392:
261:
411:" (the forgotten ones of Saint-Paul). In the next two decades, there were several, largely unsuccessful, attempts to harvest the lobsters using factory ships. In the period 1950 to 1956, the spiny lobsters were harvested by the French company Sapmer with about 260 tonnes of lobster tails being processed annually (equivalent to about 800 tonnes of whole lobster). This company still operates factory vessels equipped with deep-freeze facilities in the area.
77:
52:
209:
33:
426:
being collected in some years, but the industry has since waned, with less than 400 t being caught most years since 1992. The fishery became MSC-certified in 2011, and the current TAC total still stands at about 400 tonnes annually. Since 1996 it has been harvested by
Ovenstone Agencies in a
336:(claws) on its front pair of walking legs. The carapace is armoured with large flat spines, about as wide as they are long, mixed with small spines. The first few abdominal segments are sculptured with fine transverse grooves at the front of each segment with a smoother area behind.
532:
Groeneveld, Johan C.; Von der Heyden, Sophie; Mattheeb, Conrad A. (2012). "High connectivity and lack of mtDNA differentiation among two previously recognized spiny lobster species in the southern
Atlantic and Indian Oceans".
368:. This is an uncommon species throughout its range and is usually found at depths between 10 and 35 m (33 and 115 ft) but occasionally down to about 60 metres (200 ft). It is found on rocks and among
383:
is nocturnal. It feeds on seaweeds and scavenges on dead animal material. The eggs are laid from May onwards and the female incubates them under her tail for several months.
844:
309:
1030:
883:
658:
300:
in the southern
Atlantic Ocean. At one time the rock lobsters on Tristan da Cunha were believed to be a separate species known as the Tristan rock lobster (
1045:
399:
Early visitors to St Paul found that it was possible to catch a lobster by hand in shallow water in the crater lake bay, take it to a nearby submarine
989:
818:
740:
1002:
857:
576:
407:
was set up on St Paul, but the company went bankrupt three years later, stranding seven people on the island and leading to a tragedy known as "
1060:
896:
688:
1070:
332:
length of 13 cm (5 in) while females may attain a total length of 24 cm (9 in). Like other rock lobsters, it lacks
1050:
744:
590:
582:
419:
935:
511:
313:
265:
403:, and cook it, without ever removing it from the water. In 1928, a large-scale fishery and cannery for the spiny lobster using
1055:
1007:
862:
617:
J. R. Ovenden; J. D. Booth; A. J. Smolenski (1997). "Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of red and green rock lobsters (genus
1040:
792:
714:
623:
888:
1065:
391:
317:
76:
760:
353:
797:
181:
596:
940:
499:
260:
473:
41:
927:
692:
550:
361:
230:
71:
849:
1035:
976:
909:
805:
586:
408:
305:
293:
914:
875:
632:
542:
468:
345:
297:
415:
356:, so its range is rather larger than originally thought. A previously recognised species
568:
56:
1024:
870:
459:
450:
333:
328:
Males of this species grow to a total length of about 34 cm (13 in) with a
289:
198:
148:
61:
554:
344:
Although this spiny lobster was originally known only from St Paul and neighbouring
981:
967:
810:
404:
118:
208:
546:
922:
831:
138:
783:
400:
269:
360:, found around Tristan da Cunha in the southern Atlantic Ocean, has now been
308:
sequencing has shown them to be identical. Some authorities, for example the
348:
in the southern Indian Ocean, more recently it has been discovered on other
312:, retain them as separate species. The Tristan rock lobster features on the
108:
88:
718:
414:
Before 1950, the rock lobster on the
Tristan da Cunha archipelago was only
961:
777:
349:
329:
128:
427:
partnership with the Island Govt scheduled to last at least until 2026.
994:
823:
285:
836:
422:
have exploited it. Production peaked in the 1970s, with over 800
98:
754:
636:
423:
390:
259:
217:
158:
32:
901:
369:
758:
444:
442:
440:
449:
Cockcroft, A.; Butler, M.; MacDiarmid, A.; Wahle, R. (2011).
689:"St. Paul and Amsterdam Islands: A History of Two Islands"
418:
for local consumption. Since then, companies such as the
951:
767:
474:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T169980A6698477.en
420:South Atlantic Islands Development Corporation
310:International Union for Conservation of Nature
8:
755:
207:
50:
31:
20:
472:
296:in the southern Indian Ocean and around
493:
491:
436:
669:. Marine Species Identification Portal
652:
650:
648:
646:
741:"Global Capture Production 1950-2004"
7:
1031:IUCN Red List data deficient species
691:. Discoverfrance.net. Archived from
460:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
268:features St Paul rock lobsters as
14:
1046:Crustaceans of the Atlantic Ocean
745:Food and Agriculture Organization
583:Food and Agriculture Organization
395:Lobster traps in Tristan da Cuhna
512:World Register of Marine Species
266:coat of arms of Tristan da Cunha
75:
225:live in the blue and red areas
624:Marine and Freshwater Research
1:
1061:Crustaceans described in 1862
280:, also commonly known as the
667:Marine Lobsters of the World
578:Marine Lobsters of the World
547:10.1080/17451000.2012.676185
1071:Taxa named by Camill Heller
292:found in the waters around
1087:
1051:Fauna of Tristan da Cunha
409:Les Oubliés de Saint-Paul
236:
229:
215:
206:
187:
180:
72:Scientific classification
70:
48:
39:
30:
23:
717:. Sapmer. Archived from
659:"St. Paul rock lobster (
340:Distribution and habitat
318:flag of Tristan da Cunha
535:Marine Biology Research
575:(Cape rock lobster)".
498:Chan, Tin-Yam (2015).
396:
354:Southwest Indian Ridge
272:
1056:Fauna of Gough Island
467:: e.T169980A6698477.
394:
346:New Amsterdam Islands
263:
16:Species of crustacean
585:. pp. 103–104.
282:St Paul rock lobster
953:Palinurus paulensis
248:Palinurus paulensis
42:Conservation status
1041:Edible crustaceans
397:
304:), but the use of
273:
221:distribution map;
1018:
1017:
910:Open Tree of Life
761:Taxon identifiers
695:on 3 October 2007
306:mitochondrial DNA
294:Saint Paul Island
258:
257:
252:
244:
173:J. paulensis
65:
1078:
1011:
1010:
998:
997:
985:
984:
972:
971:
970:
944:
943:
931:
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918:
917:
905:
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892:
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853:
852:
840:
839:
827:
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814:
813:
801:
800:
788:
787:
786:
756:
749:
748:
737:
731:
730:
728:
726:
721:on 12 April 2015
711:
705:
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685:
679:
678:
676:
674:
654:
641:
640:
631:(8): 1131–1136.
614:
608:
607:
605:
604:
595:. Archived from
565:
559:
558:
529:
523:
522:
520:
518:
495:
486:
485:
483:
481:
476:
446:
298:Tristan da Cunha
250:
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80:
79:
59:
54:
53:
35:
21:
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1080:
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993:
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975:
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947:
939:
934:
926:
921:
913:
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895:
887:
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869:
861:
856:
848:
843:
835:
830:
822:
817:
809:
804:
796:
791:
782:
781:
776:
769:Jasus paulensis
763:
753:
752:
739:
738:
734:
724:
722:
715:"Fishing zones"
713:
712:
708:
698:
696:
687:
686:
682:
672:
670:
661:Jasus paulensis
657:Holthuis, L.B.
656:
655:
644:
637:10.1071/MF97192
616:
615:
611:
602:
600:
593:
567:
566:
562:
531:
530:
526:
516:
514:
504:(Heller, 1862)"
502:Jasus paulensis
497:
496:
489:
479:
477:
453:Jasus paulensis
448:
447:
438:
433:
389:
381:Jasus paulensis
378:
342:
326:
277:Jasus paulensis
202:
195:
191:Jasus paulensis
189:
176:
74:
66:
55:
51:
44:
25:Jasus paulensis
17:
12:
11:
5:
1084:
1082:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1023:
1022:
1016:
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999:
986:
973:
957:
955:
949:
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946:
945:
932:
919:
906:
893:
880:
867:
854:
841:
828:
815:
802:
789:
773:
771:
765:
764:
759:
751:
750:
732:
706:
680:
642:
609:
591:
573:Jasus lalandii
569:Lipke Holthuis
560:
541:(8): 764–770.
524:
487:
435:
434:
432:
429:
388:
385:
377:
374:
358:Jasus tristani
341:
338:
325:
322:
302:Jasus tristani
256:
255:
254:
253:
245:
243:Holthuis, 1963
240:Jasus tristani
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68:
67:
57:Data Deficient
49:
46:
45:
40:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1083:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1066:Île Amsterdam
1064:
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746:
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694:
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664:
662:
653:
651:
649:
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643:
638:
634:
630:
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625:
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613:
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599:on 2011-07-17
598:
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592:92-5-103027-8
588:
584:
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339:
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290:spiny lobster
287:
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182:Binomial name
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38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
952:
768:
735:
723:. Retrieved
719:the original
709:
697:. Retrieved
693:the original
683:
671:. Retrieved
666:
660:
628:
622:
618:
612:
601:. Retrieved
597:the original
577:
572:
563:
538:
534:
527:
515:. Retrieved
507:
501:
478:. Retrieved
464:
458:
452:
413:
405:lobster pots
398:
380:
379:
366:J. paulensis
365:
357:
343:
327:
314:coat of arms
301:
281:
276:
275:
274:
251:Heller, 1862
247:
239:
223:J. paulensis
222:
216:
190:
188:
172:
171:
159:
119:Malacostraca
24:
18:
923:SeaLifeBase
832:iNaturalist
480:12 November
362:synonymised
324:Description
149:Palinuridae
139:Pleocyemata
1025:Categories
968:Q109655331
603:2015-04-14
431:References
401:hot spring
270:supporters
135:Suborder:
109:Arthropoda
571:(1991). "
517:April 11,
350:seamounts
167:Species:
95:Kingdom:
89:Eukaryota
1036:Achelata
962:Wikidata
850:10212943
784:Q6493529
778:Wikidata
725:12 April
699:12 April
673:12 April
555:85369368
330:carapace
316:and the
231:Synonyms
201:, 1862)
145:Family:
129:Decapoda
105:Phylum:
99:Animalia
85:Domain:
62:IUCN 3.1
1008:1147651
995:4309391
824:5178283
387:Fishery
376:Ecology
352:on the
286:species
284:, is a
155:Genus:
125:Order:
115:Class:
60: (
941:246323
915:207363
902:246323
889:110924
876:169980
863:552955
837:103604
589:
553:
424:tonnes
416:fished
334:chelae
199:Heller
982:85WCY
936:WoRMS
928:14808
845:IRMNG
811:852W4
798:33187
619:Jasus
551:S2CID
508:WoRMS
364:with
218:Jasus
160:Jasus
1003:ITIS
990:GBIF
897:OBIS
884:NCBI
871:IUCN
858:ITIS
819:GBIF
793:BOLD
727:2015
701:2015
675:2015
621:)".
587:ISBN
519:2015
482:2021
465:2011
370:kelp
264:The
977:CoL
806:CoL
633:doi
543:doi
469:doi
288:of
1027::
1005::
992::
979::
964::
938::
925::
912::
899::
886::
873::
860::
847::
834::
821::
808::
795::
780::
743:.
665:.
663:)"
645:^
629:48
627:.
581:.
549:.
537:.
510:.
506:.
490:^
463:.
457:.
439:^
372:.
320:.
747:.
729:.
703:.
677:.
639:.
635::
606:.
557:.
545::
539:8
521:.
500:"
484:.
471::
455:"
451:"
197:(
64:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
