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Berg. Rath, J. & R. Kloosterman (2000) âOutsidersâ business: A critical review of research on immigrant entrepreneurshipâ, International
Migration Review 34: 657-681. Kloosterman, R. C. (2010), âMatching opportunities with resources: A framework for analysing (migrant) entrepreneurship from a mixed embeddedness perspectiveâ, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 22 (1): 25-45. Kloosterman, R. & J. Rath (2001) âImmigrant entrepreneurs in advanced economies: Mixed embeddedness further exploredâ, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 27: 189-201. Kloosterman, R. & J. Rath (2003) Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Venturing Abroad in the Age of Globalization. Oxford & New York: Berg. Kloosterman, R. C. & J. Rath (2010), âShifting landscapes of immigrant entrepreneurship: New combinations of opportunities, resources, and policiesâ in Open for Business. Migrant Entrepreneurship in OECD Countries. Paris: OECD, 101-123. Kloosterman, R. C., J. Rath & E. Razin (2002) âThe economic context, embeddedness and immigrant entrepreneursâ, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research (Special Issue) 8 (3-4).
448:. Each market requires a specific set of skills, competences, and resources: selling kebab or game technology, for instance, constitute totally different worlds, the latter being inaccessible for uneducated entrepreneurs. The entrepreneursâ set of skills, competences, and resources consequently funnels them to specific markets, growing and shrinking markets alike. This means that the social, economic and political positionality of individual entrepreneurs is crucial for our understanding of their business activities, notably the obstacles and opportunities that are involved. Rath applied this approach in the international comparative study of the immigrant garment sector, but also in his research on the transformation of ethnic neighborhoods into places of leisure and consumption and his more recent work on commercial gentrification.
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des minoritĂ©s ethniques aux Pays-Bas et ses effets perversâ, pp. 17-41 in M. Martiniello & M. Poncelet (eds), Migrations et minoritĂ©s ethniques dans lâespace EuropĂ©en. Bruxelles: De Boeck. Rath, J. (1997) âDas strenge
Gesicht von Frau Antje. Die andere Seite des niederlĂ€ndischen Modells fĂŒr die Integration ethnischer Minderheitenâ, Neue Praxis, 26 (6), Dezember, pp. 479-494. Rath, J. (1999) âThe Netherlands. A Dutch treat for anti-social families and immigrant ethnic minoritiesâ, pp. 147-170 in M. Cole and G. Dale (eds), The European Union and Migrant Labour. Oxford: Berg Publishers. Rath, J. (2001) âResearch on immigrant ethnic minorities in the Netherlandsâ, pp. 137-159 in P. Ratcliffe (ed), The Politics of Social Science Research. âRaceâ, Ethnicity and Social Change. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave.
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cafés. Producing social diversity in
Amsterdamâ, S. Zukin, Ph. Kasinitz and X. Chen, and research partners. Global Cities, Local Streets: Everyday Diversity from New York to Shanghai. New York: Routledge. Aytar, V. and J. Rath (eds) (2012) Selling Ethnic Neighborhoods: The Rise of Neighborhoods as Places of Leisure and Consumption. New York: Routledge. Routledge Advances in Geography Series. Rath, J. (ed.) (2007) Tourism, Ethnic Diversity and the City. Contemporary Geographies of Leisure, Tourism and Mobility Series. London & New York: Routledge. Rath, J. (ed) (2002) Unraveling the Rag Trade. Immigrant Entrepreneurship in Seven World Cities. Oxford/New York: Berg/University of New York Press.
144:, the Netherlands. His academic studies have focused on the nexus of urban structures and processes on the one hand and their social, ethnic and religious dimensions on the other. His work is highly cited in the sub-fields related to the problematization of immigrant ethnic minorities, and on urban economies,
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Rath, J. and V. Schutjens (2015) âMigrant
Entrepreneurship: Alternative Paradigms of Economic Integrationâ, in A. Triandafyllidou (ed), Routledge Handbook of Immigration and Refugee Studies. London and New York: Routledge. Hagemans, I., A. Hendriks, J. Rath and S. Zukin (2015) âFrom greengrocers to
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life style. The dominant ideological representation of these categories apparently revolved around real or alleged socio-cultural features. That is why they were not represented as races apart but as minorities apart. The crux is that in the Dutch case these socio-cultural features are not regarded
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for as far as they were considered as fixed, naturalized. But the process of nation-state formation is historically specific. In each nation state specific criteria apply which determine who does and who does not belong to the imagined community of the nation. As Rath convincingly demonstrated, the
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Rath, J. (1991) Minorisering: de
Sociale Constructie van âEtnische Minderhedenâ. Amsterdam: Sua. Rath, J. (1992) âDe tegenbedoelde effecten van de geleide integratie van âetnische minderhedenâ, Beleid en Maatschappij, 19 (5), September/October, pp. 252-265. Rath, J. (1993) âLa construction sociale
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Rath, J. (ed.) (2000) Immigrant
Businesses: The Economic, Political and Social Environment. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire & New York: Macmillan & St. Martinâs Press. Rath, J. (ed.) (2002) Unravelling the Rag Trade: Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Seven World Cities. Oxford & New York:
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Bovenkerk, F., R. Miles and G. Verbunt (1990) âRacism, migration and the state in
Western Europe. A case for comparative analysisâ, International Sociology, 5 (4): 475-490. Bovenkerk, F., R. Miles and G. Verbunt (1991) âComparative studies of migration and exclusion on the grounds of âraceâ and
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Kloosterman, R. C., J. P. van der Leun & J. Rath (1999), âMixed embeddedness, migrant entrepreneurship and informal economic activitiesâ, International
Journal of Urban and Regional Research 23 (2): 253-267. Kloosterman, R. and J. Rath (2014) âImmigrant entrepreneurshipâ, pp. 195-225 in M.
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After attending secondary school, Rath spent two years doing all sorts of jobs (packing tomatoes, moving furniture, X-raying industrial installations, and counting bus passengers) and traveling. Thereafter, he decided to enroll in the
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Rath, J. (1993) âThe ideological representation of migrant workers in Europe: A matter of racialisation only?â, pp. 215-232 in J. Wrench & J. Solomos (eds), Racism and
Migration in Western Europe. Oxford/Providence:
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ethnic background in
Western Europe. A critical appraisalâ, International Migration Review, 25 (2): 375-391. Miles, R. (1989) Racism. London: Routledge. Miles, R. (1993b) Racism after ârace-relationsâ. London: Routledge.
440:. The âmixed embeddednessâ approach is an attempt to develop a theory that combines agency factors with structural conditions in a meaningful way. More concretely, it explicitly combines personal and group factors with
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that constitute that process, as is plain from the French and British cases. In each case, sections of the population were ideologically excluded from the imagined community on the grounds of the negative evaluation of
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Hagemans, I., A. Hendriks, J. Rath and S. Zukin (2015) âFrom greengrocers to cafĂ©s. Producing social diversity in Amsterdamâ, pp. 90â119 in S. Zukin, Ph. Kasinitz and X. Chen, and research partners.
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Trained in anthropology and urban studies, Jan Rath ventured out into various other disciplines, such as political science, sociology of law, economic sociology, and cultural and economic geography.
487:â, pp. 195-225 in M. Martiniello and J. Rath (eds), An Introduction to Immigrant Incorporation Studies. European Perspectives. IMISCOE Textbook Series 3. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
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model central in their considerations and assumed that the only or the most important racism is that which has black people as its object. Rath, however, following the British sociologist
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Martiniello and J. Rath (eds), An Introduction to Immigrant Incorporation Studies. European Perspectives. IMISCOE Textbook Series 3. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
379:, while the remaining members of society were ideologically included on the grounds of the positive evaluation of them. Racialized features pertained to real or alleged
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is not necessarily an expression of racism in the strict sense of the term. Anti-social families and ethnic minoritiesâboth constituting fractions of the lowest
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as a starting point for the theoretical understanding of the nature and meaning of racism in present-day Europe. A key process then is the construction of the
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and he also acted as the Chair of the Facultyâs Domain of Social Sciences. From 2018-2020, he served again as the Chair of the
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494:â, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 100 (5), pp. 665â672. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9663.2009.00579.x
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as fixed or naturalized. As a matter of fact, the state and private institutions had done their utmost to
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168:, both poor blue-color neighborhoods located close to the ports in the southern part of the city.
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Selling Ethnic Neighborhoods: The Rise of Neighborhoods as Places of Leisure and Consumption
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522:: European Perspectives. IMISCOE Textbook Series 2. Amsterdam; Amsterdam University Press.
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In the early phases of his career, Rath positioned himself in the international debate on
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and colleagues, he developed the mixed embeddedness approach to the study of small
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He held academic posts at the Center for the Study of Social Conflicts (COMT) in
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Global Cities, Local Streets: Everyday Diversity from New York to Shanghai
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An Introduction to Immigrant Incorporation Studies: European Perspectives
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543:. Solidarity and Identity Series. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
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196:(1982-1986), the Center for the Study of Multi-Ethnic Society (SMES) in
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Selected Studies in International Migration and Immigrant Incorporation
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Ethnic Amsterdam. Immigrants and Urban Change in the Twentieth Century
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ideal type, as people who did not adequately conform to the dominant
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Foner, N., J. Rath, J.W. Duyvendak and R. van Reekum (eds) (2014)
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New York and Amsterdam. Immigration and the New Urban Landscape
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Dutch case shows that the problematization of (non-immigrant)
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Minorization: The Social Construction of 'Ethnic Minorities'
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Urban Markets and Diversity: Toward a Research Agenda
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408:of normal behavior, as backward people with a
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243:In between, he was a visiting scholar at the
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518:Martiniello, M. and J. Rath (eds) (2012)
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429:In a later phase, Rath together with the
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358:, proposed to take the formation of the
218:Department of Sociology and Anthropology
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236:(AISSR). He was the President of UvA's
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208:), (1990-1994). In 1994 he joined the
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370:. Racism could be one of the
249:Massey University in Auckland
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394:immigrant ethnic minorities
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296:DG Enterprise and Industry
136:who is holding a chair in
32:Rotterdam, The Netherlands
692:Utrecht University alumni
438:(ethnic) entrepreneurship
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652:Metropolis International
499:Books and special issues
385:cultural characteristics
280:IMISCOE Research Network
276:Metropolis International
226:Center for Urban Studies
677:Dutch social scientists
637:University of Amsterdam
222:Department of Sociology
210:University of Amsterdam
142:University of Amsterdam
80:University of Amsterdam
682:Writers from Rotterdam
466:. New York: Routledge.
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121:http://www.janrath.com
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452:Selected publications
390:anti-social families
292:University of Oxford
284:World Economic Forum
232:(IMES), both in the
172:Education and career
431:economic geographer
377:racialized features
324:Population Division
251:, New Zealand, and
446:regulatory matters
434:Robert Kloosterman
364:imagined community
330:Career and thought
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