556:, March 27, 1836, Colonel Portilla had 400 Texans marched out of Fort Defiance and shot, clubbed or knifed to death. The 40 wounded men who could not walk were executed inside the fort compound. Fannin was the last to be executed, after seeing his men killed. He was taken to the courtyard in front of the chapel, blindfolded, and seated in a chair (due to his leg wound from the battle). He made three requests: that his personal possessions be sent to his family, to be shot in the heart and not the face, and to be given a Christian burial. He was then shot in the face and his body burned along with the other Texians who died that day.
565:
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which was passed by the
Mexican Congress on December 30, 1835, armed foreigners taken in combat were to be treated as pirates and executed. Urrea wrote to Santa Anna to ask for clemency for the Texians. Urrea wrote in his diary that he "... wished to elude these orders as far as possible without compromising my personal responsibility." On March 26, 1836, 19:00, Santa Anna ordered Portilla to execute the prisoners.
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437:) prompted Fannin to launch a relief march of more than 300 men and four pieces of artillery on February 25, 1836. After some delay, Fannin and his men moved out on the 28th for the journey to San Antonio, a distance of more than 90 miles. The relief mission was a failure. The troops barely had crossed the
529:
with their wagons and cannon placed in each corner for defense as Urrea's forces attacked. After a fierce battle, the
Mexicans lost about 100 to 200 killed and wounded; Texian losses were seven to nine killed and 60 wounded. Facing overwhelming odds, though, Fannin and his troops surrendered the next
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and his men to
Victoria, to bring carts and 20 yokes of oxen from Army quartermaster John J. Linn, who did return around March 16. Horton's men would later form Fannin's advance guard during the retreat to Victoria. Fannin finally received the news of King and Ward's defeat from Hugh McDonald Frazer
256:
on July 1, 1819. He seems to have been academically deficient, and was often tardy or absent from classes, standing sixtieth out of a class of eighty-six. He resigned
November 20, 1821 from the school after dueling a fellow cadet.He had received a letter from a cousin urging his immediate return to
548:
The
Mexicans took the Texians back to Goliad, where they were held as prisoners at Fort Defiance. The Texians thought they would likely be set free in a few weeks. General Urrea left Goliad, leaving command to Colonel Jose Nicolas de la Portilla. Under a decree that Santa Anna had pressed for, and
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Fellow citizens ... We urge as many as can possibly leave their homes to repair to
Gonzales immediately, "armed and equipped for war even to the knife." ...If Texas will now act promptly, she will soon be redeemed from that worse than Egyptian bondage which now cramps her resources and retards her
391:
volunteers would not accept it. Many of his men thought he was aloof, and several historians believe that he was an ineffective commander because of it. The majority of the men serving under Fannin had been in Texas only a short time; he was frustrated by this, writing to
Lieutenant Governor
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Transporting nine cannons and more than 500 spare muskets, Fannin's forces were also heavily laden with supplies and baggage. The column had traveled about 6 miles when Fannin ordered a halt to rest his animals. At about 3 pm, Mexican cavalry appeared. The
Texians immediately formed a
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On March 14, 1836, Ward and King were attacked by Urrea and more than 200 Mexican soldiers as they were about to leave. This detachment was part of Urrea's larger force of nearly 1,200 men. The same day, General
Houston ordered Fannin to retreat to
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in the regular army on
December 7, 1835. By January 7, 1836, the provisional government had appointed Fannin "military agent", to answer only to the council and not Houston. He began recruiting forces and supplies for the forthcoming and confusing
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498:. Fannin sent word to the men at Refugio to rendezvous with his command at Victoria. Other dispatches were intercepted by the Centralista forces, informing them of Fannin's plans. Fannin needed means of transport and had sent
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and a "post of danger". On November 22, 1835, Fannin was honorably discharged from the volunteer army by Austin and began campaigning for a larger regular army for Texas. He also went home to spend time with his family.
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He married Minerva Fort. Their daughter, Missouri Pinckney, was born on July 17, 1829. A second daughter, Minerva, nicknamed Eliza, was born mentally ill in 1832. While living in
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272:, he was a member of the Temperance Society, master of the local Masonic lodge, and had attempted to become a judge, but was disqualified for his past of dueling.
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and about 28 men to take wagons to Refugio to help evacuate the remaining families. King and his men confronted an advance party of General Urrea's cavalry in the
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486:; his defense failed and he withdrew to the old mission. A local boy managed to get away and alerted Fannin to the skirmish. Fannin sent Lieutenant Colonel
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In early February, Fannin sailed from Velasco and landed at Copano with four companies of the Georgia Battalion, moving to join a small band of
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The Mexican forces under General José de Urrea were now rapidly approaching the Texan stronghold in Goliad. They defeated Texian forces at the
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229:. His mother was not married to his father, and he was adopted by his maternal grandfather, James W. Walker, and raised on a plantation in
237:, a family with divided loyalties during the conflict. Isham's father James W. Fannin dropped the "g" from the family name and settled in
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and about 120 men to King's aid. Ward managed to drive the small Mexican force away and decided to stay the night to rest his men.
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445:. They had little or no food, some men were barefooted, and the oxen teams wandered off during the night. On March 6, 1836, the
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306:. He wrote letters seeking financial assistance and volunteers to help Texas. By September, Fannin was an active member of the
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396:"... among the rise of 400 men at, and near this post, I doubt if 25 citizens of Texas can be mustered in the ranks...".
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185:(January 1, 1804– March 27, 1836) was an American military officer, planter, and slave trader who served in the
387:. Fannin had difficulty leading the volunteers in his charge. He tried to institute regular Army discipline, but his
213:'s orders. He was memorialized in several place names, including a military training camp and a major city street in
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and four other Texians were captured, but later managed to escape and rejoin James Fannin's command at Goliad.
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James Fannin was born on January 1, 1804, in Georgia to Isham Fannin, a plantation owner and veteran of the
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and about 150 men to cut off any Mexican supply party. On November 13, Houston offered Fannin the post of
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and was a managing partner in a slave-trading syndicate. By 1835, Fannin was involved in growing the
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1209:
Alamo Sourcebook, 1836: A Comprehensive Guide to the Battle of the Alamo and the Texas Revolution
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was fought, with all the Alamo's defenders (about 187 men) being killed by Mexican forces.
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Eighteen Minutes: The Battle of San Jacinto and the Texas Independence Campaign
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to the regular army. Fannin wrote back requesting a field appointment of
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A major street in downtown Shreveport, Louisiana, is named after him.
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Army of the Republic of Texas officers killed in the Texas Revolution
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when wagons broke down, prompting the men to camp within sight of
627:
1159:
Texian Iliad – A Military History of the Texas Revolution
1135:
Lone Star Rising: The Revolutionary Birth of the Texas Republic
737:. American National Biography Online. Oxford University Press.
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in Dallas, Texas is on the National Register of Historic Places
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on February 27, where 20 were killed and prisoners were taken.
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Fannin, James Walker (1804-1836), Texas revolutionary leader
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On March 19, 1836, Fannin led the Texians on a retreat from
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James Walker Fannin-Hesitant Martyr in the Texas Revolution
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and six others escaped to notify Fannin of the situation.
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An elementary school in Midland, Texas, is named for him.
1207:
Todish, Timothy J.; Todish, Terry; Spring, Ted (1998).
1071:
The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States
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A major street in downtown Houston is named after him.
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A middle school in Amarillo, Texas, is named for him.
423:
Failed expedition to support the Alamo and aftermath
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American military officer, planter and slave trader
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321:to send aid to Gonzales. Fannin later worked with
193:. After being outnumbered and surrendering to the
344:Under the command of Bowie, Fannin fought in the
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648:A street in Abilene, Texas is named after him.
626:, was named in his honor. It was used to hold
645:A street in Denton, Texas is named after him.
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351:In November 1835, Austin ordered Fannin and
568:James W. Fannin Elementary School in Dallas
1277:19th-century executions of American people
602:, is named in his honor; the county seat (
521:, which Fannin had renamed Fort Defiance.
257:Georgia to attend to ailing grandparents.
248:when he was 14, and later enrolled in the
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20:
1302:Military personnel from Columbus, Georgia
1161:. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
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743:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0300165
339:J.W. Fannin. Jr. (et al), October 2, 1835
201:, Fannin and his fellow prisoners of war
37:Portrait of Fannin as a West Point cadet
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574:Fannin Battleground State Historic Site
407:. Mexican reinforcements under General
167:
1282:People who died in the Goliad Massacre
622:, a large military training camp near
433:Appeals from Travis at the Alamo (via
286:In 1834, Fannin settled his family at
969:Roell, Craig H.; Davenport, Herbert.
731:McDonald, Archie P. (February 2000).
7:
1007:. Texas State Historical Association
977:. Texas State Historical Association
929:. Texas State Historical Association
875:. Texas State Historical Association
845:. Texas State Historical Association
683:
681:
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1327:19th-century American slave traders
584:Goliad State Park and Historic Site
1234:Remember Goliad-Their Silent Tents
956:Todish,.Todish,Spring (1998) p.129
911:Todish,.Todish,Spring (1998) p.128
610:, who sought his aid at the Alamo.
14:
594:James W. Fannin Elementary School
478:On March 12, Fannin sent Captain
659:Timeline of the Texas Revolution
630:from Europe during World War II.
1287:Military personnel from Houston
1267:People of the Texas Revolution
294:(now Texas), where he owned a
250:United States Military Academy
1:
268:and worked as a merchant. In
38:
1074:. Govt. Print. Off. p.
1049:"Frequently Asked Questions"
923:"Battle of Agua Dulce Creek"
383:against the Mexican city of
1292:People from Freeport, Texas
1211:. Austin, TX: Eakin Press.
1192:. Republic of Texas Press.
1116:. Republic of Texas Press.
1093:Bradle, William R. (2007).
467:was fought on March 2. Dr.
374:, commissioned Fannin as a
304:Mexican government of Texas
211:Antonio López de Santa Anna
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1184:Moore, Stephen L. (2004).
582:Fannin Memorial Monument,
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510:
426:
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1322:Executed military leaders
1312:American militia officers
1131:Davis, William C (2004).
971:"Goliad Campaign of 1836"
800:Brown (2000) pp. 21,23-26
90:Execution by firing squad
30:
1005:Handbook of Texas Online
1001:"Battle of Coleto Creek"
975:Handbook of Texas Online
927:Handbook of Texas Online
873:Handbook of Texas Online
843:Handbook of Texas Online
693:New Georgia Encyclopedia
689:"James Walker Fannin Jr"
616:, is named in his honor.
370:, supported by Governor
244:He briefly attended the
73:March 27, 1836 (aged 32)
1095:Goliad: The Other Alamo
1068:Gannett, Henry (1905).
317:on October 2 and urged
183:James Walker Fannin Jr.
52:James Walker Fannin Jr.
1297:Fannin County, Georgia
1054:March 9, 2013, at the
893:Bradle (2007), pg. 135
839:"Battle of Concepción"
773:Brown (2000) pp. 12-16
614:Fannin County, Georgia
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507:Battle of Coleto Creek
454:Battle of San Patricio
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199:Battle of Coleto Creek
1317:American slave owners
1039:Hardin (1994), p. 174
1030:Hardin (1994), p. 173
869:"James Walker Fannin"
867:Hartmann, Clinton P.
567:
385:Matamoros, Tamaulipas
348:on October 28, 1835.
264:, he enlisted in the
246:University of Georgia
221:Early life and family
118:Years of service
1232:Hopewell, Clifford;
1112:Brown, Gary (2000).
600:Fannin County, Texas
465:Battle of Agua Dulce
346:Battle of Concepción
327:San Antonio de Bexar
313:He took part in the
158:Battle of Concepción
1058:, Presidio La Bahia
791:Brown (2000) pp.8-9
712:Brown (2000) pp.3-5
538:The Goliad Massacre
447:Battle of the Alamo
86:Cause of death
1155:Hardin, Stephen L.
1097:. Pelican Pub Co.
827:Brown (2000) p. 42
818:Brown (2000) p. 40
764:Brown (2000) p. 10
570:
381:Matamoros campaign
315:Battle of Gonzales
302:resistance to the
205:soon afterward at
148:Battle of Gonzales
1307:American colonels
1104:978-1-58980-457-9
947:Moore (2004) p.67
902:Moore (2004) p.28
809:Brown (2000) p. 2
755:Brown (2000) p. 6
721:Brown (2000) p. 5
576:commemorates the
560:Legacy and honors
519:Presidio La Bahia
484:Battle of Refugio
473:Plácido Benavides
439:San Antonio River
394:James W. Robinson
361:brigadier general
357:inspector general
353:William B. Travis
319:Stephen F. Austin
262:Columbus, Georgia
235:Revolutionary War
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588:Raoul Josset
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981:January 11,
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879:January 10,
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620:Camp Fannin
554:Palm Sunday
469:James Grant
411:arrived at
372:Henry Smith
368:Sam Houston
334:prosperity.
323:James Bowie
308:Texian Army
227:War of 1812
189:during the
187:Texian Army
112:Texian Army
42: 1820
1251:Categories
1199:1589070097
1087:References
409:Jose Urrea
254:West Point
96:Allegiance
49:Birth name
670:Citations
413:Matamoros
389:irregular
121:1834–1836
1177:29704011
1157:(1994).
1052:Archived
653:See also
496:Victoria
337:—
209:, under
106:Service/
405:Refugio
401:Texians
376:colonel
288:Velasco
266:militia
239:Georgia
215:Houston
197:at the
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590:, 1939
443:Goliad
417:Goliad
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65:, U.S.
665:Notes
586:, by
292:Tejas
290:, in
1238:ISBN
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1194:ISBN
1173:OCLC
1163:ISBN
1141:ISBN
1118:ISBN
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1013:2015
983:2015
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700:2023
628:POWs
463:The
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