235:
44:
769:
wait for Grey to appear and this allowed the
Americans to begin moving back to Matson's Ford. When Grant finally lurched forward again, Lafayette sent some of Poor's troops forward in a feint. Grant was fooled and stopped his advance a second time. By the time he realised what was happening, most of the Americans had slipped out of his grasp via a road that the British were not aware of. Grant nevertheless unleashed his cavalry in pursuit, but they took the wrong route and only arrived in time to see the last of Lafayette's men crossing at Matson's.
253:
575:. He ended Indian raids with the Treaty of Fort Picolata, an attempt to maintain peaceful relations between American Indian groups and Florida colonists and to entice future immigrants to his colony. During the Anglo-Cherokee War of 1759–1761, Grant had become familiar with systems of gift exchange and reciprocity used by Southeast Indian groups, which he sought to implement in Florida. Grant also established the Florida-Georgia border.
601:
Grant appointed Dr. David Yeats, the
Secretary of the East Florida Colony, as his agent to manage his plantations in his absence. As with Skinner's letters, Yeats' letters to Grant concerning the properties have long interested Florida colonial historians. Yeats named his son Grant David Yeats after Grant. Grant D. Yeats (1773–1836) became a noted English physician, author and mayor of
509:(the future site of Pittsburgh). The force was made up mainly of militia, but he took along a number of officers from the regulars since he had little respect for the colonial troops. He decided to split his force, hoping to encourage a French attack that he could surprise and overwhelm. Having no wilderness experience, he was ambushed himself by
768:
with 2,000 British and
Hessian grenadiers was ordered to strike the American left flank. The manoeuvre began auspiciously when Potter's militia dispersed in the face of Grant's column. However, the capture of two of Grey's soldiers warned Lafayette of his danger. Meanwhile, Grant halted his troops to
708:
After the event, Grant was unfairly criticised by some for allowing the escape of most of this force. He had almost 7,000 men in ten regiments opposing
Alexander's 1,600 Continentals, but there were factors at play other than troop strength. First, Grant stopped his advance according to the British
600:
Grant left his overseer
Alexander Skinner in charge of his enslaved Africans and his plantation Grant's Villa, seven miles north of St. Augustine. Skinner kept Grant informed of activities on the plantation through many letters from April 1771 until his death in March 1779. After Skinner's death,
783:
instructed Grant to establish small garrisons throughout the West Indies. Grant had the moral courage to defy
Germain and refused to carry out this order. In his letters of 8 and 17 July, he pointed out to the Secretary of State for America that naval superiority was paramount and that the small
696:
In the Battle of Long Island on 26 and 27 August, Major
General Grant led the division that landed on the left wing. He was to engage the American right and divert attention from Howe's flanking manoeuvre with the main body. An advance unit of his troops engaged the Americans at the
660:
had replaced Gage as commander, and took Grant's advice about securing New York. Grant was given the provisional rank of major-general and played several key parts in Howe's movements. Fortunately for the
Americans, Howe refused some advice from Grant, who proposed burning Boston,
620:, he became one of the most outspoken of the anti-American members in Parliament. In a speech early in 1775, he remarked that the colonists "...could not fight...", and declared that he could "go from one end of America to other and geld all the males."
1496:
517:, the British force was repelled with 342 men killed, wounded or captured. The prisoners consisted of Major Grant and 18 of his men. He was paroled soon after and tried to blame his defeat on the failure of the colonial militia to follow orders.
1466:
709:
plan, awaiting Howe's attack on the
American rear, rather than attacking the Americans who were dug in on the Brooklyn heights. Second, he was running low on ammunition. Boats and logistic support were busy ferrying and supplying the
1426:
828:. Grant also reinforced the fleet with 925 soldiers. He embarked for England on 1 August 1779, but his dispositions provided the basis for the British successes in the Caribbean during the final years of the war.
640:
to move the
British troops to New York City, so that they would have room to manoeuvre. His advice was ignored at the time. Grant was a supernumerary until December when he was made colonel and commander of the
1431:
1436:
867:, after relinquishing his seat in Parliament. In 1805, he retired from the British army. He died at 86 on 13 April 1806. His estate went to his grandnephew, George Macpherson.
471:
286:
998:
648:
His prediction that Boston was an untenable position was proved correct the following spring. On 17 March 1776, he accompanied the general withdrawal of British troops to
578:
Grant's ventures were ultimately profitable, but numerous efforts failed to produce results. He encouraged new agriculture, setting up trade in the commodities of cotton,
677:, Grant had become Howe's primary planning officer. He developed two plans, each designed to both gain control of territory and to deal a serious or fatal blow to the
1110:
Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-first Century. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007; pp. 882.
836:
In 1780, he was defeated in parliamentary elections. In 1782, he was appointed a lieutenant general. In 1787, he was re-elected to Parliament, this time for
772:
Finally, Grant was shipped off to the West Indies. On 27 October 1778 he led a successful expeditionary force to capture the French West Indian island of
465:
764:
sent Grant with 6,000 men and 15 guns to circle wide to the right and come in behind Lafayette's force, while he attacked in front with 4,000 soldiers.
1011:
The letters are preserved in Treasury 77, the Papers of the East Florida Claims Commission, at the National Archives at Kew, Richmond, Surrey, England.
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1201:
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81:
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1279:
1242:
1208:
1115:
1094:
917:
147:
100:
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detachments on every island would not be wise. Instead, he deployed the West Indies garrisons to cover the major naval bases. He posted the
1375:
1292:
1288:
1252:
702:
628:
By the summer of 1775, Grant returned to active service with the rank of colonel. He was ordered to return to North America. He arrived in
720:
Grant quick-marched his battalion to the Battle of White Plains, but he arrived too late. In 1777, Grant devised the battle plans for the
1355:
291:
1491:
1486:
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1471:
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977:"New Systems, Established Traditions: Governor James Grant's Indian Diplomacy and the Evolution of British Colonial Policy, 1760-1771"
479:
1182:
1139:
1073:
1265:
855:. In 1796, he was appointed a full General and retired from active military services. In 1802, he retired to his estate on the
572:
551:, which ended in the surrender of the city to the British. When the war was over, the regiment was disbanded in America in 1763.
657:
563:, Britain gained control of Florida from the Spanish. They divided it into two colonies, and James Grant was named governor of
1511:
1421:
453:
310:
1501:
934:
1461:
1347:
1218:
871:
1039:
701:, which was the first engagement of the battle. Grant completed his mission, and strongly defeated the American General
413:
58:
1021:
1192:
765:
609:
43:
1451:
1337:
721:
617:
483:
376:
344:
93:
662:
449:
505:
In September, Grant was assigned to lead an advance party of around 800 men to determine the French strength at
240:
1225:
187:
698:
514:
327:
686:
568:
560:
510:
364:
737:
682:
642:
633:
475:
381:
371:
359:
349:
322:
935:"Of Conciliation and Incineration: The Cherokee War and the Remaking of British Imperial Indian Policy"
478:
in the British Thirteen Colonies. In 1758, he led part of the regiment in an expedition led by General
1365:
48:
Portrait of James Grant of Ballindalloch, circa 1770, currently held by the State Archives of Florida.
1416:
1411:
388:
589:
Then, in 1771, illness forced him to return to Scotland. Grant was succeeded as Governor by General
1393:
1383:
1127:
875:
773:
714:
540:
296:
976:
17:
1314:
1157:
Adventures in British America Papers Found in Scottish Castle Shed Light on Revolutionary War Era
957:
525:
445:
332:
315:
482:. On this expedition, he became acquainted with others who would also play larger parts in the
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1135:
1111:
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1069:
913:
710:
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354:
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and 600 Pennsylvania militia. The bulk of his command was formed by a veteran brigade under
741:
678:
532:
421:
1318:
844:
649:
544:
337:
847:, and commanding general of the army in Scotland. In 1791, he was transferred from the
1299:
1235:
594:
491:
140:
128:
776:. A superior French garrison, surrendered on 28 December, at the Battle of La Vigie.
1405:
961:
864:
745:
744:
with 2,200 troops and five guns. His front was picketed by 150 light infantry and 50
590:
506:
433:
276:
208:
1326:
780:
749:
564:
417:
409:
258:
689:. Both of these were British victories, as was the overall campaign, but General
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894:
813:
797:
653:
637:
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860:
856:
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821:
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801:
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536:
440:. He began his military career by purchasing a commission as captain in the
1497:
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies
953:
521:
437:
1175:
General James Grant, Scottish Soldier and Royal Governor of East Florida
895:
Date of birth unclear: Library of Congress states 1722 as year of birth
817:
602:
499:
1467:
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Scottish constituencies
999:"Indigo Cultivation: Life at Governor James Grant's Villa Plantation"
629:
579:
586:. He personally gained and developed several plantations as grants.
673:
As the British tried to gain control of the major port city in the
420:
from 1763 to 1771, and between 1773 and 1802 he had seats in the
548:
498:, among others. He also gained a contempt for the colonial or
1427:
British Army personnel of the War of the Austrian Succession
1087:
Monmouth Courthouse 1778: The last great battle in the North
1066:
George Washington's War: The Saga of the American Revolution
1033:
1031:
1044:
The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1754–1790
713:
units on the right and the main body that was landing at
513:
and French on 14 September 1758. At this engagement, the
1432:
British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War
1038:
Haden-Guest, Edith (1964). L. Namier; J. Brooke (eds.).
740:, on 20 May 1778. Lafayette held the position along the
632:, Massachusetts, on 30 July. In the aftermath of the
567:
in 1764. He moved to the capital of East Florida at
1437:
British Army personnel of the French and Indian War
1040:"GRANT, James (1720–1806), of Ballindalloch, Banff"
520:In 1761, Grant commanded an expedition against the
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34:
593:, brother-in-law of English merchant and planter
412:officer who served as a major general during the
912:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 197–198.
693:avoided the death blow to his troops each time.
444:on 24 October 1744. The regiment was shipped to
1089:. Long Island City, N.Y.: Osprey Publishing.
474:(Montgomerie's Highlanders), fighting in the
27:Major general in the British Army (1720–1806)
8:
1384:11th (the North Devonshire) Regiment of Foot
1022:"English Plantations on the St. Johns River"
608:Back home in Scotland, Grant was elected to
1188:
502:troops that would colour his later views.
466:Great Britain in the French and Indian War
42:
31:
645:. He would hold that command until 1791.
933:Nichols, David Andrew (September 2002).
1134:. Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books.
1132:Encyclopedia of the American Revolution
887:
820:was held by an 800-man garrison of the
734:Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette
432:Grant was born on the family estate of
843:In 1789, he was appointed governor of
1177:; 1993, University Press of Florida,
219:13 April 1806 (aged 85–86)
7:
59:3rd Governor of British East Florida
1356:55th (Westmorland) Regiment of Foot
816:. Meanwhile, the royal dockyard at
732:Grant was unsuccessful in trapping
665:; New York City, and Philadelphia.
616:. In the period leading up to the
470:By 1757, Grant was a major of the
448:and Grant fought with them in the
436:in Banffshire in the Northeast of
25:
18:James Grant (British Army officer)
531:After being briefly stationed at
406:James Grant, 4th of Ballindalloch
71:29 Aug 1764 – 9 May 1771
1266:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1259:Parliament of the United Kingdom
981:The Florida Historical Quarterly
840:. He held the seat until 1802.
728:Philadelphia and the West Indies
535:, his regiment was moved to the
251:
233:
1068:, p.149. Harper Perennial, NY.
1507:55th Regiment of Foot officers
1457:77th Regiment of Foot officers
454:War of the Austrian Succession
311:War of the Austrian Succession
1:
874:and have been copied for the
872:National Archives of Scotland
1442:Devonshire Regiment officers
975:Hill, James L. (Fall 2014).
624:American War of Independence
547:, held by Spanish forces in
414:American War of Independence
1274:Parliament of Great Britain
1193:Parliament of Great Britain
1085:Morrissey, Brendan (2008).
942:Reviews in American History
812:and 1,600 gunners defended
416:. He served as Governor of
1528:
722:Battle of Brandywine Creek
618:American Revolutionary War
484:American Revolutionary War
463:
377:Battle of Brandywine Creek
345:American Revolutionary War
1447:Governors of East Florida
1390:
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906:Stephen Brumwell (2006).
752:and his left was held by
663:Marblehead, Massachusetts
656:. By the summer of 1776,
399:
193:
158:
111:
64:
53:
41:
1394:Hon. Richard FitzPatrick
681:. These resulted in the
241:Kingdom of Great Britain
1064:Leckie, Robert (1993).
863:rivers as the Laird of
515:Battle of Fort Duquesne
328:Battle of Fort Duquesne
870:His papers are at the
687:Battle of White Plains
365:Battle of White Plains
1512:Scottish slave owners
1492:British MPs 1796–1800
1487:British MPs 1790–1796
1482:British MPs 1784–1790
1477:British MPs 1774–1780
1472:British MPs 1768–1774
1422:British Army generals
1202:Hon. Alexander Mackay
954:10.1353/rah.2002.0062
796:and 1,500 gunners at
738:Battle of Barren Hill
643:55th Regiment of Foot
634:Battle of Bunker Hill
612:in 1773 as an MP for
543:. They fought at the
476:French and Indian War
472:77th Regiment of Foot
464:Further information:
460:French and Indian War
382:Battle of Barren Hill
372:Philadelphia campaign
360:Battle of Long Island
350:Battle of Bunker Hill
323:French and Indian War
297:11th Regiment of Foot
292:55th Regiment of Foot
287:77th Regiment of Foot
265:Years of service
176:Hon. Alexander Mackay
1462:Royal Scots officers
1325:Governor of British
1280:Member of Parliament
1243:Member of Parliament
1209:Member of Parliament
1128:Boatner, Mark M. III
1046:. Boydell and Brewer
658:General William Howe
148:Member of Parliament
101:Member of Parliament
1173:Paul David Nelson;
876:Library of Congress
715:Gravesend, Brooklyn
703:William Alexander's
669:Battle for New York
571:and resided in the
555:Governor of Florida
1315:Manuel de Montiano
851:as Colonel to the
683:Battle of Brooklyn
526:Anglo-Cherokee War
450:Battle of Fontenoy
408:(1720–1806) was a
389:Battle of La Vigie
333:Anglo-Cherokee War
316:Battle of Fontenoy
1452:People from Moray
1400:
1399:
1391:Succeeded by
1363:Succeeded by
1334:Succeeded by
1307:Military offices
1297:Succeeded by
1257:Succeeded by
1223:Succeeded by
1116:978-0-313-33536-5
1096:978-1-84176-772-7
919:978-0-521-67538-3
779:On 1 April 1779,
675:New York Campaign
488:George Washington
403:
402:
355:New York Campaign
16:(Redirected from
1519:
1502:UK MPs 1801–1802
1373:Preceded by
1366:Loftus Tottenham
1345:Preceded by
1312:Preceded by
1272:Preceded by
1233:Preceded by
1199:Preceded by
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762:Sir William Howe
742:Schuylkill River
679:Continental Army
573:Governor's House
541:Seven Years' War
533:Fort Ticonderoga
422:House of Commons
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224:Military service
198:Personal details
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1382:Colonel of the
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1319:Spanish Florida
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1168:Further reading
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1146:, pp. 1184–1185
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845:Stirling Castle
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561:Treaty of Paris
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545:Siege of Havana
539:Theatre of the
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338:Siege of Havana
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1317:, Governor of
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1300:William Dundas
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948:(3): 373–380.
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746:Oneida Indians
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595:Francis Levett
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492:Francis Marion
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141:William Dundas
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129:William Wemyss
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1141:0-8117-0578-1
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1074:0-06-092215-X
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1348:Robert Pigot
1327:East Florida
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1226:Charles Ross
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832:Later career
781:Lord Germain
778:
771:
766:Charles Grey
754:James Potter
750:Allen McLane
731:
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699:Red Lion Inn
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672:
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638:General Gage
627:
607:
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565:East Florida
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519:
504:
469:
431:
428:Early career
418:East Florida
410:British Army
405:
404:
304:Battles/wars
259:British Army
188:Charles Ross
183:Succeeded by
160:
136:Succeeded by
113:
89:Succeeded by
66:
29:
1417:1806 deaths
1412:1720 births
1213:Tain Burghs
1101:, pp. 30–32
814:Saint Lucia
798:Saint Kitts
654:Nova Scotia
636:, he urged
614:Tain Burghs
524:during the
496:Hugh Mercer
480:John Forbes
452:during the
442:Royal Scots
299:(1791–1796)
294:(1775–1791)
289:(1757–1763)
171:Preceded by
153:Tain Burghs
124:Preceded by
77:Preceded by
36:James Grant
1406:Categories
1388:1791–1806
1360:1775–1791
1331:1763–1771
1284:Sutherland
1247:Sutherland
987:: 133–166.
882:References
838:Sutherland
758:Enoch Poor
705:division.
691:Washington
610:Parliament
229:Allegiance
211:, Scotland
106:Sutherland
962:144939871
853:11th Foot
826:60th Foot
810:49th Foot
794:55th Foot
774:St. Lucia
736:, at the
584:cochineal
559:With the
537:Caribbean
268:1744–1805
165:1773–1780
161:In office
118:1787–1802
114:In office
67:In office
1130:(1994).
909:Redcoats
522:Cherokee
438:Scotland
283:Commands
1050:18 June
818:Antigua
711:Hessian
650:Halifax
603:Bedford
511:Indians
500:militia
1336:Major
1181:
1138:
1114:
1093:
1072:
960:
916:
808:, and
800:. The
792:, and
748:under
685:, and
630:Boston
580:indigo
494:, and
256:
238:
1251:1787–
1217:1773–
958:S2CID
938:(PDF)
1293:1802
1289:1801
1282:for
1253:1800
1245:for
1219:1780
1211:for
1179:ISBN
1136:ISBN
1112:ISBN
1091:ISBN
1070:ISBN
1052:2014
914:ISBN
861:Spey
859:and
857:Avon
849:55th
824:and
822:40th
806:35th
802:27th
790:28th
786:15th
549:Cuba
273:Rank
216:Died
206:1720
203:Born
151:for
104:for
950:doi
1408::
1291:–
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1030:^
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20:)
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