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rapiers, such as fops pushed at each other in the streets of London and Paris, but some kind of relic of the
Crusades, a two-handed production with a single crossbar instead of a proper guard—the sort of thing Richard the Lionhearted might've used to slay camels in the streets of Jerusalem. This man went down on one knee in the dirt, and he did it with verve and enthusiasm. You see your rich man kneeling in church and it takes him two or three minutes, you can hear his knees popping and sinews creaking, he totters this way and that, creating small alarums amongst the servants who are gripping his elbows. But this brute knelt easily, even
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the French ambassador was expelled for involvement with a plan to dethrone
Sobieski, which definitely marked the end of the Polish-French alliance. At the same time Sobieski made peace with the pro-Habsburg faction and started to gravitate towards an alliance with Austria. This did not end the existence of strong internal opposition to Sobieski; however, it changed a number of allegiances, and further opposition was temporarily weakened through the king's successful political maneuvering, including granting the Grand Hetman office to one of the opposition's chief leaders,
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1127:. Both sides promised to come to one's another aid if their capitals were threatened. The alliance was signed by royal representatives on 31 March 1683 and ratified by the Emperor and Polish parliament within weeks. Although aimed directly against the Ottomans and indirectly against France, it had the advantage of gaining internal support for the defense of Poland's southern borders. This was a beginning of what would become the
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904:, where the Commonwealth was forced to cede territories to the Ottomans, but promise an annual tribute. Sobieski eventually succeeded in balancing politics and national defense, and a combination of his military victories over the invaders, and successful negotiations at the Sejm in April 1673, led to a compromise in which the court faction dropped its demands and challenges against him.
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1304:
1191:. Upon reaching Vienna on 12 September, with the Ottoman Army close to breaching the walls, Sobieski ordered a full attack. In the early morning, the united army of about 65,000–76,000 men (including 22,000,–27,000 Poles) attacked a Turkish force of about 143,000 men. At about 5:00 pm, after observing the infantry battle from the
1150:. To counteract the threat, Sobieski began the fortification of the cities and ordered universal military conscription. In July, the Austrian envoy asked for Polish assistance. Soon afterward, the Polish army started massing for an expedition against the Ottomans, and in August was joined by Bavarians and Saxon allies under
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wrote on
February 4, 1816, and published the same year among the "Sonnets dedicated to Liberty" (or "Poems dedicated to Independence and Liberty") his "Siege of Vienna Raised by John Sobieski", which was his take on da Falicaia's ode to Sobieski's victory, about which Wordworth wrote, "This, and his
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The French-Prussian treaty of 1679 meant that
Sobieski lost the major foreign ally for his planned campaign against Prussia; consequently, he started to distance himself from the pro-French faction, which, in turn, resulted in the cooling down of the Polish-French relations. During the Sejm of 1683,
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if such a thing were possible, and facing toward the city of Vienna, he planted his sword in the ground so that it became a steel cross. The morning light was shining directly into his grizzled face and glinting from the steel of the blade and glowing in some indifferent colored jewels set into the
958:
Sobieski had a number of long-term plans, including establishing his own dynasty in the
Commonwealth, regaining lost territories, and strengthening the country through various reforms. One of his ambitions was to unify Christian Europe in a crusade to drive the Turks out of Europe. At the beginning
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he is described as "an individual above his contemporaries, but still one of them"; an oligarch and a magnate, interested in personal wealth and power. His ambitions for the most part were instilled in him by his beloved wife, whom he undoubtedly loved more than any throne (when being forced to
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When he turned to go back to the camp, he discovered that there was another man up on this hill, a stone's throw away: some kind of monk or holy man, perhaps, as he was dressed in a rough sackcloth robe, with no finery. But then the bloke whipped out a sword. It was not one of your needle-thin
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Though Poland-Lithuania was at that time the largest and one of the most populous states of Europe, Sobieski became a king of a country devastated by almost half a century of constant war. The treasury was almost empty and the court had little to offer the powerful magnates, who often allied
1207:
The Pope and other foreign dignitaries hailed
Sobieski as the "Savior of Vienna and Western European civilization." In a letter to his wife, he wrote, "All the common people kissed my hands, my feet, my clothes; others only touched me, saying: 'Ah, let us kiss so valiant a hand!'"
1018:
The treaty with the
Ottomans began a period of peace that was much needed for the repair of the country and strengthening of the royal authority. Sobieski managed to reform the Polish army completely. The army was reorganised into regiments, the infantry finally dropped
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weapon's hilt and crossbar. The man bowed his head and took to mumbling in Latin. The hand that wasn't holding the sword was thumbing through a rosary—Jack's cue to exit stage right. But as he was leaving he recognized the man with the broadsword as King John
Sobieski.
810:
In 1662, he was again elected a deputy to the Sejm, and took part in the work on reforming the military. He was also a member of the Sejm in 1664 and 1665. In between he participated in the
Russian campaign of 1663. Sobieski remained loyal to the King during the
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cavalry along with
Austrians and Germans in a massive charge down the hillside. Soon, the Ottoman battle line was broken and the Ottoman forces scattered in disarray. At 5:30 pm, Sobieski entered the deserted tent of Kara Mustafa and the Battle of Vienna ended.
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promised to mediate a truce between the Ottomans and Poland so that Sobieski could focus his attentions on Prussia. The negotiations ended in failure and Sobieski's Baltic goals had to be tempered by the immediate reality of the Ottoman threat to the south.
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seemed more concerned with one another than with uniting to defend the country. The court faction called openly for confiscation of his estates and dismissal from office, and declared him an "enemy of the state". This division culminated in the humiliating
421:
Sobieski's 22-year reign marked a period of the Commonwealth's stabilization, much needed after the turmoil of previous conflicts. Popular among his subjects, he was an able military leader, most famously for his victory over the Ottoman Empire at the
1325:
He failed to reform the ailing Commonwealth, and to secure the throne for his heir. At the same time, he displayed high military prowess, he was well educated and literate, and a patron of science and arts. He supported the astronomer
3205:
G. Platania, Polonia e Curia romana. Corrispondenza del lucchese Tommaso Talenti segretario intimo del Re di Polonia con Carlo Barberini protettore del regno (1681–1693). vol. 1, pp. 7–613, Viterbo, Sette Città Editore, 2004,
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located there. The news of the battle coincided with the death of King Michal the day before the battle. This made Sobieski one of the leading figures of the state, so on 19 May the following year, he was elected monarch of the
1314:
Sobieski is remembered in Poland as a "hero king", victor at Vienna who defeated the Ottoman threat, an image that became particularly well recognized after his story was told in many works of 19th-century literature. In the
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G. Platania, Polonia e Curia romana. Corrispondenza di Giovanni III Sobieski, re di Polonia, con Carlo Barberini, protettore del regno (1681–1696). Collana Barberiniana vol. 2, pp. 11–385, Viterbo, Sette Città editore,
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Jerzy Starnawski, Łacińska scenka dramatyczna ku czci Jana III Sobieskiego na łamach 'Nouvelles de la Republique des Lettres' /1684/, Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Pedagogicznej w Bydgoszczy. Studia filologiczne 1983 z.
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troops and French support. Regaining control of this autonomous province was in the Commonwealth's best interest, and Sobieski also hoped for it to become part of his family domain. To this end he made the secret
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G. Platania, L’inedita corrispondenza di Jan III Sobieski e Carlo Barberini, cardinale Protettore del Regno, in Studia Wilanowskie, vol. XXII, pp. 99–119, Wilanów-Muzeum Palacu Króla Jana III w Wilanowie.
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AA.VV., L'Europa di Giovanni Sobieski. Cultura, politica, mercatura e società, a cura di Gaetano Platania, Viterbo, Sette Città editore, 2005 (CESPoM n. 10, Centro Studi sull'Età dei Sobieski e della Polonia
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Ioannes III, Dei Gratia rex Poloniae, magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae, Prussiae, Masoviae, Samogitiae, Livoniae, Smolensciae, Kijoviae, Volhyniae, Podlachiae, Severiae, Czernichoviaeque, etc.
935:). In light of the war, requiring Sobieski to be on the front lines, the coronation ceremony was significantly delayed – he was crowned John III almost two years later, on 2 February 1676.
1067:, and Sobieski's plans for the Commonwealth's own military campaign against Prussia was opposed by Commonwealth magnates, many of them taking the Prussian side. Backed by Brandenburg and
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on 7–9 October. After early victories, the Polish found themselves a junior partner in the Holy League, gaining no lasting territorial or political rewards. The prolonged and indecisive
915:. Thanks to the efforts of Sobieski, who was held in great esteem by the Tatar soldiers, many of the Lipkas seeking asylum and service in the Ottoman Army returned to his command.
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was born in Paris. On 5 February 1668, he achieved the rank of Grand Hetman of the Crown, the highest military rank in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and thereby the
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Although the King spent much time on the battlefields, which could suggest a good state of health, towards the end of his life he became seriously and increasingly ill.
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Meantime, in the spring of 1683, royal spies uncovered Ottoman preparations for a military campaign. Sobieski feared that the target might be the Polish cities of
991:, which re-established a strongly fortified line defending Poland's southern border in Ukraine. In 1675, Sobieski defeated a Turkish and Tatar offensive aiming at
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1007:) was signed soon afterwards. Although Kamieniec Podolski and much of Podolia remained a part of the Ottoman Empire, Poland gained the return of the towns of
931:. His candidacy was almost universally supported, with only a dozen or so members of the diet opposing him (mainly centered around magnates of the Lithuanian
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Conscious that Poland lacked allies and risked war against most of its neighbours (a situation similar to the Deluge), Sobieski allied himself by 1683 with
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of 1665–66, though it was a difficult decision for him. He participated in the Sejm of 1665, and after some delays, accepted the prestigious office of the
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The year 1672 saw internal politics destabilizing the Commonwealth, as the pro-French faction of Sobieski and pro-court faction of King Michał formed two
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Love of Country, or Sobieski and Hedwig. Compiled and translated from the French (of N. A. de Salvandy, the Countess Drohojowska, etc.) by Trauermantel
1675:
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Jan III, z łaski Bożej, król Polski, wielki książę litewski, ruski, pruski, mazowiecki, żmudzki, kijowski, wołyński, podlaski i czernichowski, etc.
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divorce her and marry the former Queen as a condition to gain the throne, he immediately refused the throne) and tended to obey, at times blindly.
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877:. While his pro-French stance in politics alienated some, his military victories against invading Tatars in 1671 helped him gain other allies.
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and studied Ottoman military traditions and tactics. It is likely he participated as part of the briefly allied Polish-Tatar forces in the 1655
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other poems on the same occasion , are superior perhaps to any lyrical pieces that contemporary events have ever given birth to, those of the
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In the autumn of 1674, he recommenced the war against the Ottomans and managed to recapture a number of cities and fortresses including
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with the Cossacks. In 1660, he took part in the last offensive against the Swedes in Prussia, and was rewarded with the office of
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Through personal connections, he became a strong supporter of the French faction in the Polish royal court, represented by Queen
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several sejms (including the coronation ones), and his attitude once again resulted in him losing popularity among the regular
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on 18 May that year. Around late April or early May 1666 he received another high office of the Commonwealth, that of the
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Memoirs of the Polish Baroque: the writings of Jan Chryzostom Pasek, a squire of the Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania
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1688:, included a number of works about King Sobieski's victory in its 1st volume: an address to the King (pp. 179–180),
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414:. In 1674, he was elected monarch of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth following the sudden and unexpected death of
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846:. This allowed him to regain his image as a skilled military leader. Later that year, in November, his first child,
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of his reign, however, the Polish state was in dire fiscal straits and faced military threats to the north. King
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The Poetical Works of William Wordsworth, Vol. VI (of 8). William Knight (ed.). Macmillan and Co. 1896. p. 110.
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1055:(1675), but he achieved nothing. The wars with the Ottoman Empire were not decisively won by the Commonwealth,
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also weakened Sobieski's position at home. For the next four years Poland would blockade the key fortress at
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Monety dawnej polski jakoteż prowincyj i miast do niéj niegdy należacych: z trzech ostatnich wieków zebrane
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became the first of many palaces that would dot the lands of the Commonwealth over the next two centuries.
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Canzoni in occasione dell'assedio, e liberatione di Vienna ([Reprod.]) / Di Vincenzio da Filicaia
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On 11 November 1673, Sobieski added a major victory to his list, this time defeating the Ottomans in the
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formations. Sobieski also greatly increased the number of cannon and introduced new artillery tactics.
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John Frederick Wyatt, "Wordsworth and the Geologists: A Correlation of Influences". 1991. pp. 292–293
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854:
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776:, and later that year he again was one of the negotiators of a new treaty with the Cossacks (the
701:. However, around late March 1656, he abandoned their side, returning to the side of Polish king
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Both brothers returned to the Commonwealth in 1648. Upon receiving the news of the death of king
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438:. Suffering from poor health and obesity in later life, Sobieski died in 1696 and was buried at
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Drohojowska, Countess Antoinette Joséphine Françoise Anne; Salvandy, Achille (Count.) (1856).
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The war against the Ottomans was not yet over, and Sobieski continued the campaign with the
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in Kraków in 1643, young John Sobieski then graduated from the philosophical faculty of the
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2938:"English: Sarcophagus with the heart of Jan III Sobieski in the Capuchin church in Warsaw"
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John III Sobieski sometimes appears in the loading screen in the computer strategy game,
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cavalry. He took part in a number of engagements over the next two years, including the
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2135:"The Sultan's Raiders: The Military Role of the Crimean Tatars in the Ottoman Empire"
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left for western Europe, where he spent more than two years travelling. They visited
467:
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1287:, although his heart is interred separately in the Church of the Transfiguration in
1187:, in joint command of Polish and German troops, against the invading Ottomans under
768:. Soon afterward he took part in the war against the Russians, participating in the
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rose up in open rebellion against the Commonwealth. This was the widely remembered
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and toured Europe in his youth. As a soldier and later commander, he fought in the
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646:. In 1653, he voluntarily spent time as a hostage in the Crimean Tatar capital of
638:
624:). Soon, the fortunes of war separated the brothers. In 1649, Jakub fought in the
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Jan III Sobieski's entry into Krakow for coronation at the Wilanow Palace Museum
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of the entire Polish Army. Later that year he supported the French candidacy of
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The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 5, The Ascendancy of France, 1648–88
1279:, France, and her body was returned to Poland. They are interred together in
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as one of the envoys in the diplomatic mission of Mikołaj Bieganowski to the
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about the raising of the siege of Vienna by King John III Sobieski titled "
1308:
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Prochazka Jiří: "1683. Vienna obsessa. Via Silesiaca". (Brno, Wien 2012),
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Jan III Sobieski of the Janina coat of arms at the Wilanow Palace Museum
2924:"Poland.Church of the Transfiguration (Kościół Przemienienia Pańskiego)"
406:. Sobieski demonstrated his military prowess during the war against the
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3058:"Treccani – la cultura italiana | Treccani, il portale del sapere"
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Wojciech Skalmowski; Tatjana Soldatjenkova; Emmanuel Waegemans (2003).
1678:(News from the Republic of Letters), edited and largely written by the
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in the 2012 English-language Polish and Italian historical drama film
1252:, with slightly better results, but still with no decisive victories.
1071:, internal enemies of Sobieski even planned to dethrone him and elect
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787:. His pro-French allegiance was reinforced in 1665, when he married
569:. During that time, he met influential contemporary figures such as
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daughter (20 December 1684), stillborn or died shortly after birth
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daughter (13 November 1678), stillborn or died shortly after birth
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twin daughters (9 May 1669), stillborn or died shortly after birth
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Sobieski's greatest success came in 1683, with his victory at the
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In October 1667, he achieved another victory over the Cossacks of
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754:(Polish parliament), and was one of the Polish negotiators of the
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1921:
Peoples of All Nations: Their Life Today And Story of Their Past
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995:. In 1676, the Tatars began a counter-offensive and crossed the
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daughter (October 1674), stillborn or died shortly after birth
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Jan III Sobieski – a book lover at the Wilanow Palace Museum
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for the Polish throne, and after this candidacy fell apart,
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he joined the opposition faction; he and his allies helped
742:
of 1656, Sobieski commanded a 2,000-man strong regiment of
541:
in 1646. After finishing his studies, John and his brother
2443:
The 17th and 18th Centuries: Dictionary of World Biography
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The 17th and 18th Centuries: Dictionary of World Biography
1665:
Canzoni in occasione dell'assedio, e liberazione di Vienna
1216:
Sobieski sending message of victory to the Pope after the
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Members of the Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
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Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century
600:, they volunteered for the army. They both fought in the
27:
King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1674–1696
1781:
Sobieski appears as a character in the historical novel
1511:(18 October 1673 – 7 December 1675), called "La Mannone"
1505:(15 October 1672 – 10 February 1677), called "Barbelune"
2910:"Kto przewiózł trumnę Marysieńki Sobieskiej do Polski?"
1774:
He appears in his pre-royalty status as a character in
4605:
Secular senators of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
3196:
Histoire de Pologne avant et sous le roi Jean Sobieski
1271:
on 17 June 1696 from a sudden heart attack. His wife,
955:
themselves with foreign courts rather than the state.
1830:
1530:(6 September 1677 – 19 November 1714), died unmarried
3138:, Printed for the author; and sold by Longman and Co
3042:
Ignacy Zagórski, Edward Rastawiecki (baron) (1845).
1248:. In 1691, Sobieski undertook another expedition to
4488:
4479:
4401:
4388:
4350:
4248:
4224:
4205:
4181:
4172:
4149:
4140:
3995:
3947:
3924:
3900:
3879:
3734:
3669:
3641:
3550:
307:
297:
287:
277:
265:
224:
196:
180:
159:
132:
128:
118:
108:
98:
90:
79:
45:
3136:Authentic memoirs of John Sobieski, King of Poland
1898:. PWN, Polish Scientific Publishers. p. 223.
831:on 21 July, which ended the Lubomirski Rebellion.
4595:Polish people of the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)
3343:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). pp. 442–443.
2435:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2316:
2314:
2185:Vienna 1683: Christian Europe Repels the Ottomans
1948:. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 382.
750:in 1658. In 1659, he was elected a deputy to the
2773:
2771:
2769:
2613:
2611:
732:By 26 May 1656, he received the position of the
3031:. Crosby, Nichols, and company. pp. 87–88.
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2506:. University of California Press. p. 308.
2378:The War Chronicles: From Chariots to Flintlocks
2076:. University of Washington Press. p. 236.
1751:
650:. A promising commander, John was sent by King
410:and established himself as a leading figure in
1486:(2 November 1667 – 19 December 1737), married
4100:
3528:
3182:Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire de Sobieski
3143:Red. (Eds.) (1962–1964). "Jan III Sobieski".
2951:Oskar Halecki; W: F. Reddaway; J. H. Penson.
2746:Oskar Halecki; W: F. Reddaway; J. H. Penson.
2708:Oskar Halecki; W: F. Reddaway; J. H. Penson.
2672:
2670:
2668:
2645:Oskar Halecki; W: F. Reddaway; J. H. Penson.
2618:Oskar Halecki; W: F. Reddaway; J. H. Penson.
2530:Oskar Halecki; W: F. Reddaway; J. H. Penson.
2470:Oskar Halecki; W: F. Reddaway; J. H. Penson.
2243:
2120:
2108:
2096:
2059:
1694:Paralelle de Jules Cesar et du Roi de Pologne
1488:Countess Palatine Hedwig Elisabeth of Neuburg
999:, but could not retake the strategic town of
474:John Sobieski was born on 17 August 1629, in
434:", and the Pope hailed him as the saviour of
402:and during the Swedish invasion known as the
8:
2555:
2553:
2525:
2523:
2465:
2463:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1923:. Concept Publishing Company. p. 4142.
1473:Marie Casimire Louise de la Grange d'Arquien
1440:Equestrian monument of King John III inside
1196:
789:Marie Casimire Louise de la Grange d'Arquien
203:Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien
4075:indicates monarch of questioned historicity
3004:. Cambridge University Press. p. 539.
2683:. American Philosophical Society. pp.
1727:The Day of the Siege: September Eleven 1683
1721:John III Sobieski's character is played by
1546:Jan (4 June 1683 – 1 January/12 April 1685)
738:(Standard-bearer of the Crown). During the
30:For other monarchs with similar names, see
4485:
4398:
4178:
4146:
4107:
4093:
4085:
3535:
3521:
3513:
3347:
60:
42:
3161:König J. Sobieski und die Befreiung Wiens
2980:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2890:
2888:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
1539:(1 May 1680 – 28 February 1726), married
1522:Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria
1479:, Burgundy, France. Their children were:
1359:Commemorative plaque featuring Sobieski,
823:. Soon afterward, he was defeated at the
705:, enlisting under the command of hetmans
3088:"Nouvelles de la republique des lettres"
2497:
2495:
2493:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1776:Mount & Blade: With Fire & Sword
1520:(4 March 1676 – 10 March 1730), married
1467:On 5 July 1665, he married the widow of
1210:
3238:Jan Sobieski: The King Who Saved Europe
3198:(two volumes, new edition, Paris, 1855)
3175:Sobieski et sa politique de 1674 à 1683
3046:(in Polish). S.H. Merzbach. p. 75.
2562:Hetmani Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów
1883:
1837:
1349:
604:. They founded and commanded their own
529:. John Sobieski spent his childhood in
3291:Polish website about John III Sobieski
3216:Radoslaw Sikora, Bartosz Musialowicz,
2074:The Polish–Lithuanian state, 1386–1795
1946:The Complete Prophecies of Nostradamus
1711:only excepted.—W. W. (1816 and 1820.)"
1676:Nouvelles de la république des lettres
947:Sobieski's coronation (1676), relief,
838:and their Crimean Tatar allies in the
791:and was promoted to the rank of Grand
1307:Portrayal of Sobieski's royal crown,
1082:Sobieski defeats the Ottomans at the
1065:Prussia defeated the Swedish invasion
897:major Ottoman incursions in the south
884:John III Sobieski, the victor of the
375:) 17 August 1629 – 17 June 1696) was
370:
353:
336:
7:
3495:Great Marshal of the Crown of Poland
3323:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2832:World Book, Inc (2007). "Volume 1".
2784:. Xlibris Corporation. p. 189.
1674:the first known book review journal
1419:John III Sobieski Monument in Gdańsk
1172:Victorious John III Sobieski at the
2861:. New York: Macmillan. p. 103.
2564:(in Polish). Bellona. p. 227.
2181:Simon Millar; Peter Dennis (2008).
1980:. Peeters Publishers. p. 165.
642:and fought with distinction in the
636:. John was promoted to the rank of
478:, now in Ukraine, then part of the
383:from 1674 until his death in 1696.
1655:(1642–1707) wrote a collection of
844:Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–71)
25:
3311:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
2752:. CUP Archive. pp. 547–548.
2714:. CUP Archive. pp. 544–545.
2624:. CUP Archive. pp. 543–544.
2351:Jews and Judaism in World History
1246:Tatars would raid the borderlands
1195:hilltop, Sobieski led the Polish
470:, the birthplace of John Sobieski
1864:
1852:
1840:
1667:," published by Piero Matini in
1433:
1411:
1392:
1367:
1352:
1176:in 1683, equestrian portrait by
1109:during John III Sobieski reign,
1057:the ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia
863:Philip William, Elector Palatine
448:Augustus II of Poland and Saxony
338:[ˈjanˈtʂɛt͡ɕisɔˈbʲɛskʲi]
311:
176:, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
4590:People of the Great Turkish War
3505:Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski
3001:The Cambridge History of Poland
2954:The Cambridge History of Poland
2749:The Cambridge History of Poland
2711:The Cambridge History of Poland
2648:The Cambridge History of Poland
2621:The Cambridge History of Poland
2533:The Cambridge History of Poland
2473:The Cambridge History of Poland
1263:King John III Sobieski died in
740:three-day-long battle of Warsaw
697:, and swore allegiance to King
681:", John Sobieski was among the
390:, Sobieski was educated at the
214:
32:John of Poland (disambiguation)
4580:Jagiellonian University alumni
4126:List of early Lithuanian dukes
3134:Tindal Palmer, Alicia (1815),
1318:Polish Biographical Dictionary
1291:, Poland. He was succeeded by
804:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
658:. There, Sobieski learned the
585:, and Italian, in addition to
535:Bartłomiej Nowodworski College
488:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
484:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
154:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
3270:(three volumes, Cracow, 1684)
2859:Great Men and Women of Poland
2811:. Xlibris Corp. p. 195.
2677:Kenneth Meyer Setton (1991).
2189:. Osprey Publishing. p.
1806:History of Poland (1569–1795)
1110:
630:Marek died in Tatar captivity
71:
4550:17th-century Polish monarchs
4467:Stanisław August Poniatowski
4060:Stanisław August Poniatowski
3476:Great Crown Hetman of Poland
3444:Field Crown Hetman of Poland
3189:Johann III., König von Polen
2957:. CUP Archive. p. 547.
2857:Mizwa, Stephen Paul (1942).
2805:Miltiades Varvounis (2012).
2778:Miltiades Varvounis (2012).
2651:. CUP Archive. p. 541.
2536:. CUP Archive. p. 542.
2476:. CUP Archive. p. 538.
2408:. CUP Archive. p. 564.
2348:Howard N. Lupovitch (2009).
2146:. p. 24. Archived from
2133:Brian Glyn Williams (2013).
1791:in a chapter recounting the
1690:Motet Dramatique ou Oratoire
865:. Following the election of
579:William II, Prince of Orange
430:named Sobieski the "Lion of
247:Teresa, Electress of Bavaria
36:John Sobieski (U.S. Colonel)
4442:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
4131:List of Lithuanian monarchs
4035:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
3776:Władysław III Spindleshanks
3145:Polski Słownik Biograficzny
2834:The World Book Encyclopedia
2560:Mirosław Nagielski (1995).
2381:. Fair Winds. p. 323.
1334:and the historian and poet
1178:Jerzy Siemiginowski-Eleuter
1042:Sobieski wanted to conquer
867:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
596:and the hostilities of the
372:[joˈannɛssoˈbiʃiʊs]
355:['joːnässo'bʲɛskis]
231:
4626:
4575:Burials at Wawel Cathedral
3488:Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski
3469:Stanisław "Rewera" Potocki
3334:"John III. Sobieski"
3170:(Amsterdam, 1761 and 1783)
2446:. Routledge. p. 727.
2354:. Routledge. p. 120.
2327:. Routledge. p. 726.
1742:is also referenced in the
1161:
1003:, and a peace treaty (the
711:Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski
699:Charles X Gustav of Sweden
675:Swedish invasion of Poland
520:Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz
292:Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz
94:19 May 1674 – 17 June 1696
34:. For his descendant, see
29:
4513:
4120:
4068:
3866:Dukes of Gdańsk Pomerania
3745:Senior or Supreme Princes
3501:
3492:
3484:
3473:
3460:
3450:
3441:
3428:
3423:
3408:
3395:
3382:
3377:
3350:
3168:Histoire de Jean Sobieski
3147:(in Polish). Vol. X.
2502:Wiktor Waintraub (1976).
1768:, chapter "The Continent"
1096:Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski
632:after his capture at the
351:Lithuanian pronunciation:
59:
50:
4560:Grand dukes of Lithuania
4174:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
3861:Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca
2836:. Bellona. p. 132.
2440:Frank N. Magill (2013).
2321:Frank N. Magill (2013).
2143:The Jamestown Foundation
2047:Sobieski, King of Poland
1399:Monument of Sobieski in
973:Order of the Holy Spirit
909:Polish-Lithuanian Tatars
533:. After graduating from
3841:Dukes of Greater Poland
3402:Grand Duke of Lithuania
3340:Encyclopædia Britannica
2998:de Battaglia, O.Forst.
2375:Joseph Cummins (2008).
1919:J.A. Hammerton (2007).
1821:List of Polish monarchs
1738:His involvement in the
1700:..." (pp. 183–185)
1469:Jan "Sobiepan" Zamoyski
1458:Sobieski and his family
1332:Adam Adamandy Kochański
1299:Legacy and significance
673:After the start of the
522:was a granddaughter of
392:Jagiellonian University
381:Grand Duke of Lithuania
85:Grand Duke of Lithuania
4600:Polish Roman Catholics
4452:Augustus II the Strong
4045:Augustus II the Strong
3962:Władysław III of Varna
3846:Dukes of Little Poland
3751:Władysław II the Exile
3706:Casimir I the Restorer
3700:Bolesław the Forgotten
2402:F. L. Carsten (1961).
1944:Mario Reading (2009).
1771:
1464:
1311:
1229:
1197:
1180:
1116:
1090:
1023:, replacing them with
976:
951:
907:In the year 1672, the
888:
807:
770:Battle of Slobodyshche
729:
581:, and learned French,
471:
446:. He was succeeded by
426:in 1683. The defeated
363:
346:
329:
242:James, Prince of Oława
4457:Stanisław Leszczyński
4417:Anna the Jagiellonian
4376:Sigismund II Augustus
4342:Sigismund Kęstutaitis
4115:Monarchs of Lithuania
3987:Sigismund II Augustus
3957:Władysław II Jagiełło
3934:Louis I the Hungarian
3916:Casimir III the Great
3811:Bolesław V the Chaste
3786:Mieszko IV Tanglefoot
3756:Bolesław IV the Curly
3726:Bolesław III Wrymouth
3633:Piast the Wheelwright
3320:Catholic Encyclopedia
3314:"John Sobieski"
3236:Miltiades Varvounis,
2072:Daniel Stone (2001).
1766:King of the Vagabonds
1733:Europa Universalis IV
1579:English translation:
1456:
1306:
1273:Marie Casimire Louise
1256:Later years and death
1214:
1171:
1104:
1081:
970:
946:
883:
829:Agreement of Łęgonice
801:
724:
693:which capitulated at
644:Battle of Berestechko
620:", and one heavy, of
575:Charles II of England
506:, was the Voivode of
496:de Sobieszyn Sobieski
480:Ruthenian Voivodeship
466:
364:Ioannes III Sobiscius
334:Polish pronunciation:
53:Defender of the Faith
4481:Kingdom of Lithuania
4462:August III the Saxon
4437:John II Casimir Vasa
4142:Kingdom of Lithuania
4030:John II Casimir Vasa
3949:Jagiellonian dynasty
3911:Władysław I Łokietek
3711:Bolesław II the Bold
3684:Bolesław I the Brave
3173:Du Hamel de Breuil,
1892:Aleksander Gieysztor
1692:(pp. 181–182),
1653:Vincenzo da Filicaia
1484:James Louis Sobieski
1061:treaties with France
848:James Louis Sobieski
817:Marshal of the Crown
813:Lubomirski Rebellion
785:Marie Louise Gonzaga
726:Portrait of John III
703:John II Casimir Vasa
598:Khmelnytsky Uprising
539:University of Kraków
527:Stanisław Żółkiewski
412:Poland and Lithuania
396:Khmelnytsky Uprising
368:Latin pronunciation:
4570:Field Crown Hetmans
4565:Great Crown Hetmans
4412:Henry III of Valois
4371:Sigismund I the Old
4250:House of Gediminids
3982:Sigismund I the Old
3926:Capet-Anjou dynasty
3816:Leszek II the Black
3806:Bolesław the Horned
3766:Casimir II the Just
3761:Mieszko III the Old
3454:Dymitr Wiśniowiecki
3329:Bain, Robert Nisbet
2153:on 21 October 2013.
1698:Venit, vidit, vicit
1647:Literary references
1583:by the grace of God
1541:Maria Józefa Wessel
1537:Konstanty Władysław
1528:Aleksander Benedykt
1376:Scutum Sobiescianum
1336:Wespazjan Kochowski
1152:Charles of Lorraine
1073:Charles of Lorraine
961:Louis XIV of France
687:Krzysztof Opaliński
571:Louis II de Bourbon
500:Janina coat of arms
436:Western Christendom
347:Jonas III Sobieskis
4427:Sigismund III Vasa
4352:House of Jagiellon
4226:House of Mindaugas
4183:House of Mindaugas
4151:House of Mindaugas
4020:Sigismund III Vasa
3871:Dukes of Pomerania
3801:Henry II the Pious
3716:Władysław I Herman
3694:Mieszko II Lambert
3544:Monarchs of Poland
3465:Title last held by
3433:Title last held by
3424:Political offices
3413:Title next held by
3387:Title last held by
3352:John III Sobieski
2244:Tindal Palmer 1815
2121:Tindal Palmer 1815
2109:Tindal Palmer 1815
2097:Tindal Palmer 1815
2060:Tindal Palmer 1815
1704:William Wordsworth
1465:
1381:Shield of Sobieski
1312:
1275:, died in 1716 in
1230:
1181:
1117:
1091:
977:
971:Sobieski with the
952:
922:and capturing the
889:
859:Louis, Grand Condé
855:commander-in-chief
840:Battle of Podhajce
821:Field Crown Hetman
808:
730:
691:Palatine of Poznań
668:Battle of Okhmativ
472:
4527:
4526:
4509:
4508:
4475:
4474:
4447:John III Sobieski
4432:Ladislaus IV Vasa
4390:Polish–Lithuanian
4384:
4383:
4323:
4311:
4299:
4282:
4207:House of Monomakh
4168:
4167:
4082:
4081:
4040:John III Sobieski
4025:Władysław IV Vasa
3997:Elective monarchy
3881:Přemyslid dynasty
3796:Henry the Bearded
3511:
3510:
3502:Succeeded by
3451:Succeeded by
3437:Stefan Czarniecki
3279:978-80-903476-3-2
3262:978-88-7853-252-6
2964:978-1-00-128802-4
2843:978-0-7166-0107-4
2818:978-1-4628-8082-9
2791:978-1-4628-8082-9
2759:978-1-00-128802-4
2721:978-1-00-128802-4
2694:978-0-87169-192-7
2658:978-1-00-128802-4
2631:978-1-00-128802-4
2543:978-1-00-128802-4
2483:978-1-00-128802-4
2453:978-1-135-92414-0
2415:978-0-521-04544-5
2388:978-1-61673-403-9
2361:978-1-135-18965-5
2334:978-1-135-92414-0
2200:978-1-84603-231-8
2049:. pp. 30–31.
1955:978-1-906787-39-4
1930:978-81-7268-144-9
1896:History of Poland
1789:James A. Michener
1764:Neal Stephenson,
1723:Jerzy Skolimowski
1709:Hebrew Scriptures
1385:Johannes Hevelius
1328:Johannes Hevelius
1234:Battle of Párkány
1125:Holy Roman Empire
1088:Martino Altomonte
1053:Treaty of Jaworów
1005:Treaty of Żurawno
902:Treaty of Buchach
827:, and signed the
756:Treaty of Hadiach
707:Stefan Czarniecki
685:regiments led by
594:Władysław IV Vasa
322:John III Sobieski
319:
318:
302:Roman Catholicism
252:Prince Aleksander
46:John III Sobieski
16:(Redirected from
4617:
4486:
4399:
4361:Casimir Jagellon
4317:
4305:
4293:
4276:
4179:
4147:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4086:
3856:Dukes of Kuyavia
3851:Dukes of Masovia
3836:Dukes of Silesia
3821:Henryk IV Probus
3781:Władysław Odonic
3771:Leszek the White
3537:
3530:
3523:
3514:
3485:Preceded by
3373:
3366:
3348:
3344:
3336:
3324:
3316:
3148:
3139:
3120:
3117:
3111:
3108:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3022:
3016:
3015:
2995:
2989:
2986:Jan III Sobieski
2982:
2969:
2968:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2905:
2899:
2896:Jan III Sobieski
2892:
2883:
2880:Jan III Sobieski
2876:
2863:
2862:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2775:
2764:
2763:
2743:
2726:
2725:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2674:
2663:
2662:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2615:
2606:
2603:Jan III Sobieski
2599:
2576:
2575:
2557:
2548:
2547:
2527:
2518:
2517:
2499:
2488:
2487:
2467:
2458:
2457:
2437:
2420:
2419:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2318:
2309:
2306:Jan III Sobieski
2302:
2277:
2274:Jan III Sobieski
2270:
2247:
2246:, pp. 23–24
2241:
2235:
2232:Jan III Sobieski
2228:
2205:
2204:
2188:
2178:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2139:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2111:, pp. 12–13
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2042:
2036:
2033:Jan III Sobieski
2029:
1992:
1991:
1973:
1960:
1959:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1888:
1869:
1868:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1845:
1844:
1836:
1793:Battle of Vienna
1769:
1740:Battle of Vienna
1572:
1562:
1543:but had no issue
1518:Teresa Kunegunda
1503:Adelajda Ludwika
1475:(1641–1716), of
1437:
1415:
1396:
1371:
1356:
1330:, mathematician
1218:Battle of Vienna
1202:
1185:Battle of Vienna
1174:Battle of Vienna
1164:Battle of Vienna
1158:Battle of Vienna
1133:Pope Innocent XI
1131:, championed by
1115:
1112:
1084:Battle of Vienna
920:Battle of Khotyn
895:, which despite
886:Battle of Khotyn
836:Petro Doroshenko
778:Treaty of Cudnów
774:Battle of Lyubar
664:Turkish language
626:Battle of Zboriv
424:Battle of Vienna
400:Russo-Polish War
374:
369:
357:
352:
340:
335:
330:Jan III Sobieski
315:
257:Prince Konstanty
235:
218:
216:
166:
142:
140:
73:
64:
43:
21:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4614:
4610:Sobieski family
4555:Kings of Poland
4530:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4505:
4471:
4422:Stephen Báthory
4392:
4380:
4346:
4244:
4220:
4201:
4164:
4136:
4135:
4116:
4113:
4083:
4078:
4064:
4015:Stephen Báthory
4005:Henry of Valois
3991:
3943:
3920:
3896:
3875:
3737:
3730:
3665:
3637:
3546:
3541:
3507:
3498:
3490:
3479:
3466:
3456:
3447:
3434:
3414:
3405:
3400:
3388:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3353:
3327:
3310:
3287:
3156:
3154:Further reading
3151:
3142:
3133:
3129:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3109:
3105:
3099:
3095:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3012:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2983:
2972:
2965:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2893:
2886:
2877:
2866:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2844:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2819:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2792:
2777:
2776:
2767:
2760:
2745:
2744:
2729:
2722:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2676:
2675:
2666:
2659:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2632:
2617:
2616:
2609:
2600:
2579:
2572:
2559:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2529:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2501:
2500:
2491:
2484:
2469:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2439:
2438:
2423:
2416:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2362:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2335:
2320:
2319:
2312:
2303:
2280:
2271:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2229:
2208:
2201:
2180:
2179:
2158:
2150:
2137:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2107:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2030:
1995:
1988:
1975:
1974:
1963:
1956:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1839:
1831:
1826:Scutum Sobieski
1802:
1770:
1763:
1718:
1716:Popular culture
1649:
1570:
1569:Official title
1560:
1559:Official title
1556:
1524:, and had issue
1451:
1444:
1438:
1429:
1416:
1407:
1397:
1388:
1383:on the sky, by
1372:
1363:
1357:
1348:
1301:
1281:Wawel Cathedral
1258:
1227:Vatican Museums
1166:
1160:
1113:
941:
913:Lipka rebellion
825:Battle of Mątwy
735:chorąży koronny
719:
652:John II Casimir
634:Battle of Batih
602:siege of Zamość
461:
456:
440:Wawel Cathedral
388:Polish nobility
367:
350:
333:
261:
232:among others...
229:
228:
220:
217: 1665)
212:
208:
205:
192:
186:Wawel Cathedral
168:
164:
144:
138:
136:
104:2 February 1676
83:
75:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4623:
4621:
4613:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4532:
4531:
4525:
4524:
4516:Titular rulers
4514:
4511:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4495:
4493:
4490:House of Urach
4483:
4477:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4408:
4406:
4396:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4357:
4355:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4312:
4300:
4288:
4283:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4255:
4253:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4212:
4210:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4188:
4186:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4156:
4154:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4089:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4010:Anna Jagiellon
4007:
4001:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3953:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3930:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3907:
3905:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3893:Wenceslaus III
3890:
3885:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3742:
3740:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3675:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3647:
3645:
3643:Proto-historic
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3556:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3517:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3500:
3491:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3472:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3449:
3440:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3412:
3407:
3398:King of Poland
3394:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3378:Regnal titles
3375:
3374:
3365:17 August 1629
3354:
3351:
3346:
3345:
3325:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3286:
3285:External links
3283:
3282:
3281:
3271:
3264:
3253:
3241:
3234:
3233:(Oxford, 1881)
3227:
3219:Winged Hussars
3214:
3203:
3199:
3192:
3191:(Vienna, 1883)
3185:
3184:(Warsaw, 1885)
3178:
3171:
3164:
3163:(Vienna, 1883)
3155:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3140:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3112:
3103:
3093:
3079:
3063:
3049:
3034:
3017:
3010:
2990:
2970:
2963:
2943:
2940:. 15 May 2018.
2929:
2915:
2900:
2884:
2864:
2849:
2842:
2824:
2817:
2797:
2790:
2765:
2758:
2727:
2720:
2700:
2693:
2664:
2657:
2637:
2630:
2607:
2577:
2570:
2549:
2542:
2519:
2512:
2489:
2482:
2459:
2452:
2421:
2414:
2394:
2387:
2367:
2360:
2340:
2333:
2310:
2278:
2248:
2236:
2206:
2199:
2156:
2125:
2113:
2101:
2089:
2082:
2064:
2052:
2037:
1993:
1986:
1978:Liber amicorum
1961:
1954:
1936:
1929:
1911:
1904:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1861:
1849:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1811:Wilanów Palace
1808:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1779:
1761:
1750:
1749:
1736:
1729:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1701:
1672:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1577:
1567:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1534:
1531:
1525:
1515:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1499:(October 1670)
1497:Teresa Teofila
1494:
1491:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1442:Wilanów Palace
1439:
1432:
1430:
1417:
1410:
1408:
1398:
1391:
1389:
1373:
1366:
1364:
1358:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1340:Wilanów Palace
1300:
1297:
1257:
1254:
1244:, and Ottoman
1162:Main article:
1159:
1156:
1029:Polish cavalry
949:Wilanów Palace
940:
939:King of Poland
937:
893:confederations
795:of the Crown.
748:Siege of Toruń
728:by Jan Tricius
718:
715:
683:Greater Polish
660:Tatar language
656:Ottoman Empire
622:Polish hussars
543:Marek Sobieski
518:; his mother,
504:Jakub Sobieski
502:. His father,
490:to a renowned
460:
457:
455:
452:
408:Ottoman Empire
377:King of Poland
317:
316:
309:
305:
304:
299:
295:
294:
289:
285:
284:
282:Jakub Sobieski
279:
275:
274:
269:
263:
262:
260:
259:
254:
249:
244:
238:
236:
222:
221:
210:
206:
201:
200:
198:
194:
193:
184:
182:
178:
177:
170:Wilanów Palace
167:(aged 66)
161:
157:
156:
143:17 August 1629
134:
130:
129:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
102:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
81:King of Poland
77:
76:
68:Daniel Schultz
65:
57:
56:
48:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4622:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4521:
4517:
4512:
4502:
4501:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4349:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4321:
4316:
4313:
4309:
4304:
4301:
4297:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4280:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4247:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4223:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4204:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4110:
4105:
4103:
4098:
4096:
4091:
4090:
4087:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4067:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3972:John I Albert
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3903:Piast dynasty
3899:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3888:Wenceslaus II
3886:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3739:
3736:Fragmentation
3733:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3671:Piast dynasty
3668:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3538:
3533:
3531:
3526:
3524:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3506:
3497:
3496:
3489:
3483:
3478:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3446:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3431:
3427:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3364:
3359:
3358:
3349:
3342:
3341:
3335:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3266:Waliszewski,
3265:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3231:John Sobieski
3228:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3177:(Paris, 1894)
3176:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3146:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3116:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3097:
3094:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3075:
3074:
3067:
3064:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3045:
3038:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3021:
3018:
3013:
3011:9781001288024
3007:
3003:
3002:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2984:Red. (Eds.),
2981:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2947:
2944:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2911:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2894:Red. (Eds.),
2891:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2878:Red. (Eds.),
2875:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2853:
2850:
2845:
2839:
2835:
2828:
2825:
2820:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2801:
2798:
2793:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2704:
2701:
2696:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2641:
2638:
2633:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2601:Red. (Eds.),
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2571:83-11-08275-8
2567:
2563:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2513:0-520-02752-3
2509:
2505:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2398:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2371:
2368:
2363:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2344:
2341:
2336:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2304:Red. (Eds.),
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2272:Red. (Eds.),
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2230:Red. (Eds.),
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2136:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2083:0-295-98093-1
2079:
2075:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2053:
2048:
2045:J.B. Morton.
2041:
2038:
2034:
2031:Red. (Eds.),
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1987:90-429-1298-7
1983:
1979:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1912:
1907:
1905:83-01-00392-8
1901:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1816:List of Poles
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1760:
1757:
1747:
1746:
1745:Baroque Cycle
1741:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1568:
1566:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1490:and had issue
1489:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1443:
1436:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1421:, moved from
1420:
1414:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1401:Łazienki Park
1395:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1365:
1362:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1310:
1305:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
974:
969:
965:
962:
956:
950:
945:
938:
936:
934:
930:
925:
921:
916:
914:
910:
905:
903:
898:
894:
887:
882:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
805:
800:
796:
794:
790:
786:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
762:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
736:
727:
723:
716:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
640:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
616:(one light, "
615:
611:
609:
603:
599:
595:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
469:
468:Olesko Castle
465:
458:
453:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
378:
373:
365:
361:
356:
348:
344:
339:
331:
327:
323:
314:
310:
306:
303:
300:
296:
293:
290:
286:
283:
280:
276:
273:
270:
268:
264:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
239:
237:
234:
233:
227:
223:
204:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
162:
158:
155:
151:
147:
146:Olesko Castle
135:
131:
127:
124:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:
82:
78:
69:
63:
58:
55:
54:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4519:
4500:Mindaugas II
4498:
4446:
4394:Commonwealth
4072:
4055:Augustus III
4039:
3832:
3743:
3698:
3615:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3493:
3474:
3467:
3461:
3442:
3435:
3429:
3415:
3409:
3396:
3389:
3383:
3372:17 June 1696
3369:
3362:
3355:
3338:
3318:
3267:
3237:
3230:
3224:BUM Magazine
3223:
3218:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3144:
3135:
3127:Bibliography
3115:
3106:
3096:
3082:
3072:
3066:
3052:
3043:
3037:
3027:
3020:
3000:
2993:
2985:
2953:
2946:
2932:
2918:
2903:
2895:
2879:
2858:
2852:
2833:
2827:
2808:JAN SOBIESKI
2807:
2800:
2781:JAN SOBIESKI
2780:
2748:
2710:
2703:
2679:
2647:
2640:
2620:
2602:
2561:
2532:
2503:
2472:
2442:
2404:
2397:
2377:
2370:
2350:
2343:
2323:
2305:
2273:
2239:
2231:
2184:
2148:the original
2141:
2128:
2123:, p. 20
2116:
2104:
2092:
2073:
2067:
2055:
2046:
2040:
2032:
1977:
1945:
1939:
1920:
1914:
1895:
1886:
1847:Christianity
1782:
1765:
1755:
1752:
1743:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1686:Pierre Bayle
1664:
1660:
1580:
1574:
1564:
1554:Royal titles
1509:Maria Teresa
1466:
1462:Henri Gascar
1457:
1427:World War II
1380:
1374:
1324:
1316:
1313:
1262:
1259:
1231:
1215:
1206:
1189:Kara Mustafa
1182:
1141:
1135:to preserve
1118:
1105:Polish coin
1092:
1086:in 1683, by
1041:
1017:
1009:Bila Tserkva
978:
975:, circa 1676
957:
953:
929:Commonwealth
917:
906:
890:
874:
851:
833:
809:
782:
759:
733:
731:
725:
672:
648:Bakhchysarai
637:
607:
591:
473:
420:
416:King Michael
385:
321:
320:
230:
165:(1696-06-17)
163:17 June 1696
66:Portrait by
51:
40:
18:Jan Sobieski
4545:1696 deaths
4540:1629 births
4405:(1569–1795)
4354:(1440–1569)
4337:Švitrigaila
4252:(1285–1440)
4228:(1269–1285)
4209:(1267–1269)
4185:(1263–1267)
4153:(1236–1263)
4050:Stanisław I
3826:Przemysł II
3417:Augustus II
3159:Chełmecki,
2099:, p. 7
2062:, p. 5
1683:philosopher
1571:(in Polish)
1293:Augustus II
1223:Jan Matejko
1137:Christendom
1129:Holy League
1114: 1682
1025:battle-axes
842:during the
628:. In 1652,
123:Augustus II
109:Predecessor
4534:Categories
4259:Butigeidis
4197:Vaišvilkas
3967:Casimir IV
3610:Leszko III
3499:1667–1674
3480:1667–1674
3448:1666–1667
3406:1674–1696
3212:8886091613
3194:Salvandy,
2908:FM., RMF.
1878:References
1680:Protestant
1591:Grand Duke
1581:John III,
1561:(in Latin)
1193:Kahlenberg
1027:, and the
933:Pac family
679:The Deluge
677:known as "
386:Born into
343:Lithuanian
139:1629-08-17
100:Coronation
4366:Alexander
4327:Skirgaila
4274:Gediminas
4240:Daumantas
4235:Traidenis
4160:Mindaugas
3977:Alexander
3901:Restored
3833:See also:
3679:Mieszko I
3661:Siemomysł
3628:Chościsko
3623:Popiel II
3603:Leszko II
3575:Krakus II
3552:Legendary
3391:Michael I
3250:0137-7329
1639:Chernihiv
1611:Samogitia
1595:Lithuania
1123:, of the
1121:Leopold I
717:Commander
639:pułkownik
608:chorągiew
606:banners (
567:The Hague
512:Castellan
454:Biography
432:Lechistan
308:Signature
119:Successor
113:Michael I
4332:Vytautas
4315:Kęstutis
4291:Algirdas
4286:Jaunutis
4264:Butvydas
4192:Treniota
3791:Konrad I
3721:Zbigniew
3651:Siemowit
3617:Popiel I
3596:Leszko I
3568:Krakus I
3357:Sobieski
3331:(1911).
3229:Tatham,
3202:Moderna)
3187:Rieder,
3180:Dupont,
2898:, p. 419
2882:, p. 418
2605:, p. 417
2308:, p. 416
2276:, p. 415
2234:, p. 414
2035:, p. 413
1894:(1979).
1871:Monarchy
1800:See also
1762:—
1671:in 1684.
1669:Florence
1631:Podlasie
1627:Volhynia
1619:Smolensk
1599:Ruthenia
1585:King of
1250:Moldavia
1242:Kamenets
1225:, 1880,
1031:adopted
1013:Pavoloch
981:Bratslav
924:fortress
875:szlachta
852:de facto
662:and the
508:Ruthenia
428:Ottomans
298:Religion
272:Sobieski
4520:italics
4518:are in
4403:Elected
4303:Jogaila
4269:Vytenis
4073:Italics
3939:Jadwiga
3689:Bezprym
3582:Lech II
3226:, 2016.
3166:Coyer,
3090:. 1684.
3076:. 1684.
2988:, p.420
1833:Portals
1756:lustily
1748:novels:
1661:canzoni
1635:Severia
1615:Livonia
1607:Masovia
1603:Prussia
1346:Gallery
1265:Wilanów
1199:husaria
1069:Austria
1048:Swedish
1044:Prussia
1037:dragoon
1001:Żórawno
985:Mogilev
806:in 1657
793:Marshal
761:starost
618:cossack
614:cavalry
551:Antwerp
547:Leipzig
531:Żółkiew
494:family
482:in the
219:
211:
207:
4492:(1918)
4320:family
4308:family
4296:family
4279:family
4216:Shvarn
3738:period
3656:Lestek
3561:Lech I
3462:Vacant
3430:Vacant
3410:Vacant
3384:Vacant
3368:
3277:
3260:
3248:
3240:(2012)
3210:
3008:
2961:
2840:
2815:
2788:
2756:
2718:
2691:
2687:–269.
2655:
2628:
2568:
2540:
2510:
2480:
2450:
2412:
2385:
2358:
2331:
2197:
2080:
1984:
1952:
1927:
1902:
1859:Poland
1784:Poland
1641:, etc.
1637:, and
1587:Poland
1477:Nevers
1449:Family
1425:after
1405:Warsaw
1387:, 1690
1361:Vienna
1338:. His
1309:Gdańsk
1289:Warsaw
1285:Kraków
1269:Poland
1148:Kraków
1107:minted
1033:hussar
997:Dneper
987:, and
695:Ujście
583:German
565:, and
563:Leiden
559:London
524:Hetman
516:Kraków
476:Olesko
444:Kraków
404:Deluge
398:, the
326:Polish
288:Mother
278:Father
197:Spouse
190:Kraków
181:Burial
174:Warsaw
150:Olesko
3589:Wanda
3370:Died:
3363:Born:
2151:(PDF)
2138:(PDF)
1277:Blois
1221:, by
1059:made
1046:with
1021:pikes
766:Stryj
744:Tatar
587:Latin
555:Paris
492:noble
459:Youth
360:Latin
267:House
226:Issue
213:(
209:
91:Reign
3275:ISBN
3268:Acta
3258:ISBN
3246:ISSN
3208:ISBN
3006:ISBN
2959:ISBN
2838:ISBN
2813:ISBN
2786:ISBN
2754:ISBN
2716:ISBN
2689:ISBN
2653:ISBN
2626:ISBN
2566:ISBN
2538:ISBN
2508:ISBN
2478:ISBN
2448:ISBN
2410:ISBN
2383:ISBN
2356:ISBN
2329:ISBN
2195:ISBN
2078:ISBN
1982:ISBN
1950:ISBN
1925:ISBN
1900:ISBN
1657:odes
1623:Kyiv
1423:Lwów
1146:and
1144:Lwów
1035:and
1011:and
993:Lviv
871:veto
802:The
772:and
752:Sejm
709:and
577:and
510:and
379:and
160:Died
133:Born
74:1680
3101:18.
2685:266
1787:by
1659:or
1593:of
1460:by
1238:war
989:Bar
780:).
764:of
612:of
514:of
498:of
442:in
358:);
341:);
4536::
3337:.
3317:.
3222:,
2973:^
2887:^
2867:^
2768:^
2730:^
2667:^
2610:^
2580:^
2552:^
2522:^
2492:^
2462:^
2424:^
2313:^
2281:^
2251:^
2209:^
2193:.
2191:17
2159:^
2140:.
1996:^
1964:^
1696:("
1633:,
1629:,
1625:,
1621:,
1617:,
1613:,
1609:,
1605:,
1601:,
1597:,
1589:,
1573::
1563::
1471:,
1403:,
1379:–
1295:.
1283:,
1267:,
1154:.
1139:.
1111:c.
1098:.
1075:.
1063:,
1015:.
983:,
713:.
689:,
670:.
589:.
573:,
561:,
557:,
553:,
549:,
486:,
450:.
418:.
362::
345::
328::
215:m.
188:,
172:,
152:,
148:,
72:c.
70:,
4522:.
4322:)
4318:(
4310:)
4306:(
4298:)
4294:(
4281:)
4277:(
4108:e
4101:t
4094:v
3536:e
3529:t
3522:v
3252:.
3060:.
3014:.
2967:.
2926:.
2912:.
2846:.
2821:.
2794:.
2762:.
2724:.
2697:.
2661:.
2634:.
2574:.
2546:.
2516:.
2486:.
2456:.
2418:.
2391:.
2364:.
2337:.
2203:.
2086:.
1990:.
1958:.
1933:.
1908:.
1835::
1795:.
1778:.
1735:.
610:)
366:(
349:(
332:(
324:(
141:)
137:(
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
