33:
197:
207:
520:. In June, the Bielecki government proposed a massive privatization program to sell 400 state enterprises, nearly 25 percent of Poland's industrial sales output. According to the plan, the Polish state would retain control of 30 percent of enterprises through the use of a national wealth management fund, with every adult citizen given shares from the fund, while employees of each selected firm would receive ten percent of their company's shares. During the same period, the
202:
989:
433:
972:
1000:
354:
the tax code, gained expertise in raising individual salaries at state firms without raising tax liabilities. In 1987, Bielecki organized his employees to create software simulating various strategies on wage tax liabilities. The software became immensely popular with Poland's largest enterprises, who quickly purchased copies. By 1988, the government eased prohibitions on
1071:
1053:
1035:
1017:
661:, with certain legislation being excluded from decrees. While defending his decree proposal as only a temporary solution, Bielecki congruently proposed to grant the presidency special powers, including the right to nominate and dismiss the prime minister and members of the cabinet, as a measure of "preventing democracy from slipping into chaos and anarchy."
346:, meaning 'advisor') with virtually no capital or financial sources, with himself as "chief of operations" and one secretary as a coworker. Using academic and personal connections from the University of Gdańsk, Bielecki established working relationships with Polish Ocean Lines and other state enterprises. As few consultancy bodies existed in the communist
362:-speaking Poles conversant in Western financial analysis, Doradca was well-placed to assist these new firms with Poland's tax and banking regulations. At the same time, Doradca, through the efforts of Bielecki, continued to assist in recruiting and employing underground Solidarity members. During that time, Bielecki was given the nickname "Little Black" (
710:, saying "Here is the strategy, here is a Polish place in uniting Europe, with Poles benefiting from collective security, Poles enjoying the freedom of movement of people, goods and capital. This is an opportunity to participate in the political structures and the global economy." During the early 1990s, Bielecki also strongly supported the
641:(Polish states) with the central government administering policy within each region. The reform proposals, however, did not enter into legislation. The decentralization plans have since been interpreted as Bielecki's attempt to create strong provincial governments in order to carry out the government's economic reforms.
673:. However, neither the party, nor Bielecki, nor any other party, commanded a clear majority after the deeply inconclusive election, as Bielecki lacked support to continue the government. In the coalition negotiations that followed, the Liberal Democratic Congress pulled out of government formation talks with the
1448:"Agreement in the form of exchanges of letters concerning the extension of the duration of the Interim Agreement on trade and trade-related measures between the European Economic Community and the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), of the one part, and the Republic of Poland, of the other part"
302:
in 2009, Bielecki described the difficulty many fellow
Solidarity activists faced during the early 1980s. "After martial law, a lot of people—colleagues of mine—were their knees or in a regular prison. Unfortunately, 70 percent of them decided to leave the country because they thought, 'The fight is
297:
was declared in
December 1981 to crush dissidents, Bielecki was arrested and briefly detained by authorities. Recognized for his role in Solidarity, Bielecki was fired from the Center of Heavy Industry and blacklisted from state employment. After eight months of unemployment, Bielecki found a job as
664:
Despite gaining half of the Sejm to favour both proposals, Bielecki lacked the two-thirds majority needed to pass the act of either special power. With allegations of corruption from members of his government, along with a worsening economy, Bielecki and the
Liberal Democratic Congress emerged from
353:
Bielecki's cooperative quickly received work in tax consultancy. The opaque and often vague tax codes issued by the communist government confused state enterprise managers, who relied on
Doradca to assist them in limiting their tax returns. The cooperative, using the many loopholes that existed in
453:
to the office of Prime
Minister, though Olszewski quickly refused the position after numerous disagreements with Wałęsa over conditions the president placed on the prime minister's cabinet. Wałęsa turned instead to Bielecki to form a new government. Bielecki was little-known at the time within
625:(counties), as well as proposing Poland to be decentralized into regions. The proposal called for the regions to be endowed with elected parliaments, answerable regional governments, and retain a regional central government presence. The idea was deeply influenced by the
1572:"Pierwsze czytanie rządowego projektu ustawy o ratyfikacji Układu Europejskiego ustanawiającego stowarzyszenie między Rzecząpospolitą Polską a Wspólnotami Europejskimi i ich państwami członkowskimi sporządzonego w Brukseli dnia 16 grudnia 1991 r. (druk nr 220)"
333:), sought to take advantage of new economic reforms instituted by the communist government in the mid-1980s. These reforms replaced the direct administration of state enterprises with written regulations for managers. Realizing that the reform laws had large
652:
to grant itself special powers to rule by decree. However, Bielecki hesitated to grant such powers, instead proposing to parliament a "fast lane" for economic legislation. Yet by June 1991, none of the government's 27 bills had passed the
706:. During his post-premier period in the Sejm, Bielecki served in the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Speaking from the Sejm floor in May 1992, Bielecki expressed strong support for Poland entering an association agreement into the
230:
829:
that
Bielecki would be an ideal choice to head the association due to his international experience and passion for the sport. However, Bielecki dismissed the idea of heading the body. In May 2013, members of the opposition
535:
to voice dissent against the government's radical economic reforms. Simultaneously, Solidarity organized strikes in various parts of the country. Diplomatically, Bielecki's government continued the push away from the
940:
in the 1980s. In regards to the state of Polish football, the former prime minister jokingly quipped in 2010 that, "I don't believe that Poles are weaker . The only area where we are absolute idiots is football!"
298:
a truck driver for an agricultural cooperative, while also secretly remained active in
Solidarity by publishing pamphlets and monitoring clandestine police activities for the movement. During a forum held at the
337:
in financial and tax oversight, the situation could be taken advantage of by private consulting firms, which could advise state enterprises to avoid various regulations. Bielecki created the
Doradca cooperative
381:
and Jacek Merkel, founded the Gdańsk
Society for Socio-Economic Development, an informal organization of intellectual liberal dissidents, who became known as the "Congress Liberals." In the partially free
842:
companies in order to acquire shares of ZA Tarnów, a chemical production facility. Bielecki denied the reports, with the ABW similarly responding that the report claimed by Law and
Justice did not exist.
448:
in November 1990 after his resounding defeat in the presidential election, newly elected President Lech Wałęsa sought a new prime minister. Originally, the president appointed lawyer and former activist
657:. Bielecki offered his resignation to the Sejm, yet his motion was defeated 211–144. Following his defeat, Bielecki pushed for decree powers, though for only the two months prior to the scheduled
454:
political circles. Bielecki accepted Wałęsa's proposals to the cabinet, keeping five ministers from the previous Mazowiecki government, including Finance Minister and Deputy Prime Minister
1755:
1957:
2891:
3300:
2006:
303:
over. It's the end. There is no chance for the future.' And we tried in a hopeless way to stay in the country, in my personal view, mostly not to give up and to fight for pride."
648:, Bielecki faced a hostile parliament that time and again defeated the government's economic and political reforms. Without parliamentary support, President Wałęsa advocated the
285:, graduating in 1973. For much of the latter half of the 1970s, Bielecki was employed as an economist at the Center of Heavy Industry, an applied economic research institute in
2345:
633:
model for Poland. Opponents of Bielecki's local government proposals charged the idea as a step towards German subordination, advocating instead for the republic to remain a
1728:
1148:
932:, and has occasionally given commentary on the game to the media. Bielecki is also known to play football during his free time against his fellow former premier and current
758:, with Bielecki's Liberal Democratic Congress losing the entirety of its seats in the Sejm. After the severe defeat, Bielecki was appointed to the board of directors of the
1854:
3330:
1905:
3305:
3079:
759:
481:. Bielecki took the oath of office on 4 January 1991, heading the first government in 47 years in which none of its members had previously served under Communism.
821:
Rumors circulated within Polish media and football circles throughout the end of 2011 to the middle of 2012 that Bielecki was under consideration to head the
2884:
3310:
1979:
906:
852:
321:
Remaining outside of the state sector while also continuing underground support for Solidarity, Bielecki, along with other like-minded colleagues from the
1799:
1623:
1597:
1571:
860:
835:
256:
552:(Council for Mutual Economic Assistance) and the Warsaw Pact, whose organizations officially disbanded between June and July 1991. Negotiations with
1340:
196:
3345:
3335:
2877:
2338:
611:
In regards to the regional administration, the Bielecki government proposed an overhaul of local government, arguing to replace the newly created
469:. Bielecki then crafted a coalition government between his Liberal Democratic Congress and other parties who supported Lech Wałęsa, including the
350:(PRL), Bielecki's academic and personal connections with sympathetic university professors and alumni were crucial in obtaining work at the time.
3340:
1931:
1181:
589:
2010:
702:
and one of the leaders of the Liberal Democratic Congress, Bielecki continued his support for stronger political and economic integration into
394:. During the splintering of the Solidarity Citizens' Movement throughout 1990, Bielecki and other Gdańsk intellectuals increasingly favoured a
3325:
670:
2756:
3072:
2621:
1114:
1009:
516:
similarly agreed to provide Poland with modernization loans. Domestically, Bielecki's government pursued efforts to deconstruct the former
1958:"POLSKA - SAN MARINO. Jan Krzysztof Bielecki: Przyszli jak do teatru i tylko zagwizdali na koniec meczu. "JANUSZE" problemem kadry? SONDA"
3315:
3295:
1270:
814:, alleged in 2012 of financial wrongdoings by Bielecki while as president of Bank Pekao, particularly with the bank's relationship with
206:
3320:
3188:
2331:
2278:
2255:
2230:
2211:
2188:
2161:
2138:
2113:
2094:
755:
666:
658:
383:
2576:
2398:
2265:
Wróbel, Piotr J. (2010). "Rebuilding Democracy in Poland, 1989-2004.". In M. B. B. Biskupski; James S. Pula; Piotr J. Wróbel (eds.).
2354:
1044:
981:
933:
715:
601:
415:
316:
2581:
391:
149:
1877:
1732:
1156:
2032:
312:
3065:
937:
528:
290:
75:
347:
139:
2153:
1675:
681:, due to economic and cabinet differences between both camps. Bielecki remained as prime minister until being replaced by
596:
as the border between both nations. In November, following the conclusion of negotiations, Poland was invited to join the
2426:
1118:
1756:"Pekao SA pod prezesurą Jana Krzysztofa Bieleckiego nie poinformowało Komisji Nadzoru Finansowego o porozumieniu Chopin"
795:
585:
2901:
2421:
427:
822:
779:
707:
605:
509:
399:
244:
156:
32:
2681:
2606:
2388:
2372:
1447:
637:(a state governed as a single entity). The proposal was later changed, envisioning Poland divided into ten or twelve
754:
Deeply frustrated by economic hardships brought on by privatization, voters punished the Suchocka government in the
738:
as prime minister. Suchocka later appointed Bielecki as a minister without portfolio, tasked for relations with the
2985:
2801:
2591:
1274:
921:
and wearing a backpack. The tabloid noted that while Bielecki's position in the Chancellery was entitled to a free
877:
299:
201:
1825:
1777:
936:
Donald Tusk. Both Tusk and Bielecki have remained close friends and political allies since their days together in
3089:
2691:
2616:
2436:
1881:
775:
743:
474:
459:
1624:"Wniosek prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej o powołanie Hanny Suchockiej na stanowisko prezesa Rady Ministrów"
863:
from 2009 to 2015. Bielecki has also published articles within a number of newspapers and magazines, including
669:
with mixed results. The Liberal Democratic Congress emerged with 37 seats in the Sejm, with Bielecki elected to
2377:
2305:
831:
807:
791:
484:
Bielecki's government quickly focused on the international economic situation in the country. Appearing at the
478:
437:
248:
47:
2826:
2601:
2491:
402:(KLD) in June 1990 in order to contest parliamentary elections. The new party advocated pragmatic liberalism,
2171:
Millard, Frances (1996). "Poland's 'return to Europe,' 1989-94.". In Robert Bideleux; Richard Taylor (eds.).
2821:
2636:
2506:
2501:
2466:
1185:
925:
for commuting to and from work, the former prime minister preferred instead to use his personal motorcycle.
865:
496:
creditor nations to forgive 80 percent of Poland's $ 46.6 billion foreign debt. Through these negotiations,
322:
282:
265:
185:
3290:
3218:
3193:
3138:
2995:
2960:
2935:
2736:
2561:
2531:
2451:
763:
163:
3198:
3128:
2970:
2915:
398:
approach to reform the Polish economy. Congress Liberal members, including Bielecki, voted to create the
3133:
3113:
3103:
3020:
3010:
2980:
2456:
2416:
2270:
895:
Bielecki is married and with two children. The former prime minister is well known for his adoration of
674:
521:
294:
3259:
3244:
3153:
3148:
3041:
2990:
2721:
2706:
2696:
2626:
2546:
2521:
2481:
826:
790:. Bielecki's resignation announcement in 2009 from the bank sparked rumors of a possible bid to become
644:
Within parliament, Bielecki's hold on the premiership was continually marred with difficulties. With a
593:
3183:
3163:
3123:
3015:
1189:
3285:
3249:
3228:
3046:
2975:
2950:
2940:
2382:
929:
608:(EEC) on trade, though its completion would occur until after the Bielecki government had collapsed.
485:
407:
3264:
3158:
358:
firms making joint ventures with Polish enterprises. With few consultancy firms in place, and fewer
3208:
3203:
3118:
2741:
2726:
2656:
2446:
918:
803:
645:
3000:
3254:
3178:
3005:
2965:
2920:
2846:
2766:
2746:
2651:
2611:
2556:
2298:
2247:
2130:
1679:
1278:
839:
739:
600:(CoE). Bielecki's government additionally led negotiations to sign an interim agreement with the
489:
455:
445:
374:
92:
80:
2701:
2661:
1122:
3168:
3036:
2945:
2711:
2671:
2566:
2476:
2411:
2274:
2251:
2226:
2207:
2203:
2184:
2157:
2134:
2109:
2090:
727:
711:
649:
626:
597:
466:
432:
411:
68:
762:(EBRD) in December, where he remained until September 2003. In 1994, Bielecki co-founded the
500:
governments agreed to forgive 50 percent of the debt in the following month, followed by the
3143:
2731:
2666:
2631:
2571:
2551:
2541:
2536:
2526:
2516:
2406:
2173:
1026:
957:
949:
806:
in 2010. However, conservative members of the Polish political establishment, including the
678:
470:
462:
359:
1598:"Informacja ministra spraw zagranicznych o polityce zagranicznej Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej"
825:(PZPN). The speculation began following comments made by former referee and PZPN president
2791:
2781:
2461:
2362:
2037:
1152:
953:
945:
883:
726:, and encouraged Polish political and economic policy to take inspiration from successful
573:
517:
363:
339:
326:
223:
2841:
2796:
2646:
544:
began the withdrawal of over 50,000 troops from Poland and a military dismantling of the
2869:
527:
Bielecki's economic program proved to be tremendously controversial, particularly among
3223:
3173:
2955:
2930:
2786:
2716:
2511:
2496:
2471:
2241:
994:
783:
771:
735:
540:
and towards a stronger alliance with the West. In February 1991, negotiations with the
497:
373:
In the waning days of the communist state, Bielecki, along with fellow Gdańsk liberals
260:
170:
3279:
2811:
2776:
2315:
2124:
1935:
1705:
731:
682:
634:
501:
450:
403:
104:
293:, taking an active role in the movement by providing it with logistical support. As
2486:
1080:
811:
638:
541:
537:
493:
355:
734:
nations as positive examples. In July 1992, Bielecki supported the appointment of
3057:
2851:
2831:
2816:
2806:
2641:
1062:
977:
896:
856:
799:
581:
569:
545:
531:
activists and politicians m. In May 1991, nearly 10,000 protesters converged in
378:
259:
between 2009 and 2015. Since the early 2000s, Bielecki has been a member of the
251:
for most of 1991. In his post-political career, Bielecki served as president of
2223:
Out of the Red : Building Capitalism and Democracy in Postcommunist Europe
1218:
3213:
2836:
1729:"Bank Pekao SA's CEO Bielecki resigns, allegedly to take over as PM or FinMin"
787:
630:
565:
513:
395:
252:
236:
180:
1683:
1271:"20 Years After the Collapse of the Iron Curtain: have our dreams come true?"
2323:
2180:
2150:
Social Service Reform in the Postcommunist State: Decentralization in Poland
922:
910:
334:
278:
135:
2060:
286:
240:
37:
Jan Krzysztof Bielecki in 1991, during his term as Prime Minister of Poland
1932:"Former PM - Poland should concentrate on attack in match against Russia"
1829:
1800:"Co dalej z PZPN? Listkiewicz chciałby rządzić zza pleców... Bieleckiego"
1005:
871:
767:
576:
restrictions against Polish citizens. In June, Bielecki, along with his
1451:
719:
577:
561:
553:
549:
2126:
Starting Over in Eastern Europe: Entrepreneurship and Economic Renewal
269:
described Bielecki as one of the most respected economists in Poland.
1855:"Polish PM's right-hand man accused of lobbying for Russian business"
1076:
1058:
1040:
1022:
742:
between 1992 and 1993 under a coalition agreement between Suchocka's
703:
620:
557:
532:
505:
838:
head Krzysztof Bondaryk accused Bielecki of illegally lobbying for
2007:"Tusk's tussle: Poland's new leader has a hard task to find unity"
914:
815:
431:
2106:
From Autarchy to Market: Polish Economics and Politics, 1945-1995
1983:
1909:
1627:
1601:
1575:
1222:
901:
723:
699:
654:
387:
3061:
2873:
2327:
281:
on 3 May 1951, Bielecki studied sea transport economics at the
370:) among Solidarity activists, supporters and trade unionists.
1878:"Bielecki zostanie doradcą Tuska – we wtorek już oficjalnie"
255:
between 2003 and 2010, and served as the president of the
855:
Economic Council after his appointment by Prime Minister
905:
photographed Bielecki arriving and leaving work at the
851:
From 2010 to 2014, Bielecki served as president of the
2175:
European Integration and Disintegration: East and West
786:. From 2003 to 2010, Bielecki served as president of
2005:
Stefan Wagstyl & Jan Cienski (22 October 2007).
1341:"Wybory do Sejmu w 1989 roku - drużyna Lecha Wałęsy"
3237:
3096:
3029:
2908:
2755:
2680:
2590:
2435:
2397:
2361:
406:, the expansion of Poland's newly free market, and
191:
179:
145:
119:
114:
98:
86:
74:
64:
46:
23:
2172:
239:politician and economist. A leading figure of the
410:. The party, along with Bielecki, also supported
2108:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business Review Press.
928:Bielecki is also well known for his fondness of
760:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
2225:. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
2033:"Polska ma za sobą najlepsze 20 lat od stuleci"
2104:Hunter, Jr., Richard J.; Ryan, Leo V. (1998).
1529:
1527:
1525:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
3073:
2885:
2339:
8:
1778:"Czy Bielecki działał na szkodę Pekao S.A.?"
1430:
1428:
1426:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
685:of the Centre Agreement on 6 December 1991.
618:
612:
588:between Poland and Germany, reaffirming the
444:Following the resignation of Prime Minister
1906:"Kto to? To były premier! Jedzie do pracy!"
1727:Jan Krzysztof Bielecki (25 November 2009).
1670:
1668:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
548:. Under Bielecki, Poland voted to dissolve
3301:Solidarity Citizens' Committee politicians
3080:
3066:
3058:
2892:
2878:
2870:
2346:
2332:
2324:
2287:
1754:Jan Krzysztof Bielecki (11 October 2012).
1142:
1140:
1109:
1107:
859:. Bielecki served as the president of the
834:party alleged that a report from outgoing
31:
20:
2123:Johnson, Simon; Loveman, Gary W. (1995).
1533:
1516:
861:Polish Institute of International Affairs
524:(WSE) opened for business in April 1991.
257:Polish Institute of International Affairs
60:4 January 1991 – 5 December 1991
1826:"Na czele PZPN Olejniczak lub Bielecki?"
1327:
1306:
1257:
818:developer Pirelli & C. Real Estate.
3306:Liberal Democratic Congress politicians
1900:
1898:
1876:Jan Krzysztof Bielecki (8 March 2010).
1647:
1622:Jan Krzysztof Bielecki (10 July 1992).
1149:"Jan Krzysztof – silna broń Platformy?"
1091:
899:. In September 2012, tabloid newspaper
504:forgiving 70 percent of its share, and
247:in the early 1990s, Bielecki served as
2267:The Origins of Modern Polish Democracy
2221:Orenstein, Mitchell Alexander (2001).
1849:
1847:
1570:Jan Krzysztof Bielecki (21 May 1992).
1557:
1545:
1495:
1472:
1434:
1397:
1380:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
458:, who would continue to institute the
2198:Nagle, John D.; Mahr, Alison (1999).
2087:Historia Polityczna Polski, 1989–2005
1596:Jan Krzysztof Bielecki (6 May 1992).
1281:from the original on 13 December 2021
1176:
1174:
1098:
774:party through the unification of the
756:September 1993 parliamentary election
746:and the Liberal Democratic Congress.
7:
3331:Members of the Polish Sejm 1991–1993
1361:
1010:Czech and Slovak Transatlantic Award
980: : Grand Gwanghwa Medal of the
2061:"Jan Krzysztof Bielecki. Biografia"
1659:
1343:. Dziennik Bałtycki. 14 August 2011
1147:Azrael Kubacki (25 November 2009).
1119:Center for European Policy Analysis
580:counterpart, the German Chancellor
3311:Freedom Union (Poland) politicians
1980:"Premier haratnął w gałę. ZDJĘCIA"
659:parliamentary elections in October
14:
2902:Cabinet of Jan Krzysztof Bielecki
1182:"An about-face on privatization?"
982:Order of Diplomatic Service Merit
934:President of the European Council
750:Banking and Post-Political career
602:European Coal and Steel Community
492:in February 1991, Bielecki asked
428:Cabinet of Jan Krzysztof Bielecki
317:1990 Polish presidential election
2009:. Eryk Mistewicz. Archived from
1069:
1051:
1033:
1015:
998:
987:
970:
313:1989 Polish legislative election
222:
205:
200:
195:
1780:. Radio Maryja. 15 October 2012
798:in the event of Prime Minister
289:. In 1980, Bielecki joined the
3346:21st-century Polish economists
3336:20th-century Polish economists
2154:Texas A&M University Press
1188:. 21 June 2010. Archived from
392:Solidarity Citizens' Committee
386:, Bielecki was elected to the
235:(born 3 May 1951) is a Polish
150:Solidarity Citizens' Committee
1:
2399:Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918)
2200:Democracy and Democratization
1960:. Gwizdek24.pl. 25 March 2013
1731:. GoWarsaw.eu. Archived from
3326:Members of the Contract Sejm
667:1991 parliamentary elections
586:Treaty of Good Neighbourship
384:1989 parliamentary elections
16:2nd Prime Minister of Poland
3341:University of Gdańsk alumni
2148:Kerlin, Janelle A. (1994).
1219:"Archiwum Danych o Posłach"
952:, as well as conversant in
823:Polish Football Association
782:. In 2001, Bielecki joined
780:Liberal Democratic Congress
722:, greater integration with
708:European Economic Community
606:European Economic Community
590:German-Polish Border Treaty
510:International Monetary Fund
400:Liberal Democratic Congress
348:People's Republic of Poland
245:Liberal Democratic Congress
157:Liberal Democratic Congress
3362:
3316:Civic Platform politicians
3296:Politicians from Bydgoszcz
2592:Polish government-in-exile
1857:. CEE Insight. 15 May 2013
1806:. Polska. 15 December 2011
1275:London School of Economics
627:Länder (States) of Germany
425:
416:1990 presidential election
310:
300:London School of Economics
3321:Prime ministers of Poland
3090:Cabinet of Hanna Suchocka
2860:
2355:Prime ministers of Poland
2312:
2303:
2295:
2290:
440:'s talk show in July 1993
213:
110:
53:
42:
30:
2682:Polish People's Republic
2306:Prime Minister of Poland
2243:Change in Eastern Europe
2063:(in Polish). 31 May 2021
1706:"Jan Krzysztof Bielecki"
1676:"Jan Krzysztof Bielecki"
1115:"Jan Krzysztof Bielecki"
1045:Order of the White Eagle
948:, Bielecki is fluent in
479:Christian National Union
438:Andrzej Tadeusz Kijowski
307:In business and politics
249:Prime Minister of Poland
48:Prime Minister of Poland
2240:Weiner, Robert (1994).
2152:. College Station, TX:
1186:Warsaw Business Journal
866:The Wall Street Journal
677:group dominated by the
266:Warsaw Business Journal
3219:Krzysztof Skubiszewski
3109:Jan Krzysztof Bielecki
2996:Krzysztof Skubiszewski
2926:Jan Krzysztof Bielecki
2085:Dudek, Antoni (2007).
1682:. 2012. Archived from
944:Aside from his native
619:
613:
441:
367:
343:
330:
220:Jan Krzysztof Bielecki
25:Jan Krzysztof Bielecki
2577:Zyndram-Kościałkowski
2271:Ohio University Press
675:Center Civic Alliance
522:Warsaw Stock Exchange
508:with 50 percent. The
435:
3194:Andrzej Milczanowski
3139:Zygmunt Hortmanowicz
3047:Andrzej Marcinkowski
2986:Władysław Sidorowicz
1065:honorary distinction
694:Parliamentary career
650:Council of Ministers
572:successfully lifted
486:World Economic Forum
436:Bielecki (right) on
422:Prime Minister: 1991
408:European integration
323:University of Gdańsk
283:University of Gdańsk
263:party. In 2010, the
186:University of Gdańsk
3204:Janusz Onyszkiewicz
3199:Wacław Niewiarowski
3129:Zdobysław Flisowski
2971:Dariusz Ledworowski
2961:Piotr Kołodziejczyk
2936:Wiesław Chrzanowski
2916:Stefan Amsterdamski
1912:. 10 September 2012
1328:Johnson and Loveman
1307:Johnson and Loveman
1277:. 2 November 2009.
1258:Johnson and Loveman
1125:on 5 September 2018
712:Visegrád initiative
698:As a member of the
646:minority government
390:as a member of the
331:Uniwersytet Gdański
291:Solidarity movement
3179:Janusz Lewandowski
3134:Henryk Goryszewski
3114:Andrzej Bratkowski
3104:Andrzej Arendarski
3021:Krzysztof Żabiński
3011:Ewaryst Waligórski
2981:Marek Rostworowski
2966:Janusz Lewandowski
2921:Leszek Balcerowicz
2757:Republic of Poland
2437:Republic of Poland
2299:Tadeusz Mazowiecki
2291:Political offices
2248:Praeger Publishers
2131:Praeger Publishers
2089:. Kraków: Arcana.
1735:on 21 October 2013
1680:EastWest Institute
1454:. 31 December 1992
1192:on 23 October 2013
964:Honours and awards
917:, a black jacket,
847:Current activities
827:Michał Listkiewicz
794:again or serve as
740:European Community
617:with county-level
490:Davos, Switzerland
456:Leszek Balcerowicz
446:Tadeusz Mazowiecki
442:
375:Janusz Lewandowski
93:Tadeusz Mazowiecki
81:Leszek Balcerowicz
3273:
3272:
3260:Jacek Janiszewski
3245:Bernard Błaszczyk
3189:Piotr Łukasiewicz
3169:Jerzy Kropiwnicki
3154:Witold Karczewski
3149:Zbigniew Jaworski
3055:
3054:
3042:Witold Karczewski
3037:Henryka Bochniarz
2991:Czesław Skowronek
2867:
2866:
2417:Kanty Steczkowski
2322:
2321:
2313:Succeeded by
2204:SAGE Publications
598:Council of Europe
217:
216:
3353:
3209:Jerzy Osiatyński
3184:Paweł Łączkowski
3164:Krzysztof Kilian
3144:Gabriel Janowski
3124:Zbigniew Eysmont
3097:Original members
3082:
3075:
3068:
3059:
3016:Andrzej Zawiślak
2909:Original members
2894:
2887:
2880:
2871:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2325:
2296:Preceded by
2288:
2284:
2261:
2246:. Westport, CT:
2236:
2217:
2194:
2178:
2167:
2144:
2129:. Westport, CT:
2119:
2100:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1902:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1851:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1672:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1520:
1514:
1499:
1493:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1401:
1395:
1384:
1378:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1310:
1304:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1215:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1178:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1155:. Archived from
1144:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1121:. Archived from
1111:
1102:
1096:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1029:, Grand Officier
1027:Legion of Honour
1021:
1019:
1018:
1004:
1002:
1001:
993:
991:
990:
976:
974:
973:
802:running for the
796:finance minister
776:Democratic Union
744:Democratic Union
689:Post Premiership
679:Centre Agreement
629:, envisioning a
624:
616:
594:Oder–Neisse line
475:Democratic Party
471:Centre Agreement
463:Balcerowicz Plan
234:
233:
232:
225:
209:
204:
199:
175:
168:
161:
154:
133:
129:
127:
115:Personal details
101:
89:
58:
35:
21:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3250:Janusz Byliński
3233:
3229:Andrzej Wojtyła
3092:
3086:
3056:
3051:
3025:
2976:Henryk Majewski
2951:Robert Głębocki
2941:Jerzy Eysymontt
2904:
2898:
2868:
2863:
2856:
2759:
2751:
2692:Osóbka-Morawski
2684:
2676:
2594:
2586:
2439:
2431:
2393:
2365:
2363:Duchy of Warsaw
2357:
2352:
2318:
2309:
2301:
2281:
2264:
2258:
2239:
2233:
2220:
2214:
2197:
2191:
2170:
2164:
2147:
2141:
2122:
2116:
2103:
2097:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2038:Gazeta Wyborcza
2031:
2030:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2013:on 30 June 2013
2004:
2003:
1999:
1989:
1987:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1835:
1833:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1783:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1711:
1709:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1689:
1687:
1674:
1673:
1666:
1658:
1654:
1646:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1578:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1523:
1515:
1502:
1494:
1479:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1433:
1404:
1396:
1387:
1379:
1368:
1362:Hunter and Ryan
1360:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1313:
1305:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1162:
1160:
1159:on 23 July 2012
1153:Newsweek Polska
1146:
1145:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1113:
1112:
1105:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1070:
1068:
1052:
1050:
1034:
1032:
1016:
1014:
999:
997:
988:
986:
971:
969:
966:
893:
884:Gazeta Wyborcza
849:
832:Law and Justice
808:Law and Justice
752:
696:
691:
604:(ECSC) and the
518:command economy
430:
424:
319:
309:
275:
229:
228:
227:
173:
169:
166:
162:
159:
155:
152:
146:Political party
134:
131:
125:
123:
99:
87:
59:
54:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3359:
3357:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3278:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3265:Jan Piątkowski
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3224:Hanna Suchocka
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3159:Jerzy Kamiński
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3062:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2956:Maciej Nowicki
2953:
2948:
2946:Adam Glapiński
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2874:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2763:
2761:
2760:(1990–present)
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2688:
2686:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2617:Bór-Komorowski
2614:
2609:
2604:
2598:
2596:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2443:
2441:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2328:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2311:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2280:978-0821418925
2279:
2269:. Athens, OH:
2262:
2257:978-0275945398
2256:
2237:
2232:978-0472067466
2231:
2218:
2213:978-0761956792
2212:
2195:
2190:978-0415137416
2189:
2168:
2163:978-1585444175
2162:
2145:
2140:978-0875845692
2139:
2120:
2115:978-0275962197
2114:
2101:
2096:978-8389243294
2095:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2052:
2041:. 16 July 2010
2024:
1997:
1986:. 26 July 2012
1971:
1949:
1938:. 12 June 2012
1923:
1894:
1868:
1843:
1832:. 6 April 2012
1817:
1791:
1769:
1758:. wPolityce.pl
1746:
1719:
1697:
1686:on 5 June 2013
1664:
1660:Nagle and Mahr
1652:
1640:
1614:
1588:
1562:
1550:
1538:
1521:
1500:
1477:
1465:
1439:
1402:
1385:
1366:
1354:
1332:
1311:
1292:
1262:
1235:
1203:
1170:
1136:
1103:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1066:
1048:
1030:
1012:
995:Czech Republic
984:
965:
962:
892:
889:
878:Rzeczpospolita
848:
845:
784:Civic Platform
772:European Union
751:
748:
736:Hanna Suchocka
732:Latin American
716:Czechoslovakia
695:
692:
690:
687:
498:Western Europe
467:Polish economy
426:Main article:
423:
420:
308:
305:
274:
271:
261:Civic Platform
215:
214:
211:
210:
193:
189:
188:
183:
177:
176:
174:(2001–present)
171:Civic Platform
147:
143:
142:
121:
117:
116:
112:
111:
108:
107:
102:
96:
95:
90:
84:
83:
78:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
51:
50:
44:
43:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3358:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3291:Living people
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3119:Zbigniew Dyka
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3083:
3078:
3076:
3071:
3069:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2895:
2890:
2888:
2883:
2881:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2859:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2822:Marcinkiewicz
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2337:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2317:
2316:Jan Olszewski
2308:
2307:
2300:
2294:
2289:
2282:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2176:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1998:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1937:
1936:Polskie Radio
1933:
1927:
1924:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1883:
1882:Super Express
1879:
1872:
1869:
1856:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1757:
1750:
1747:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1720:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1641:
1629:
1625:
1618:
1615:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1589:
1577:
1573:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1466:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1355:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1101:, pp. 133-138
1100:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1013:
1011:
1007:
996:
985:
983:
979:
968:
967:
963:
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
942:
939:
935:
931:
926:
924:
920:
916:
913:, dressed in
912:
908:
904:
903:
898:
891:Personal life
890:
888:
886:
885:
880:
879:
874:
873:
868:
867:
862:
858:
854:
853:Chancellery's
846:
844:
841:
837:
833:
828:
824:
819:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
764:Freedom Union
761:
757:
749:
747:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
693:
688:
686:
684:
683:Jan Olszewski
680:
676:
672:
668:
662:
660:
656:
651:
647:
642:
640:
636:
635:unitary state
632:
628:
623:
622:
615:
609:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
584:, signed the
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
534:
530:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
502:United States
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
461:
460:shock therapy
457:
452:
451:Jan Olszewski
447:
439:
434:
429:
421:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
404:privatization
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
380:
376:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
351:
349:
345:
341:
336:
332:
328:
324:
318:
314:
306:
304:
301:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
272:
270:
268:
267:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
231:
224:
221:
212:
208:
203:
198:
194:
190:
187:
184:
182:
178:
172:
165:
164:Freedom Union
158:
151:
148:
144:
141:
137:
132:(age 73)
122:
118:
113:
109:
106:
105:Jan Olszewski
103:
97:
94:
91:
85:
82:
79:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
57:
52:
49:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
3238:Joined later
3108:
3030:Joined later
3001:Jerzy Slezak
2925:
2771:
2707:Cyrankiewicz
2697:Cyrankiewicz
2627:Odzierzyński
2562:Jędrzejewicz
2407:Kucharzewski
2304:
2266:
2242:
2222:
2202:. New York:
2199:
2179:. New York:
2174:
2149:
2125:
2105:
2086:
2067:19 September
2065:. Retrieved
2055:
2043:. Retrieved
2036:
2027:
2015:. Retrieved
2011:the original
2000:
1988:. Retrieved
1974:
1962:. Retrieved
1952:
1940:. Retrieved
1926:
1914:. Retrieved
1885:. Retrieved
1871:
1859:. Retrieved
1834:. Retrieved
1820:
1808:. Retrieved
1803:
1794:
1782:. Retrieved
1772:
1760:. Retrieved
1749:
1737:. Retrieved
1733:the original
1722:
1710:. Retrieved
1700:
1688:. Retrieved
1684:the original
1655:
1643:
1631:. Retrieved
1617:
1605:. Retrieved
1591:
1579:. Retrieved
1565:
1553:
1541:
1468:
1456:. Retrieved
1442:
1357:
1345:. Retrieved
1335:
1283:. Retrieved
1265:
1226:. Retrieved
1194:. Retrieved
1190:the original
1161:. Retrieved
1157:the original
1127:. Retrieved
1123:the original
1094:
1081:Kisiel Prize
943:
927:
900:
894:
882:
876:
870:
864:
850:
820:
812:Radio Maryja
753:
697:
663:
643:
639:voivodeships
610:
542:Soviet Union
538:Eastern Bloc
526:
483:
443:
372:
352:
320:
276:
264:
219:
218:
100:Succeeded by
55:
18:
3286:1951 births
3255:Jerzy Góral
3174:Jacek Kuroń
3006:Adam Tański
2931:Michał Boni
2802:Cimoszewicz
2712:Jaroszewicz
2685:(1944–1989)
2657:Muchniewski
2622:Tomaszewski
2612:Arciszewski
2607:Mikołajczyk
2595:(1939–1990)
2582:Składkowski
2452:Moraczewski
2440:(1918–1939)
2383:Poniatowski
2373:Małachowski
2366:(1807–1813)
2079:Works cited
1804:Portal I.pl
1129:4 September
1063:Bene Merito
978:South Korea
907:Chancellery
897:motorcycles
857:Donald Tusk
800:Donald Tusk
728:Asian Tiger
582:Helmut Kohl
570:Netherlands
546:Warsaw Pact
412:Lech Wałęsa
379:Donald Tusk
368:małe czarne
295:martial law
167:(1994–2001)
160:(1991–1994)
153:(1988–1991)
88:Preceded by
69:Lech Wałęsa
3280:Categories
3214:Jan Rokita
2847:Morawiecki
2767:Mazowiecki
2747:Mazowiecki
2727:Jaruzelski
2672:Szczepanik
2637:Mackiewicz
2632:Hryniewski
2477:Ponikowski
2457:Paderewski
2427:Wróblewski
2422:Świeżyński
2412:Ponikowski
2378:Gutakowski
1087:References
938:Solidarity
810:party and
804:presidency
788:Bank Pekao
631:federalist
566:Luxembourg
529:Solidarity
514:World Bank
311:See also:
273:Early life
253:Bank Pekao
181:Alma mater
130:3 May 1951
126:1951-05-03
2827:Kaczyński
2777:Olszewski
2722:Pińkowski
2567:Kozłowski
2547:Piłsudski
2532:Świtalski
2522:Piłsudski
2507:Skrzyński
2482:Śliwiński
2447:Daszyński
2181:Routledge
1534:Orenstein
1517:Orenstein
923:limousine
911:BMW F800R
488:(WEF) in
335:loopholes
279:Bydgoszcz
136:Bydgoszcz
65:President
56:In office
2787:Suchocka
2772:Bielecki
2742:Kiszczak
2737:Rakowski
2662:Urbański
2602:Sikorski
2492:Sikorski
1830:TVP Info
1708:. s9.com
1662:, p. 186
1650:, p. 212
1548:, p. 283
1437:, p. 281
1383:, p. 280
1364:, p. 175
1330:, p. 128
1309:, p. 127
1279:Archived
1260:, p. 126
1079: :
1061: :
1047:, Knight
1043: :
1025: :
1008: :
1006:Slovakia
930:football
919:sneakers
872:Die Welt
778:and the
768:centrist
671:Warsaw I
592:and the
568:and the
512:and the
477:and the
277:Born in
2862:*Acting
2732:Messner
2717:Babiuch
2652:Zawisza
2557:Prystor
2502:Grabski
2467:Grabski
2462:Skulski
2389:Potocki
2045:29 June
2017:30 June
1990:30 June
1964:30 June
1942:30 June
1916:29 June
1887:22 June
1861:22 June
1836:29 June
1810:29 June
1784:22 June
1762:22 June
1739:22 June
1712:22 June
1690:22 June
1648:Millard
1633:22 June
1607:21 June
1581:21 June
1560:, p. 82
1536:, p. 41
1519:, p. 40
1498:, p. 30
1475:, p. 29
1458:29 June
1452:EUR-Lex
1400:, p. 80
1347:22 June
1285:30 June
1228:21 June
1196:30 June
1163:30 June
958:Russian
950:English
840:Russian
816:Italian
792:premier
720:Hungary
621:powiats
562:Germany
554:Belgium
550:Comecon
494:Western
465:to the
414:in the
396:liberal
360:English
356:Western
344:doradca
243:-based
237:liberal
2842:Szydło
2837:Kopacz
2812:Miller
2797:Oleksy
2792:Pawlak
2782:Pawlak
2702:Bierut
2667:Sabbat
2572:Sławek
2552:Sławek
2542:Sławek
2537:Bartel
2527:Bartel
2517:Bartel
2277:
2254:
2229:
2210:
2187:
2160:
2137:
2112:
2093:
1558:Weiner
1546:Wróbel
1496:Kerlin
1473:Kerlin
1435:Wróbel
1398:Weiner
1381:Wróbel
1077:Poland
1074:
1059:Poland
1056:
1041:Poland
1038:
1023:France
1020:
1003:
992:
975:
954:French
946:Polish
704:Europe
614:rejony
578:German
558:France
533:Warsaw
506:Brazil
473:, the
364:Polish
340:Polish
327:Polish
287:Gdańsk
241:Gdańsk
192:Awards
140:Poland
76:Deputy
2817:Belka
2807:Buzek
2647:Pająk
2642:Hanke
2512:Witos
2497:Witos
2487:Nowak
2472:Witos
2310:1991
1099:Dudek
915:jeans
909:on a
714:with
226:
3088:The
2900:The
2852:Tusk
2832:Tusk
2275:ISBN
2252:ISBN
2227:ISBN
2208:ISBN
2185:ISBN
2158:ISBN
2135:ISBN
2110:ISBN
2091:ISBN
2069:2021
2047:2013
2019:2013
1992:2013
1984:Fakt
1966:2013
1944:2013
1918:2013
1910:Fakt
1889:2013
1863:2013
1838:2013
1812:2013
1786:2013
1764:2013
1741:2013
1714:2013
1692:2013
1635:2013
1628:Sejm
1609:2013
1602:Sejm
1583:2013
1576:Sejm
1460:2013
1349:2013
1287:2013
1230:2013
1223:Sejm
1198:2013
1165:2013
1131:2018
956:and
902:Fakt
881:and
770:pro-
766:, a
730:and
724:NATO
718:and
700:Sejm
665:the
655:Sejm
574:visa
388:Sejm
315:and
120:Born
836:ABW
3282::
2273:.
2250:.
2206:.
2183:.
2156:.
2133:.
2035:.
1982:.
1934:.
1908:.
1897:^
1880:.
1846:^
1828:.
1802:.
1678:.
1667:^
1626:.
1600:.
1574:.
1524:^
1503:^
1480:^
1450:.
1405:^
1388:^
1369:^
1314:^
1295:^
1273:.
1238:^
1221:.
1206:^
1184:.
1173:^
1151:.
1139:^
1117:.
1106:^
960:.
887:.
875:,
869:,
564:,
560:,
556:,
418:.
377:,
366::
342::
329::
138:,
128:)
3081:e
3074:t
3067:v
2893:e
2886:t
2879:v
2385:*
2347:e
2340:t
2333:v
2283:.
2260:.
2235:.
2216:.
2193:.
2166:.
2143:.
2118:.
2099:.
2071:.
2049:.
2021:.
1994:.
1968:.
1946:.
1920:.
1891:.
1865:.
1840:.
1814:.
1788:.
1766:.
1743:.
1716:.
1694:.
1637:.
1611:.
1585:.
1462:.
1351:.
1289:.
1232:.
1200:.
1167:.
1133:.
338:(
325:(
124:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
