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348:, again started from Cannanore to join the main army. He reached the camp on 16 February 1792, and on 22 February took part in defeating a sortie specially directed against Abercromby's position on the north side of the fortress. Peace was concluded on 25 Feb., and Hartley, in recognition of his local knowledge, was made commander of the forces in the south-west provinces ceded by Tippoo.
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At daybreak on 12 Jan. the
Mahrattas assailed the retreating army in strong force. The main energy of their attack was directed on the rear. The sepoys were thoroughly demoralized, and it was only by means of a personal address from Hartley that they were hindered from wholesale desertions. But, in
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As the main body was at
Seedapore, eight miles off, the advanced line was compelled for six hours to maintain itself against overwhelming numbers. At last Stuart came up with reinforcements, and Tippoo's army retreated. This victory rendered possible the investment of Seringapatam from the western
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Hartley continued to act as military commandant in the Konkan when a despatch arrived from London acknowledging his services but declaring his recent promotion as lieutenant-colonel invalid. His further promotion and pay as a lieutenant-colonel were to be suspended till those who were his seniors
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was assailed by a division of the Mysore army. Hartley had gone forward early in the morning to reconnaitre. He was thus the first to perceive the serious nature of the attack, and, after sending a message to
General Stuart, remained himself with the beleaguered battalions.
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On his arrival at Bombay in the spring of 1779, Hartley was universally regarded as having saved the
British army from annihilation. He was raised to the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and was appointed to the command of the European infantry on the Bombay establishment.
251:). Hartley, with about two thousand men, was directed to maintain a position on the east, and so prevent the Mahrattas from raising the siege. On 10 December, a determined attack was made on Hartley's entrenchments at
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In May 1796 he was made a major-general, and appointed to the staff in India. He returned to Bombay in 1797. In addition to his military rank he was now made a supervisor and magistrate for the
Province of Malabar.
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325:, and partly in watching any movement of Tippoo's troops to the south-west. On 10 Dec. be inflicted a crushing defeat on vastly superior forces under Hussein Ali, Tippoo's general, at
186:, and determined on a retreat. Hartley strongly resisted this proposal, but was overruled, and the retreat began on 11 Jan. Hartley's reserve was directed to form the rear guard.
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spite of the condition of his own men and the superior numbers of the enemy, Hartley sustained the conflict with such skill that the army was able to make good its entry into
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in strong force from east and west. The Bombay Army under
General Stuart, with whom Hartley was associated as second in command, mustered at
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240:, a central point of the mountain-chain, exactly opposite Bombay, was strongly guarded, and the Konkan effectually secured to the British.
160:. Hartley had been offered the post of quartermaster general to the army, but he preferred to take his place at the head of his battalion.
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by twenty thousand
Mahrattas. After a severe conflict, the assailants were repulsed and the garrison of Bassein surrendered.
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in
November 1772, and in July 1774 he was raised to the rank of captain, and received the command of the fourth battalion of
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Thereupon, Hartley quit the army, deeply hurt, and in
December 1781 started for England to lay his case before the
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He then returned to resume his civil duties in
Malabar, but died after a very short illness on 4 October 1799, at
225:, i.e. the district between the Western Ghauts and the sea, from which the Bombay government drew their supplies.
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on 18 February ensuing. On 8 May, however, he was recalled to Bombay, and entrusted with the duty of securing the
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to the northeast of Bombay. On 1 October another attack of the enemy from the same direction was crushed at
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He, however, continued his march, and occupied himself partly in collecting supplies for the main army at
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Note: The above source sometimes uses an obsolete transliteration for Indian personal and place names.
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On 24 May he defeated and dispersed a party of Mahrattas who had besieged the fortified post of
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On 4 January 1779, Captain Stewart, a man of conspicuous gallantry, was killed in a skirmish at
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368:. In March 1794 he was promoted to the rank of colonel, and returned for a time to England.
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Three years later hostilities were resumed. The Bombay government now sent an army to the
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in 1793, Hartley held command of the expedition which captured the French settlement of
314:, an important fortress dominating the pass which leads through the western Ghauts into
182:, the civil commissioner with the army, became alarmed at the increasing numbers of the
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in 1764, being nineteen years old. In 1765 he took part in expeditions against the
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In December 1779, Hartley was sent with a small detachment to act under Colonel
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By 1768 he had reached the rank of lieutenant, and in October 1770 he was made
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side. Hartley was present at the storming of Tippoo's capital on 5 May 1799.
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In April 1788 Hartley returned to India with his regiment, and was appointed
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In 1799 war again broke out with Tippoo, and it was determined to attack
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On 5 March the advance force of three sepoy battalions under Colonel
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437: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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On 9 Jan. the British army continued their march, and reached
34:. His employment was mainly in the company's wars against the
113:. In February 1775 he was sent to co-operate with Colonel
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British military personnel of the First Anglo-Maratha War
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The significant part of Hartley's career begins with the
156:, where they were joined by the main army under Colonel
30:(1745–1799) was a British officer in the service of the
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of the Bombay Army and a member of the military board.
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In November Goddard, in deference to the wishes of the
152:under Captain Stewart first took possession of the
129:put an end to the war in the following August (see
275:, who gave him the lieutenant-colonelcy of the
259:Check to Hartley's career, Royal intervention
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62:Hartley entered the military service of the
453:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
310:. In May Hartley received orders to invest
217:. He led the storming party which captured
54:James Hartley was born in England in 1745.
396:on the nearest road for Tippoo's capital.
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487:British East India Company Army generals
306:to aid the company's ally, the Rajah of
247:, embarked on the siege of Bassein (now
194:. Hartley in vain protested against the
148:. An advanced party of six companies of
290:In the war with Tipu Sultan of Mysore
202:, were allowed to retire unmolested.
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392:and set out across the mountains of
332:In January 1791 Hartley advanced to
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18:James Hartley (Indian Army officer)
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294:On the 1790 outbreak of war with
264:should have been first promoted.
58:Start of military career in India
450:Dictionary of National Biography
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105:In the First Anglo-Maratha War
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376:Resumed war with Tipu Sultan
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123:British East India Company
131:Treaty of Purandar (1776)
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284:Quartermaster General
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50:Early life
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405:Seedaseer
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