4098:; section on 'The Monasterie of Tynmouth' (pp 35–6 in the 1836 publication). This states that the Prior "whose name ys GARDENER ... ys descended of the noble Queen Kateryn, wyfe of Kyng Henry the vith ... For the said Quene Kateryne was after maryed to Owayn Teddur, by whom he had yssue ... Jasper Duc of Bedford. Whiche Jasper begat a bastard doughter called Ellen, maryed Willyam Gardener, who was father to my said Lord Priour". The record adds: "Be it noted that the said PRIOUR OF TYNMOUTH, hath given unto me, Norrey King of Arms of the North parties, this pedigre and armes of his awne reporte, which he woll offerme at all tymes to verefy and approve before the Kynge and his Counsaill, that this pedigre is true and the armes also."
55:
311:. After 1485, he would describe himself as the "high and mighty Prince Jasper, brother and uncle of Kings, Duke of Bedford and Earl of Pembroke". During his time at court, Jasper constantly tried to work with the Duke of York and other nobles in order to try to stop the infighting between the two houses. It was after the death of his elder brother, Edmund, that Jasper took over the responsibility of maintaining the Lancastrian ties within Wales. Along with this, he took into his care his sister-in-law and infant nephew.
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175:
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3143:
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530:
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3599:(1675–6) states that Jasper Tudor "departed this Life ... leaving no other Issue than one Illegitimate Daughter, called Ellen/Helen, who became the Wife of William Gardner, Citizen of London". Dugdale (1605–1686), an eminent antiquarian and scholar, was Norroy King of Arms (1660–1679) and Garter King of Arms (1679–1686). The records of Tonge's 1530 Visitation held by the
4426:
4399:
303:
was after her death that Henry would begin to care for them and eventually raise them to the peerage by giving both brothers earldoms. Jasper became Earl of
Pembroke on 23 November 1452, the seventh creation. In turn, Edmund and Jasper swore unwavering loyalty to Henry and fought and promoted him and his Lancastrian family's interests persistently throughout their lives.
3660:, with an added border ('bordure') or superimposed 'label' to serve as 'marks of difference'. The differenced versions of the Plantagenet arms granted by Henry VI to his maternal half-brothers Jasper and Edmund Tudor were extraordinary grants since they were not descended from the English royal family. See the main articles
306:
Owen and
Catherine's marriage was not recognised by the authorities, in large part due to the secrecy under which it was accomplished, and so the legitimacy of Jasper and his two (or three) siblings was questionable. However, Jasper enjoyed all the privileges appropriate to his birth, including being
302:
was released from prison, most likely thanks to his stepson Henry VI who, after providing for his stepfather, also provided for his two half-brothers. It is not clear whether Henry VI had known of the existence of his half-brothers until his mother told him while she was dying in
Bermondsey Abbey. It
282:
In 1442, their half-brother the King began to take an interest in their upbringing. Sometime after March 1442, Jasper and his brother were brought to live at court. Henry arranged for the best priest to educate them intellectually and morally. The brothers also received military training; when they
435:
and although King Edward IV placed diplomatic pressure on him, the uncle and nephew remained safe from the clutches of the
Yorkist king, who died later in April 1483. For 11 years, the Château de Suscinio became an armed camp, alert against any attempt to kidnap Jasper and Henry and return them to
4159:(retrieved 15 February 2018); and the preface to the 1836 Surtees Society publication of Tonge's 1530 Visitation. As Norroy King of Arms, Dugdale, like Tonge, was the member of the College of Arms with heraldic jurisdiction for the counties of England north of the River Trent.
407:, was restored to the throne, but following the return of King Edward IV from temporary exile in 1471, Jasper fled again to the continent. During his time on the continent, he travelled and attempted to gather support for the Lancastrian cause. While escaping from
460:
who allowed them to stay and provided them with resources. Shortly afterwards, when Duke
Francis II had recovered, he offered the 400 remaining Lancastrians, still at and around the Château de Suscinio, safe-conduct into France and even paid for their expenses.
3568:. They contain a claim by Prior Gardener, of Tynmouth Monastery in Northumberland, to be the son of Ellen/Helen, a bastard daughter of Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford, and her husband William Gardener. The heraldic arms claimed by Prior Gardener include a shield
443:
In
October 1483, the Tudors launched an invasion of England from Brittany. However, the invasion failed and Jasper Tudor and his nephew Henry returned to Brittany. In mid-1484, when the Duke of Brittany was incapacitated with illness, his treasurer,
3579:
Thomas
Gardyner was appointed prior of Tynmouth in 1528. He was then a monk of Westminster Abbey, and 'familiar to followers of the Tudor household as a grandson of the King's great-uncle, Jasper'. His appointment as prior was actively supported by
3610:, Bishop of Winchester and Lord Chancellor. The account that Gardiner was a descendant of Jasper Tudor is now discredited: it appears that this assertion arose from confusing Stephen Gardiner, the Bishop, with Thomas Gardiner, Prior of Tynmouth.
4932:
Briefly joined the
Lancastrians. Briefly joined the Yorkists. Defected from the Yorkist to the Lancastrian cause. Initially a Yorkist who later supported the Tudor claim. Initially a Lancastrian who later supported the Tudor claim.
4187:, First edition (1887–1898), 2nd revised edition ed by V. Gibbs, vol ii (1912) at p. 73 n. (d): "Helen, his illegit. da. m. William Gardiner, citizen of London, and was mother of Stephen, the celebrated Bishop of Winchester".
456:, learned of the scheme and warned the Tudors in time. Jasper and Henry then managed to escape separately, hours ahead of Landais' soldiers, across the nearby border into France. They were received at the court of King
4074:
Edited by the antiquarian W. Hylton Dyer
Longstaffe FSA. At the time of publication in 1836, there were two copies of the records of this Visitation: one, presumed to be Tonge's original notes, was held in the
452:, to send Jasper and his nephew back to England in exchange for a pledge of 3,000 English archers to defend Brittany against a threatened French attack. John Morton, the Bishop of Ely who was then in exile in
464:
On Henry Tudor's subsequent accession to the throne in 1485, Jasper Tudor had all previous attainders annulled, and was thus restored to all his former titles, including Knight of the Garter, and was created
4083:
in the
British Museum (now in the British Library). The 1836 publication publishes the copy in the Harleian MSS without collation to the College of Arms copy: see the preface to the 1836 publication.
279:, a great favourite of Henry VI, and was able to provide Jasper and his siblings with food, clothing, and lodging. They were also permitted servants to wait upon them as the King's half-siblings.
496:
3510:
139:
378:
4643:
3661:
3657:
327:
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to represent his claim to the French throne, a practice followed by subsequent English Kings until 1801. These arms were also borne by some cadet branches of the
4006:
1735:
4294:
2076:
489:
267:, in 1431, his parents' second child. After the death of Jasper's mother in 1437, Owen Tudor was arrested and sent to Newgate prison. Jasper, his brother
3057:
4539:
5012:
4180:: " ... left an illegitimate daughter, Helen, who is said to have married William Gardiner, and to have been the mother of Stephen Gardiner ";
4524:
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2083:
917:
276:
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2117:
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319:
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5002:
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570:
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Jasper Tudor also brought up his nephew, Henry Tudor, whose father, Edmund Tudor had died before his birth. After being welcomed by King
318:
for supporting his Lancastrian half-brother, the deposed King Henry, to whom Jasper was loyal. He strove to place his half-nephew Prince
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1981:
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908:
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268:
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1162:
537:
381:. Subsequently, he remained in touch with his sister-in-law, Margaret of Anjou, wife of his half-brother Henry VI and he held
4997:
4879:
4579:
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4853:
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4678:
4604:
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4253:
2065:
358:
3882:
3553:
Jasper Tudor acknowledged paternity of no illegitimate children during his lifetime and none are recognised in his will.
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1553:
424:
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54:
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4748:
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2100:
2057:
396:
in 1462, Jasper stayed in France for 6 years before returning to North Wales in 1468. On his return, Jasper lost
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4010:
4848:
4818:
4346:
3955:
3219:
1726:
4065:
The 1530 Heraldic Visitations were carried out by the Kings of Arms under warrants granted by King Henry VIII.
4992:
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4688:
3518:
831:
264:
76:
4899:
189:
and a leading architect of his nephew's successful accession to the throne in 1485. He was a member of the
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457:
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3569:
1433:
1085:
588:
331:
205:
3591:
The next source dates from the late 17th century, nearly two hundred years after Jasper Tudor's death.
3545:, who had been executed for treason in 1483. There were no children of her marriage with Jasper Tudor.
349:
Jasper Tudor was an adventurer whose military expertise, some of it gained in the early stages of the
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4889:
4833:
4394:
4181:
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861:
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Jasper Tudor briefly regained the earldom of Pembroke a couple of years later when his half-brother,
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272:
253:
186:
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2008:
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1120:
404:
237:
229:
197:
190:
166:
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1441:
893:
393:
386:
374:
354:
338:
245:
233:
3857:
4143:
427:. Francis housed Jasper, his nephew, and the core of their group of exiled Lancastrians at the
341:, near Cardiff. It now holds the Cathedral bells, and is named the Jasper Tower in his honour.
174:
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17:
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520:
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to William Herbert, when Herbert was given the title of Earl of Pembroke by King Edward IV.
288:
93:
46:
3588:
also approved, as the priory was a dependency of St Alban's Abbey, where Wolsey was abbot.
3564:(d. 1534). The records of Tonge's Heraldic Visitation were first published in 1836, by the
4569:
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3461:
3440:
3147:
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397:
97:
42:
4093:
Heraldic Visitation of the Northern Counties in 1530 by Thomas Tonge, Norroy King of Arms
448:, who took over the reins of government, reached an agreement with the new Yorkist king,
4096:
3606:
In the 19th century the account was embroidered, to make Ellen (or Helen) the mother of
3556:
The earliest formal source for any illegitimate child of Jasper Tudor appears to be the
353:, was considerable. Nevertheless, the only major battle he had taken part in before the
275:, a nun at Barking Abbey, in Essex, from July 1437 to March 1442. She was the sister of
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108:
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4170:
Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerages of England, Ireland and Scotland
3585:
876:
260:
129:
80:
4628:
3883:"Llandaff Cathedral - Bell Tower - Cardiff, Wales. - Bell Towers on Waymarking.com"
3182:
201:
151:
4248:
330:
assist her son Henry Tudor to win the throne in 1485 as King Henry VII, father of
4033:
3949:
3945:
4212:
4127:"Iasper of Hatfeild Earl of Pembroke and Duke of Bedford", in William Dugdale's
3581:
369:, where his head was placed on the market cross. Jasper occupied the castles of
283:
grew up they were given military positions. Jasper was recognised as Henry VI's
3858:"Llandaff Cathedral, History & Visiting Information | Historic Wales Guide"
4599:
4425:
4398:
4324:
3652:. The French Royal Arms quartered with those of England were first adopted by
1507:
416:
299:
162:
314:
On the accession of the Yorkist King Edward IV in 1461, he was subject to an
4364:
4110:(2021) James G Clark at pages 149–150, 157, 550 note 85, citing Pearce E.H.
3096:
437:
315:
185:(c. November 1431 – 21 December 1495) was the uncle of King
326:, his half-brother's wife. Jasper would also help his other sister-in-law
322:
on the throne and provided absolute loyalty to his royal half-brother and
196:
Jasper Tudor's coat of arms, granted to him by his maternal half-brother,
4374:
3920:
Politics and the Nation 1450–1660: Obedience, resistance and Public Order
3753:
3627:
453:
420:
366:
124:
112:
432:
248:'s renowned chancellor. This connection added greatly to his status in
213:
116:
440:
and would have been promptly executed as threats to the Yorkist rule.
4272:
4173:
337:
In 1485, Jasper financed the rebuilding of the north-west tower of
3538:
408:
249:
173:
4276:
4197:
Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial And Medieval Families
361:
in February 1461, where he lost the battle to the future king,
517:) and Princes of Wales are noted, as are the monarchs' reigns.
365:. His father, Owen Tudor, was then captured and beheaded at
3833:"The history of the suburb of Llandaff – Cardiffians.co.uk"
4079:; the other, a more polished copy, was included with the
4199:, Douglas Richardson (2nd edn, 2011) at pp. 368–371.
4867:
4721:
4613:
4408:
4345:
4338:
1535:
Duke of Lancaster, Prince of Wales, King of England
158:
146:
135:
123:
103:
87:
64:
34:
4249:"TUDOR, JASPER (c. 1431 – 1495), earl of Pembroke"
3560:of the northern counties in 1530 by Thomas Tonge,
271:, and possibly a sister were put into the care of
4172:(1831) at pp 524–5; W. A. J. Archbold's entry on
240:. Through his father, Jasper was a descendant of
3931:
3906:
3819:
3807:
3795:
3783:
3771:
3728:
3704:
3762:, 23 September 2004. Accessed 2 February 2019.
3680:Historical Dictionary of the Elizabethan World
4288:
4007:"Rotuli Parliamentorum A.D. 1485 1 Henry VII"
490:
59:Jasper Tudor and his wife Catherine Woodville
8:
3951:Government and Community: England, 1450–1509
3650:Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family
3630:, which Lady Agnes Cheyne, the incumbent of
4242:. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 32.
4238:Griffiths, Ralph A.; Thomas, Roger (1985).
4176:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885–1900
4342:
4295:
4281:
4273:
4229:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4157:College of Arms, 'Records and Collections'
4131:(1675–6) vol iii p. 241 at 242, online at
3572:the arms of Jasper Tudor, 'debruised by a
497:
483:
475:
287:when, on 23 November 1452, he was created
53:
31:
4038:. Harvard University Press. p. 119.
3662:Coats of arms of the House of Plantagenet
3509:Jasper was married on 7 November 1485 to
212:(that is, a blue border featuring golden
4217:Lancaster and York, the war of the roses
3922:(Sussex: The Harvester Press, 1974), 60.
3513:(c. 1458–1509). She was the daughter of
4525:Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland
4520:Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland
4116:Heads of Religious Houses III 1377–1540
3759:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3642:
3622:on 21 December 1495, and was buried at
277:William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk
4445:Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales
4222:
3603:would have been available to Dugdale.
3543:Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham
4978:15th-century Welsh military personnel
4540:Humphrey Stafford, Duke of Buckingham
4515:Thomas Neville, Bastard of Fauconberg
4455:Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset
4450:Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset
4440:Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of England
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411:with his nephew Henry, storms in the
7:
4694:George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence
4144:College of Arms, 'Some Past Heralds'
3740:
3716:
3692:
252:. His mother was a daughter of King
4689:Edmund Plantagenet, Earl of Rutland
4575:Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron Clifford
4435:Margaret of Anjou, Queen of England
3195:Duke of Gloucester, King of England
4669:Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury
4639:Thomas FitzGerald, Earl of Desmond
4535:Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham
4108:The Dissolution of the Monasteries
3658:English Royal House of Plantagenet
3535:Richard Woodville, 3rd Earl Rivers
3531:Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers
3515:Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers
1125:Duke of Lancaster, King of England
25:
4644:William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke
4560:George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury
4505:John Neville, Marquess of Montagu
3754:"Tudor, Jasper , duke of Bedford"
469:. In 1488, he took possession of
4937:
4936:
4699:Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Devon
4649:William Hastings, Baron Hastings
4634:John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln
4618:
4510:Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick
4465:Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset
4460:John Beaumont, Viscount Beaumont
4424:
4413:
4397:
4387:
4377:
4367:
4357:
4114:(1916) at p 175, and Smith D.M.
3954:. Massachusetts, United States:
3455:
3434:
3418:Prince of Wales, King of England
3141:
3079:
2428:
2396:
2377:
2126:
1090:Prince of Wales, King of England
528:
423:, where they sought refuge with
27:Anglo-Welsh nobleman (1431–1495)
5013:People of the Wars of the Roses
4920:Second Cornish uprising of 1497
4659:Francis Lovell, Viscount Lovell
4565:John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury
4240:The Making of the Tudor Dynasty
3422:
3371:
3199:
3112:
3105:
2024:
2017:
1539:
1133:
1094:
597:
538:Family tree of English monarchs
436:England, where they were under
4880:Issue of Edward III of England
4629:Anne Neville, Queen of England
4590:Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke
4585:Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond
504:English royal families in the
377:in 1456 until he lost them to
236:. He was thus half-brother to
210:bordure azure with martlets or
18:Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke
1:
4973:15th-century English nobility
4854:Stafford and Lovell rebellion
4679:William Neville, Earl of Kent
4664:John Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk
4605:Edward Woodville, Lord Scales
4550:George Stanley, Baron Strange
4545:Thomas Stanley, Earl of Derby
4495:Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter
4490:John Courtenay, Earl of Devon
4485:John Clifford, Baron Clifford
4470:John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley
4254:Dictionary of Welsh Biography
3985:. Sphere Books. p. 297.
3979:Kendall, Paul Murray (1973).
3634:, bequeathed to him in 1494.
3584:, and it is most likely that
3101:Duke of York, King of England
2151:Duke of York, Prince of Wales
224:Jasper was the second son of
183:Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford
68:
4754:Siege of the Tower of London
4654:John Howard, Duke of Norfolk
4475:James Butler, Earl of Ormond
425:Francis II, Duke of Brittany
178:Coat of arms of Jasper Tudor
5003:Lords Lieutenant of Ireland
4814:1470 Lincolnshire Rebellion
4500:John Neville, Baron Neville
4480:John Butler, Earl of Ormond
4146:retrieved 15 February 2018.
4134:retrieved 15 February 2018.
3932:Griffiths & Thomas 1985
3907:Griffiths & Thomas 1985
3820:Griffiths & Thomas 1985
3808:Griffiths & Thomas 1985
3796:Griffiths & Thomas 1985
3784:Griffiths & Thomas 1985
3772:Griffiths & Thomas 1985
3729:Griffiths & Thomas 1985
3705:Griffiths & Thomas 1985
5034:
5008:People of the Tudor period
4580:James Tuchet, Baron Audley
359:Battle of Mortimer's Cross
4930:
4310:
4259:National Library of Wales
4168:See, for example: Burke,
3494:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3320:
3318:
3312:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3294:
3258:
3254:
3240:
3238:
3232:
3230:
3186:
3179:
3092:
3061:
3054:
3030:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2953:
2951:
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2943:
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2931:
2925:
2919:
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2909:
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2903:
2901:
2899:
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2885:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2855:
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2823:
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2817:
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2813:
2811:
2809:
2807:
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2803:
2801:
2799:
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2733:
2731:
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2707:
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2699:
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2675:
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2659:
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2649:
2647:
2645:
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2631:
2629:
2613:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2595:
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2591:
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2577:
2575:
2563:
2561:
2553:
2551:
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2535:
2533:
2363:
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2327:
2325:
2321:
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2311:
2309:
2307:
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2299:
2289:
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2279:
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2241:
2237:
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2229:
2227:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2207:
2205:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2144:
2080:
2004:
1993:
1991:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1916:
1914:
1908:
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1896:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1878:
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1814:
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1699:
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1679:
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1673:
1671:
1665:
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1655:
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1625:
1623:
1615:
1613:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1597:
1589:
1585:
1573:
1571:
1526:
1515:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1484:
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1480:
1463:
1459:
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1438:
1426:
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1408:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1362:
1360:
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1348:
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1300:
1294:
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1234:
1232:
1226:
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1222:
1188:
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1077:
1075:
1073:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1055:
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1051:
1041:
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1023:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1009:
1007:
1005:
993:
989:
987:
985:
973:
971:
955:
953:
947:
945:
939:
937:
935:
933:
927:
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890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
824:
822:
820:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
762:
760:
758:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
730:
726:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
684:
682:
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
527:=Killed in action;
379:William Herbert of Raglan
208:, with the addition of a
191:Tudor family of Penmynydd
91:21 December 1495 (age 64)
52:
41:
4112:The Monks of Westminster
4035:Thomas More: A Biography
3956:Harvard University Press
3678:Wagner, John A. (2000).
4895:Bonville–Courtenay feud
3519:Jacquetta of Luxembourg
415:forced them to land at
265:Hatfield, Hertfordshire
259:Jasper was born at the
4844:Buckingham's rebellion
4824:Readeption of Henry VI
4247:Pierce, T. J. (1959).
4174:"Jasper Tudor" in the
3944:Lander, Jack (1981) .
458:Charles VIII of France
450:Richard III of England
328:Lady Margaret Beaufort
206:three lions of England
202:three lilies of France
179:
4998:Knights of the Garter
4530:Thomas Ros, Baron Ros
4315:Red Rose of Lancaster
4219:. London. p. 81.
3837:www.cardiffians.co.uk
3666:Royal Arms of England
3618:Jasper Tudor died at
3505:Marriage and children
3449:Richard of Shrewsbury
3156:Edward of Westminster
2112:Duchess of Buckingham
1736:Richard of Conisburgh
228:and the former queen
220:Family and early life
177:
4905:Neville–Neville feud
4890:Princes in the Tower
4184:The Complete Peerage
3521:, and was sister to
1113:Philippa of Clarence
862:Blanche of Lancaster
363:Edward IV of England
309:Knight of the Garter
285:uterine half-brother
273:Katherine de la Pole
254:Charles VI of France
232:, the widow of King
187:Henry VII of England
72: November 1431
4684:Sir Richard Herbert
4129:Baronage of England
4032:Marius, R. (1999).
4013:on 2 September 2013
3632:Chenies Manor House
3597:Baronage of England
3562:Norroy King of Arms
3558:Heraldic Visitation
3527:Elizabeth Woodville
3511:Catherine Woodville
3089:Elizabeth Woodville
3058:Catherine Woodville
1519:Catherine of Valois
918:Thomas of Woodstock
832:Edward of Woodstock
429:Château de Suscinio
320:Edward of Lancaster
230:Catherine of Valois
167:Catherine of Valois
140:Catherine Woodville
5018:Lords of Glamorgan
4900:Percy–Neville feud
4779:St Albans (Second)
4674:Sir Thomas Neville
4320:White Rose of York
4095:(1836); online at
3887:www.waymarking.com
3549:Illegitimate issue
3127:George Plantagenet
3068:Duke of Buckingham
1557:Duke of Gloucester
1442:Elizabeth Mortimer
921:Duke of Gloucester
894:Katherine Swynford
836:"The Black Prince"
394:Louis XI of France
387:House of Lancaster
355:Battle of Bosworth
339:Llandaff Cathedral
246:Llywelyn the Great
234:Henry V of England
180:
4988:Earls of Pembroke
4950:
4949:
4729:St Albans (First)
4717:
4716:
4595:Margaret Beaufort
4304:Wars of the Roses
4045:978-0-674-88525-7
3982:Richard the Third
3934:, pp. 60–64.
3822:, pp. 46–47.
3502:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3406:Elizabeth of York
3023:Margaret Beaufort
2468:Humphrey Stafford
2411:Margaret Beaufort
2392:Richard Woodville
1997:Margaret of Anjou
1727:Edward of Norwich
909:Edmund of Langley
880:Duke of Lancaster
853:Lionel of Antwerp
574:Duke of Lancaster
571:Henry of Grosmont
506:Wars of the Roses
351:Wars of the Roses
345:Wars of the Roses
324:Margaret of Anjou
172:
171:
16:(Redirected from
5025:
4983:Dukes of Bedford
4940:
4939:
4774:Mortimer's Cross
4704:Margaret of York
4622:
4428:
4417:
4401:
4391:
4381:
4371:
4361:
4343:
4297:
4290:
4283:
4274:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4243:
4234:
4228:
4220:
4200:
4194:
4188:
4166:
4160:
4153:
4147:
4141:
4135:
4125:
4119:
4118:(2008) at p 154.
4105:
4099:
4090:
4084:
4072:
4066:
4063:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4029:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4009:. Archived from
4003:
3997:
3996:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3923:
3916:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3811:
3805:
3799:
3793:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3750:
3744:
3738:
3732:
3726:
3720:
3714:
3708:
3702:
3696:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3675:
3669:
3647:
3620:Thornbury Castle
3614:Death and burial
3608:Stephen Gardiner
3523:King Edward IV's
3464:
3459:
3443:
3438:
3431:
3426:
3424:
3375:
3374: 1485–1509
3373:
3367:
3222:
3217:
3208:
3203:
3202: 1483–1485
3201:
3177:
3172:
3163:
3150:
3145:
3138:
3134:
3130:Duke of Clarence
3121:
3116:
3115: 1471–1483
3114:
3109:
3108: 1461–1470
3107:
3083:
3076:
3072:
3052:
3039:
3028:
2531:
2526:
2517:
2513:
2498:
2493:
2484:
2480:
2462:
2457:
2448:
2437:
2432:
2425:
2421:Duke of Somerset
2405:
2400:
2386:
2381:
2374:
2370:Duke of Somerset
2169:
2164:
2155:
2135:
2130:
2123:
2103:
2098:
2089:
2071:
2060:
2055:
2046:
2042:Duke of Somerset
2033:
2028:
2027: 1470–1471
2026:
2021:
2020: 1422–1461
2019:
2002:
1989:
1985:Duke of Somerset
1743:Anne de Mortimer
1548:
1543:
1542: 1413–1422
1541:
1524:
1513:
1157:
1137:
1136: 1399–1413
1135:
1129:
1098:
1097: 1377–1399
1096:
856:Duke of Clarence
601:
600: 1327–1377
599:
543:
542:
532:
525:
499:
492:
485:
476:
289:Earl of Pembroke
119:
94:Thornbury Castle
83:
73:
70:
57:
47:Earl of Pembroke
32:
21:
5033:
5032:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5023:
5022:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4926:
4863:
4839:Siege of London
4713:
4709:Richard of York
4617:
4609:
4570:Andrew Trollope
4555:William Stanley
4423:
4419:
4418:
4412:
4404:
4334:
4306:
4301:
4263:
4261:
4246:
4237:
4221:
4211:
4208:
4203:
4195:
4191:
4167:
4163:
4154:
4150:
4142:
4138:
4126:
4122:
4106:
4102:
4091:
4087:
4077:College of Arms
4073:
4069:
4064:
4060:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4031:
4030:
4026:
4016:
4014:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3993:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3966:
3958:. p. 324.
3943:
3942:
3938:
3930:
3926:
3917:
3913:
3905:
3901:
3891:
3889:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3866:
3864:
3862:Britain Express
3856:
3855:
3851:
3841:
3839:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3818:
3814:
3806:
3802:
3794:
3790:
3782:
3778:
3770:
3766:
3751:
3747:
3739:
3735:
3727:
3723:
3715:
3711:
3703:
3699:
3691:
3687:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3654:King Edward III
3648:
3644:
3640:
3616:
3601:College of Arms
3593:William Dugdale
3566:Surtees Society
3551:
3507:
3460:
3453:
3451:
3439:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3363:King of England
3362:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3159:Prince of Wales
3158:
3146:
3139:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3119:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3050:
3049:
3048:Duke of Bedford
3047:
3037:
3036:
3026:
3025:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2504:Richard Neville
2489:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2433:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:Edmund Beaufort
2401:
2394:
2382:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:Richard of York
2131:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:Richard Neville
2111:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2077:Eleanor Neville
2069:
2068:
2066:William Neville
2051:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2039:Edmund Beaufort
2031:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2014:
2013:King of England
2012:
2000:
1999:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1729:
1556:
1546:
1545:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1522:
1521:
1511:
1510:
1165:
1163:Thomas Beaufort
1155:
1154:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1093:
1091:
1089:
920:
911:
879:
855:
839:Prince of Wales
838:
834:
596:
594:
593:King of England
592:
573:
534:
521:
518:
503:
467:Duke of Bedford
413:English Channel
398:Pembroke Castle
347:
332:King Henry VIII
297:
222:
200:, quarters the
165:
107:
98:Gloucestershire
92:
75:
74:
71:
60:
45:
43:Duke of Bedford
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5031:
5029:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4993:House of Tudor
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4955:
4954:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4915:Battle of Deal
4910:Perkin Warbeck
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4885:Titulus Regius
4882:
4877:
4871:
4869:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4849:Bosworth Field
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4819:Losecoat Field
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4744:Ludford Bridge
4741:
4736:
4734:Loveday (1458)
4731:
4725:
4723:
4719:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4625:
4623:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4431:
4429:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4392:
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4351:
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4340:
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4311:
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4300:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4244:
4235:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4189:
4182:G.E.Cokayne's
4161:
4148:
4136:
4120:
4100:
4085:
4067:
4058:
4044:
4024:
3998:
3991:
3971:
3964:
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3924:
3911:
3899:
3874:
3849:
3824:
3812:
3800:
3788:
3776:
3764:
3752:Thomas, R. S.
3745:
3743:, p. 100.
3733:
3721:
3709:
3697:
3685:
3682:. p. 309.
3670:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3624:Keynsham Abbey
3615:
3612:
3550:
3547:
3537:. She was the
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3499:
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3224:
3223:
3220:Bosworth Field
3187:
3185:
3180:
3178:
3153:
3151:
3124:
3122:
3093:
3091:
3086:
3084:
3065:Henry Stafford
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2472:
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2465:
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2413:
2408:
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2389:
2387:
2367:Henry Beaufort
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2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2145:
2143:
2141:Cecily Neville
2138:
2136:
2115:
2113:
2106:
2104:
2081:
2079:
2074:
2072:
2063:
2061:
2036:
2034:
2005:
2003:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
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1937:
1935:
1933:
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1911:
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1474:
1473:
1471:Roger Mortimer
1468:
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1211:
1209:
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1201:
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1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1166:Duke of Exeter
1160:
1158:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1108:
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1081:
1080:
1078:
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1060:
1058:
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1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
949:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
923:
922:
915:
913:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
859:
857:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
828:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
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755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
734:
733:
731:
729:
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
683:
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
641:
638:
636:
635:
633:
631:
629:
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
575:
568:
566:
564:
562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
546:
513:Dukes (except
509:
508:
502:
501:
494:
487:
479:
471:Cardiff Castle
446:Pierre Landais
383:Denbigh Castle
346:
343:
307:invested as a
296:
293:
242:Ednyfed Fychan
226:Sir Owen Tudor
221:
218:
170:
169:
160:
156:
155:
148:
144:
143:
137:
133:
132:
127:
121:
120:
109:Keynsham Abbey
105:
101:
100:
89:
85:
84:
66:
62:
61:
58:
50:
49:
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5030:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4943:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4875:Act of Accord
4873:
4872:
4870:
4866:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4799:Hedgeley Moor
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4616:
4612:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4422:
4416:
4411:
4407:
4400:
4396:
4393:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4370:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4337:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4298:
4293:
4291:
4286:
4284:
4279:
4278:
4275:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4241:
4236:
4232:
4226:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4198:
4193:
4190:
4186:
4185:
4179:
4177:
4171:
4165:
4162:
4158:
4152:
4149:
4145:
4140:
4137:
4133:
4130:
4124:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4104:
4101:
4097:
4094:
4089:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4071:
4068:
4062:
4059:
4047:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4028:
4025:
4012:
4008:
4002:
3999:
3994:
3992:0-351-17095-2
3988:
3984:
3983:
3975:
3972:
3967:
3965:0-674-35794-9
3961:
3957:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3946:"Richard III"
3940:
3937:
3933:
3928:
3925:
3921:
3918:Loades, D.M.
3915:
3912:
3908:
3903:
3900:
3888:
3884:
3878:
3875:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3850:
3838:
3834:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3816:
3813:
3810:, p. 43.
3809:
3804:
3801:
3798:, p. 20.
3797:
3792:
3789:
3786:, p. 33.
3785:
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3773:
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3755:
3749:
3746:
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3731:, p. 32.
3730:
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3719:, p. 88.
3718:
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3706:
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3586:Thomas Wolsey
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3574:bend sinister
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1982:John Beaufort
1979:
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401:
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150:Helen Tudor (
149:
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81:Hertfordshire
78:
67:
63:
56:
51:
48:
44:
40:
33:
30:
19:
4589:
4262:. Retrieved
4252:
4239:
4216:
4213:Weir, Alison
4196:
4192:
4183:
4175:
4169:
4164:
4151:
4139:
4128:
4123:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4092:
4088:
4081:Harleian MSS
4070:
4061:
4049:. Retrieved
4034:
4027:
4015:. Retrieved
4011:the original
4001:
3981:
3974:
3950:
3939:
3927:
3919:
3914:
3909:, p. 1.
3902:
3890:. Retrieved
3886:
3877:
3865:. Retrieved
3861:
3852:
3840:. Retrieved
3836:
3827:
3815:
3803:
3791:
3779:
3767:
3757:
3748:
3736:
3724:
3712:
3700:
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3679:
3673:
3645:
3617:
3605:
3596:
3590:
3578:
3555:
3552:
3508:
3452:Duke of York
3420:
3412:
3369:
3357:
3214:
3197:
3189:
3183:Anne Neville
3169:
3103:
3095:
3045:Jasper Tudor
3044:
3034:Edmund Tudor
2523:
2507:
2490:
2475:John Neville
2454:
2161:
2109:Anne Neville
2095:
2052:
2015:
2007:
1730:Duke of York
1537:
1529:
1131:
1119:
1092:
1084:
912:Duke of York
835:
595:
587:
535:
522:
512:
463:
442:
402:
391:
348:
336:
313:
305:
298:
281:
263:'s manor at
258:
223:
209:
195:
182:
181:
152:illegitimate
125:Noble family
36:Jasper Tudor
29:
4968:1495 deaths
4963:1431 births
4859:Stoke Field
4784:Ferrybridge
4759:Northampton
4739:Blore Heath
4385:Richard III
4339:Key figures
4330:Family tree
4206:Works cited
4051:21 February
3582:Mary Boleyn
3425: 1483
3366:Lancastrian
3191:Richard III
3162:Lancastrian
3137:Lancastrian
3075:Lancastrian
3051:Lancastrian
3038:Lancastrian
3027:Lancastrian
2516:Lancastrian
2508:"Kingmaker"
2483:Lancastrian
2447:Lancastrian
2443:Henry Percy
2424:Lancastrian
2373:Lancastrian
2088:Lancastrian
2084:Henry Percy
2045:Lancastrian
2032:Lancastrian
2001:Lancastrian
1988:Lancastrian
1547:Lancastrian
1523:Lancastrian
1512:Lancastrian
1434:Henry Percy
1156:Lancastrian
1128:Lancastrian
375:Aberystwyth
4957:Categories
4834:Tewkesbury
4600:Owen Tudor
4325:Tudor rose
3892:3 February
3867:28 January
3842:28 January
3638:References
3175:Tewkesbury
2435:Tewkesbury
1508:Owen Tudor
1086:Richard II
589:Edward III
417:Le Conquet
371:Carmarthen
300:Owen Tudor
163:Owen Tudor
4769:Wakefield
4410:Lancaster
4395:Henry VII
4365:Edward IV
4225:cite book
4178:, Vol. 57
3741:Weir 1995
3717:Weir 1995
3693:Weir 1995
3359:Henry VII
3097:Edward IV
2167:Wakefield
2133:Wakefield
1436:"Hotspur"
536:See also
533:=Executed
515:Aquitaine
438:attainder
389:in 1460.
316:attainder
295:Adulthood
204:with the
142:(m. 1485)
136:Spouse(s)
4942:Category
4868:See also
4749:Sandwich
4375:Edward V
4355:Henry VI
4347:Monarchs
4264:14 April
4215:(1995).
3664:and the
3628:Somerset
3570:impaling
3414:Edward V
2403:Edgecote
2009:Henry VI
1554:Humphrey
1121:Henry IV
454:Flanders
421:Brittany
385:for the
367:Hereford
357:was the
238:Henry VI
214:martlets
113:Somerset
77:Hatfield
4809:Edgcote
4794:Piltown
4764:Worksop
4017:10 July
3529:and to
3430:Yorkist
3215:†
3207:Yorkist
3170:†
3135:, then
3133:Yorkist
3120:Yorkist
3073:, then
3071:Yorkist
2524:†
2514:, then
2512:Yorkist
2491:†
2481:, then
2479:Yorkist
2455:†
2162:†
2154:Yorkist
2122:Yorkist
2096:†
2070:Yorkist
2053:†
1531:Henry V
523:†
433:Sarzeau
159:Parents
117:England
4829:Barnet
4804:Hexham
4789:Towton
4722:Events
4042:
3989:
3962:
3525:queen
3454:
3433:
3211:
3166:
3140:
3078:
2529:Barnet
2520:
2496:Barnet
2487:
2460:Towton
2451:
2427:
2395:
2384:Hexham
2376:
2158:
2125:
2092:
2049:
519:
269:Edmund
104:Buried
4421:Tudor
3539:widow
3462:Tower
3441:Tower
3148:Tower
409:Tenby
250:Wales
147:Issue
130:Tudor
4615:York
4266:2023
4231:link
4155:See
4053:2022
4040:ISBN
4019:2013
3987:ISBN
3960:ISBN
3894:2022
3869:2019
3844:2019
3533:and
3517:and
373:and
88:Died
65:Born
3626:in
3595:'s
3576:'.
3541:of
431:in
419:in
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4223:{{
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
