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look-out. In my work on the war of the future I endeavoured to draw a picture of this interesting process. But writing for specialists, I was compelled to enter largely into details, the analysis of which ran into 3,084 pages. The facts which are there garnered together, and the consequences which flow from them, run too strongly counter to the vested interests of the most powerful class of the community to admit of their being immediately embodied in measures of reform. And this I foresaw from the first. What I could not foresee was the stubbornness which not only recoiled from taking action but set itself to twist and distort the facts. Patriotism is highly respectable, but it is dangerous to identify it with the interests of a class. The steadfastness with which the military caste clings to the memory of a state of things which has already died is pathetic and honourable. Unfortunately it is also costly and dangerous. Therefore I venture now to appeal to the
British masses, whose vital interests are at stake and whose verdict must be final.
49:
748:
459:
The result, completed only in 1901 - one year before Bloch's death - was a five-volume work entitled "Comparison of the
Material and Moral well-being of the Western, Great Russian and Vistula Provinces". On the basis of extensive statistical data, compiled mainly in the Pale of Settlement, he gave a
491:
in an effort to gain an audience with the Tsar, for which purpose he met with Bloch as with other people having access to higher echelons of the
Russian government. Bloch supported Herzl's efforts and telegraphed a memorandum of recommendation to the Tsar via Baron de Staal. Bloch noted that Herzl
338:
Having busied myself for over fourteen years with the study of war in all its phases and aspects, I am astonished to find that the remarkable evolution which is rapidly turning the sword into a ploughshare has passed almost unnoticed even by the professional watchmen who are paid to keep a sharp
397:
Bloch survived long enough after publishing his theory to turn his analytical talents to investigating the institutional barriers which prevented the theory's adoption by the military establishment. He appears to have concluded that the military had to be sidestepped, by a more direct appeal to
451:
Bloch also embarked upon an extensive research on the social and economic conditions of the
Russian Empire's Jewish subjects. For that purpose, he established a team of scientific researchers headed by the Russian economist A.P. Subotin, on whose work he spent hundreds of thousands of
434:, banning Jews from living in the Empire's main cites - without needing to regularly attend a church and be visibly practising Christianity. As became evident especially in the later part of his life, he retained a strong concern for the situation of the Jews, even if
460:
comprehensive account of the Jewish role in the Empire's economic life, in crafts, trade and industry. The study showed that the Jews were a boon to the
Russian economy - rather than damaging and threatening it, as was at the time regularly claimed by anti-semites.
409:
concentrates on the interaction between Bloch's theory and the military professionals of the time. In short, it finds that they tended to dismiss Bloch, on the basis that, while his "mathematics" might be correct, his overall message ran the risk of being bad for
173:, both in financing the construction of new railways and in writing research papers on the subject. He founded several banking, credit and insurance companies. In 1877 he was appointed a member of the Russian Finance Ministry's Scientific Committee.
546:
Is War Now
Impossible? Being an Abridgement of "The War of the Future in its Technical, Economic and Political Relations"; with a Prefatory Conversation with the Author by W. T. Stead; Translated from the
374:. Bloch also did not realise the potential of non-rail motor-transport. None of these oversights was significant enough to undermine his broadest observations, however, for the period before about 1930.
719:. Potomac Books Inc. (an imprint of the University of Nebraska Press), 2013. Historian Murray discusses Bloch's involvement in pre 1914 thinking about war, and the problems some of his argument's faced.
448:
recommended a further worsening of the Jews' legal position. In response, Bloch sent to the government a series of well-reasoned memoranda calling for an end to the discrimination of the Jews.
471:. Only a few surviving copies remained in circulation, as great rarities. Subotin was, however, later able to publish a summary entitled "The Jewish Question in the Right Light".
857:
847:
299:
Such a war would become a duel of industrial might, a matter of total economic attrition. Severe economic and social dislocations would result in the imminent risk of
351:, had begun. The Russian and German monarchies proved equally incapable of assimilating Bloch's cautionary words concerning revolution, paying the price with summary
212:
of 1870–1871, which suggested to him that the solution of diplomatic problems by warfare had become obsolete in Europe. He published his six-volume master work,
842:
569:
867:
281:
and that rapid attacks and decisive victories were a thing of the past. He calculated that entrenched men would enjoy a fourfold advantage over
629:"The Centenary of the British Publication of Jean de Bloch's Is War Now Impossible? (1899-1999), War in History, Vol. 7, No. 3, 273-294 (2000)"
596:
877:
328:
also worked to spread Bloch's insights. In each particular, Bloch's theoretical research was rejected or ignored. To the
British readers of
882:
503:
In June 1899 Bloch, at Herzl's request, lobbied the
Russian government to lift a ban on the sale in its territory of shares of the Zionist
786:
862:
362:
Bloch's foresight is somewhat qualified by what proved an underestimation of the tactical and strategic significance of indirect (e.g.,
872:
324:, and distributed copies of his work to delegates from the diplomatic missions of 26 states, to little avail. The British publicist
492:
had been active to promote the Hague
Conference's aims of international peace, and that among other things he had sent a letter to
493:
887:
188:; the Kronenberg and Bloch families had often been in competition with each other in several 19th century Polish businesses.
343:
Europe's patriots were unmoved. French cavalry and
British infantry commanders only learned Bloch's lessons by a process of
697:
464:
185:
752:
791:
837:
832:
201:
768:
497:
177:
796:
701:, vol. LXV, no. 18 (November 22, 2018), pp. 53–54. Historian Clark singles out Bloch as a prophet of the
181:
852:
48:
647:Сравнение материального и нравственного благосостояния губерний западных, великороссийских и привислинских
488:
317:
176:
Bloch was married to Emilia Julia Kronenberg h. Koroniec (1845-1921), the granddaughter of Polish banker
504:
445:
444:
of the 1880s and the early 1890s, a commission headed by the vociferously antisemitic Interior Minister
427:
321:
802:
688:
827:
822:
763:
570:"A Museum of Peace and War; Interesting Collections Donated by M. de Bloch Just opened to the Public"
544:
426:, the religion of a small minority in the Russian Empire. In this way he was able to avoid the legal
169:(which governed much of the Polish lands at the time). There, he took part in the development of the
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727:
603:
402:
371:
330:
209:
522:
431:
135:
659:
680:
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356:
293:
254:
238:
219:
170:
123:
344:
389:, in Bloch's name in the same year. The museum closed in 1919 due to a lack of visitors
806:
702:
574:
278:
166:
162:
722:
Pieczewski, Andrzej. "John Bloch’s" The Future of War." Pacifism Based on Economics."
628:
816:
516:
484:
142:, he spent considerable effort to opposing the prevalent antisemitic policies of the
708:
Bauer, Ela. "Jan Gottlieb Bloch: Polish cosmopolitism versus Jewish universalism."
468:
226:, Future War and its Economic Consequences), popularized in English translation as
430:
imposed on Jews under Tsarist rule, especially the geographical limitation to the
781:
386:
348:
325:
274:
262:
304:
20:
660:"WHKMLA : The den Haag Peace Conference 1899-1900 as portrayed in Punch"
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and quick-firing artillery had rendered manoeuvres over open ground, such as
423:
363:
289:
246:
242:
139:
747:
134:
and railway financier who devoted his private life to the study of modern
282:
200:, Poland, on July 24, 1836, Bloch became intrigued by the victory of the
717:
The Rocky Road to the Great War: The Evolution of Trench Warfare to 1914
776:
480:
382:
352:
270:
266:
147:
441:
411:
378:
300:
205:
158:
131:
98:
94:
76:
705:, between railroad-mobilized armies, that eventuated as World War I.
807:
1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
366:) fire, and his failure to foresee the development of the armoured
453:
258:
231:
197:
72:
782:
Bloch's role in perpetuating a dud estimate of epochal war deaths
797:
Pay-to-view academic commentary on the centenary of Bloch's book
367:
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would develop. A war of this type could not be resolved quickly.
143:
734:
Jan Bloch (1836-1902): Szkic do Portretu "Krola Polskich Kolei"
303:, disease, the "break-up of the whole social organization" and
758:
381:. An International Museum of War and Peace was established at
467:
banned the work, and nearly all copies were confiscated and
787:
Bloch entry in the US Army's Combined Arms Research Library
496:
calling for a change in Germany's position on the issue of
249:
implications, was widely read in Europe. Bloch argued that
736:(in Polish) Warsaw, Poland: Panstwowy Instytut Wydawniczy
273:
charges, obsolete. Bloch concluded that a war between the
130:
or Блох) (July 24, 1836 – January 7, 1902) was a Polish
710:
European Review of History—Revue européenne d'histoire
19:"Ivan Bliokh" redirects here. Not to be confused with
693:
Future War: Preparing for the New Global Battlefield
792:
Report on Bloch's Nobel Peace Prize nomination, 1901
507:(predecessor of the present Israeli National Bank).
405:
of the early 1900s. A review in 2000 in the journal
215:
Budushchaya voina i yeyo ekonomicheskie posledstviya
105:
83:
58:
28:
184:and niece of industrialist and Polish nationalist
679:, "'This Is a Reality, Not a Threat'" (review of
146:government, and was sympathetic to the fledgling
463:Bloch's great effort was, however, in vain. The
483:activities in Russia, and became friendly with
336:
292:by committing million-man armies. An enormous
237:His detailed analysis of modern warfare, its
213:
37:
8:
320:in 1899, possibly at the invitation of Tsar
288:Industrial societies would have to settle a
224:Будущая война и её экономические последствия
47:
25:
550:(online ed.). London: Grant Richards
858:Polish Calvinist and Reformed Christians
848:Delegates to the Hague Peace Conferences
401:Contemporary theory treats Bloch as the
649:, (in Russian), St. Petersburg, Russia.
535:
479:Since 1897, Bloch became involved with
192:Research and analysis of modern warfare
687:, Public Affairs, 2018, 376 pp.; and
7:
487:. In June 1899 Herzl arrived at the
724:Annales. Etyka w życiu gospodarczym
109:Emilia Julia Kronenberg h. Koroniec
843:Converts to Calvinism from Judaism
645:Bloch, Ivan Stanislavovich (1901)
14:
597:"Ein Museum gegen das Wettrüsten"
746:
494:Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden
868:Polish male non-fiction writers
436:formally no longer one of them.
377:He died on January 7, 1902, in
138:. Born Jewish and a convert to
732:Kolodziejczyk, Ryszard (1983)
1:
685:The Future of War: A History
558:– via Internet Archive.
347:once Bloch's impossible war,
180:, daughter of medical doctor
878:Jews from the Russian Empire
801:Agnieszka, Janiak-Jasinska:
759:The Jean de Bloch Foundation
698:The New York Review of Books
465:Russian Council of Ministers
186:Leopold Stanislaw Kronenberg
883:Russian non-fiction writers
393:Role in contemporary theory
904:
863:Polish non-fiction writers
202:North German Confederation
18:
695:, Knopf, 2018, 192 pp.),
498:international arbitration
316:Bloch attended the first
223:
182:Henryk Andrzej Kronenberg
178:Samuel Eleazar Kronenberg
153:Bloch had studied at the
127:
46:
38:
35:
873:19th-century Polish Jews
418:Confronting antisemitism
253:The new technologies of
128:Иван Станиславович Блиох
39:Иван Станиславович Блиох
334:, Bloch wrote in 1901:
331:The Contemporary Review
161:bank and then moved to
777:Quotation, at Bartleby
489:Hague Peace Conference
440:Following the wave of
341:
318:Hague Peace Conference
228:Is War Now Impossible?
214:
888:Southwestern Railways
712:17.3 (2010): 415–429.
543:Bloch, I. S. (1899).
505:Jewish Colonial Trust
446:Vyacheslav von Plehve
755:at Wikimedia Commons
726:19.4 (2016): 67–80.
155:University of Berlin
764:Jewish Encyclopedia
475:Sympathy to Zionism
422:Bloch converted to
210:Franco-Prussian War
715:Murray, Nicholas.
523:The Great Illusion
432:Pale of Settlement
277:would be a war of
136:industrial warfare
838:Attrition warfare
833:People from Radom
803:Bloch, Jan Gotlib
769:Niall Ferguson's
751:Media related to
728:online in English
681:Lawrence Freedman
677:Christopher Clark
165:, capital of the
113:
112:
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753:Jan Gotlib Bloch
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689:Robert H. Latiff
664:
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602:. Archived from
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359:, respectively.
255:smokeless powder
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171:Russian Railways
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68:
66:
51:
42:
41:
40:
30:Jan Gotlib Bloch
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771:The Pity of War
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671:Further reading
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633:wih.sagepub.com
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578:. June 29, 1902
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853:Polish bankers
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741:External links
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703:trench warfare
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407:War in History
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167:Russian Empire
163:St. Petersburg
157:, worked at a
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53:Bloch, c. 1902
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552:. Retrieved
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279:entrenchment
275:great powers
263:machine guns
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89:(1902-01-07)
828:1902 deaths
823:1836 births
618:(in German)
387:Switzerland
349:World War I
326:W. T. Stead
322:Nicholas II
307:from below.
305:revolutions
294:battlefront
257:, magazine
817:Categories
613:2014-02-06
582:2008-08-06
530:References
403:Clausewitz
150:movement.
118:(Bogumił)
116:Jan Gotlib
65:1836-07-24
21:Iwan Bloch
424:Calvinism
364:artillery
353:execution
312:Influence
290:stalemate
247:political
243:strategic
234:in 1898.
140:Calvinism
511:See also
398:voters.
372:aircraft
283:infantry
239:tactical
196:Born in
547:Russian
481:Zionist
442:pogroms
383:Lucerne
271:cavalry
267:bayonet
220:Russian
208:in the
148:Zionist
144:Tsarist
124:Russian
805:, in:
469:burned
454:rubles
412:morale
379:Warsaw
301:famine
259:rifles
206:France
159:Warsaw
132:banker
106:Spouse
99:Poland
95:Warsaw
77:Poland
607:(PDF)
600:(PDF)
357:exile
232:Paris
230:, in
204:over
198:Radom
120:Bloch
73:Radom
556:2018
368:tank
355:and
269:and
245:and
84:Died
59:Born
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