691:
793:
739:
1363:
1156:
590:
1112:
766:
1205:
562:
430:
2754:
626:
867:
33:
894:
1230:
1068:
1057:
1039:
1028:
1010:
999:
981:
970:
488:
840:
484:
though his rump party accounted for only one-ninth of the members of the Lok Sabha, Chandra
Shekhar succeeded in forming a new minority Government and becoming Prime Minister (with Devi Lal as deputy prime minister). However, Chandra Shekhar's government fell less than four months later, after the Congress (I) withdrew its support.
483:
members. The day after the collapse of the
National Front government, Chandra Shekhar informed the president that by gaining the backing of the Congress (I) and its electoral allies he enjoyed the support of 280 members of the Lok Sabha, and he demanded the right to constitute a new government. Even
690:
792:
479:, an ambitious Janata Dal rival who had been kept out of the National Front government, joined with Devi Lal, a former deputy prime minister under V. P. Singh, to form the Samajwadi Janata Party, with a total of just sixty
2614:
2544:
513:
Government restarted probing the corruption cases against a lot of
Congress leaders, hoping to gain power with the support of various United Front constituent groups, and
3058:
2804:
1651:
2707:
2477:
3063:
2618:
2182:
In this vacuum, the BJP's path to power followed that of three other centrist parties, similar to
Congress, which led coalitions on three separate occasions.
2453:
2320:
3038:
2431:
2593:
3053:
2785:
2368:
2639:
2098:. The party formed in 1989 as a splinter group of the Janata Dal. The party failed to win any election seats in its lifetime. Party president
517:
became the next prime minister. His government too fell in a few months, and in
February 1998, the Janata Dal-led coalition lost power to the
3048:
2953:
2409:
2297:
2238:
2205:
2040:
2011:
2399:
2121:
405:. However, after this the Janata Dal gradually disintegrated into various smaller factions, which largely became regional parties such as
3043:
2700:
281:
107:
2922:
2077:
2054:
1789:
472:
347:
269:
249:
2917:
1799:
578:
455:
coalition that was formed consisted of the Janata Dal and a few smaller parties in the government, and had outside support from the
1965:
1554:
1300:
921:
738:
2871:
1836:
1818:
1578:
2907:
2693:
1775:
1362:
3012:
2861:
1913:
1883:
1844:
1814:
1602:
2753:
2833:
2778:
1486:
1047:
1018:
989:
960:
646:
610:
398:
386:
112:
1959:
498:
394:
217:
2997:
2948:
1893:
1854:
312:
2866:
2058:
2033:
1939:
1783:
456:
448:
402:
343:
2943:
2902:
2771:
1758:
1724:
1212:
1155:
567:
382:
328:
173:
2987:
2846:
2044:
518:
460:
452:
335:
320:
211:
133:
2568:
2958:
1987:
1917:
1868:
1848:
1803:
1607:
589:
168:
2261:
2665:
2140:
381:
on the site of the Babri Masjid on
October 23, 1990, and the Bharatiya Janata Party withdrew support.
2977:
2876:
2856:
2851:
2817:
2021:
1991:
1951:
1876:
1807:
1744:
1679:
1626:
1514:
414:
410:
153:
143:
138:
1111:
765:
3033:
2841:
2073:
2005:
1977:
1921:
1907:
1824:
1749:
1729:
1640:
1616:
1592:
1568:
1534:
874:
698:
467:
was the prime minister. In
November 1990, this coalition collapsed, and a new government headed by
418:
332:
289:
183:
148:
2927:
2738:
2376:
2170:
1935:
1889:
631:
475:
which had the support of the congress came to power for a short while. Two days before the vote,
339:
316:
308:
254:
193:
2982:
2972:
2892:
2822:
2519:
2471:
2405:
2293:
2287:
2234:
2228:
2201:
2050:
2001:
1983:
1969:
1945:
1862:
1684:
1494:
1279:
901:
746:
359:
244:
178:
2195:
2743:
2029:
2025:
1903:
1858:
1828:
1631:
1559:
1519:
1499:
1437:
1388:
1372:
1366:
800:
719:
595:
510:
509:
as their prime minister. The
Congress withdrew their support in less than a year, after the
506:
2897:
2812:
2087:
2065:
2015:
1955:
1793:
1704:
1659:
1340:
476:
468:
406:
307:
united the entire disparate spectrum of parties ranging from regional parties such as the
163:
158:
2794:
2346:
2166:
1709:
1664:
1455:
625:
440:
372:
324:
2594:"Nitish Kumar hails SJD's merger with JD-U in Kerala : South, News - India Today"
1204:
561:
429:
3027:
2491:
2095:
1840:
1832:
1583:
1431:
1418:
703:
502:
3007:
2963:
2116:
2099:
1973:
1899:
1872:
1539:
1412:
1237:
1117:
866:
773:
514:
491:
444:
363:
355:
351:
273:
128:
95:
893:
2733:
1931:
1779:
1406:
1320:
820:
643:
607:
464:
433:
304:
293:
51:
32:
2321:"India's Cabinet Falls as Premier Loses Confidence Vote, by 142-346, and Quits"
3002:
2992:
2103:
1997:
1927:
367:
285:
90:
1345:
1325:
1229:
825:
805:
614:
480:
390:
2763:
2069:
1161:
847:
198:
2685:
439:
It first came to power in 1989, after cases of corruption, known as the
2083:
Punjab Janata Morcha (PJM), in
English the Punjab Popular Front, was a
1305:
1284:
926:
906:
879:
852:
724:
487:
378:
277:
101:
2102:
announced that the PJM was disbanded in 1997. Most members joined the
1228:
1203:
892:
865:
838:
791:
764:
737:
689:
501:
coalition came to power, with outside support from the congress under
2912:
778:
839:
389:
the Janata Dal lost power but emerged as the third largest party in
385:
lost a parliamentary vote of confidence on
November 7, 1990. In the
2091:
1361:
751:
650:
234:
497:
Its second spell of power began in 1996, when the Janata Dal-led
2084:
2767:
2689:
2347:"India Parliamentary Chamber: Lok Sabha Elections Held in 1991"
358:
in the 1989 parliamentary elections. His government fell after
2640:"From Lucknow to Delhi, parties that died with their founders"
2262:"V. P. Singh, a Leader of India Who Defended Poor, Dies at 77"
331:
as convenor. The front also included outside support from the
2669:
2545:"Karnataka's new CM S.R. Bommai inherits a troubled legacy"
2146:
2492:"Rediff On The NeT: Spectre of split returns to haunt JD"
2230:
India Since Independence: Making Sense of Indian Politics
2292:. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. 2003. pp. 124–.
1882:
Socialist Janata Party led by Manju Mohan (merged with
525:
List of prime ministers & chief ministers of India
288:
united on 11 October 1988 on the birth anniversary of
2617:. The New Indian Express. 2014-12-29. Archived from
2615:"SJD Merges with Sharad Yadav's Janata Dal (United)"
2936:
2885:
2831:
2802:
2726:
1083:
Vice President & Deputy Prime Minister of India
227:
204:
192:
121:
83:
75:
57:
47:
39:
21:
2233:. Pearson Education India. 2010. pp. 334–.
2779:
2701:
1176:Party presidents & deputy chief ministers
8:
2454:"Karnataka unit Janata Dal gets a president"
2369:"Lalu green signal for Janata Parivar unity"
2200:. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 35–.
2476:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1375:(1989 – 1994)- National General Secretary
2786:
2772:
2764:
2708:
2694:
2686:
1796:is now defunct because of weak leadership.
1465:
1250:
1179:
1154:
1130:
1110:
1086:
662:
533:
18:
2197:Coalition Politics: The Indian Experience
3059:Political parties disestablished in 1999
2014:led by Shivpal Singh Yadav (merged with
942:
486:
428:
2132:
272:which was formed through the merger of
2469:
2452:Rajghatta, Chidanand; March 31, 1989.
2167:"Why the Far Right Rules Modi's India"
1948:is defunct because of weak leadership.
3064:Political parties established in 1988
2954:Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohiya)
2569:"Samras Samaj Party merges into RLSP"
2513:
2511:
2447:
2445:
2012:Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohiya)
7:
2543:Raj Chengappa (September 15, 1988).
2122:List of Janata Dal breakaway parties
1986:led by Late Surendra Mohan and Late
1597:State Party in Bihar & Nagaland
2596:. Indiatoday.intoday.in. 2014-12-29
2064:Janata Dal (Socialist) led by Late
1549:State Party in Bihar & Manipur
282:Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)
16:Political party in India, 1988–1999
3039:Defunct political parties in India
2923:Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
2404:. Prabhat Prakashan Pvt. Limited.
2194:N. Jose Chander (1 January 2004).
2078:Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
1790:Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
473:Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
348:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
14:
2918:Samajwadi Janata Dal (Democratic)
2666:"Samata Party – Official Website"
1800:Samajwadi Janata Dal (Democratic)
2752:
1966:All India Progressive Janata Dal
1555:Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)
1166:10 November 1990 – 21 June 1991
1067:
1066:
1056:
1055:
1038:
1037:
1027:
1026:
1009:
1008:
998:
997:
980:
979:
969:
968:
624:
588:
560:
401:with the outside support of the
397:formed the government after the
31:
3054:1999 disestablishments in India
2872:Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)
1837:Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)
1819:Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)
1579:Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)
2908:Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)
2289:Indian Parliamentary Democracy
1813:Bharatiya Sablog Party led by
1776:Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)
1122:21 August 1997 – 27 July 2002
1:
3013:Socialist Janata (Democratic)
2862:Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party
2727:Prime Ministers of Janata Dal
2039:Janata Dal (Digvijay) led by
1914:Socialist Janata (Democratic)
1845:Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party
1674:State Party in Uttar Pradesh
1603:Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party
1509:State Party in Uttar Pradesh
3049:1988 establishments in India
1892:led by Nagmani (merged with
1048:1998 Indian general election
1019:1996 Indian general election
990:1991 Indian general election
961:1989 Indian general election
399:1996 Indian general election
387:1991 Indian general election
2349:. Inter-Parliamentary Union
1699:Non-NDA/I.N.D.I.A. parties
451:to lose the elections. The
113:Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani
3080:
3044:V. P. Singh administration
2520:"The fallout in Karnataka"
2401:Sensex of Regional Parties
1960:Nationalist Congress Party
319:, together and formed the
268:(“People’s Party”) was an
2998:Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik)
2949:Rashtriya Lok Samta Party
2750:
2398:Srivastava, Aaku (2022).
1894:Rashtriya Lok Samta Party
1855:Rashtriya Lok Samta Party
1698:
1649:
1529:State Party in Karnataka
1484:
1075:
954:
951:
313:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
240:
30:
2867:Rashtriya Lok Janata Dal
2059:Indian National Congress
2034:Indian National Congress
1940:Indian National Congress
1784:Indian National Congress
403:Indian National Congress
344:Communist Party of India
292:under the leadership of
2903:Indian National Lok Dal
1884:Socialist Party (India)
1763:State Party in Haryana
1759:Indian National Lok Dal
1725:Indian National Lok Dal
1213:Vishwanath Pratap Singh
568:Vishwanath Pratap Singh
342:Left Front, led by the
194:Political position
174:Indian National Lok Dal
134:Janata Dal (Socialist)
2988:Janata Party (Secular)
2847:Hindustani Awam Morcha
2045:Bharatiya Janata Party
1719:State Party in Odisha
1500:Chaudhary Jayant Singh
1369:
1260:Deputy Chief Minister
1233:
1208:
1140:Deputy Prime Minister
944:Electoral Performance
897:
870:
843:
796:
769:
742:
694:
521:in General Elections.
519:Bharatiya Janata Party
494:
461:Bharatiya Janata Party
436:
336:Bharatiya Janata Party
270:Indian political party
2959:Loktantrik Janata Dal
1988:M. P. Veerendra Kumar
1918:M. P. Veerendra Kumar
1869:Loktantrik Janata Dal
1849:Pashupati Kumar Paras
1847:led by Ram's brother
1804:Devendra Prasad Yadav
1694:State Party in Bihar
1608:Pashupati Kumar Paras
1573:State party in Bihar
1365:
1232:
1207:
896:
869:
842:
795:
768:
741:
693:
490:
432:
393:. The Janata Dal-led
169:Loktantrik Janata Dal
2978:Janata Dal (Gujarat)
2944:Bihar People's Party
2877:Socialist Janata Dal
2857:Jannayak Janta Party
2852:Janata Dal (Secular)
2818:Rashtriya Janata Dal
2621:on December 31, 2014
2573:News.webindia123.com
2022:Janata Dal (Gujarat)
1992:Janata Dal (Secular)
1952:Odisha Gana Parishad
1877:Rashtriya Janata Dal
1808:Rashtriya Janata Dal
1745:Jannayak Janta Party
1680:Rashtriya Janata Dal
1627:Rashtriya Lok Morcha
1515:Janata Dal (Secular)
1076:Party Disintegrated
415:Janata Dal (Secular)
411:Rashtriya Janata Dal
205:National affiliation
154:Rashtriya Janata Dal
144:Janata Dal (Secular)
139:Rashtriya Lok Morcha
61:11 October 1988
2842:Janata Dal (United)
2074:Mulayam Singh Yadav
2006:Janata Dal (United)
1978:Janata Dal (United)
1922:Janata Dal (United)
1908:Janata Dal (United)
1825:Lok Janshakti Party
1750:Ajay Singh Chautala
1730:Om Prakash Chautala
1645:Unrecognised Party
1641:Janata Dal (United)
1617:Lok Janshakti Party
1593:Lok Janshakti Party
1569:Janata Dal (United)
1535:Janata Dal (United)
1462:Janata Dal factions
945:
875:Om Prakash Chautala
699:Mulayam Singh Yadav
419:Janata Dal (United)
377:which was going to
290:Jayaprakash Narayan
184:Lok Janshakti Party
149:Janata Dal (United)
108:Congress (Jagjivan)
63: (35 years ago)
2928:Samras Samaj Party
2739:Inder Kumar Gujral
2646:. 24 December 2016
2644:The Indian Express
2377:The Times of India
2268:. 29 November 2008
1936:Ajeya Pratap Singh
1890:Samras Samaj Party
1370:
1234:
1209:
1125:4 years, 340 days
943:
898:
871:
844:
797:
770:
743:
695:
632:Inder Kumar Gujral
495:
437:
317:Asom Gana Parishad
309:Telugu Desam Party
3021:
3020:
2983:Janata Dal (Left)
2973:Janata Dal (Ajit)
2893:Bharatiya Lok Dal
2823:Rashtriya Lok Dal
2761:
2760:
2518:Menon, Parvathi.
2411:978-93-5521-236-8
2327:. 8 November 1990
2299:978-81-269-0193-7
2240:978-81-317-2567-2
2207:978-81-8069-092-1
2076:(renamed as Late
2051:Janata Dal (Ajit)
2002:Ramakrishna Hegde
1984:Janata Dal (Left)
1970:Ramakrishna Hegde
1946:Odisha Jan Morcha
1863:Janata Dal United
1839:led by Ram's son
1767:
1766:
1739:Recognised Party
1685:Lalu Prasad Yadav
1621:Recognised Party
1495:Rashtriya Lok Dal
1426:General Secretary
1355:
1354:
1280:Banarsi Das Gupta
1249:
1248:
1173:
1172:
1129:
1128:
1080:
1079:
939:Electoral records
936:
935:
902:Banarsi Das Gupta
747:Lalu Prasad Yadav
656:
655:
360:Lalu Prasad Yadav
327:as President and
263:
262:
250:Political parties
245:Politics of India
179:Rashtriya Lok Dal
122:Succeeded by
3071:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2765:
2756:
2744:H. D. Deve Gowda
2720:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2668:. Archived from
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2515:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2496:inwww.rediff.com
2488:
2482:
2481:
2475:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2449:
2440:
2439:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2177:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2145:, archived from
2137:
2030:Chhabildas Mehta
2026:Chimanbhai Patel
1904:George Fernandes
1859:Upendra Kushwaha
1835:(split into the
1829:Ram Vilas Paswan
1632:Upendra Kushwaha
1560:Jitan Ram Manjhi
1520:H. D. Deve Gowda
1466:
1438:C. Narayanaswamy
1389:Anantram Jaiswal
1373:Thakur Ji Pathak
1367:Thakur Ji Pathak
1251:
1180:
1158:
1131:
1114:
1087:
1070:
1069:
1059:
1058:
1041:
1040:
1030:
1029:
1012:
1011:
1001:
1000:
983:
982:
972:
971:
946:
801:H. D. Deve Gowda
720:Chimanbhai Patel
672:Chief Ministers
663:
628:
596:H. D. Deve Gowda
592:
564:
534:
511:H. D. Deve Gowda
507:H. D. Deve Gowda
370:and stopped his
350:. They defeated
233:
71:
69:
64:
35:
19:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3017:
2937:Defunct Parties
2932:
2898:Biju Janata Dal
2881:
2827:
2813:Samajwadi Party
2798:
2792:
2762:
2757:
2748:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2684:
2675:
2673:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2649:
2647:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2624:
2622:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2599:
2597:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2575:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2553:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2528:
2526:
2517:
2516:
2509:
2500:
2498:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2451:
2450:
2443:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2382:
2380:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2330:
2328:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2271:
2269:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2175:
2173:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2152:
2150:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2113:
2088:political party
2066:Chandra Shekhar
2016:Samajwadi Party
1956:Bijoy Mohapatra
1794:Chandra Shekhar
1772:
1770:Defunct parties
1705:Biju Janata Dal
1660:Samajwadi Party
1615:Factioned from
1591:Factioned from
1464:
1453:
1446:
1429:
1404:
1397:
1386:
1381:
1360:
1341:K. Siddaramaiah
1178:
1096:Vice President
1085:
941:
661:
659:Chief ministers
543:Prime ministers
532:
530:Prime ministers
527:
477:Chandra Shekhar
469:Chandra Shekhar
427:
425:Ascent to power
407:Biju Janata Dal
302:
259:
231:
223:
188:
164:Samajwadi Party
159:Biju Janata Dal
117:
67:
65:
62:
26:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3077:
3075:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
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2820:
2815:
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2807:
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2799:
2795:Janata Parivar
2793:
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2783:
2776:
2768:
2759:
2758:
2751:
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2683:
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2657:
2631:
2606:
2585:
2560:
2535:
2507:
2483:
2441:
2436:indiatoday.com
2423:
2410:
2390:
2379:. 5 April 2015
2360:
2338:
2325:New York Times
2312:
2298:
2279:
2266:New York Times
2253:
2239:
2220:
2206:
2186:
2158:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2081:
2062:
2048:
2041:Digvijay Singh
2037:
2019:
2009:
1995:
1981:
1963:
1949:
1943:
1925:
1911:
1897:
1887:
1880:
1866:
1852:
1822:
1811:
1797:
1787:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:Naveen Patnaik
1707:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:Akhilesh Yadav
1662:
1656:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1613:
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1557:
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1502:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1463:
1460:
1456:Sivaji Ganesan
1452:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1428:
1423:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1359:
1358:National units
1356:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1323:
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1303:
1298:
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1267:
1264:
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1255:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1235:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1210:
1201:
1197:
1196:
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1190:
1187:
1184:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1159:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1064:
1061:
1053:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1035:
1032:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1006:
1003:
995:
992:
986:
985:
977:
974:
966:
963:
957:
956:
953:
950:
940:
937:
934:
933:
931:
929:
924:
919:
917:
914:
913:
911:
909:
904:
899:
890:
887:
886:
884:
882:
877:
872:
863:
860:
859:
857:
855:
850:
845:
836:
833:
832:
830:
828:
823:
818:
816:
813:
812:
810:
808:
803:
798:
789:
786:
785:
783:
781:
776:
771:
762:
759:
758:
756:
754:
749:
744:
735:
732:
731:
729:
727:
722:
717:
715:
711:
710:
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706:
701:
696:
687:
683:
682:
679:
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673:
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667:
660:
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653:
640:
637:
634:
629:
622:
618:
617:
604:
601:
598:
593:
586:
582:
581:
576:
573:
570:
565:
558:
554:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
531:
528:
526:
523:
453:National Front
441:Bofors scandal
426:
423:
373:Ram Rath Yatra
325:N. T. Rama Rao
321:National Front
301:
298:
276:factions, the
261:
260:
258:
257:
252:
247:
241:
238:
237:
229:
225:
224:
222:
221:
215:
212:National Front
208:
206:
202:
201:
196:
190:
189:
187:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
125:
123:
119:
118:
116:
115:
110:
105:
99:
93:
87:
85:
84:Merger of
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
59:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
23:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3076:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2789:
2784:
2782:
2777:
2775:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2755:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2699:
2697:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2672:on 2022-02-15
2671:
2667:
2661:
2658:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2536:
2525:
2521:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2459:
2455:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2432:"india-today"
2427:
2424:
2413:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2394:
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2378:
2374:
2370:
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2342:
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2326:
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2316:
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2283:
2280:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2242:
2236:
2232:
2231:
2224:
2221:
2209:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2149:on 2022-02-15
2148:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2133:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2057:(merged with
2056:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:(merged with
2042:
2038:
2035:
2032:(merged with
2031:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:(merged with
2003:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:(merged with
1989:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:(merged with
1975:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:(merged with
1957:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:(merged with
1937:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:(merged with
1919:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:(merged with
1905:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1875:(merged with
1874:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:(merged with
1860:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1841:Chirag Paswan
1838:
1834:
1833:Chirag Paswan
1830:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:(merged with
1816:
1812:
1809:
1806:(merged with
1805:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:(merged with
1781:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1760:
1756:
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1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1584:Chirag Paswan
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
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1501:
1498:
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1488:
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1479:
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1474:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1433:
1432:Jeevaraj Alva
1427:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1419:C. Byre Gowda
1416:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1384:Uttar pradesh
1383:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1175:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1082:
1074:
1065:
1062:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1036:
1033:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1007:
1004:
996:
993:
991:
988:
987:
978:
975:
967:
964:
962:
959:
958:
948:
947:
938:
932:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
916:
915:
912:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
895:
891:
889:
888:
885:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
868:
864:
862:
861:
858:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
841:
837:
835:
834:
831:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
815:
814:
811:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
794:
790:
788:
787:
784:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
767:
763:
761:
760:
757:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
740:
736:
734:
733:
730:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
712:
709:
707:
705:
704:Uttar Pradesh
702:
700:
697:
692:
688:
685:
684:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
664:
658:
652:
648:
645:
641:
638:
635:
633:
630:
627:
623:
620:
619:
616:
612:
609:
605:
602:
599:
597:
594:
591:
587:
584:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
569:
566:
563:
559:
556:
555:
552:Constituency
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
535:
529:
524:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
503:Sitaram Kesri
500:
493:
489:
485:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
435:
431:
424:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
374:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
299:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
242:
239:
236:
230:
226:
219:
216:
213:
210:
209:
207:
203:
200:
197:
195:
191:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
126:
124:
120:
114:
111:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
92:
89:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
60:
56:
53:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
20:
3008:Samata Party
2967:
2964:Janata Party
2717:
2674:. Retrieved
2670:the original
2660:
2648:. Retrieved
2643:
2634:
2623:. Retrieved
2619:the original
2609:
2598:. Retrieved
2588:
2578:22 September
2576:. Retrieved
2572:
2563:
2552:. Retrieved
2548:
2538:
2527:. Retrieved
2523:
2499:. Retrieved
2495:
2486:
2461:. Retrieved
2457:
2435:
2426:
2415:. Retrieved
2400:
2393:
2381:. Retrieved
2372:
2363:
2351:. Retrieved
2341:
2329:. Retrieved
2324:
2315:
2303:. Retrieved
2288:
2282:
2270:. Retrieved
2265:
2256:
2244:. Retrieved
2229:
2223:
2211:. Retrieved
2196:
2189:
2181:
2174:. Retrieved
2161:
2151:, retrieved
2147:the original
2142:Samata Party
2141:
2135:
2117:Samata Party
2100:Kirpal Singh
2053:led by Late
2024:led by Late
2000:led by Late
1974:S. R. Bommai
1968:led by Late
1916:led by Late
1900:Samata Party
1873:Sharad Yadav
1871:led by Late
1540:Nitish Kumar
1458:(1989-1993)
1454:
1449:
1436:
1434:(1989-1990)
1430:
1425:
1421:(July 1999)
1417:
1413:Siddaramaiah
1411:
1405:
1400:
1387:
1371:
1238:Sharad Yadav
1118:Krishan Kant
1071:1,51,40,131
1013:2,08,90,121
774:Biju Patnaik
515:I. K. Gujral
499:United Front
496:
492:I. K. Gujral
449:Congress (I)
445:Rajiv Gandhi
438:
395:United Front
371:
366:arrested in
356:Congress (I)
352:Rajiv Gandhi
303:
274:Janata Party
265:
264:
218:United Front
129:Samata Party
96:Janata Party
40:Abbreviation
2832:Parties in
2803:Parties in
2734:V. P. Singh
2716:Leaders of
2549:India Today
2458:India Today
2373:Madan Kumar
1934:and led by
1932:V. P. Singh
1831:and led by
1780:Pappu Yadav
1757:Split from
1639:Split from
1567:Split from
1469:Party Name
1415:(Feb 1999)
1407:B. Rachaiah
1379:State units
1321:J. H. Patel
1301:Hukam Singh
1189:Presidents
1063:11,930,209
1034:27,070,340
1005:32,628,400
984:53,518,521
976:53,518,521
922:Hukum Singh
821:J. H. Patel
644:Rajya Sabha
636:1997 – 1998
608:Rajya Sabha
600:1996 – 1997
572:1989 – 1990
505:, choosing
465:V. P. Singh
434:V. P. Singh
383:V. P. Singh
329:V. P. Singh
305:V. P. Singh
294:V. P. Singh
220:(1996–1998)
214:(1988–1996)
52:V. P. Singh
3034:Janata Dal
3028:Categories
3003:Lok Shakti
2993:Jan Morcha
2968:Janata Dal
2719:Janata Dal
2676:2022-04-25
2625:2017-03-12
2600:2017-03-12
2554:2021-08-17
2529:2021-12-13
2501:2021-12-13
2463:2021-08-22
2417:2024-07-21
2383:1 November
2353:1 November
2331:1 November
2305:1 November
2272:31 October
2246:31 October
2213:31 October
2153:2022-02-15
2128:References
2104:Jan Morcha
2055:Ajit Singh
1998:Lok Shakti
1928:Jan Morcha
1843:, and the
1815:Arun Kumar
1652:I.N.D.I.A.
1444:Tamil Nadu
1401:Presidents
1242:1997-1999
1217:1989-1997
1042:55,58,060
952:Seats won
457:Left Front
368:Samastipur
333:right-wing
315:, and the
286:Jan Morcha
284:, and the
266:Janata Dal
91:Jan Morcha
68:1988-10-11
24:Janata Dal
2524:Frontline
2094:state of
2028:and Late
1972:and late
1450:President
1395:Karnataka
1346:Karnataka
1326:Karnataka
1269:Duration
1257:Portrait
1195:Duration
1186:Portrait
1169:242 Days
1146:Duration
1137:Portrait
1102:Duration
1093:Portrait
826:Karnataka
806:Karnataka
681:Duration
669:Portrait
615:Karnataka
481:Lok Sabha
443:, caused
391:Lok Sabha
340:left-wing
255:Elections
76:Dissolved
2472:cite web
2111:See also
2106:by 2003.
2070:Devi Lal
1930:of Late
1902:of Late
1827:of Late
1792:of Late
1654:parties
1489:parties
1480:Remarks
1162:Devi Lal
848:Devi Lal
639:332 days
603:324 days
579:Fatehpur
575:343 days
549:Duration
459:and the
338:and the
2797:parties
2650:27 June
2171:Jacobin
2090:in the
2072:, Late
2068:, Late
1954:led by
1857:led by
1802:led by
1778:led by
1475:Formed
1472:Led By
1440:(1999)
1409:(1989)
1391:(1983)
1306:Haryana
1285:Haryana
927:Haryana
907:Haryana
880:Haryana
853:Haryana
725:Gujarat
649:) from
613:) from
379:Ayodhya
300:History
278:Lok Dal
228:Colours
104:faction
102:Lok Dal
98:faction
66: (
58:Founded
48:Founder
2913:Lokdal
2886:Others
2408:
2296:
2237:
2204:
2176:4 June
2096:Punjab
2092:Indian
1263:State
955:Votes
779:Odisha
675:State
471:under
364:Advani
311:, the
232:
199:Centre
2805:INDIA
1754:2018
1734:1996
1714:1997
1689:1997
1669:1992
1636:2023
1612:2021
1588:2021
1564:2015
1544:2003
1524:1999
1504:1996
1266:Year
1245:days
1220:days
1192:Year
1143:Year
1099:Year
949:Year
752:Bihar
678:Year
651:Bihar
540:Image
323:with
235:Green
2652:2018
2580:2018
2478:link
2406:ISBN
2385:2015
2355:2015
2333:2015
2307:2015
2294:ISBN
2274:2015
2248:2015
2235:ISBN
2215:2015
2202:ISBN
2178:2024
2085:Sikh
1650:Pro-
1485:Pro-
1254:No.
1183:No.
1134:No.
1090:No.
973:143
965:143
666:No.
546:Year
417:and
362:got
346:and
79:2003
2834:NDA
1487:NDA
1060:40
1031:13
1023:46
1002:84
994:59
642:— (
606:— (
537:No.
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354:'s
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