2964:
873:
848:
835:
51:. As of July 2024, it is under study by Mitsui & Co. and its partners through Japan LEO Shachu, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co. established on 1 July 2024. Private Japanese firms such as Mitsui are expected to negotiate with their US couterparts directly, while the Japanese government plays a secondary role by providing technical and financial support. According to Mitsui, partners in the project includes
901:
887:
922:
859:
187:
In April 2023, ElevationSpace and JAXA announced that they will work with Mitsui and Mitsui Bussan
Aerospace's Japan Module to pursue the implementation of a commercial sample-retrieval service. ElevationSpace and JAXA are jointly developing a frequent atmosphere re-entry and sample-retrieval service
167:
JAXA then conducted a comparative analysis of potential scenarios, the results of which were reported in
November 2022. The four studied scenarios was a permanent Japanese LEO station, a platform built by cooperation between Japan, US, and the commercial sector, acquisition of services from a private
163:
A review of the ISS program concluded that Japan's participation in the ISS program had a higher cost performance when compared to other countries. From the
Japanese government's perspective, continuing human spaceflight in LEO in the post-ISS era was identified to be vital to train human resources,
155:
to use as a free-flyer. From 2025 to 2030, preparations for an ISS successor will be made, such as developing an experiment rack that can be placed in multiple locations, enabling their relocation from the Kibō Module to any commercial module docked to the ISS in the future. Then, during the 2030s a
168:
US space station, and finally a short-stay space station and utilization of uncrewed satellites. The second scenario was deemed to be the best choice, both in terms of cost performance and less restriction on activities, while the fourth scenario may be useful as an alternative.
171:
On 14 September 2023, JAXA selected Mitsui to conduct a study of the module. A dedicated subsidiary, Japan LEO Shachu, was established by Mitsui on 1 July 2024 to develop the module concept and establish connections with interested commercial space station partners.
134:
has been a cornerstone in the country's human spaceflight program for decades. In anticipation of the ISS being operated until around 2031 when it will likely be de-orbited, in
January 2020 JAXA began to research possible options of human space activities in
156:
transition period to private-sector-led LEO activities will be set up, and by the 2040s it was envisioned that the private sector will be operating independently in LEO and that human activities in LEO will have grown into an established
142:
By
January 2022, JAXA concluded that in order to make a smooth transition from Kibō to a commercial space station, it was best to continue participating in the ISS program after 2025, instead of modifying the
811:
441:
139:(LEO). From November 2021, discussions with other space agencies participating in the ISS were held regarding the technology that will be needed for a transition to a commercial space station.
1826:
974:
725:
263:
3190:
1080:
3195:
794:
804:
405:
106:
As of
September 2023, the exact space station that the Japan Module will be docked has not been disclosed. Mitsui itself has in the past invested in
2903:
378:
180:
Mitsui's interest in a commercial ISS successor was first reported in March 2021. In
November of the year, Mitsui announced that it will invest in
47:
The Japan Module is a project seeking to develop a module that can be attached to a future commercial space station after the retirement of the
3464:
3459:
1642:
1064:
799:
912:
1637:
1632:
1363:
718:
23:, also known as the Kibō successor module, is a commercial space module for scientific research being studied by the Japanese space agency
2190:
1545:
2125:
928:
207:
2932:
1922:
1473:
1165:
1125:
3546:
3150:
1622:
3536:
3310:
2426:
2224:
1932:
711:
2376:
264:"Space Compass initiates feasibility study to commercialize telecom and on-orbit data processing for post-ISS Japanese Module"
3541:
3256:
1717:
233:
3175:
2351:
1413:
1337:
3428:
3377:
3165:
2896:
130:
Japan has participated in the
International Space Station (ISS) since its inception, and the Japanese Experiment Module
92:
3233:
2948:
2060:
68:
48:
1675:
3180:
3116:
2322:
1553:
991:
2370:
1811:
2408:
1161:
951:
660:"ElevationSpace and JAXA Launch Co-Creation Project for High Frequency Re-entry and Recovery Service from LEO"
3341:
3281:
2889:
2286:
2953:
2927:
907:
734:
197:
1535:
3413:
3387:
3264:
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2307:
2214:
2044:
1627:
1528:
1251:
1223:
879:
851:
580:
552:
524:
496:
465:
434:
295:
111:
2762:
2704:
2638:
1974:
682:"ElevationSpaceとJAXA、「地球低軌道拠点からの高頻度再突入・回収事業」に関する共創活動を開始〜宇宙から地球への"帰りの便"を実現し、宇宙利用インフラの構築・宇宙領域参入の促進を目指す〜"
3145:
2767:
2625:
2358:
2064:
1169:
1011:
865:
131:
96:
76:
1806:
114:
project, while one of the partner companies
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries has been collaborating with
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3170:
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2271:
1465:
816:
202:
64:
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3155:
2620:
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2208:
2145:
2140:
1986:
1816:
1059:
1054:
1028:
1022:
1016:
2963:
2752:
2630:
1886:
1102:
406:"Sierra Space to work with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries on commercial space station technologies"
1090:
634:
3486:
2658:
2648:
2338:
2031:
2012:
1586:
1523:
1485:
1447:
996:
969:
326:
1758:
1495:
1114:
3478:
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3078:
2987:
2916:
2687:
1980:
1875:
1844:
1773:
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1753:
1581:
1500:
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1277:
1208:
847:
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1900:
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1821:
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1722:
1558:
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1406:
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609:
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3160:
2780:
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2567:
1401:
1385:
1320:
148:
136:
60:
36:
330:
188:
through the JAXA Space
Innovation through Partnership and Co-creation (J-SPARC) program.
28:
3494:
3470:
3438:
770:
157:
681:
3530:
3408:
3357:
3326:
2912:
2219:
2090:
1138:
659:
184:. By 2022, the company had formulated a concept of a private research module in LEO.
164:
for international space cooperation and diplomacy, and for testing new technologies.
84:
32:
160:. By then government entities will be one among the numerous users of LEO services.
3443:
3336:
2265:
2113:
1325:
1132:
119:
115:
56:
352:
2881:
2854:
2727:
2722:
2712:
2663:
2312:
383:
181:
107:
100:
27:
and private venture Japan LEO Shachu, a wholly owned subsidiary of conglomerate
3222:
3185:
3088:
3083:
3007:
2837:
2162:
52:
1107:
3217:
3206:
3201:
3111:
3106:
2813:
2747:
2344:
2317:
1917:
1617:
893:
410:
238:
1095:
91:
using a modified version of the HTV-X. Space Compass will study the use of
3515:
Notes: † Never inhabited due to launch or on-orbit failure, ‡ Part of the
3212:
3057:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3002:
2992:
2757:
2593:
2281:
2259:
2185:
2168:
1865:
1860:
1783:
1670:
1513:
1378:
1373:
1243:
1238:
1119:
703:
88:
72:
39:
and will primarily be used for biological and material physics research.
3331:
2806:
2717:
2668:
2276:
2151:
1850:
1836:
1831:
1778:
1565:
1508:
1085:
1001:
985:
979:
3062:
2825:
2653:
2585:
2157:
2038:
1953:
1948:
1735:
1654:
1649:
1610:
1605:
1490:
1478:
1368:
1356:
1233:
1213:
1038:
152:
31:, that will be docked to a yet-to-be-identified American commercial
234:"Japanese venture seeks to develop commercial space station module"
3516:
3275:
2997:
2799:
2643:
2364:
2231:
2080:
1958:
1927:
1870:
1740:
1342:
1330:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1218:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1033:
1006:
379:"U.S. space station developer to gain financial boost from Mitsui"
144:
80:
355:(Press release) (in Japanese). ElevationSpace. September 21, 2023
1855:
841:
788:
685:
587:
559:
531:
503:
472:
302:
24:
2885:
2564:
2406:
2111:
2010:
1696:
1445:
1159:
949:
768:
707:
353:"エレベーションスペースがISS「きぼう」後継機検討事業で三井物産に協力、高頻度サンプル回収サービス検討パートナーとして参画"
327:"Mitsui selected to conduct a concept study of Japanese module"
3040:
442:
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
3519:
military program, ° Never inhabited, lacks docking mechanism.
83:
cargo spacecraft, and will likely be served by a retrievable
506:
Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate. 18 February 2022
87:. ElevationSpace will study the feasibility of a frequent
79:. The module is expected to be resupplied by the uncrewed
590:
Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate. 8 November 2022
562:
Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate. 21 October 2022
475:
Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate. 19 January 2022
305:
Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate. 8 October 2022
147:
into an uncrewed space laboratory, or JAXA procuring a
534:
Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate. 9 March 2022
3452:
3401:
3370:
3350:
3319:
3303:
3296:
3231:
3138:
3131:
3099:
3071:
3050:
2978:
2971:
2941:
2791:
2677:
2578:
2509:
2458:
2419:
2331:
2300:
2252:
2245:
2200:
2178:
2133:
2124:
2073:
2053:
2023:
1967:
1941:
1707:
1663:
1574:
1458:
1394:
1313:
1181:
1073:
1047:
962:
825:
781:
269:(Press release). Space Compass. September 16, 2023
258:
256:
372:
370:
321:
319:
662:(Press release). ElevationSpace. April 27, 2023
3196:Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station
2897:
719:
227:
225:
223:
175:
8:
290:
288:
286:
284:
103:in orbit for data processing at the module.
491:
489:
3300:
3135:
2975:
2904:
2890:
2882:
2575:
2561:
2416:
2403:
2249:
2130:
2121:
2108:
2020:
2007:
1704:
1693:
1455:
1442:
1178:
1156:
959:
946:
778:
765:
726:
712:
704:
460:
458:
429:
427:
2377:Next Generation Small-Body Sample Return
377:Hasegawa, Takehiro (November 23, 2021).
219:
3465:Space stations and habitats in fiction
3460:List of films featuring space stations
3383:Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)
2086:Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)
176:Mitsui's private space station concept
581:"月・ポストISSを見据えた無人・有人宇宙探査の在り方について（その２）"
7:
2191:Smart Lander for Investigating Moon
751:Symbol indicates failed projects.
748:indicates projects in development.
608:Washio, Ryuichi (March 10, 2021).
14:
2949:International Space Station (ISS)
2933:List of commercial space stations
2065:Japanese Experiment Module (Kibō)
2061:International Space Station (ISS)
1126:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
3151:Bigelow Commercial Space Station
2962:
920:
899:
885:
871:
857:
846:
833:
296:"ポストISSにおける我が国の地球低軌道活動について（その２）"
3311:Russian Orbital Service Station
2225:Lunar Polar Exploration Mission
684:(Press release) (in Japanese).
641:(in Japanese). November 3, 2022
35:. The module will be placed in
404:Foust, Jeff (March 17, 2022).
1:
208:Japan–United States relations
3378:Bharatiya Antariksha Station
3166:Exploration Gateway Platform
2954:Tiangong space station (TSS)
757:indicate cancelled projects.
610:"三井物産が国際宇宙ステーションの後継計画に名乗りへ"
553:"ポストISSにおける我が国の地球低軌道活動について"
525:"2025年以降のISSを含む地球低軌道活動について"
497:"2025年以降のISSを含む地球低軌道活動について"
466:"2025年以降のISSを含む地球低軌道活動について"
232:Foust, Jeff (9 July 2024).
69:Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
49:International Space Station
3563:
3181:Manned Orbiting Laboratory
2323:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
826:Joint development partners
635:"宇宙空間の活用、日本勢が事業案 ISS退役にらみ"
3513:
3176:Industrial Space Facility
2960:
2923:
2574:
2560:
2415:
2409:Reconnaissance satellites
2402:
2371:Martian Moons eXploration
2120:
2107:
2019:
2006:
1703:
1692:
1454:
1441:
1177:
1162:Communications satellites
1155:
958:
945:
777:
764:
741:
952:Astronomical observation
435:"ISSを含む地球低軌道活動のビジョンについて"
99:successor, as well as a
3547:Proposed space stations
1166:broadcasting satellites
782:National space agencies
16:Commercial space module
3537:Space program of Japan
2928:List of space stations
2032:Fuji crewed spacecraft
735:Japanese space program
198:Japanese space program
95:between Earth and the
3542:Laboratories in Japan
3388:Lunar Orbital Station
2313:BepiColombo (MMO/Mio)
2045:H-II Transfer Vehicle
93:optical communication
89:sample-return service
75:, Space Compass, and
1170:satellite navigation
77:Tokio Marine Nichido
3139:Individual projects
755:Strikethrough lines
203:Private spaceflight
110:and its commercial
65:Mitsubishi Electric
3506:(2016 documentary)
3503:A Beautiful Planet
3498:(2009 documentary)
3490:(2008 documentary)
3482:(2002 documentary)
3474:(1997 documentary)
3419:McKendree cylinder
3232:Incorporated into
3156:Deep Space Habitat
2209:Hakuto-R Mission 2
2141:Hakuto-R Mission 1
444:. 18 February 2022
333:September 14, 2023
59:, ElevationSpace,
3524:
3523:
3487:Orphans of Apollo
3366:
3365:
3292:
3291:
3127:
3126:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2339:Comet Interceptor
2241:
2240:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2013:Human spaceflight
2002:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1698:Engineering tests
1688:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1448:Earth observation
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1146:
941:
940:
937:
936:
329:(Press release).
3554:
3479:Space Station 3D
3434:Space settlement
3424:O'Neill cylinder
3301:
3136:
3079:Tiangong program
2976:
2966:
2906:
2899:
2892:
2883:
2635:Kanta-kun (WEOS)
2576:
2568:small satellites
2562:
2480:Experimentally 5
2438:Experimentally 3
2417:
2404:
2250:
2131:
2122:
2109:
2021:
2008:
1705:
1694:
1456:
1443:
1179:
1157:
1111:
1099:
960:
947:
926:
924:
923:
905:
903:
902:
891:
889:
888:
877:
875:
874:
863:
861:
860:
850:
839:
837:
836:
779:
766:
728:
721:
714:
705:
698:
697:
695:
693:
688:. April 27, 2023
678:
672:
671:
669:
667:
656:
650:
649:
647:
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631:
625:
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622:
621:
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462:
453:
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450:
449:
439:
431:
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419:
418:
401:
395:
394:
392:
391:
374:
365:
364:
362:
360:
349:
343:
342:
340:
338:
331:Mitsui & Co.
323:
314:
313:
311:
310:
300:
292:
279:
278:
276:
274:
268:
260:
251:
250:
248:
246:
229:
29:Mitsui & Co.
3562:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3509:
3448:
3397:
3393:Voyager Station
3362:
3346:
3315:
3288:
3227:
3161:Excalibur Almaz
3123:
3095:
3067:
3046:
2980:
2967:
2958:
2937:
2919:
2910:
2880:
2867:
2787:
2673:
2570:
2548:
2505:
2454:
2411:
2386:
2327:
2296:
2237:
2196:
2174:
2158:Kaguya (SELENE)
2116:
2095:
2069:
2049:
2015:
1994:
1963:
1937:
1699:
1680:
1659:
1570:
1450:
1429:
1390:
1309:
1173:
1143:
1105:
1093:
1069:
1043:
954:
933:
921:
919:
900:
898:
886:
884:
872:
870:
858:
856:
834:
832:
821:
773:
760:
737:
732:
702:
701:
691:
689:
680:
679:
675:
665:
663:
658:
657:
653:
644:
642:
633:
632:
628:
619:
617:
607:
606:
602:
593:
591:
586:(in Japanese).
583:
579:
578:
574:
565:
563:
558:(in Japanese).
555:
551:
550:
546:
537:
535:
530:(in Japanese).
527:
523:
522:
518:
509:
507:
502:(in Japanese).
499:
495:
494:
487:
478:
476:
471:(in Japanese).
468:
464:
463:
456:
447:
445:
440:(in Japanese).
437:
433:
432:
425:
416:
414:
403:
402:
398:
389:
387:
376:
375:
368:
358:
356:
351:
350:
346:
336:
334:
325:
324:
317:
308:
306:
301:(in Japanese).
298:
294:
293:
282:
272:
270:
266:
262:
261:
254:
244:
242:
231:
230:
221:
216:
194:
178:
137:low Earth orbit
128:
122:space station.
45:
37:low Earth orbit
17:
12:
11:
5:
3560:
3558:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3529:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3499:
3495:Space Tourists
3491:
3483:
3475:
3471:Mission to Mir
3467:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3439:Stanford torus
3436:
3431:
3429:Rotating wheel
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3307:
3305:
3298:
3297:In development
3294:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3242:Space Station
3238:
3236:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3146:Aurora Station
3142:
3140:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3068:
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3065:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2984:
2982:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2913:Space stations
2911:
2909:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2886:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2834:
2829:
2822:
2817:
2810:
2803:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2572:
2571:
2565:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2423:
2421:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2367:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2228:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2128:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2035:
2027:
2025:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1984:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1890:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1807:Micro LabSat-1
1804:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1711:
1709:
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1700:
1697:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1667:
1665:
1661:
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1615:
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1613:
1608:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1468:
1462:
1460:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1275:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1185:
1183:
1175:
1174:
1160:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1100:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
982:
977:
972:
966:
964:
956:
955:
950:
943:
942:
939:
938:
935:
934:
932:
931:
917:
916:
915:
896:
882:
868:
854:
844:
840:United States
829:
827:
823:
822:
820:
819:
814:
809:
808:
807:
802:
797:
785:
783:
775:
774:
771:Space agencies
769:
762:
761:
759:
758:
752:
749:
742:
739:
738:
733:
731:
730:
723:
716:
708:
700:
699:
673:
651:
626:
600:
572:
544:
516:
485:
454:
423:
396:
366:
344:
315:
280:
252:
218:
217:
215:
212:
211:
210:
205:
200:
193:
190:
177:
174:
158:service sector
127:
124:
44:
41:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3559:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3518:
3512:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3409:Bernal sphere
3407:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3359:
3358:Lunar Gateway
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:International
3349:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3327:Axiom Station
3325:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:United States
3049:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2902:
2900:
2895:
2893:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2864:
2863:
2862:WNI satellite
2859:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2559:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2220:Lunar Cruiser
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2092:
2091:Lunar Gateway
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2005:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1691:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1140:
1139:Small-JASMINE
1137:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
987:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
967:
965:
961:
957:
953:
948:
944:
930:
918:
914:
911:
910:
909:
897:
895:
883:
881:
869:
867:
855:
853:
849:
845:
843:
831:
830:
828:
824:
818:
815:
813:
810:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
792:
791:
790:
787:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
767:
763:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
743:
740:
736:
729:
724:
722:
717:
715:
710:
709:
706:
687:
683:
677:
674:
661:
655:
652:
640:
636:
630:
627:
616:(in Japanese)
615:
611:
604:
601:
589:
582:
576:
573:
561:
554:
548:
545:
533:
526:
520:
517:
505:
498:
492:
490:
486:
474:
467:
461:
459:
455:
443:
436:
430:
428:
424:
413:
412:
407:
400:
397:
386:
385:
380:
373:
371:
367:
354:
348:
345:
337:September 15,
332:
328:
322:
320:
316:
304:
297:
291:
289:
287:
285:
281:
265:
259:
257:
253:
241:
240:
235:
228:
226:
224:
220:
213:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
195:
191:
189:
185:
183:
173:
169:
165:
161:
159:
154:
150:
146:
140:
138:
133:
125:
123:
121:
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1133:Nano-JASMINE
1131:
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120:Orbital Reef
116:Sierra Space
105:
57:DigitalBlast
46:
21:Japan Module
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3414:Bishop Ring
2917:settlements
2855:Wisseed Sat
2664:Waseda-SAT2
2517:IGS-Optical
1987:G-SATELLITE
1106: [
1094: [
692:October 17,
666:October 17,
384:Nikkei Asia
359:October 17,
273:October 17,
182:Axiom Space
149:Crew Dragon
108:Axiom Space
101:data center
97:Kibō Module
3531:Categories
3223:Tiangong-3
3186:Nautilus-X
3089:Tiangong-2
3084:Tiangong-1
3008:Cosmos 557
2838:SpaceTuna1
2709:Hodoyoshi
2485:IGS-Radar
2443:IGS-Radar
2163:OMOTENASHI
1887:SmartSat-1
1103:HiZ-GUNDAM
645:2023-09-15
639:The Nikkei
620:2023-09-15
614:The Nikkei
594:2023-09-15
566:2023-09-15
538:2023-09-15
510:2023-10-17
479:2023-10-17
448:2023-10-17
417:2023-09-15
390:2023-09-15
309:2023-09-15
214:References
53:Astroscale
3218:Sundancer
3207:FlexCraft
3202:Skylab II
2814:OPUSAT-II
2748:PROITERES
2693:1.7+APDII
2534:IGS-Radar
2429:-Optical
2352:Dragonfly
2318:Hayabusa2
1618:EarthCARE
1338:Michibiki
1209:Kakehashi
1091:GREX-PLUS
894:Roscosmos
411:SpaceNews
239:SpaceNews
3402:Concepts
3371:Proposed
3266:Columbus
3258:Columbus
3213:Skylab B
3132:Canceled
3058:OPS 0855
3033:Salyut 7
3028:Salyut 6
3023:Salyut 5
3018:Salyut 4
3013:Salyut 3
3003:Salyut 2
2993:Salyut 1
2979:Russia /
2820:QSAT-EOS
2768:SOCRATES
2758:Raijin-2
2631:Kagayaki
2566:Private
2345:DESTINY+
2308:Akatsuki
2282:Sakigake
2260:Hayabusa
2215:HERACLES
2186:EQUULEUS
2169:SELENE-2
2126:The Moon
1991:SERVIS-3
1866:SERVIS-2
1861:SERVIS-1
1671:GOSAT-GW
1650:Shikisai
1638:original
1628:Himawari
1321:Kirameki
1250:Sakura (
1120:LiteBIRD
1012:Hinotori
192:See also
73:Shiseido
43:Overview
3453:Related
3342:Starlab
3332:Haven-1
3320:Private
3244:Freedom
3107:Genesis
3100:Private
2942:Current
2849:TSUBAME
2832:SOMESAT
2807:KITSUNE
2669:WE WISH
2649:Negai☆″
2644:Maido-1
2626:HIT-SAT
2594:1.7+APD
2287:Shin'en
2277:PROCYON
2227:(LUPEX)
2152:Lunar-A
1928:Tsubasa
1923:Tsubame
1892:Tansei
1881:Shinsei
1851:RAPIS-1
1822:Orizuru
1732:EXPRESS
1655:Shizuku
1602:Daichi
1591:ASNARO
1566:Geotail
1536:Ohozora
1505:Midori
1496:Jikiken
1470:Daichi
1466:Akebono
1172:systems
1115:LAPYUTA
1086:SOLAR-C
1002:Hakucho
986:Astro-G
980:ASTRO-E
906:Brazil
892:Russia
878:Canada
793:former
746:Italics
245:10 July
126:History
3304:Russia
3171:Galaxy
3063:Skylab
2988:Salyut
2844:SPROUT
2826:RSP-01
2792:Future
2753:Raijin
2743:Kiseki
2734:Horyu
2705:Hitomi
2700:Fuji-3
2678:Active
2654:Niwaka
2621:HIBARI
2616:Hayato
2586:CosMoz
2510:Future
2459:Active
2332:Future
2301:Active
2292:Suisei
2272:Nozomi
2246:Others
2201:Future
2193:(SLIM)
2179:Active
2074:Future
2063:&
2054:Active
2039:HOPE-X
1981:ETS-IX
1968:Future
1954:Reimei
1949:Ajisai
1942:Active
1918:Tasuki
1856:Ryusei
1845:PETSAT
1817:Ohsumi
1741:Jindai
1736:IKAROS
1714:Ayame
1664:Future
1575:Active
1501:Kyokko
1491:Fuyo-1
1395:Future
1369:N-STAR
1314:Active
1234:N-STAR
1224:Kodama
1219:Kizuna
1214:Kirari
1081:ATHENA
1074:Future
1060:Hisaki
1055:Hinode
1048:Active
1039:Yohkoh
1029:Suzaku
1017:Hitomi
927:India
925:
904:
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876:
864:Italy
862:
838:
153:SpaceX
3517:Almaz
3276:Mir-2
3191:OPSEK
3072:China
2998:DOS-2
2800:DRUMS
2763:SEEDS
2684:CUTE
2659:RAIKO
2639:Kūkai
2600:Fuji
2590:CUTE
2494:Spare
2382:TEREX
2365:MELOS
2232:Yaoki
2146:Hiten
2081:HTV-X
1959:SDS-4
1933:USERS
1871:SDS-1
1827:RAISE
1812:Myojo
1791:LDREX
1745:Kiku
1633:Ibuki
1587:Arase
1541:Taiyo
1520:Momo
1486:Denpa
1364:MTSAT
1229:MBSat
1110:]
1098:]
1065:XRISM
1034:Tenma
1023:SPICA
1007:HALCA
997:Ginga
992:CORSA
970:Akari
805:NASDA
584:(PDF)
556:(PDF)
528:(PDF)
500:(PDF)
469:(PDF)
438:(PDF)
299:(PDF)
267:(PDF)
151:from
145:HTV-X
81:HTV-X
3260:MTFF
3250:USOS
2972:Past
2915:and
2579:Past
2420:Past
2359:Hera
2253:Past
2134:Past
2024:Past
1975:BEAK
1729:DASH
1708:Past
1582:Aqua
1550:Ume
1546:TRMM
1459:Past
1386:JDRS
1278:Yuri
1182:Past
1168:and
975:ASCA
963:Past
929:ISRO
913:INPE
842:NASA
812:NICT
795:ISAS
789:JAXA
694:2023
686:JAXA
668:2023
588:JAXA
560:JAXA
532:JAXA
504:JAXA
473:JAXA
361:2023
339:2023
303:JAXA
275:2023
247:2024
132:Kibō
25:JAXA
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3282:ROS
3234:ISS
3041:Mir
2772:XI
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1803:LRE
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1623:GPM
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