132:
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1178:
4544:
1004:. Japanese immigration led to the population growing from under 4,000 in 1920 to 70,000 inhabitants in 1930, and more than 80,000 in 1933. By 1935 the Japanese population alone was more than 50,000. By 1937 almost 90 percent of the population on Saipan was Japanese (42,547 out of 46,748). In the census of December 1939, the total population was 129,104, of which 77,257 were Japanese (including ethnic Chinese and Koreans), 51,723 indigenous islanders and 124 foreigners. While the settler population was growing, the indigenous Micronesian population in some areas was declining. The rights and status of the indigenous population differed from those of Japanese imperial subjects. Employment prospects for
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101:
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1063:, which became the largest commercial enterprise in Micronesia. He significantly expanded the quantities of sugar cane produced in the islands, with over 3,000 hectares (7,400 acres) under cultivation by 1925. By the early 1930s the sugar-related industries accounted for more than 60% of the mandate's revenues. At its peak the company maintained over 11,000 hectares (27,000 acres) of sugar plantations using tenant farmers, as well as operating sugar mills on Saipan,
3092:
4435:
370:
967:
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1041:, which was used in many commercial products at the time. During the 1920s and 1930s, the Japanese government pursued a policy of encouraging monopolies that paired private initiative with government capital. This strategy was intended to maximize the number of Japanese colonists. Until the late 1930s, the development of the islands was undertaken primarily to assist the Japanese civilian economy.
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The terms of the mandate required Japan not to fortify the islands. However, these terms were ambiguous and poorly-defined, specifying only that Japan should not build "fortifications" or construct "military or naval bases". From 1921 the
Japanese military began making surveys and plans so that rapid
1036:
Japanese economic involvement in
Micronesia began in the late 19th century. Before the establishment of the Mandate, small groups of Japanese entrepreneurs established commercial ventures in German Micronesia and came to control a significant proportion of the trade. However, the economic development
938:
The population of the South Seas
Mandate was too small to provide significant markets and the indigenous people had very limited financial resources for the purchase of imported goods. The major significance of the territory to the Empire of Japan was its strategic location, which dominated sea lanes
924:
in June 1929, the
Governor reported to the Minister of Colonial Affairs instead. The establishment of the "South Seas Government" or "Nan'yō-chō" in March 1932 finally put the government of the islands under a purely civilian administration. When the Ministry of Colonial Affairs was absorbed into the
902:
Between 1914 and 1920 the islands began the slow transition from naval to civilian administration. By 1920 all authority had been transferred from the Naval
Defense Force to the Civil Affairs Bureau which was directly responsible to the Navy Ministry. Initially based in Truk, the Civil Affairs Bureau
811:
to govern them, the C Class being assigned because the
Mandates Commission regarded the islands as having "low cultural, economic and political development". The terms of the Mandate specified that the islands should be demilitarized and Japan should not extend its influence further into the Pacific.
635:
in 1887, marking the first time a
Japanese civilian published a firsthand account of Micronesia. Three years later, Shiga advocated for annexation of the area by claiming that doing so would "excite an expeditionary spirit in the demoralized Japanese race." Despite the appeal imperialism had for the
860:
was rejected. Japan was able to continue administering the islands as if they were colonial possessions, keeping their waters off-limits to foreigners. When the islands became legally a League of
Nations Mandate, their Class C status gave Japan direct control over their domestic legal system. Japan
828:
Following the initial
Japanese occupation of the islands, a policy of secrecy was adopted. Japan made it plain that it did not welcome the entry of foreign ships, even those of its wartime allies, into Micronesian waters. During the first five years that Japan occupied the islands, it consolidated
713:
of 1902 had been signed primarily to serve
Britain's and Japan's common interest of opposing Russian expansion. Amongst other provisions the treaty called on each party to support the other in a war against more than one power, although it did not require a signatory state to go to war to aid the
1011:
The government of the Mandate built and maintained hospitals and schools, and free education was provided for Micronesian children aged 8–15. However, Micronesian children attended separate schools from those used by Japanese children, and the schooling provided in them was more limited and of
1099:. The islands also provided bases for the Japanese fishing fleet which was centred at Koror. Fishing formed one of the most profitable industries in the islands. Large fleets of boats were used and fish processing plants were set up on many islands. Harbor improvement works were undertaken at
640:
government nor the Navy seized any pretexts to fulfill this popular aspiration. It was through the commercial operations of fisherman and traders that the Japanese first began to make a wider presence in the region, which continued to grow despite challenges from competing German commercial
4344:
1146:
The South Seas Trading Company had an exclusive contract from 1915 with the IJN to provide freight, passenger, and mail services to the Empire as well as between the islands. The route between the Empire and the islands was subsequently taken over by the Japanese Mail Steamship Company
1000:. Agricultural workers were followed by shopkeepers, restaurant, geisha house and brothel-keepers, expanding former German settlements into Japanese boom towns. The initial population figures (1919–1920) for the mandated territories included around 50,000 islanders, made up from the
1311:" strategy which involved conducting amphibious assaults on selected Japanese island fortresses, subjecting some to air attack only and entirely skipping over others. This strategy caused the Japanese Empire to lose control of its Pacific possessions between 1943 and 1945.
1037:
of the area was hampered by the distances separating the islands, their small land areas and their small market sizes. The mandate was initially a financial liability for the Japanese government, requiring an annual subsidy from Tokyo. The cash crop of the islands was
1130:
island and expanded them. Smaller phosphate mines on neighboring islands were also opened. Total exports to Japan eventually reached around 200,000 tonnes per year. Angaur island alone produced some 60,000 tonnes per year. The phosphates were used for farming.
641:
interests. Although the Japanese public's enthusiasm for southward expansion had abated by the turn of the century, a number of important intellectuals, businessmen, and military officials continued to advocate for it. Among them were Admiral
1169:. Regular commercial flights were begun in 1940 and a regular service commenced in 1941. Commercial services ceased shortly after the start of Pacific War, but the widespread network of seaplane bases continued to be used during wartime.
820:, though by the late 1920s Tokyo was rejecting requests for official visitation or international inspection. In 1933 Japan gave notice of withdrawal from the League of Nations, the withdrawal becoming effective two years later.
929:
in November 1942, the primacy of the IJN was again recognized by the appointment of an admiral as the Governor. Furthermore, the six administrative districts were reduced to three in November 1943: North, East, and West.
907:
in the Palau islands in 1921. The naval garrisons were disbanded to comply with the terms of the Mandate. In April 1922 a civilian government was established in each of the six administrative districts (Saipan, Palau,
861:
administered them as Japanese territory and as part of the Japanese Empire. This situation continued even after Japan withdrew from the League of Nations in 1935 and lost its legal claim to administer the islands.
1381:
2583:, Paris Librarie Armand Colin, (1928) I, 189–266, Chapter X "The Nature of Japan", section XIII "Japanese Colonial Empire" (pp. 294–324), and section IV "Formosa and Southern Islands" (pp. 314–320)
946:, Japan agreed not to build new naval and air stations on the islands and it did not begin direct military preparations in the Mandate until the late 1930s. Nevertheless, the territory provided important
4463:
4106:
653:. The latter declared that the future of Japan "lies not in the north, but in the south, not on the continent, but on the ocean" and that its "great task" was to "turn the Pacific into a Japanese lake."
4800:
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Militarily and economically, Saipan, in the Marianas archipelago, was the most important island in the South Seas Mandate and became the center of subsequent Japanese settlement. The towns of
1201:" with a critical role to play in the defense of the Japanese home islands against potential US invasion. These became important staging grounds for Japanese air and naval offensives in the
4101:
4850:
1151:), the largest steamship line in the Empire. The luxurious amenities offered on board some of the company's vessels brought about the beginning of Japanese tourism to the islands.
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During the 1930s, the IJN began construction of airfields, fortifications, ports, and other military projects in the islands controlled under the mandate, viewing the islands as "
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was created. Governors were mostly admirals or vice-admirals as the administration was initially still the responsibility of the IJN. The Governor reported directly to the
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in Palau in the late 1920s. By the end of the 1920s the mandate became self-sufficient, no longer needing subsidy and financially contributing to the Japanese Empire.
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if it could take German territories in China and the South Pacific. The British government officially asked Japan for assistance in destroying the raiders from the
912:, Truk, Ponape and Jaluit) in the form of a civil administration department which still reported to the local naval garrison commander. At the same time a post of
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had become increasingly sought-after in Japan, and Japanese trading companies led the development of the industry in the islands. The Japanese entrepreneur
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2550:
Annual report to the League of Nations on the administration of the South Sea islands under Japanese Mandate. : Japanese Government. (Years 1921 to 1938)
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Admiral Takeo Takagi led the Philippines support force to Palau, an island 500 miles east of the southern Philippines where he waited to join the attack.
1322:, making the United States responsible for administration of the islands under the terms of a United Nations trusteeship agreement which established the
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799:) and the German-controlled islands south of the equator. Meanwhile, Japanese occupation of the northern part of the protectorate, consisting of the
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879:(on Saipan), Koror (on Palau) and Colony (on Ponape) were developed to resemble small towns in Japan, with cinemas, restaurants, beauty parlors and
114:
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across the Pacific Ocean and provided convenient provisioning locations for sailing vessels in need of water, fresh fruit, vegetables and meat.
898:, c. 1930. Truk became a possession of the Empire of Japan under a mandate from the League of Nations following Germany's defeat in World War I.
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O'Neill, Robert (1993). "Churchill, Japan, and British Security in the Pacific 1904–1942". In Blake, Robert B.; Louis, William Roger (eds.).
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776:. During the course of this operation, the Japanese Navy seized the German possessions in the Marianas, Carolines, Marshall Islands and
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was another mineral product of the colonial economic structure, although the mineral was only present in the Palau group. In 1937 the
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other. Within hours of Britain's declaration of war on Germany in 1914, Japan invoked the treaty and offered to declare war on the
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its presence and the islands became a virtual Japanese colony. The IJN divided the territory into five naval districts in Palau,
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2252:
Japan Goes to War: A Chronology of Japanese Military Expansion from the Meiji Era to the Attack on Pearl Harbor (1868–1941)
1408:委任統治地域南洋群島事情. 大正14年度《委任統治地域南洋群島事情》, Taishō 14 years, Nan'yō Government publication, Japanese National Assembly Library owns
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was the principal type of aircraft used for commercial aviation due to the shortage of flat land available for airfields.
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883:. Another important island was Truk in the Carolines archipelago, which was fortified into a major navy base by the IJN.
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Arnold, Bruce Makoto. "Conflicted Childhoods in the South Seas: The Failure of Racial Assimilation in the Nan'yo".
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until they were occupied by Japan during World War I. Japan governed the islands under the mandate as part of the
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After the end of World War I, the protectorate of German New Guinea was divided amongst the war's victors by the
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1459:"大正14年度《委任統治地域南洋群島事情》, Taishō 14 years, Nan'yō Government publication, Japanese National Assembly Library owns"
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to allow trade and migration between those islands to be administered by Japan and those to be administered by
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142:: a map showing areas of political control in the Pacific. One area is described as the "Japanese Mandate".
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187:
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in and around Chinese waters, and Japan sent Germany an ultimatum demanding that it vacate China and the
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were the area of greatest potential value to the Japanese Empire for economic and territorial expansion.
38:
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2379:
The Origins of Japanese Trade Supremacy: Development and Technology in Asia from 1540 to the Pacific War
1481:
1231:
1217:
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2547:, X Chapter: "Natural Basis of Japan" (pp. 196–285), section "South Seas" (pp. 276–277). 1946
685:
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4451:
4258:
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996:, but immigrants subsequently came from other parts of Japan, particularly the economically deprived
784:
719:
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306:
2507:
787:. The southern part of the protectorate was mandated to come under Australian administration as the
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3907:
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resources of the islands were exploited by Japanese mining companies, which took over the German
765:
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2855:
2793:
2778:
2773:
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2590:, Chapter X "Japanese Empire" (pp. 633–716), section "The Japanese Islands in South Seas".
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734:. The ultimatum went unanswered and Japan formally declared war on Germany on 23 August 1914.
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727:
703:
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469:
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159:
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The population of the islands increased during the period of the mandate as a result of
17:
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3029:
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2763:
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and other tropical farming products were also grown, putting the islands on a par with
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264:
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106:
2538:, 1988. Chapter 10 "The Pohnpei Island, in finding of sunken city"(pp. 204–229)
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1357:
1307:
In order to capture the islands from Japan, the United States military employed a "
1288:
Jaluit Atoll, also in the Marshall Islands, was the base from which the IJN seized
1238:
1005:
880:
842:
773:
603:
497:
337:
3773:
3390:
1573:"Japan's baptism of fire: World War I put country on a collision course with West"
1337:
748:
Japan participated in a joint operation with British forces in autumn 1914 in the
458:
Mandate for the German Possessions in the Pacific Ocean Lying North of the Equator
2943:
2715:
2707:
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were prohibited from taking Micronesian pupils where government schools existed.
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1375:
1202:
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Province. The Japanese Navy was tasked with pursuing and destroying the German
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1458:
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1052:
891:
800:
796:
614:, a writer who accompanied a Navy cruise to the region in 1886, published his
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2479:. Pacific Islands Monograph Series. Vol. 4. University of Hawaii Press.
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where compulsory schooling was used to promote Japanese state religion and
78:
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3178:
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2461:
Peattie, Mark R. "The Nan’yō: Japan in the South Pacific, 1885–1945". In
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761:
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228:
1927:
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Truk in the Caroline Islands became the base for amphibious landings on
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teaching assistant (left) and constables (middle and right) of Japanese
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2140:
2138:
1132:
1100:
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1906:
Blakes, George H. (15 September 1922). "The Mandates of the Pacific".
1326:. Most of the islands subsequently became part of independent states.
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3081:
2927:
1919:
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military deployment to the islands would be possible in case of war.
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869:
845:, all reporting to a rear admiral at the naval headquarters at Truk.
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Judson Knight (2004). K. Lee Lerner; Brenda Wilmoth Lerner (eds.).
1382:
Structure of the Imperial Japanese forces in the South Seas Mandate
3274:
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2648:
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Nan'Yo: The Rise and Fall of the Japanese in Micronesia, 1885–1945
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885:
863:
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416:
37:"Nan'yō" redirects here. For the town in Yamagata Prefecture, see
698:("Southern Expansion Doctrine"), popular with the IJN, held that
1080:
598:
began in the 19th century, prior to its imperial expansion into
4340:
4156:
2958:
2616:
2555:"Islands for an Anxious Empire: Japan's Pacific Island Mandate"
2199:"NRHP nomination for Nanyo Kohatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Sugar Mill"
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1767:
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also utilized the islands to support air and land detachments.
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2121:
2108:
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2028:
2026:
1143:, both natural and cultured, were extracted from the islands.
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were more restricted, with unequal labor conditions and pay.
537:
Japanese Mandate for the Governance of the South Seas Islands
54:
Japanese Mandate for the Governance of the South Seas Islands
868:
Headquarters of the government of the South Seas Mandate in
812:
The Mandate was initially subject to yearly scrutiny by the
1162:
began some commercial flights in 1935 using the long-range
807:, was formally recognized by the treaty. Japan was given a
2561:, Volume 124, Issue 5, December 2019, pp. 1699–1703.
1314:
The League of Nations mandate was formally revoked by the
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States and territories in the sphere of influence of the
2220:
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2216:
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in the Marshall Islands was used in air strikes against
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in the Marshall Islands was a major base supporting the
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
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shorter duration. Micronesian children often attended
2300:. Vol. 3. The Gale Group Inc. pp. 280–281.
2294:
Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence, and Security
2508:"Chapter 3: America on Guam – 1898–1950 (continued)"
582:
Japanese interest in what it called the "South Seas"
4801:
1919 establishments in the Japanese colonial empire
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1707:
The Siege of Tsingtau: The German-Japanese War 1914
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Sugar factory of Nan'yō Kōhatsu, Saipan around 1932
610:(IJN) began to hold training missions in the area.
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41:. For the usage of cognate term 南洋 in Chinese, see
1139:industry became lucrative and large quantities of
4137:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
480:. The mandate consisted of islands in the north
4107:German pre–World War II industrial co-operation
2320:
2278:
1832:
1596:. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 100.
970:Korean Cafe in Saipan, 1939. The banner spells
626:
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2501:. Ponsonby Memorial Society. pp. 346–353.
2423:Japanese Foreign Policy in the Interwar Period
744:, the first governor of the South Seas Mandate
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61:
27:Japanese League of Nations mandate (1920–1945)
4851:States and territories disestablished in 1947
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2044:
2006:"The Islands of the Japanese Mandate in 1937"
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1444:
448:Japanese map of the mandate area in the 1930s
8:
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1976:
1940:
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1230:Saipan in the Mariana Islands supported the
1024:was established on Koror in 1940. Christian
606:. By 1875, ships from the newly established
3454:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office
1566:
1564:
4856:States and territories established in 1919
4359:
4345:
4337:
4175:
4161:
4153:
3897:
3624:
3434:
3292:
2977:
2963:
2955:
2635:
2621:
2613:
2536:The Lost City of Lemuria & The Pacific
2512:War in the Pacific: Administrative History
1251:Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands
954:and its possession gave an impetus to the
616:Current State of Affairs in the South Seas
130:
49:
3857:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
3467:Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors
2337:Axelrod, Alan; Kingston, Jack A. (2007).
1819:Imperial Japan's World War Two, 1931–1945
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1411:. 南洋庁. 30 September 2010 . pp. 1–117
1059:arrived on Saipan in 1920 and formed the
768:and protection of the shipping lanes for
636:Japanese public at the time, neither the
4488:Reorganized National Government of China
3240:National Spiritual Mobilization Movement
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1621:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 276.
4841:History of the Northern Mariana Islands
2403:The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895–1945
2097:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1964:
1555:
1543:
1531:
1519:
1507:
1398:
795:(the German territory on the island of
4733:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
4440:Mengjiang United Autonomous Government
4055:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
2340:Encyclopedia of World War II, Volume 1
2224:
2173:
2085:
2073:
1952:
1868:
1856:
1844:
1490:
1479:
1432:Mandates, Dependencies and Trusteeship
1387:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
1371:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
1324:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
1020:rituals. A Shinto shrine known as the
510:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
389:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
32:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
2878:Temporary Nan'yō Islands Defense Unit
1893:
1794:
1189:in anchorage off Truk Islands in 1943
988:. Settlers were initially drawn from
535:In Japan, the territory is known as "
315:
302:
298:
269:
254:
250:
240:
221:
206:
202:
192:
7:
4836:20th century in the Marshall Islands
4524:Provisional Government of Free India
3459:Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff
3215:Imperial Rule Assistance Association
2672:Karafuto Civil Administration Office
2514:. Evans-Hatch & Associates, Inc.
1593:Cecil Spring Rice: A Diplomat's Life
1225:invasion of the Philippines by Japan
4127:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman
3369:East Asia Development Board (Kōain)
2362:. London: Oxford University Press.
4428:South Chahar Autonomous Government
4416:North Shanxi Autonomous Government
914:Governor of the South Seas Mandate
25:
4811:1947 disestablishments in Oceania
2506:US National Park Service (2004).
2255:. Diane Publishing. p. 166.
1709:. Pen and Sword. pp. 67–68.
986:Japanese settlement in Micronesia
958:doctrine of "southward advance".
920:. After the establishment of the
809:League of Nations Class C mandate
4712:
4700:
4688:
4676:
4664:
4652:
4640:
4627:
4614:
4602:
4590:
4578:
4566:
4554:
4542:
4529:
4517:
4505:
4493:
4481:
4469:
4457:
4445:
4433:
4421:
4409:
4404:East Hebei Autonomous Government
4397:
4385:
4327:United Nations Trust Territories
4237:
3827:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
3090:
2600:
1350:
1336:
530:Republic of the Marshall Islands
393:
368:
113:
99:
4806:1947 disestablishments in Japan
4464:Provisional Government of China
3842:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact
2381:. University Of Chicago Press.
1571:Mizokami, Kyle (27 July 2014).
1292:and Ocean Island (now known as
758:Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory
4097:Japanese settlers in Manchuria
3210:Imperial Rescript on Education
2559:The American Historical Review
2446:. University of Hawaii Press.
2406:. Princeton University Press.
2360:Japanese Imperialism 1894–1945
1775:"League of Nations chronology"
1679:WWII Wrecks of the Truk Lagoon
1320:Security Council Resolution 21
1223:Palau was used to support the
1061:South Seas Development Company
526:Federated States of Micronesia
516:. The islands are now part of
504:. The islands then became the
1:
4452:Shanghai Great Way Government
3543:Imperial Way Faction (Kōdōha)
3449:Imperial General Headquarters
3040:Foreign commerce and shipping
2643:Former external territories (
2529:Vol. 4, No. 11 (Spring 2011)
2159:US National Park Service 2004
1732:"League of Nations, Mandates"
1730:Perez, Louis G., ed. (2013).
1461:. 大正14年度 (大正15). 南洋庁: 1–117.
1378:(Southern Expansion Doctrine)
1002:indigenous peoples of Oceania
927:Ministry of Greater East Asia
814:Permanent Mandates Commission
4738:Greater East Asia Conference
4476:Reformed Government of China
3875:Hirohito surrender broadcast
3270:Greater East Asia Conference
2942:Civil Affairs Bureau |
2938:Civil Affairs Bureau |
2934:Civil Affairs Bureau |
2930:Civil Affairs Bureau |
1705:Stephenson, Charles (2017).
1590:Burton, David Henry (1990).
1318:on 18 July 1947 pursuant to
1199:unsinkable aircraft carriers
922:Ministry of Colonial Affairs
816:of the League of Nations in
772:commerce in the Pacific and
4537:Republic of the Philippines
3255:Supreme Court of Judicature
2527:The Tufts Historical Review
2440:Oliver, Douglas L. (1989).
2321:Axelrod & Kingston 2007
2279:Axelrod & Kingston 2007
1833:Axelrod & Kingston 2007
942:As a signatory of the 1922
627:
592:
568:
550:Inin Tōchi-ryō Nan'yō Guntō
549:
320:Pacific Islands Trusteeship
75:Inin tōchi-ryō nan'yō guntō
4877:
4846:League of Nations mandates
4816:Former colonies in Oceania
4597:Occupied Dutch East Indies
3966:Second Philippine Republic
3739:Manchuria–Mongolia problem
2576:, Stuttgart, Germany, 1939
2534:Childress, David Hatcher,
2463:Myers & Peattie (1984)
2377:Howe, Christopher (1999).
36:
29:
4728:
4379:
4323:
4235:
3847:Japan during World War II
3802:Pacification of Manchukuo
3694:Invasion of Taiwan (1895)
3689:Invasion of Taiwan (1874)
3558:Control Faction (Tōseiha)
3280:Imperial Japanese Airways
3088:
1822:. Transaction Publishers.
1738:. ABC-CLIO. p. 204.
1160:Imperial Japanese Airways
1108:
690:Kwantung Leased Territory
621:
586:
562:
543:
500:, when the United States
462:League of Nations mandate
347:
329:
299:
285:
251:
237:
203:
129:
95:
90:
62:
4821:Former Japanese colonies
4707:Occupied Solomon Islands
4695:Occupied Gilbert Islands
4585:Kingdom of Luang Prabang
3822:Second Sino-Japanese War
3764:Racial Equality Proposal
3344:Agriculture and Commerce
2876:Civil Affairs Bureau of
2696:Motodomari Subprefecture
2545:Asia's Lands and Peoples
2249:Dorothy Perkins (1997).
2237:Myers & Peattie 1984
2186:Myers & Peattie 1984
2130:Myers & Peattie 1984
2113:Myers & Peattie 1984
2033:Myers & Peattie 1984
1977:Myers & Peattie 1984
1941:Myers & Peattie 1984
1759:Myers & Peattie 1984
780:groups by October 1914.
555:and was governed by the
522:Northern Mariana Islands
494:Japanese colonial empire
433:Northern Mariana Islands
30:Not to be confused with
18:Japanese Pacific Mandate
4634:Occupied British Borneo
3734:Washington Naval Treaty
3679:Anglo–Japanese Alliance
3664:First Sino-Japanese War
3483:Nuclear weapons program
3225:Great Japan Youth Party
3152:National seals of Japan
2704:Tomarioru Subprefecture
2358:Beasley, W. G. (1991).
2201:. National Park Service
1263:Territory of New Guinea
944:Washington Naval Treaty
918:Prime Minister of Japan
789:Territory of New Guinea
711:Anglo-Japanese Alliance
672:, the southern half of
3812:Motherland controversy
3782:Shōwa financial crisis
3574:Imperial Japanese Navy
3514:Imperial Japanese Army
3245:Peace Preservation Law
2680:Toyohara Subprefecture
2495:Ponsonby-Fane, Richard
2425:. Praeger Publishers.
1816:Gruhl, Werner (2007).
1676:Dan E. Bailey (2001).
1489:Cite journal requires
1302:Imperial Japanese Army
1214:attack on Pearl Harbor
1190:
1049:
981:
899:
872:
745:
608:Imperial Japanese Navy
490:German colonial empire
484:that had been part of
449:
188:Austronesian languages
4831:20th century in Palau
4826:History of Micronesia
4772:7.34167°N 134.47194°E
4609:Occupied West Sumatra
3724:Siberian Intervention
3533:Railways and Shipping
3349:Commerce and Industry
3045:Industrial production
2898:Torakku Subprefecture
2712:Esutoru Subprefecture
2692:Shikuka Subprefecture
2684:Ōtomari Subprefecture
2607:South Pacific Mandate
2499:Sovereign and Subject
2396:Myers, Ramon Hawley;
1271:was used to relocate
1218:Battle of Wake Island
1181:Japanese battleships
1180:
1047:
969:
952:steam-powered vessels
889:
867:
850:Versailles Conference
803:islands north of the
740:
447:
177:Common languages
4573:Kingdom of Kampuchea
4142:Political dissidence
3991:Occupied territories
3729:General Election Law
3553:Taiwan Army of Japan
2946:Civil Affairs Bureau
2906:Yarūto Subprefecture
2902:Ponape Subprefecture
2886:Saipan Subprefecture
2826:Shinchiku Prefecture
2716:Ushiro Subprefecture
2688:Rūtaka Subprefecture
2609:at Wikimedia Commons
2572:Herbert Rittlinger,
785:Treaty of Versailles
720:Imperial German Navy
660:the empire included
502:captured the islands
307:Treaty of Versailles
4768: /
4719:Occupied New Guinea
4500:Kingdom of Thailand
3961:Wang Jingwei regime
3871:Potsdam Declaration
3862:Soviet–Japanese War
3817:Anti-Comintern Pact
3807:January 28 incident
3792:London Naval Treaty
3669:Triple Intervention
3498:Supreme War Council
3382:deliberative bodies
2894:Yappu Subprefecture
2890:Parao Subprefecture
2708:Honto Subprefecture
2700:Maoka Subprefecture
2676:Karafuto Prefecture
2567:10.1093/ahr/rhz1013
2443:The Pacific Islands
2059:, pp. 350–351.
1943:, pp. 196–197.
1859:, pp. 237–238.
1510:, pp. 173–174.
1447:, pp. 346–353.
1149:Nippon Yusen Kaisha
793:Kaiser-Wilhelmsland
678:Karafuto Prefecture
656:By the outbreak of
139:National Geographic
4861:World War II sites
4796:South Seas Mandate
4777:7.34167; 134.47194
4659:Occupied Singapore
4647:Occupied Hong Kong
4305:South Seas Mandate
3684:Russo-Japanese War
3654:Two Lords Incident
3309:Imperial Household
2846:Karenkō Prefecture
2821:Taihoku Prefecture
2574:Der Masslose Ozean
2421:Nish, Ian (1991).
2057:Ponsonby-Fane 1962
2045:Ponsonby-Fane 1962
1647:Ponsonby-Fane 1962
1445:Ponsonby-Fane 1962
1191:
1050:
982:
900:
873:
848:A proposal at the
766:East Asia Squadron
746:
651:Takekoshi Yosaburō
454:South Seas Mandate
450:
4751:
4750:
4561:Empire of Vietnam
4334:
4333:
4310:South West Africa
4264:British Cameroons
4217:Syria and Lebanon
4188:League of Nations
4150:
4149:
4122:Socialist thought
4070:
4069:
4009:Dutch East Indies
3971:Empire of Vietnam
3889:
3888:
3659:Satsuma Rebellion
3639:Meiji Restoration
3616:
3615:
3426:
3425:
3364:Greater East Asia
3250:Political parties
3205:Foreign relations
2952:
2951:
2882:Nan'yō Government
2836:Tainan Prefecture
2831:Taichū Prefecture
2605:Media related to
2581:Asie des Moussons
2542:Cressey George B.
1429:Hall, H. Duncan.
1275:workers evacuated
756:) to capture the
750:Siege of Tsingtao
692:). The policy of
557:Nan'yō Government
486:German New Guinea
474:League of Nations
456:, officially the
442:
441:
405:
404:
401:
400:
381:
380:
376:German New Guinea
272:• 1943–1946
257:• 1919–1923
224:• 1926–1946
209:• 1914–1926
156:League of Nations
16:(Redirected from
4868:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4761:
4717:
4716:
4715:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4681:
4680:
4679:
4669:
4668:
4667:
4657:
4656:
4655:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4549:French Indochina
4547:
4546:
4545:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4510:
4509:
4508:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4474:
4473:
4472:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4361:
4354:
4347:
4338:
4274:British Togoland
4269:French Cameroons
4241:
4228:
4211:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4154:
4112:Shinmin no Michi
4102:Internment camps
4014:French Indochina
3898:
3744:Taishō Democracy
3625:
3548:Japanese holdout
3435:
3359:Colonial Affairs
3293:
3220:Yokusan Sonendan
3126:
3118:
3110:
3094:
3093:
3020:Economic history
2979:
2972:
2965:
2956:
2923:Governor-General
2851:Taitō Prefecture
2841:Takao Prefecture
2816:Governor-General
2733:Governor-General
2637:
2630:
2623:
2614:
2604:
2515:
2502:
2490:
2466:
2457:
2436:
2417:
2398:Peattie, Mark R.
2392:
2373:
2354:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2299:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2162:
2156:
2133:
2127:
2116:
2110:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2004:Thomas F. King.
2001:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1920:10.2307/20028201
1903:
1897:
1891:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1813:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1779:
1771:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1682:. Archived from
1673:
1650:
1644:
1633:
1632:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1568:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1467:10.11501/1170286
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1403:
1366:Boshirō Hosogaya
1360:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1164:Kawanishi H6K2-L
1111:) in Saipan and
1110:
1014:boarding schools
948:coaling stations
791:, consisting of
732:Caroline Islands
634:
633:
630:
624:
623:
597:
595:
589:
588:
573:
571:
565:
564:
554:
552:
546:
545:
512:governed by the
422:Marshall Islands
397:
396:
385:
384:
372:
371:
365:
364:
349:
348:
280:Boshirō Hosogaya
275:
260:
232:
217:
185:
134:
117:
103:
82:
70:
69:
68:
50:
39:Nan'yō, Yamagata
21:
4876:
4875:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4786:
4785:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4767:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4747:
4724:
4723:
4713:
4711:
4701:
4699:
4689:
4687:
4677:
4675:
4665:
4663:
4653:
4651:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4628:
4626:
4621:Occupied Malaya
4615:
4613:
4603:
4601:
4591:
4589:
4579:
4577:
4567:
4565:
4555:
4553:
4543:
4541:
4530:
4528:
4518:
4516:
4506:
4504:
4494:
4492:
4482:
4480:
4470:
4468:
4458:
4456:
4446:
4444:
4434:
4432:
4422:
4420:
4410:
4408:
4398:
4396:
4386:
4384:
4375:
4369:Empire of Japan
4365:
4335:
4330:
4319:
4283:
4279:French Togoland
4242:
4233:
4226:
4207:
4191:
4181:
4151:
4146:
4132:Yasukuni Shrine
4066:
4043:
3985:
3939:
3885:
3837:Tripartite Pact
3832:Rape of Nanking
3768:
3754:Tapani incident
3698:
3674:Boxer Rebellion
3632:
3612:
3576:
3567:
3516:
3507:
3442:
3422:
3416:Representatives
3384:
3381:
3380:Legislative and
3373:
3339:Foreign Affairs
3302:
3299:
3284:
3183:
3162:Government Seal
3147:Rising Sun Flag
3130:
3124:
3116:
3108:
3095:
3086:
2988:
2986:Empire of Japan
2983:
2953:
2948:
2909:
2859:
2856:Hōko Prefecture
2803:
2720:
2651:
2641:
2597:
2522:
2520:Further reading
2505:
2493:
2487:
2469:
2460:
2454:
2439:
2433:
2420:
2414:
2395:
2389:
2376:
2370:
2357:
2351:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2297:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2277:
2273:
2263:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2223:
2214:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2184:
2180:
2172:
2165:
2157:
2136:
2128:
2119:
2111:
2104:
2096:
2092:
2084:
2080:
2072:
2063:
2055:
2051:
2043:
2039:
2031:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1963:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1908:Foreign Affairs
1905:
1904:
1900:
1892:
1875:
1867:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1831:
1827:
1815:
1814:
1801:
1793:
1789:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1757:
1753:
1746:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1717:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1689:
1687:
1686:on 1 April 2020
1675:
1674:
1653:
1645:
1636:
1629:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1577:The Japan Times
1570:
1569:
1562:
1554:
1550:
1542:
1538:
1530:
1526:
1518:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1488:
1478:
1471:
1469:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1412:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1332:
1210:Kwajalein Atoll
1175:
1137:mother-of-pearl
1034:
1026:mission schools
964:
936:
826:
704:Pacific Islands
631:
618:
612:Shiga Shigetaka
583:
580:
559:
540:
470:Empire of Japan
468:" given to the
438:
394:
369:
322:
309:
294:Empire of Japan
276:
273:
261:
258:
230:
225:
215:
210:
186:
183:
158:(colony) under
143:
125:
124:
123:
118:
110:
109:
104:
86:
85:
73:
60:
55:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4874:
4872:
4864:
4863:
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4683:Occupied Nauru
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3797:Musha Incident
3794:
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3787:Jinan incident
3784:
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3644:Beipu uprising
3641:
3635:
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3608:Treaty Faction
3605:
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3577:
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3538:Imperial Guard
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3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3305:
3303:
3298:Administration
3296:
3290:
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3282:
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3272:
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3257:
3252:
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2926:Kantō Bureau:
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2595:External links
2593:
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2570:
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2548:
2539:
2532:
2521:
2518:
2517:
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2458:
2453:978-0824812331
2452:
2437:
2431:
2418:
2413:978-0691102221
2412:
2393:
2387:
2374:
2368:
2355:
2350:978-0816060221
2349:
2343:. H W Fowler.
2332:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:, p. 824.
2313:
2306:
2283:
2281:, p. 457.
2271:
2262:978-0788134272
2261:
2241:
2239:, p. 203.
2229:
2227:, p. 241.
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2190:
2188:, p. 193.
2178:
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2100:, p. 225.
2090:
2088:, p. 238.
2078:
2076:, p. 106.
2061:
2049:
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2037:
2035:, p. 189.
2022:
1981:
1979:, p. 197.
1969:
1967:, p. 155.
1957:
1955:, p. 105.
1945:
1933:
1898:
1896:, p. 205.
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1871:, p. 237.
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1849:
1847:, p. 239.
1837:
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1787:
1782:United Nations
1763:
1761:, p. 200.
1751:
1745:978-1598847413
1744:
1722:
1716:978-1526702951
1715:
1697:
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1649:, p. 348.
1634:
1627:
1609:
1603:978-0838633953
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1582:
1560:
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1546:, p. 177.
1536:
1534:, p. 176.
1524:
1522:, p. 175.
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1449:
1437:
1435:(1948), p. 307
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1344:Oceania portal
1331:
1328:
1316:United Nations
1298:
1297:
1286:
1283:Howland Island
1276:
1266:
1235:
1232:Battle of Guam
1228:
1221:
1174:
1171:
1113:Malakal Island
1033:
1030:
994:Ryukyu Islands
992:and the other
990:Okinawa Island
963:
960:
935:
932:
825:
824:Administration
822:
742:Tezuka Toshirō
700:Southeast Asia
670:Ryukyu Islands
643:Satō Tetsutarō
579:
576:
506:United Nations
440:
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342:Oceanian Pound
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314:
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290:Historical era
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265:Toshiro Tezuka
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4671:Occupied Guam
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4328:
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4315:Western Samoa
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4254:Ruanda-Urundi
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4087:Fukoku kyōhei
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3944:Puppet states
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3603:Fleet Faction
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3583:General Staff
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3406:Imperial Diet
3404:
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3396:Privy Council
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3158:
3157:Imperial Seal
3155:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3142:Flag of Japan
3140:
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2799:Kankyōhoku-dō
2797:
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2769:Keishōhoku-dō
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2749:Chūseihoku-dō
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2471:Peattie, Mark
2468:
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1504:
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1496:
1483:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1457:南洋協会 (1926).
1453:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1434:
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1426:
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1410:
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1327:
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1317:
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1295:
1294:Banaba Island
1291:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1253:, as well as
1252:
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1078:
1074:
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1066:
1062:
1058:
1057:Haruji Matsue
1054:
1046:
1042:
1040:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1022:Nan'yō Shrine
1019:
1015:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
998:Tōhoku region
995:
991:
987:
979:
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957:
953:
949:
945:
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933:
931:
928:
923:
919:
915:
911:
906:
903:was moved to
897:
893:
888:
884:
882:
881:geisha houses
878:
871:
866:
862:
859:
855:
851:
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832:
823:
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815:
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802:
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794:
790:
786:
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779:
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774:Indian Oceans
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
743:
739:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
716:German Empire
712:
707:
705:
701:
697:
696:
691:
687:
683:
682:Kuril Islands
679:
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519:
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514:United States
511:
508:-established
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
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482:Pacific Ocean
479:
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410:Today part of
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133:
128:
122:
121:Imperial Seal
116:
108:
102:
94:
89:
80:
76:
72:
66:
59:
58:
51:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
4753:
4373:World War II
4304:
4075:Other topics
3929:
3911:
3749:Taishō Roman
3503:Conscription
3473:
3465:
3440:Armed Forces
3300:(ministries)
3200:Charter Oath
3195:Constitution
3077:State Shinto
3060:Essentialism
3010:Demographics
2921:
2881:
2870:
2864:
2814:
2794:Kankyōnan-dō
2784:Heianhoku-dō
2779:Heian'nan-dō
2774:Keishōnan-dō
2759:Zenrahoku-dō
2754:Chūseinan-dō
2731:
2660:
2644:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2558:
2553:Tze M. Loo,
2544:
2535:
2526:
2511:
2498:
2475:
2442:
2422:
2402:
2378:
2359:
2339:
2316:
2293:
2286:
2274:
2266:
2251:
2244:
2232:
2203:. Retrieved
2193:
2181:
2098:Peattie 1988
2093:
2081:
2052:
2040:
2013:. Retrieved
2009:
1972:
1965:Peattie 1988
1960:
1948:
1936:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1864:
1852:
1840:
1828:
1818:
1790:
1781:
1754:
1736:Japan at War
1735:
1725:
1706:
1700:
1688:. Retrieved
1684:the original
1678:
1618:
1612:
1592:
1585:
1576:
1556:Peattie 1984
1551:
1544:Peattie 1984
1539:
1532:Peattie 1984
1527:
1520:Peattie 1984
1515:
1508:Peattie 1984
1503:
1482:cite journal
1470:. Retrieved
1452:
1440:
1430:
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1407:
1401:
1358:Japan portal
1313:
1309:leapfrogging
1306:
1299:
1273:Ocean Island
1196:
1192:
1186:
1182:
1153:
1145:
1117:
1051:
1035:
1010:
1006:Micronesians
983:
971:
941:
937:
934:Significance
901:
874:
847:
843:Jaluit Atoll
827:
782:
747:
708:
693:
655:
615:
581:
556:
536:
534:
498:World War II
457:
453:
451:
431:
358:Succeeded by
357:
352:
325:18 July 1947
312:28 June 1919
137:
74:
63:委任統治地域南洋群島 (
47:
4775: /
4763:134°28′19″E
4743:Pacific War
4329:(post-1946)
4227:not enacted
4222:Mesopotamia
4209:Transjordan
4190:(1919–1946)
4117:Shōwa Modan
4092:Hakkō ichiu
4029:Philippines
3916:after 1943)
3894:Territories
3852:Pacific War
3712:World War I
3588:Air Service
3528:Air Service
3401:Gozen Kaigi
3117:(Yoshihito)
3109:(Mutsuhito)
3055:Nationalism
3000:Agriculture
2764:Zenranan-dō
2665:after 1943)
2225:Oliver 1989
2174:Oliver 1989
2086:Oliver 1989
2074:Blakes 1922
1953:Blakes 1922
1869:Oliver 1989
1857:Oliver 1989
1845:Oliver 1989
1376:Nanshin-ron
1203:Pacific War
1173:Pacific War
1156:flying boat
956:Nanshin-ron
896:Truk Island
892:Micronesian
858:New Zealand
801:Micronesian
760:in China's
695:Nanshin-ron
686:Port Arthur
658:World War I
628:Nan’yō jiji
488:within the
478:World War I
353:Preceded by
216:(Yoshihito)
4790:Categories
4760:07°20′30″N
4325:See also:
4295:New Guinea
4259:Tanganyika
3881:Occupation
3704:Taishō era
3649:Boshin War
3493:War crimes
3289:Government
3265:Tonarigumi
3172:Privy Seal
3167:State Seal
3125:(Hirohito)
3050:Militarism
3005:Censorship
2486:0824814800
2432:0275947912
2388:0226354865
2369:0198221681
2331:References
2307:0787677620
2015:24 October
1914:(1): 103.
1894:Perez 2013
1795:Perez 2013
1628:0198206267
1259:Australian
1077:pineapples
1053:Sugar cane
962:Population
797:New Guinea
569:Nan'yō-chō
544:委任統治地域南洋群島
528:, and the
476:following
466:South Seas
427:Micronesia
231:(Hirohito)
184:(official)
171:Koror City
4392:Manchukuo
4203:Palestine
4082:Sonnō jōi
4034:Singapore
4019:Hong Kong
3981:Azad Hind
3956:Mengjiang
3951:Manchukuo
3925:Kantō-shū
3867:Surrender
3774:Shōwa era
3759:Truku War
3630:Meiji era
3598:Tokkeitai
3563:Kempeitai
3474:Senjinkun
3391:Daijō-kan
3354:Munitions
3235:Mokusatsu
3025:Education
2915:Kantō-shū
1619:Churchill
1472:30 August
1415:30 August
1393:Citations
1126:mines on
1124:phosphate
1120:phosphate
854:Australia
91:1920–1945
4184:Mandates
4060:Yen bloc
4048:Ideology
4039:Thailand
3908:Karafuto
3901:Colonies
3488:Kamikaze
3431:Military
3334:Treasury
3188:Policies
3179:Kimigayo
3100:Emperors
3067:Politics
3035:Eugenics
2993:Overview
2940:Furanten
2872:Governor
2789:Kōkai-dō
2744:Kōgen-dō
2739:Keiki-dō
2657:Karafuto
2497:(1962).
2473:(1988).
2400:(1984).
1928:20028201
1330:See also
1261:mandate
1247:Gilberts
1216:and the
1167:seaplane
1105:Japanese
1085:coconuts
978:katakana
762:Shandong
728:Marianas
724:Marshall
702:and the
676:island (
674:Sakhalin
464:in the "
460:, was a
334:Currency
243:Director
181:Japanese
160:Japanese
65:Japanese
4371:during
4288:Class C
4247:Class B
4196:Class A
4186:of the
3621:History
3593:Marines
3230:Kokutai
3135:Symbols
3115:Taishō
3072:Statism
3015:Economy
2944:Hishika
2904:|
2900:|
2896:|
2892:|
2888:|
2714:|
2710:|
2706:|
2702:|
2698:|
2694:|
2690:|
2686:|
2682:|
2205:4 March
1690:15 July
1257:in the
1249:during
1245:in the
1187:Musashi
1133:Bauxite
1073:Bananas
1032:Economy
973:Arirang
890:Native
877:Garapan
805:equator
754:Qingdao
680:), the
649:member
472:by the
318:•
305:•
259:(first)
214:Taishō
195:Emperor
167:Capital
154:of the
152:Mandate
43:Nanyang
4534:
4024:Malaya
3999:Borneo
3935:Taiwan
3930:Nan'yō
3920:Chōsen
3913:naichi
3123:Shōwa
3107:Meiji
3082:Kazoku
3030:System
2936:Kinshū
2932:Ryojun
2928:Dairen
2865:Nan'yō
2809:Taiwan
2662:naichi
2645:gaichi
2483:
2450:
2429:
2410:
2385:
2366:
2347:
2304:
2259:
2010:TIGHAR
1926:
1742:
1713:
1625:
1600:
1279:Majuro
1269:Kosrae
1255:Rabaul
1239:Tarawa
1183:Yamato
1141:pearls
1128:Angaur
1101:Tanaha
1097:Taiwan
1093:coffee
1089:manioc
1065:Tinian
1018:Shinto
870:Saipan
839:Ponape
831:Saipan
818:Geneva
770:Allied
684:, and
668:, the
662:Taiwan
593:Nan’yō
578:Origin
524:, the
520:, the
496:until
274:(last)
247:
229:Shōwa
199:
148:Status
79:rōmaji
4300:Nauru
4004:Burma
3717:Entry
3411:Peers
3275:Senbu
3260:Tokkō
2726:Korea
2649:Japan
2647:) of
2586:Book
2298:(PDF)
1924:JSTOR
1778:(PDF)
1290:Nauru
1243:Makin
1039:copra
905:Koror
778:Palau
666:Korea
638:Meiji
604:China
600:Korea
518:Palau
417:Palau
136:1921
3329:Navy
3324:Army
2588:Asia
2481:ISBN
2448:ISBN
2427:ISBN
2408:ISBN
2383:ISBN
2364:ISBN
2345:ISBN
2302:ISBN
2257:ISBN
2207:2020
2017:2017
1740:ISBN
1711:ISBN
1692:2016
1623:ISBN
1598:ISBN
1495:help
1474:2022
1417:2022
1300:The
1241:and
1185:and
1154:The
1118:The
1081:taro
1069:Rota
1067:and
950:for
856:and
841:and
835:Truk
730:and
709:The
647:Diet
645:and
622:南洋時事
602:and
452:The
107:Flag
3319:War
2563:doi
1916:doi
1463:doi
976:in
910:Yap
563:南洋廳
338:Yen
4792::
3873:,
2884::
2880:→
2678::
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2557:,
2510:.
2265:.
2215:^
2166:^
2137:^
2120:^
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2064:^
2025:^
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1910:.
1876:^
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1734:.
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1480:{{
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1109:棚葉
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587:南洋
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2465:.
2456:.
2435:.
2416:.
2391:.
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2353:.
2310:.
2209:.
2161:.
2019:.
1930:.
1918::
1912:1
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1748:.
1719:.
1694:.
1631:.
1606:.
1579:.
1497:)
1493:(
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1465::
1419:.
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1227:.
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1103:(
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688:(
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619:(
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584:(
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20:)
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