874:: pp. 25-26. Eads received "a telegram calling him to Washington for consultation on the best method of defending and occupying the Western rivers."
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In 1927, the deans of America's engineering colleges vote Eads one of the top five engineers of all time, an accolade he shared with
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was designated a National Historic Landmark by the Department of the Interior in 1964 and on October 21, 1974 was listed as a
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traffic to continue using the river during construction. The bridge is still in use today, carrying both automobile and
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244:. Eads' father, Thomas C. Eads, pursued a fortune to no avail and the family moved several times. Eads grew up in
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Eads Street is a street running parallel to U.S. Route 1/Richmond Highway in Crystal City, Arlington Virginia.
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205:(May 23, 1820 – March 8, 1887) was a world-renowned American civil engineer and inventor, holding more than 50
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of "Captain" by the rivermen of the Mississippi and was addressed as Captain Eads throughout his life.
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at Lucas Bend, on the Mississippi River. Subsequently, on February 6, 1862, Eads' ironclads captured
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Eads designed and built the first road and rail bridge to cross the Mississippi River at
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National Park Service, Vicksburg National Military Park website on City class ironclads
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was nearly impossible because of strong currents. Eads made his initial fortune in
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Movers and Shakers, Scalawags and Suffragettes: Tales from Bellefontaine Cemetery
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to the Pacific Ocean; this attracted some interest but was never constructed.
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in the world when completed. Eads was the first bridge builder to employ the
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Contemporary illustration of Eads' proposal for an Interoceanic Ship Railway
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Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 and How It Changed America
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1888 color lithograph of J. B. Eads, made for Allen & Ginter Cigarettes
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through Lawrenceburg, his hometown, is called Eads Parkway in his honor.
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Eads designed a gigantic railway system intended for construction at the
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Engineers of Dreams: Great Bridge Builders and the Spanning of America
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The last were so hardy that the Navy sent them into service in the
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The Mississippi in the 100-mile-plus stretch between the port of
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Photograph portrait of Martha Dillon Eads, wife of James B. Eads.
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1144:(3). Washington: American Society of Civil Engineers: 70–74.
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Nine years after Martha's death, in 1861, Eads remarried.
835:"People & Events: James Buchanan Eads, 1820 —1887"
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In 1884 he became the first U.S. citizen awarded the
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1380:National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
27:American civil engineer and inventor (1820–1887)
815:. St. Louis, Missouri: Missouri History Museum.
992:Pulitzer: A Life in Politics, Print, and Power
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1251:Building the City Class Ironclads Documentary
608:Albert Medal of the Royal Society of the Arts
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2004:People of Missouri in the American Civil War
720:National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark
577:National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark
222:National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark
1280:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
2014:Hall of Fame for Great Americans inductees
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742:: p. 105. "His reputation was world-wide."
170: 1854–1887)
147: 1845–1852)
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678:colonnade, located on the grounds of the
1138:Leadership and Management in Engineering
334:) wine barrel to retrieve goods sunk in
310:At that time, salvaging wrecks from the
1073:. stlouiswalkoffame.org. Archived from
916:, St. Louis County, Missouri, US GenNet
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575:designated the south pass jetties as a
951:Eads Jetties Plaque, Fort Jackson, LA.
692:Eads is recognized with a star on the
409:. He also converted the river steamer
1216:Works by or about James Buchanan Eads
941:(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
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1044:American Society of Civil Engineers
573:American Society of Civil Engineers
351:In 1861, after the outbreak of the
226:American Society of Civil Engineers
1071:"St. Louis Walk of Fame Inductees"
1040:"EADS SOUTH PASS NAVIGATION WORKS"
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1994:People from Lawrenceburg, Indiana
1984:Burials at Bellefontaine Cemetery
1969:American Civil War industrialists
1234:PBS – Secrets of a Master Builder
1416:Hall of Fame for Great Americans
1340:The New Student's Reference Work
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676:Hall of Fame for Great Americans
442:fought the Confederate gunboats
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1974:19th-century American inventors
811:Shepley, Carol Ferring (2008).
674:In 1920, Eads was added to the
622:Eads died while on vacation in
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1295:New International Encyclopedia
938:New International Encyclopedia
288:without her father's consent.
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990:James McGrath Morris (2010).
971:. February 5, 1877. p. 1
765:"Secrets of A Master Builder"
182:One son, three step-daughters
932:"Eads, James Buchanan"
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1989:American marine engineers
1979:American bridge engineers
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1633:Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.
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1964:American civil engineers
1823:William Tecumseh Sherman
1513:George Washington Carver
1310:The Nuttall Encyclopædia
1069:St. Louis Walk of Fame.
996:HarperCollins Publishers
492:Mississippi River bridge
232:Early life and education
214:Mississippi River Bridge
2019:Engineers from Missouri
1903:John Greenleaf Whittier
1518:William Ellery Channing
1325:Encyclopædia Britannica
1019:. 1890-04-28. p. 1
998:. pp. 103 and 112.
839:PBS American Experience
680:Bronx Community College
482:Battle of Hampton Roads
251:James Eads was largely
1888:James McNeill Whistler
1818:Augustus Saint-Gaudens
1733:Matthew Fontaine Maury
1355:Encyclopedia Americana
1328:(11th ed.). 1911.
1046:. ASCE. Archived from
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597:Isthmus of Tehuantepec
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1134:"James Buchanan Eads"
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157:Eunice Hagerman Eads
66:Lawrenceburg, Indiana
2009:Structural engineers
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1275:Eads, James Buchanan
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660:Port Eads, Louisiana
614:Later life and death
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428:Carondelet, Missouri
361:City-class ironclads
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1853:Henry David Thoreau
1763:John Lothrop Motley
1738:Albert A. Michelson
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1568:Ralph Waldo Emerson
1553:James Buchanan Eads
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1100:How, Louis (1900).
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91:Resting place
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76:March 8, 1887
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43:
38:
31:
19:
1908:Emma Willard
1893:Walt Whitman
1863:Lillian Wald
1833:Joseph Story
1793:William Penn
1773:Thomas Paine
1748:James Monroe
1643:Mark Hopkins
1623:Joseph Henry
1552:
1543:Peter Cooper
1523:Rufus Choate
1478:Daniel Boone
1463:Clara Barton
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1278:
1260:Find a Grave
1199:
1173:
1141:
1137:
1125:
1120:– via
1102:
1079:. Retrieved
1075:the original
1064:
1052:. Retrieved
1048:the original
1043:
1033:
1021:. Retrieved
1016:
1004:
991:
985:
973:. Retrieved
968:
956:
947:
936:
921:
902:
897:: pp. 32-33.
890:
879:
867:
855:
843:. Retrieved
838:
812:
769:. Retrieved
759:
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471:CSS Virginia
469:
455:
449:
443:
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431:
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414:
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404:
398:
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387:
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374:
368:
357:Edward Bates
350:
328:imp gal
309:
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212:Eads' great
211:
202:
200:
191:Albert Medal
78:(1887-03-08)
62:May 23, 1820
1959:1887 deaths
1954:1820 births
1898:Eli Whitney
1803:Walter Reed
1723:Horace Mann
1483:Edwin Booth
1438:Jane Addams
1023:January 10,
975:January 10,
907:"Ironclads"
553:New Orleans
523:arch bridge
519:Eads Bridge
509:Eads Bridge
503:, St. Louis
501:Eads Bridge
477:USS Monitor
457:CSS Jackson
330:; 150
324:US gal
320:diving bell
108:Nationality
1948:Categories
1858:Mark Twain
1678:James Kent
1648:Elias Howe
1528:Henry Clay
1428:John Adams
1229:Structurae
1094:References
705:James Watt
583:Other work
545:See also:
535:light rail
531:steam boat
527:cantilever
462:Fort Henry
406:Pittsburgh
400:Mound City
394:Louisville
388:Cincinnati
382:Carondelet
116:Occupation
58:1820-05-23
18:James Eads
1708:Mary Lyon
1418:inductees
1160:1532-6748
515:St. Louis
433:St. Louis
370:St. Louis
347:Civil War
336:riverboat
326:(33
269:machinery
265:mechanics
218:St. Louis
1608:Asa Gray
1237:Archived
1170:(1997).
1126:Testing.
1081:25 April
910:Archived
895:How 1900
872:How 1900
862:: p. 12.
860:How 1900
845:June 10,
752:How 1900
740:How 1900
363:for the
201:Captain
179:Children
111:American
1373:. 1921.
1358:. 1920.
1343:. 1914.
1313:. 1907.
1298:. 1905.
1283:. 1900.
1218:at the
464:on the
451:CSS Ivy
411:New Era
316:salvage
302:Fortune
224:by the
207:patents
172:
164:
160:
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141:
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124:Spouses
1182:
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1110:–120.
1054:20 May
1038:Anon.
711:, and
658:; and
638:Legacy
517:. The
454:, and
403:, and
275:Family
194:(1884)
187:Awards
1013:(pdf)
965:(pdf)
841:. PBS
833:PBS.
767:. PBS
727:Notes
561:jetty
439:Essex
416:Essex
376:Cairo
166:(
162:
143:(
139:
1180:ISBN
1156:ISSN
1112:ISBN
1083:2013
1056:2021
1025:2009
977:2009
847:2016
773:2012
474:and
436:and
103:U.S.
73:Died
52:Born
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