871:
1053:
Edinburgh portion due to different models copied). According to Blair's description of the collection, "Two major sections were lost after division: thirty-five folios (73-107) covering the life of
Muhammad up to the caliphate of Hisham, and thirty folios (291–48) going from the end of the Khwarazmshahs to the middle of the section on China. The latter may have been lost accidentally, but the former block may have been jettisoned deliberately because it had no illustrations. The folios about the life of the Prophet were further jumbled, and four were lost. The final three folios (301–303) covering the end of the section on the Jews were also lost, perhaps accidentally, but judging from the comparable section in MS.H 1653, they had no illustrations and may also have been discarded."
1123:
833:. Rashid al-Din was, of course, a very busy man, with his public life and would have employed assistants to handle the materials assembled and to write the first draft: Abu'l Qasim may have been one of them. Furthermore, not all of the work is original: for instance, the section on the period following the death of Genghis Khan in particular is directly borrowed from Juvayni. Other questions concern the objectivity of the author and his point of view: it is after all an official history, concerning events with which Rashid al-Din in his political capacity was often involved at first hand (for the history of the Ilkhanate in particular). Nonetheless, the work "is characterized by a matter-of-fact tone and a refreshing absence of sycophantic flattery."
792:
701:
1027:
804:.The illustrations in this version of the text are made up of direct copies of illustrations from MS H 1653 and emulate illustrations from the Arabic Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh. The manuscript was left unfinished by the Ilkhanids after the inscription's completion in 1317, with only seven illustrations having been added to the beginning and other pages having blank spaces left for illustrations. A selection of the illustrations would be completed at the end of the fourteenth century. MS H 1654 later came into the ownership, along with the Arabic and other Persian versions, of the Timurid ruler
1065:. It includes twenty illustrations, plus fifteen pages with portraits of the emperors of China. The text covers the history of Islam, the end of China's history, the history of India, and a fragment from the history of the Jews. The work of the Painter of Luhrasp and Master of Alp Arslan is again evident. Some differences in style can be observed, but these can be attributed to the difference in date. A new painter appears for the portraits of Chinese leaders, which uses special techniques that seem to mimic those of
38:
1083:
862:(MSS 727, 59 folios), although some researchers argue for these being from two different copies. Both sections come from the second volume, with the pages interwoven. The Edinburgh part covers some of the earlier history up through a section about Muhammad, and then this story is continued in the Khalili portion, with further narratives weaving back and forth between the two collections, ending with the final section also being in the Edinburgh collection.
992:: a somewhat careless painter, as becomes evident when the number of arms does not match the number of characters, or a leg is missing among the horses. He is notable for a complete lack of focus and horror, and for strong symmetry, his compositions usually comprising two parties face to face composed of a leader and two or three followers. Decoration is limited to grass, indicated in small vegetative clumps, except during sieges and attacks on the city.
1206:
589:(r. 1556–1605). There is then a record of it passing through the hands of later Mughal emperors for the next few centuries. It was probably divided into two parts in the mid-1700s, though both sections remained in India until the 19th century, when they were acquired by the British. The portion now in the Edinburgh library was presented as a gift to Ali-I Ahmad Araf Sahib on October 8, 1761, and in 1800 was in the library of the Indian prince
981:: characterized by a variety of subjects, including many throne scenes, a variable and eclectic style, quite severe and angular drapery, a variety of movements, stripped and empty backgrounds. His absence of interest in landscape painting shows a lack of Chinese influences, which is compensated for by inspiration from Arab, Syrian and Mesopotamian painting. His work is of variable quality, and uses silver systematically. His assistant: the
485:
242:
964:: the most influenced by China (reflected in Chinese elements, such as trees, interest in the landscape, interest in contemplative characters). The work is characterized by open drawing, minimal modelling, linear drapery, extensive details, stripped and balanced compositions, delicate and pale colours, and a rare use of silver. He painted mostly the early miniatures, and may have been assisted by the
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1192:
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950:. Like other early Ilkhanid miniatures, these differ from the relatively few surviving earlier Islamic book illustrations in having coherent landscape backgrounds in the many scenes set outside, rather than isolated elements of plants or rocks. Architectural settings are sometimes given a sense of depth by different layers being shown and the use of a three-quarters view.
147:
870:
1173:), dated to about 1430, with 113 miniatures. Most of the miniatures for these volumes copy the horizontal format and other features of the Ilkhanid manuscripts, while retaining other features of Timurid style in costume, colouring and composition, using what is sometimes known as the "Historical style".
1052:
has described it as one of his two favourite objects out of the 35,000 he has collected. It is a different section of the
History than that of the Edinburgh version, possibly from a different copy. Each page measures 43.5 by 30 centimetres (17.1 by 11.8 in) (slightly different dimensions to the
730:
techniques; most notably, the use of dark outlines and transparent washes, in contrast to the opaque watercolor style which would later become characteristic of
Persian painting. The rendition of the landscape echoes conventions of Chinese painting under the Yuan dynasty, as seen in handscrolls and
845:
was the center of an industry for a time, no doubt in part due to the political importance of its author. The workshop was ordered to produce one manuscript each in Arabic and
Persian every year, which were to be distributed to different cities. Although approximately 20 of the first generation of
185:
history, as a way of establishing their cultural legacy. The lavish illustrations and calligraphy required the efforts of hundreds of scribes and artists, with the intent that two new copies (one in
Persian, and one in Arabic) would be created each year and distributed to schools and cities around
518:
was one of the grandest projects of the
Ilkhanate period, "not just a lavishly illustrated book, but a vehicle to justify Mongol hegemony over Iran". The text was initially commissioned by Il-Khan Ghazan, who was anxious for the Mongols to retain a memory of their nomadic roots, now that they had
890:
calligraphy. There are some omissions: folios 1, 2, 70 to 170, and the end; and it is dated to 1306–1307, in a later inscription, which is nonetheless accepted. The text comprises four parts: the history of Persia and pre-Islamic Arabia, the story of
Muhammad and the Caliphs, the history of the
713:
and the medium of the numerous Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh manuscripts vary slightly, with most of the miniatures being made using ink, watercolor, and occasionally silver. The images within, designed to correspond to its texts, depict historical and religious events, courtly scenes, and authority figures
549:
After Rashid al-Din's execution in 1318, the Rab-i-Rashidi precinct was plundered, but the in-process copy that was being created at the time survived, probably somewhere in the city of Tabriz, possibly in the library of Rashid's son, Ghiyath al-Din. Later, Rashid's son became Vizier, in his own
926:
The miniatures have an unusual horizontal format and only take up about a third of the written area; this may reflect the influence of
Chinese scrolls. Some parts of the surviving text are heavily illustrated and other parts not at all, apparently reflecting the importance accorded to them. The
472:, which attracted scholars and students from Egypt and Syria to China, and which published his many works. He was also a prolific author, though few of his works have survived: only a few theological writings and a correspondence which is probably apocryphal are known today in addition to the
811:
While increasingly simplified, the illustrations from the MS H 1654 are significant in that they display an increase in production under
Ilkhanid and Timurid workshops and help modern scholars fill in the gaps from fragmentary manuscripts made earlier that cover non-Islamic histories. Mongol,
820:
There is little reason to doubt Rashid al-Din's editorial authorship but the work is generally considered a collective effort. It may also be possible that it was compiled by a group of international scholars under his leadership. Yet, a number of questions remain about the writing of the
2894:
1156:
to complete it. The earliest dated manuscript made for
Shahrukh includes the original text and additions by Hafiz-i Abru, along with other histories, and is dated 1415–16 (Topkapi Palace Library, MS B 282). The Topkapi MS H 1653, discussed above, combines an incomplete Ilkhanid
206:. Approximately 20 illustrated copies were made of the work during Rashid al-Din's lifetime, but only a few portions remain, and the complete text has not survived. The oldest known copy is an Arabic version, of which half has been lost, but one set of pages is currently in the
690:
For China, the author knew the translation of four Chinese manuscripts: three on medicine and one on administration. Furthermore, it is known that he enjoyed calligraphy, painting and Chinese music. The links with this world were made all the easier because Mongols also ruled
735:
influence in the elongation and gesture of the figures. Illustrators of the Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh likely used Byzantine illustrations as references for some of the scenes depicted in the first section of the non-Mongol history of the world, about Adam and the patriarchs.
795:
An illustration from the Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh of Rashid al-Din located in the Khalili collections depicting Jacob (fourth from left), his three sons, and his two wives. The composition may have been based on an old testament illustration of Abraham and three
931:
washes added, a technique also used in China; although they are generally in good condition, there was considerable use of metallic silver for highlights, which has now oxidized to black. Borrowings from Christian art can also be seen; for example the
708:
Much of the illustration for the various copies of the Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh was done at the Rab-al Rashidi university complex, though they were also done elsewhere in the Mongol empire. The illustrations in this text are part of the artistic tradition of
2965:
718:’s mandate for an Arabic and Persian version of the text to be produced every year there was an adopted standard style for the illustrations, giving characters Mongol countenance and dress, that made the differentiation between key figures difficult.
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922:
at the time of its production. In this capital, a crossroads of trade routes and influences, and a place of great religious tolerance, Christian, Chinese, Buddhist and other models of painting all arrived to feed the inspiration of the artists.
1006:
Just as distinguishable are different racial and ethnic types, made manifest not just in the physical attributes of the characters, but also their clothes and their hats. One can thus distinguish a remarkably well observed group of
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mural painters (according to S. Blair): an attention to line and wash, and the use of black and bright red. This artist seems to be very familiar with China. The folios are dated 1314, and it was transcribed and illustrated in
605:
of the East India Company sometime prior to 1813. At some point during the next two decades it was brought to England, probably when Harriott came home on furlough, when the manuscript entered the collection of Major General
1056:
The manuscript was brought to Western attention by William Morley, who discovered it in 1841 while he was cataloguing the collection of the Royal Asiatic Society in London. For some time this collection was displayed in the
2869:
467:
Hamdani was responsible for setting up a stable social and economic system in Iran after the destruction of the Mongol invasions, and was an important artistic and architectural patron. He expanded the university at
2700:
2839:
2747:
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222:. The early illustrated manuscripts together represent "one of the most important surviving examples of Ilkhanid art in any medium", and are the largest surviving body of early examples of the
2751:
1113:
MS H 1654, made in 1317, which includes 118 illustrations, including 21 pages of portraits of Chinese emperors. It was copied for Rashid al-Din, and like H 1653 was later owned by Shahrukh.
846:
manuscripts were produced, very few survive, which are described below. Other later copies were made from the first set, with some illustrations and history added to match current events.
1170:
2881:
181:
The surviving portions total approximately 400 pages of the original work. The work describes cultures and major events in world history from China to Europe; in addition, it covers
254:
170:(1247–1318 AD) at the start of the 14th century, the breadth of coverage of the work has caused it to be called "the first world history". It was in three volumes and published in
618:, where it was purchased by the Rashidiyyah Foundation in Geneva for £850,000, the highest price ever paid for a medieval manuscript. The Khalili Collection acquired it in 1990.
519:
become settled and adopted Persian customs. Initially, the work was intended only to set out the history of the Mongols and their predecessors on the steppes, and took the name
2901:
2292:
704:
An illustration from the Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh of Rashid al-Din located in the Khalili collections depicting the Bodhi tree (far right) where the Buddha achieved enlightenment.
2392:
611:
2355:
800:
Hazine 1654 (MS H 1654), a fragmentary piece of the second volume of the Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh is the most complete surviving example of the Persian transcriptions made in
2308:
2810:
2755:
2877:
410:("Five genealogies, of the Arabs, Jews, Mongols, Franks, and Chinese"). This text exists in two copies of the manuscript in the library of the Topkapı Palace in
1122:
546:
asked Rashid al-Din to extend the work, and write a history of the whole of the known world. This text was finally completed in sometime between 1306 and 1311.
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2743:
2735:
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1234:
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1454:
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3039:
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2385:
791:
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2913:
2889:
2129:
2036:
1931:
1902:
1534:
1409:
886:
The Edinburgh part has a page size of 41.5 × 34.2 cm, with a written area of 37 × 25 cm, and contains 35 lines per page written in
768:. These portions of the Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh cover most of the history of Muhammad and the Caliphate, plus the post-caliphate dynasties of the
2707:
607:
2917:
2639:
456:. He retained his position until 1316, experiencing three successive reigns, but, convicted of having poisoned the second of these three
3024:
501:
700:
210:, comprising 59 folios from the second volume of the work. Another set of pages, with 151 folios from the same volume, is owned by the
3054:
2770:
915:
854:
The earliest known copy is in Arabic, dated to the early 1300s. Only portions of it have survived, divided into two parts between the
812:
Shahrukh, and Timurid styles are exemplified among these depictions of Ughuz Turks and Chinese, Jewish, Frankish, and Indian history.
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2378:
2155:
2121:
2086:
2072:
2054:
2022:
2003:
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1034:
1026:
859:
297:
207:
151:
448:, in that capacity. He converted to Islam around the age of thirty. He rapidly gained political importance, and in 1304 became the
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approaching at the left there is a file of three women. The section includes the earliest extended cycle of illustrations of the
3059:
2803:
2519:
1371:
3044:
911:, who found it among the papers of Colonel John Baillie, so this section is sometimes referred to as "Baillie's collection".
2100:. Freer Gallery of Art, The Smithsonian Institution and Department of the History of Art, University of Michigan: 163–175.
1721:"The Topkapı Manuscript of the Jāmiʿ al-Tawārikh (Hazine 1654) from Rashidiya to the Ottoman Court: A Preliminary Analysis"
1182:
1002:
appears briefly, at the end of the manuscript. His style is crude and unbalanced, his characters often badly proportioned.
2846:
1044:, where it is referred to as MSS 727, contains 59 folios, 35 of them illustrated. Until sold in 1980 it was owned by the
2543:
1015:
757:
211:
3034:
2688:
2512:
2092:
Inal, Guner (1963). "Some miniatures of the 'Jami' al-Tavrikh' in Istanbul, Topkapi Museum, Hazine Library No. 1654".
1145:
749:
2219:
Kamola, Stefan (2 January 2020). "A Sensational and Unique Novelty: The Reception of Rashid al-Din's World History".
2340:
2147:
2046:
1792:
2828:
288:
2180:
Hillenbrand, Carole; Hillenbrand, Robert (2018). "Ancient Iranian Kings in the World History of Rashid Al-Din".
938:
908:
2784:
1804:
Today only two early-fourteenth-century Persian copies of the Compendium and part of one Arabic copy survive.
2695:
2620:
2165:
1923:
855:
37:
2326:
1229:
947:
715:
431:
246:
167:
59:
47:
2817:
2014:
1970:
1816:
1544:
1045:
602:
2763:
2669:
2316:
2006:(contains a complete set of the folios from Khalili collection, with discussion of the work as a whole)
3049:
2632:
2493:
2488:
2064:
1720:
826:
660:
594:
359:
2535:
2451:
2366:
Illustrations in the 1305-14 Jami‛ al-Tawarikh by Rashid al-Din. Edinburgh Or 20 & Khalili 727.
1011:, Western-style figures based on Syrian Christian manuscripts, Chinese, Mongols, Arabs, and so on.
960:
203:
1082:
642:, Rashid al-din based his work on many written and oral sources, some of which can be identified:
590:
3029:
2986:
2942:
2935:
2410:
2302:
2236:
2207:
2101:
1985:
1748:
1605:
1499:
1219:
1136:
Interest in the work continued after the Ilkhans were replaced as Persia's ruling dynasty by the
1008:
777:
761:
601:, and then in 1876 passed to the Edinburgh University Library. The other portion was acquired by
598:
2798:
2287:
1148:, who ruled the eastern portion of the empire from 1405 to 1447, owned incomplete copies of the
614:
in 1841. In 1948, it was loaned to the British Museum and Library, and in 1980 was auctioned at
2864:
2777:
2730:
2681:
2657:
2151:
2125:
2117:
2114:
How land came into the picture: Rendering history in the fourteenth-century "Jami al-Tawarikh"
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2068:
2050:
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2018:
1999:
1927:
1898:
1740:
1673:
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1530:
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1058:
801:
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528:
469:
390:
344:
340:
336:
223:
215:
2133:
967:
2991:
2483:
2466:
2443:
2261:
2228:
2197:
2189:
1732:
1589:
1522:
1483:
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727:
397:
372:
175:
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1557:
1518:
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678:
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497:
323:
306:
1578:"Images of the Peoples of the World Encountered by the Mongols in the Jamiʿ al-tawarikh"
1323:
1126:
Folio from the Jami' al-Tawarikh. Jonah and the Whale. (Compendium of Chronicles) Iran,
484:
421:, a geographical compendium. Unfortunately, it has not survived in any known manuscript.
2996:
1825:
Mahmud ibn Sebuktegin attacks the rebel fortress (Arg) of Zarang in Sijistan in 1003 AD
1099:
1062:
1049:
887:
785:
773:
651:
626:
527:. To compile the History, Rashid al-Din set up an entire precinct at the university of
377:
366:
291:
from the time of Creation, following the organization of work of the Abbasid historian
2336:
1784:
1691:
Terry, Allen (1985). "Byzantize Sources for the Jāmi' al-Tāwarīkh of Ra shīd Al-Dīn".
1649:
1624:
1375:
3018:
2401:
2240:
2211:
2079:
The 'World history' of Rashid al-Din: A study of the Royal Asiatic Society manuscript
1752:
1609:
1503:
1091:
943:
781:
732:
655:
582:
182:
2360:
557:
s compositions were used as models for the later seminal illustrated version of the
543:
461:
241:
2423:
2418:
2250:"Legitimising the Khan: Rashid al-Din's Ideological Project from a Literary Aspect"
1577:
1471:
1153:
1066:
808:, whose royal library both refurbished and added illustrations to the Hazine 1654.
684:
550:
right, and expanded the restored university precinct of his father. Several of the
476:. His immense wealth made it said of him that he was the best paid author in Iran.
457:
386:
273:
195:
2350:
2266:
2249:
2232:
2193:
1996:
A compendium of chronicles : Rashid al-Din’s illustrated history of the world
1736:
1593:
1487:
615:
3002:
1224:
1197:
1087:
928:
191:
17:
2139:
1187:
998:
892:
875:
769:
753:
621:
445:
441:
382:
351:
1857:"The World History of Rashid al-Din, 1314. A Masterpiece of Islamic Painting"
1744:
1677:
1601:
1495:
214:. Two Persian copies from the first generation of manuscripts survive in the
1920:
A compendium of chronicles: Rashid al-Din's illustrated history of the world
805:
666:
559:
292:
187:
163:
122:
2580:
2370:
146:
687:, through the ambassador of the Great Khan to the court of the Il-Khanate.
2558:
1137:
1103:
904:
874:
Folio from the Edinburgh collection, showing a miniature painting of the
411:
355:
332:
328:
219:
199:
2470:
2202:
2105:
1989:
977:
896:
744:
Hazine 1653 (MS H 1653), made in 1314, includes later additions on the
437:
1472:"Illustrating History: Rashid al-Din and his Compendium of Chronicles"
2613:
2595:
2504:
1667:
1071:
919:
900:
879:
536:
532:
489:
453:
449:
269:
The Mongol and Turkish tribes: their history, genealogies and legends
171:
2361:
Devatasutra in the Arabic Compendium of Chronicles of Rashid al-Din
1141:
1121:
1081:
1025:
790:
765:
699:
620:
586:
574:
493:
483:
444:, he studied medicine and joined the court of the Ilkhan emperor,
240:
145:
2333:, January 1981, describing the copy now in the Khalili collection
539:, hospital, library, and classrooms, employing over 300 workers.
1110:
MS H 1653, made in 1314, containing 68 Ilkhanid-style paintings.
316:
27:
Work of literature and history, produced in the Mongol Ilkhanate
2508:
2374:
918:
adorn the manuscript, which reflect the cosmopolitan nature of
2162:
The composition of the history of the Mongols by Rashid al-din
1669:
The arts of Islam : treasures from the Khalili Collection
1650:"Folios from the Jami' al-tavarikh (Compendium of Chronicles)"
1166:
284:
The history of the reign of Öljaitü up to 1310 (no known copy)
907:. This part of the manuscript was discovered in the 1800s by
1978:
Byzantine Sources for the Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh of Rashīd Al-Dīn
1402:
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture
1014:
The Edinburgh folios were displayed at an exhibition at the
731:
woodblock illustration. The illustrations also reflect late
162:
is a work of literature and history, produced in the Mongol
1922:. Nour Foundation in association with Azimuth Editions and
953:
Rice distinguished four major painters and two assistants:
2356:
Khalili Collection: The Jami‘ al-Tawarikh of Rashid al-Din
1098:
There are two early 14th century copies in Persian in the
2254:
Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies
2182:
Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies
1517:
Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila S., eds. (2009-01-01).
1817:"Medieval Catapult Illustrated in the Jami' al-Tawarikh"
1519:"The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture"
788:. MS H 1653 contains 68 paintings in the Ilkhanid style.
585:
in India, where it was in the possession of the emperor
2286:
Elliot, H. M. (Henry Miers), Sir; Dowson, John (1871).
1897:. London: Penguin Random House. pp. 160–161, 242.
1648:
Carboni and Qamar, Stefano and Adamjee (October 2003).
752:. The full collection, known as the Majmu'ah, contains
2043:
Mostly Miniatures: An Introduction to Persian Painting
1161:
with Timurid additions, which are dated 1425. Another
664:"History of the World-Conqueror". Also from Iran, the
238:
consists of four main sections of different lengths:
3065:
Chronicles containing universal histories in Persian
2902:
The Wonders of Creatures and the Marvels of Creation
683:
For the Mongols, it seems that he had access to the
414:(ms 2937), but has only been published on microfilm.
287:
The history of the non-Mongol peoples of Eurasia (a
2979:
2952:
2927:
2856:
2722:
2649:
2605:
2587:
2574:
2551:
2542:
2465:
2442:
2409:
2293:
The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians
1094:, a Seljuk vizier, in 1092, from Topkapi MS H 1653.
714:spanning nationalities and ethnicities. Because of
136:
128:
117:
107:
99:
91:
83:
75:
65:
55:
936:adapts the standard Byzantine composition for the
542:After the death of Ghazan in 1304, his successor
1623:Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica (2010-05-25).
1465:
1463:
726:Elements of the illustrations are influenced by
50:, BnF. MS. Supplément Persan 1113. 1430–1434 AD.
1895:The Art of Peace: Eight collections, one vision
535:. It contained multiple buildings, including a
2520:
2386:
2346:Edinburgh pages in an exhibition at Cambridge
983:Master of Scenes from the Life of the Prophet
8:
2307:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1235:List of most expensive books and manuscripts
573:In the 15th century, the Arabic copy was in
30:
2011:The Art and Architecture of Islam 1250–1800
1269:
440:, Iran into a Jewish family. The son of an
436:Rashid-al-Din Hamadani was born in 1247 at
266:, the most extensive part, which includes:
245:Equestrian battle in front of a city gate.
2548:
2527:
2513:
2505:
2393:
2379:
2371:
2317:"Propaganda in the Mongol ‘World History’"
1372:"Ilkhanid Structures Discovered in Tabriz"
1317:
1315:
36:
29:
2288:"10. Jámi'u-t Tawáríkh, of Rashid-al-Din"
2265:
2201:
760:'s chronicle, the Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh, and
646:From Iran, it is very similar to work by
577:, perhaps claimed after a victory by the
2144:The illustrations to the “World History”
1672:. The Overlook Press. pp. 156–164.
1074:under the supervision of Rashid al-Din.
869:
593:. This fragment was acquired by Colonel
2351:Online scan of the Edinburgh manuscript
1302:
1246:
675:Chronicle of the Popes and the Emperors
2835:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
2300:
1553:
1542:
1090:(left, in white turban) fatally stabs
654:historian who wrote an account of the
305:and to the historic Muslim history of
140:Approximately 400 (surviving portions)
2961:The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries
2890:The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries
1879:
1877:
1719:Ghiasian, Mohamad Reza (2018-05-04).
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1661:
1659:
1576:Ghiasian, Mohamad Reza (2019-01-02).
1571:
1569:
1567:
1432:
1430:
1395:
1393:
1152:and commissioned his court historian
581:. It then passed to the court of the
7:
2708:Book of the Ten Treatises of the Eye
1625:"JĀMEʿ al-TAWĀRIḴ ii. Illustrations"
1527:10.1093/acref/9780195309911.001.0001
1016:University of Edinburgh Main Library
903:, and the history of the sultans of
464:, he was executed on July 13, 1318.
1785:"Folios from the Jami' al-tavarikh"
1265:
1257:
150:Mountains between India and China,
25:
2434:The Secret History of the Mongols
2337:Folios from the Jami' al-tavarikh
2325:Paul Lunde and Rosalind Mazzawi,
1042:Khalili Collection of Islamic Art
1035:Khalili Collection of Islamic Art
927:miniatures are ink drawings with
860:Khalili Collection of Islamic Art
523:, which makes up one part of the
350:the Islamic dynasties of Persia (
298:History of the Prophets and Kings
208:Khalili Collection of Islamic Art
152:Khalili Collection of Islamic Art
2295:. The Muhammadan Period (Vol 3.)
2116:(Dissertation), 2008, ProQuest,
1204:
1190:
1031:Buddha offers fruit to the devil
502:Bibliothèque nationale de France
276:up to the death of Mahmud Ghazan
272:The history of the Mongols from
3040:Islamic illuminated manuscripts
2319:, 2010 Aspects of Art Lecture,
858:(Or Ms 20, 151 folios) and the
610:. He then bequeathed it to the
2031:, 1993, British Museum Press,
1946:Blair. pp. 27–28, and note 35.
1855:Smith, Emma; Skeldon, Steven.
1836:Blair and Bloom, 28; Canby, 31
1118:Later versions and manuscripts
829:, claimed to have written the
629:, from Topkapi MS H 1653, 1314
452:of emperor and Muslim convert
1:
2811:Risālat al-Ṣūfī fī al-kawākib
2267:10.1080/05786967.2021.1889929
2233:10.1080/05786967.2018.1544836
2194:10.1080/05786967.2018.1426190
1984:, Vol. 15, pp. 121–136,
1955:Blair and Bloom, 58 and notes
1737:10.1080/00210862.2018.1428085
1594:10.1080/05786967.2019.1578542
1488:10.1080/00210862.2016.1268376
1404:. Lorenz Books. p. 158.
1183:Secret History of the Mongols
1127:
505:
385:(i.e., Europe, primarily the
1699:: 121–136 – via JSTOR.
1470:Blair, Sheila (2017-02-13).
758:Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari
212:Edinburgh University Library
2579:Earliest known illuminated
2339:, Timeline of Art History,
2297:. London: Trübner & Co.
1973:, Brill, 1960 (2nd edition)
990:Master of the Battle Scenes
3081:
3025:14th-century history books
2640:The Speech of Wild Animals
2341:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2148:Edinburgh University Press
2047:Princeton University Press
1969:"Rashid al-Din Tabib", in
1793:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1284:, also "Universal History"
504:, Supplément persan 1113,
429:
281:The second part includes:
3055:History books about India
1048:in London. The collector
103:Various (modern editions)
35:
2248:Mirahmadi, Sara (2021).
1861:libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk
1358:Compendium of Chronicles
1279:Compendium of Chronicles
837:Contemporary manuscripts
825:Several others, such as
360:Isma'ili state of Alamut
3060:Historiography of India
2696:The Book of Fixed Stars
2621:The Book of Fixed Stars
2166:Central Asiatic Journal
2009:S. Blair and J. Bloom,
1924:Oxford University Press
1893:Khalili, David (2023).
1789:Timeline of Art History
856:University of Edinburgh
740:Hazines 1653 & 1654
301:, often referred to as
2327:A History of the World
1918:Blair, Sheila (1995).
1552:Cite journal requires
1230:Depictions of Muhammad
1171:Supplément persan 1113
1133:
1095:
1037:
883:
878:besieging the city of
827:Abu’l Qasim al-Kashani
797:
705:
630:
511:
432:Rashid-al-Din Hamadani
258:
168:Rashid al-Din Hamadani
154:
87:History, World History
60:Rashid al-Din Hamadani
48:Rashid-al-Din Hamadani
3045:Illuminated histories
2818:Hadith Bayad wa Riyad
2771:Kitāb naʿt al-ḥayawān
2315:Hillenbrand, Robert,
2015:Yale University Press
1971:Encyclopedia of Islam
1666:Rogers, J.M. (2010).
1374:. CHN. Archived from
1330:. Columbia University
1258:جَامِعْ اَلتَوَارِيخُ
1125:
1085:
1046:Royal Asiatic Society
1029:
942:, but instead of the
873:
794:
703:
624:
612:Royal Asiatic Society
603:John Staples Harriott
487:
244:
149:
2847:Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
2633:Timbuktu Manuscripts
2494:The Complete History
2489:Tarikh-i Jahangushay
1400:Carey, Moya (2010).
1328:Encyclopædia Iranica
914:Seventy rectangular
816:Questions about work
722:Stylistic Influences
661:Tārīkh-i Jahāngushāy
595:John Baillie of Leys
303:at-Tabari's History,
42:Mongol soldiers, in
2565:Letters by Muhammad
2452:Shengwu qinzheng lu
2168:, 1962, pp 60 – 72.
1845:Min Yong Cho, 12-18
1378:on 13 February 2012
1322:Melville, Charles.
1078:Persian manuscripts
1040:The portion in the
488:"The conversion of
204:Indian subcontinent
66:Original title
32:
3035:Persian literature
2987:Arabic calligraphy
2943:Galland Manuscript
2936:Bijapur Collection
2536:Arabic manuscripts
2331:Saudi Aramco World
2146:of Rashid al-Din,
2027:Canby, Sheila R.,
1765:Carey, pp. 158–159
1455:Fitzwilliam Museum
1424:Blair and Bloom, 3
1370:Sadigh, Soudabeh.
1324:"JĀMEʿ AL-TAWĀRIḴ"
1220:Persian literature
1134:
1096:
1038:
884:
850:Arabic manuscripts
823:Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh.
798:
762:Nizam al-Din Shami
711:Persian miniatures
706:
631:
599:East India Company
531:in the capital of
512:
408:Shu'ab-i panjganah
345:Fatimid Caliphates
319:and the patriarchs
259:
155:
113:Early 14th century
31:Jami' al-tawarikh
3012:
3011:
2975:
2974:
2909:Jami' al-tawarikh
2865:Maqamat al-Hariri
2778:De materia medica
2731:Maqamat al-Hariri
2714:MS Huntington 264
2682:De materia medica
2658:Maqamat al-Hariri
2502:
2501:
2479:Jami' al-tawarikh
2130:978-0-549-98080-3
2037:978-0-7141-1459-0
1933:978-0-19-727627-3
1904:978-1-52991-818-2
1629:iranicaonline.org
1536:978-0-19-530991-1
1436:Blair. pp. 31–32.
1411:978-0-7548-2087-1
1212:Literature portal
1150:Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh
1144:'s youngest son,
939:Nativity of Jesus
934:Birth of Muhammad
843:Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh
831:universal history
648:Ata-Malik Juvayni
640:Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh
525:Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh
521:Taʾrīkh-ī Ghazānī
516:Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh
474:Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh
391:Holy Roman Empire
331:and the Caliphs (
311:Neẓām al-Tawārīkh
289:universal history
264:Taʾrīkh-ī Ghazānī
236:Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh
224:Persian miniature
159:Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh
144:
143:
132:Manuscript, Print
118:Publication place
16:(Redirected from
3072:
2992:Arabic miniature
2840:Esad Efendi 3636
2785:Kitāb al-bayṭara
2748:Esad Efendi 2961
2549:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2506:
2484:Tabaqat-i Nasiri
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2312:
2306:
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2061:Persian painting
2029:Persian Painting
1956:
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1947:
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1208:
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1200:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1132:
1129:
948:life of Muhammad
866:Edinburgh folios
764:'s biography of
728:Chinese painting
673:For Europe, the
556:
510:
507:
373:History of China
324:pre-Islamic Iran
251:Jami al-Tawarikh
109:Publication date
44:Jami al-tawarikh
40:
33:
21:
18:Jami Al-Tawarikh
3080:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3008:
2971:
2948:
2923:
2885:
2852:
2799:Kalīla wa-Dimna
2792:Kitab al-Aghani
2764:Kitāb al-Diryāq
2759:
2718:
2670:Kitāb al-Diryāq
2645:
2601:
2583:
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2174:Further reading
2171:
2091:
2081:, Faber, 1978
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1018:in summer 2014
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679:Martin of Opava
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579:Timurid dynasty
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419:Suwar al-aqalim
354:, the shahs of
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129:Media type
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2276:External links
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2260:(2): 221–234.
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2160:A.Z.V. Togan,
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756:'s version of
697:
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670:is drawn upon.
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627:Battle of Badr
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696:Illustrations
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70:جامع التواريخ
68:
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34:
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2606:11th century
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2588:10th century
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2424:Altan Tobchi
2419:Altan Debter
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2257:
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2224:
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2161:
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2138:D. T. Rice,
2134:fully online
2113:
2097:
2093:
2078:
2060:
2042:
2028:
2010:
1995:
1981:
1977:
1951:
1942:
1919:
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1888:
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1860:
1850:
1841:
1832:
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1788:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1728:
1724:
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1692:
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1668:
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1628:
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1588:(1): 71–82.
1585:
1581:
1545:cite journal
1512:
1479:
1475:
1450:
1445:Blair. p. 36
1441:
1420:
1401:
1380:. Retrieved
1376:the original
1365:
1357:
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1332:. Retrieved
1327:
1305:
1266:مجموعه تاريخ
1249:
1162:
1158:
1154:Hafiz-i Abru
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674:
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263:
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196:Central Asia
180:
158:
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3050:Persian art
2575:9th century
2552:7th century
2544:Manuscripts
2282:Online text
2203:10023/18244
2041:O. Grabar,
1866:16 February
1798:January 15,
1457:, Cambridge
1225:Islamic art
1198:Iran portal
1131: 1400
1009:Abyssinians
976:Painter of
959:Painter of
929:watercolour
748:for Sultan
746:Timurid era
509: 1430
480:Description
257:, 1300–1325
255:Diez Albums
218:Library in
192:Middle East
95:Non-fiction
3019:Categories
2966:Arabe 1489
2804:Arabe 3465
2744:Arabe 5847
2740:Arabe 6094
2736:Arabe 3929
2675:Arabe 2964
2663:Arabe 3924
2404:chronicles
2140:Basil Gray
1994:S. Blair,
1821:IEEE Reach
1634:2021-12-05
1382:23 January
1334:2 February
1292:References
999:Alp Arslan
997:Master of
966:Master of
916:miniatures
893:Ghaznavids
876:Ghaznavids
784:, and the
770:Ghaznavids
446:Abaqa Khan
442:apothecary
383:Frangistan
352:Ghaznavids
202:, and the
178:versions.
3030:Ilkhanate
2895:Or Ms 161
2882:Marsh 458
2626:Marsh 144
2411:Mongolian
2303:cite book
2241:192843887
2212:194015132
2077:B. Gray,
2065:Macmillan
2059:B. Gray,
1774:Canby, 31
1753:166136446
1745:0021-0862
1678:734930827
1610:192538646
1602:0578-6967
1504:165138088
1496:0021-0862
1297:Citations
1102:Library,
782:Is'mailis
750:Shah Rukh
733:Byzantine
667:Shahnameh
658:entitled
616:Sotheby's
567:Shahnameh
560:Shahnameh
293:al-Tabari
190:, in the
188:Ilkhanate
164:Ilkhanate
123:Ilkhanate
100:Publisher
3003:Sharbūsh
2980:Concepts
2914:Or Ms 20
2874:Or. 7293
2752:Or. 9718
2559:PERF 558
2457:Yuán Shǐ
1980:, 1985,
1177:See also
1146:Shahrukh
1138:Timurids
1104:Istanbul
1088:Assassin
905:Khwarezm
806:Shahrukh
565:Demotte
492:Khan to
412:Istanbul
356:Khwarezm
333:Rashidun
329:Muhammad
230:Contents
220:Istanbul
200:Anatolia
76:Language
2878:ÖNB AF9
2829:MS 5229
2581:Qur'ans
2471:Islamic
2467:Persian
2444:Chinese
2150:, 1976
2142:(ed.),
2106:4629187
2067:, 1978
2049:, 2000
2017:, 1994
1990:4543049
1963:Sources
1273:
1262:Persian
1061:of the
978:Lohrasp
968:Tahmura
901:Atabeys
897:Seljuks
796:angels.
774:Seljuks
754:Bal'ami
652:Persian
634:Sources
597:of the
544:Öljaitü
498:Timurid
462:Öljaitü
438:Hamadan
398:Indians
341:Abbasid
337:Umayyad
309:in the
295:in his
176:Persian
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537:mosque
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490:Ghazan
454:Ghazan
450:vizier
426:Author
358:, the
183:Mongol
172:Arabic
56:Author
2237:S2CID
2208:S2CID
2102:JSTOR
1986:JSTOR
1749:S2CID
1606:S2CID
1500:S2CID
1241:Notes
1163:Jāmiʿ
1159:Jāmiʿ
1142:Timur
786:Turks
766:Timur
587:Akbar
575:Herat
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552:Jāmiʿ
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458:Khans
137:Pages
92:Genre
2756:S.23
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2309:link
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2000:ISBN
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1868:2015
1800:2012
1741:ISSN
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1582:Iran
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